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Population, Labour Force and Employment Chapter 12 Population, Labour Force and Employment Persistent efforts to control population through However, this human resource is not being utilized family planning programs and improved education properly due to lack of human resource development facilities helped in controlling population growth programs. and resultantly, the world population growth slowed down. The comparison of population data published Population and Demographic Indicators by Population Reference Bureau shows that the The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate world population growth rate reduced from 1.4% in (CDR) are main statistical values that can be utilized 2011 to 1% in 2012. Nevertheless the decreased to measure the trends in structure and growth of a growth rate added 71 million people in global population. Crude Birth Rate (CBR) or simply population, and the total world population crossed the figure of 7 billion at the end of June 2012. Each birth rate is the annual number of live births per year the number of human beings is on the rise, but one thousand persons. The Crude Birth Rate is the availability of natural resources, required to called "Crude" because it does not take into account sustain this population, to improve the quality of age or sex differences among the population. Crude human lives and to eliminate mass poverty remains Birth Rate of more than 30 per thousand are finite. considered high and rate of less than 18 per thousand are considered low. According to the World Resultantly, these resources are becoming scarce and Population Data Sheet, the Global Crude Birth Rate incapable of fulfilling ever increasing demand of in 2012 was 20 per thousand. The CBR in Pakistan population. The main affectees of increasing is estimated at 26.8 per thousand in 2012-13 while in population are the developing countries where 2008 it was 25.0 per thousand, this shows the population growth rate is higher than developed improving trend. countries while availability/use of natural resources is scarce as compared to developed world. However, Similarly, the Crude Death Rate measures the rate of this issue can be handled by advancement in deaths per one thousand people in a given technology and human resource development. population per year. Crude Death Rate of below 10 Increased investment in the technology development per thousand is considered as low while above 20 and higher labor productivity through improvement per 1000 is considered as high death rate. The in education, health and training facilities are the Global Crude Death Rate at the end of June 2012 main modes of increasing productivity of human was 8 persons per 1000 whereas in Pakistan it was resources. 7.2 per thousand during the same year. It is worth mentioning that crude death rate decreased from 7.7 Pakistan is sixth most populous country in the world per thousand in 2008 to 7.0 per thousand in 2012-13. with an estimated population of 184.35 million in Both of these statistics shows the improving trends 2012-2013. The growth rate of population during on the population front. Low death rates primarily 2012-2013 is 2.0 percent. Under current reflect improved child survival rates, and child circumstances, it is expected that Pakistan will attain survival is a key determinant in family size. fifth position in the world in terms of total population in 2050. However, population especially Globally birth and death rates have declined over the working age population can become asset of a past several decades and resultantly life expectancy country and can help the country to prosper at has improved. People are living longer in both greater rate. It is estimated that median age in industrial and developing countries because of Pakistan is 22 years which means Pakistan is a increased access to immunization, primary health young country. The total population of Pakistan in care, and disease eradication programs. In Pakistan 2012-13 is 184.35 million out of this; the working life expectancy has also increased from 65.8 population is 110 million which is the 60 percent of (female) and 63.9 (male) in 2010-11 to 66.1 (female) total population. This means that the country has and 64.3 (male) in 2011-12 and further improved in abundant economically active human resource. 156 Pakistan Economic Survey 2012-13 2012-13 and reached at 66.5 (female) and 64.6 (male). Fig-1: Population Overview Crude birth rate Crude death rate Population (mln) 30 190 25 185 180 20 175 15 170 10 165 5 160 0 155 Crude Birth & Death Rate & Death Birth Crude 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) Population Census Organizations Population growth rate (PGR) is another important many countries of the world, but it still remain high factor used for the projection of population. It in those countries where birth rates have not fallen reflects the number of births and deaths during the as rapidly as death rates. The PGR in Pakistan has period and the number of people migrating to and shown improvement and it decreased from 2.05 from a country. Due to the slowing of birth rates, percent (2010-11) to 2.03 percent in 2011-12 and population growth rates have started to decline in 2.00 percent in 2012-13. Table 12.1: Selected Demographic Indicators 2010-11 (1st July) 2011-12 (1st July) 2012-13 (1stJuly) Total Population (Million) 177.1 180.71 184.35 Urban Population (Million) 65.3 67.55 69.87 Rural Population (Million) 111.8 113.16 114.48 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 3.5 3.4 3.3 Crude Birth Rate (Per thousand) 27.50 27.20 26.80 Crude Death Rate (Per thousand) 7.30 7.20 7.0 Population Growth Rate (Percent) 2.05 2.03 2.00 Life Expectancy (Year) - Females 65.8 66.1 66.5 - Males 63.9 64.3 64.6 Source: Planning Commission of Pakistan, National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) Population Density Age Composition of Population The term population density is number of persons Age composition of a population is the number of per sq.km and is estimated by dividing midyear people in different age groups in a country. It is one population with land area. According to a World of the most basic characteristics of a population. A population data sheet published in 2012, Bangladesh person's age influence what he needs, buys, does, has 1, 062 people/sq.km is considered most densely and thinks. The study of age composition of populated country in the region as compared to other population is also helpful in determining the regional countries like Maldives with 1,110 people proportion of the labour force in total population. It /sq.km, India 383 people /sq.km and Sri Lanka has also facilitates in understanding about the dependent 323 people /sq.km. population, longevity and aged population. According to age composition, population of a The Population density in Pakistan is 231 in 2012- nation is categorized into three broad groups. These 13. Due to uneven distribution of population, its are Children (young), adult (middle age) and aged density in Pakistan varies dramatically, ranging from (old age). Numbers and percentage of a population scarcely populated arid areas, especially in within these groups determine population's social Balochistan to some of the highest urban densities and economic structure. A projection of the like Karachi and Lahore. population structure by NIPS is presented below: Population, Labour Force and Employment 157 Table 12.2: Population by Age Groups (Million) Age Group 1998 2011 2012 2013 2015 2020 2025 2030 00-04 19.59 22.02 22.22 22.40 22.76 23.28 22.44 20.35 05-09 20.72 20.40 20.63 20.87 21.33 22.35 22.95 22.18 10-14 17.14 19.94 19.73 19.56 20.07 21.24 22.28 22.88 15-19 13.73 20.27 20.57 20.78 20.12 20.01 21.19 22.24 20-24 11.88 17.72 18.22 18.72 19.8 20.05 19.95 21.14 25-29 9.76 15.25 15.70 16.16 17.13 19.71 19.98 19.89 30-34 8.24 12.95 13.40 13.85 14.72 17.04 19.62 19.91 35-39 6.32 10.83 11.19 11.57 12.4 14.62 16.94 19.53 40-44 5.89 8.90 9.34 9.69 10.36 12.27 14.49 16.81 45-49 4.68 7.32 7.58 7.85 8.49 10.2 12.01 14.31 50-54 4.26 6.01 6.22 6.44 6.88 8.26 9.95 11.84 55-59 2.86 4.83 4.99 5.16 5.53 6.57 7.93 9.6 60-64 2.72 3.78 3.90 4.03 4.31 5.13 6.14 7.45 65+ 4.64 6.81 7.04 7.28 7.82 9.39 11.39 13.93 Total 132.43 177.03 180.71 184.35 191.72 210.12 227.26 242.06 Source: National Institute of Population Studies, Planning Commission of Pakistan. Table 12.2 illustrates the distribution of population countries which achieved major improvements in of Pakistan according to the age group. The child survival rates and educational levels and have population in the group (children between 0 to 14 implemented family planning programs as well. The years of age) increased very marginally i.e. from increased access to family planning is helping 62.36 million in 2011 to 62.83 million in 2013.
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