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The Controllable Bee Hive and New System of Bee Management: 1887 Annual Circular
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine History Documents Special Collections 1887 The Controllable Bee Hive and New System of Bee Management: 1887 Annual Circular Lizzie E. Cotton Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistory Part of the History Commons This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History Documents by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pamp 88 i Mrs. Lizzie E. Cotton, WEST GORHAM, MAINE. the CONTROLLABLE BEE HIVE ------•—^-AND—j—•------ NEW SYSTEM Of BEE MANAGEMENT. In bringing this my Annual Circular for 1887 before the public, I wish to advise every intelli gent person who has a spot of land on which to set a hive, to keep bees. Managed on my plan in Controllable Hives, bees are more profit than any thing connected with the farm or garden. Bees will go many miles in all directions from their hives to collect honey. The sources from which bees collect honey are almost innumerable. Nearly every flower, plant, tree, shrub and vine in field, forest, garden and pasture yield honey. If it is not desired to enter largely into the production of honey for market, it is certainly very desirable to keep one or two hives of bees to produce honey for family use. There is no greater health giving lux ury than pure honey in snow white comb. Severe hoarseness, sore throats, coughs, and many other diseases are cured by the use of pure honey. -
Life Cycles: Egg to Bee Free
FREE LIFE CYCLES: EGG TO BEE PDF Camilla de La Bedoyere | 24 pages | 01 Mar 2012 | QED PUBLISHING | 9781848355859 | English | London, United Kingdom Tracking the Life Cycle of a Honey Bee - dummies As we remove the frames, glance over the thousands of busy bees, check for brood, check for capped honey, maybe spot the queen… then the frames go back in their slots and the hive is sealed up again. But in the hours spent away from our hives, thousands of tiny miracles are happening everyday. Within the hexagonal wax cells little lives are hatching out and joining the hive family. The whole process from egg to adult worker bee takes around 18 days. During the laying season late spring to summer the Queen bee is capable of laying over eggs per day. Her worker bees help direct her to the best prepared comb and she lays a single egg in each hexagon shaped cell. The size of the cell prepared determines the type of egg she lays. If the worker bees have prepared a worker size cell, she Life Cycles: Egg to Bee lay a fertilized egg. This egg will produce a female worker bee. If the worker bees have prepared a slightly larger cell, the queen will recognize this as a drone cell and lay an unfertilized egg. This will produce a male drone bee. It is the workers and not the queen that determine the ratio of workers to drones within the hive. In three days the egg hatches and a larva emerges. It looks very similar to a small maggot. -
Beekeeper Volume I, II & III Ebook Beekeeping Naturally
The Practical Beekeeper Volume I, II & III EBook Beekeeping Naturally Copyright © 2004-2011 by Michael Bush All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of the author. Cover Photo © 2011 Alex Wild www.alexanderwild.com ISBN: 978-161476-084-9 X-Star Publishing Company Founded 1961 Dedication This book is dedicated to Ed and Dee Lusby who were the real pioneers of modern natural beekeeping methods that could succeed with the Varroa mites and all the other new issues. Thank you for sharing it with the rest of us. About the Book This book is about how to keep bees in a natural and practical system where they do not require treatments for pests and diseases and only minimal interventions. It is also about simple practical beekeeping. It is about reducing your work. It is not a main-stream beekeeping book. Many of the concepts are contrary to “conventional” beekeeping. The techniques presented here are streamlined through decades of experimentation, adjustments and simplification. The content was written and then refined from responding to questions on bee forums over the years so it is tailored to the questions that beekeepers, new and experienced, have. It is divided into three volumes and this edition contains all three: Beginning, Intermediate and Advanced. Acknowledgments I’m sure I will forget to list many who have helped me along this path. For one thing many were often only known by the names they used on the many bee forums where they shared their experiences. -
A Comparison of Russian and Italian Honey Bees
A Comparison of Russian and Italian Honey Bees American beekeepers have been using Italian honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica) since they were first imported to the New World in 1859. The standard German honey bee (A. m. mellifera), which had been in America for more than 200 years, was by that time ill-tempered, disease-ridden, and less suited for honey bee management. Conversely, the Italian bees were and are excellent honey producers, show a gentle temperament that makes them the most popular race of honey bee in North America, have a moderately low tendency to swarm, and have a bright yellow color that makes queens easy to find. ut Italian honey bees are suscep- chemicals can contaminate the honey Btible to two deadly parasitic mites, and beeswax in a hive. The mites also the tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) and are becoming increasingly resistant to the varroa mite (Varroa destructor), the pesticides, making the chemicals which were introduced into the U.S. in less reliable and, eventually, ineffec- 1984 and 1987, respectively. Colonies tive. The high colony mortality that ac- contract these mites through equipment companies these two mites is a serious sharing and overcrowding, and, once concern of the bee industry today, and infested, entire colonies can succumb various types of bees are continually within one or two years. Beekeepers being examined with an eye toward have relied largely on pesticides to finding a hardy, productive stock that control the mites, but many of these can resist them. Russian Bee Project Management of Russian bees Efforts to find a honey bee that is genetically resistant to Russian bees are quite different from standard Italian bees the varroa and tracheal mites led researchers at the USDA in several ways (Table 1): Honey Bee Research Laboratory in Baton Rouge, Louisi- • Russian bees do not build their colony populations ana, to Russia. -
GENETIC VARIATION in HONEY BEES from an AREA of RACIAL HYBRIDIZATION in WESTERN CZECHOSLOVAKIA Walter S
GENETIC VARIATION IN HONEY BEES FROM AN AREA OF RACIAL HYBRIDIZATION IN WESTERN CZECHOSLOVAKIA Walter S. Sheppard, Bruce A. Mcpheron To cite this version: Walter S. Sheppard, Bruce A. Mcpheron. GENETIC VARIATION IN HONEY BEES FROM AN AREA OF RACIAL HYBRIDIZATION IN WESTERN CZECHOSLOVAKIA. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 1986, 17 (1), pp.21-32. hal-00890673 HAL Id: hal-00890673 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00890673 Submitted on 1 Jan 1986 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GENETIC VARIATION IN HONEY BEES FROM AN AREA OF RACIAL HYBRIDIZATION IN WESTERN CZECHOSLOVAKIA Walter S. SHEPPARD Bruce A. McPHERON Department of Entomology, University of Illinois 320 Morrill Hall, SOS S. Goodwin Ave. Urbana, Illinois 61801 SUMMARY Twelve colonies of honey bees from an area of hybridization between Apis mellifera mellifera and A.m. carnica in Czechoslovakia were electrophoretically examined at eighteen enzyme loci. The following five enzymes were found to exhibit polymorphism : malate dehydrogenase, esterase, malic enzyme, phosphoglucomutase and aconitase. The polymorphism for aconitase is reported here for the first time in the honey bee. Based on electrophoretic and morphometric data, many of the bees examined cannot be considered pure mellifera or carnica. -
Africanized Bee from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Africanized bee From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Africanized bee, also known as the Africanised honey bee, and known colloquially as "killer bee", is a hybrid of the Western Africanized bee honey bee species (Apis mellifera), produced originally by cross- breeding of the African honey bee (A. m. scutellata), with various European honey bees such as the Italian bee A. m. ligustica and the Iberian bee A. m. iberiensis. The Africanized honey bee was first introduced to Brazil in the 1950s in an effort to increase honey production, but in 1957, 26 swarms accidentally escaped quarantine. Since then, the species has spread throughout South America and arrived in North America in 1985. Hives were found in south Texas of the United States in Scientific classification 1990.[1] Kingdom: Animalia Africanized bees are typically much more defensive than other species of bee, and react to disturbances faster than European honey Phylum: Arthropoda bees. They can chase a person a quarter of a mile (400 m); they Class: Insecta have killed some 1,000 humans, with victims receiving ten times more stings than from European honey bees.[2] They have also Order: Hymenoptera [3] killed horses and other animals. Suborder: Apocrita Subfamily: Apinae Contents Tribe: Apini Genus: Apis 1 History 2 Geographic spread throughout North America Species: Apis mellifera 3 Foraging behavior Subspecies 3.1 Variation in honey bee proboscis extension response 3.2 Evolution of foraging behavior in honey bees HYBRID (see text) 3.2.1 Proximate causes 3.2.2 Ultimate causes 4 Morphology and genetics 5 Consequences of selection 5.1 Defensiveness 6 Impact on human population 6.1 Fear factor 6.2 Misconceptions 7 Impact on existing apiculture 7.1 Queen management in Africanized bee areas 7.2 Gentle Africanized bees 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links History There are 28 recognized subspecies of Apis mellifera based largely on geographic variations. -
{FREE} Life Cycles: Egg To
LIFE CYCLES: EGG TO BEE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Camilla de La Bedoyere | 24 pages | 01 Mar 2012 | QED PUBLISHING | 9781848355859 | English | London, United Kingdom The Honey Bee Life Cycle This is the easily recognizable cell that we watch for. It is normal to have more than one queen cell at a time. Worker bees cap the cells with wax. On day 8, the larva becomes a pupa. Inside this capped queen cell, the final transformation takes place. Around day 16 a new queen will emerge. What is the first thing this new queen does? She searches out any possible rivals in other queen cells. When she finds them, she will chew into the cell and kill the virgin queen inside. Being royal is messy business. This is a real Game of Thrones happening inside the beehive. The rivalry is about genetics , only 1 bee can become the mother of the hive. Sometimes, the colony is in crisis. Perhaps the queen died quickly — or a beekeeper squished her? They must use a fresh larva that is already in place on the comb. This is called emergency queen rearing because the situation is not ideal. To produce a good queen, worker bees choose only the very youngest larva. Older larva may not develop into a quality queen bee because the nutrition of the first few days is so important. The size of a queen bee is affected by feeding during development. Queen bees reared in emergency conditions are not always the best quality. They may not lay as well or last as long as a queen bee that is raised during better hive conditions. -
Grooming Behavior and Gene Expression of the Indiana ``Mite-Biter
Grooming behavior and gene expression of the Indiana “mite-biter” honey bee stock Nuria Morfin, Krispn Given, Mathew Evans, Ernesto Guzman-Novoa, GregJ. Hunt To cite this version: Nuria Morfin, Krispn Given, Mathew Evans, Ernesto Guzman-Novoa, Greg J. Hunt. Grooming be- havior and gene expression of the Indiana “mite-biter” honey bee stock. Apidologie, 2020, 51 (2), pp.267-275. 10.1007/s13592-019-00710-y. hal-03084266 HAL Id: hal-03084266 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03084266 Submitted on 21 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2020) 51:267–275 Original Article * The Author(s), 2019 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-019-00710-y Grooming behavior and gene expression of the Indiana “mite-biter” honey bee stock 1 2 3 1 Nuria MORFIN , Krispn GIVEN , Mathew EVA NS , Ernesto GUZMAN-NOVOA , 2 Greg J. HUNT 1School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada 2Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 3Woodland Honey, Van Buren, IN, USA Received 28 March 2019 – Revised 9 August 2019 – Accepted 24 October 2019 Abstract – This study was conducted to evaluate the Indiana “mite-biter” honey bee stock, which has been selected for increased mutilation of Varroa destructor mites (“mite biting” behavior). -
Ermal Stress
Heredity 74 (1995) 315—325 Received 5 July 1994 Genetical Society of Great Britain spired, conical shells reduceBURROWS, the M. areas T. AND HUGHES, exposed R. N. 1989. Natural to foraging solar of the radiation and thus helpdogwhelk, prevent Nuce!la lapillus thermal (L.); the weather stress and whether (Vermeij, 1993). This shapeCHANG, H. W. isAND characteristicEMLEN, J. M. 1993. Seasonal variation of of Racial admixture of Apis meiifera in littorinid snails from uppermicrohabitat intertidal distribution of theareas polymorphic in land the snail densitytropics (Vermeij,also induce 1978). marked Differences differences in in population shell form Tasmania, Australia: similarities and (Boulding & Hay, 1993) COOKE,as do A. H. adaptations 1915. The geological distribution between of Purpura differences with natural hybrid zones in populations living amongCROTHERS, boulders i. H. 1985. or Dogwhelks: on rock an introduction faces to the Europe inter-related,it is very difficult vary with to separateoverall size them, and withand shelleach wear,may interact with the colour of the shell to give a popula- BENJAMIN P. OLDROYDt*, JEAN-MARIE CORNUETtt, DARRYL ROWEI-, THOMAS E. FORBES, E. AND HANLEY, s. 1838. A History of British Mollusca RINDERER & ROSS H. CROZIERI- environmental factors couldand explain Their Shells, vol. the 3, pp. unusual 380—387. J. Van result Voorst, 1-School of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia, 1-Laboratoire de from Porthtowan (R= 9.0, %L= 43.9). Nevertheless, Neurobiologie Comparáe des Invertébrés, INRA-CNRS URA 1190, La Guyonnerie, B.P. 23, 91440 Bures-sur- Yvette, this study shows that thermalHEDRICK, i'.ecology w. -
Rearing of Bees Artificial Bee Rearing (Apiary), Beehives
Rearing of Bees Artificial Bee rearing (Apiary), Beehives – Newton and Langstroth box Bee Pasturage Selection of Bee Species for Apiculture Modern Bee Keeping Equipment Methods of Extraction of Honey (Indigenous and Modern) BENEFITS OF BEEKEEPING Beekeeping is the secondary source of income. Because of the following reasons you may adopt it: (i) Production of bee hive products: Honey bees are the sole source of honey and beeswax. The bee hive products namely honey, pollen or bee bread, royal jelly, bee propolis, bee venom and beeswax can be produced by bee keeper after adoption of beekeeping for generation of income and self employment among rural masses of the country. (ii) Utilization and harvesting of nectar and pollen of highly nectariferous plants: About 30 – 50 kg honey can be produced and harvested by one hectare highly nectariferous crop plants occupied area such as lahi (Brassica campestris var. toria), mustard, litchi, pigeon pea, sunflower, eucalyptus, anola, ber, jamun, drumstick, karanj, junglejalibi, mahua, shisam, siris, semal, palas, cucurbits, coriander etc. The natural floral reward i.e. nectar and pollen may be utilized for production of bee hive products as food source otherwise these produce may be wasted in nature. (iii) Enhancement of yield through bee pollination: If you are associated with growing crops in your field, beekeeping may give you dual benefit by enhancing crop production. The transference of pollen during floral visit is performed by worker bees and consequently stigma of flowers is pollinated by highly suitable highly feasible and acceptable pollen grains. Services of bees resulted in enhancement of yield and improvement of seed quality. -
Bull0153a.Pdf (11.71Mb)
CONTENTS INTR0 DUCTI0 N 3 THE COLONY AND ITS ORGANIZATION 4 The Queen ~___________ 5 The Dr0 ne 6 The Worker 6 Swarming --__________________ 8 BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT 9 MAKING A START WITH BEES 11 Kinds of Bees to Keep 11 Securing Bees ~ 11 Location of the Apiary -- 12 W0 rking A Hive ------- 13 SEASONAL MANAGEMENT 13 Wintering ~ 13 Feeding ---- 14 Spring Management --------------- 14 Increase ------------------ __ 15 Management During the Honey Flow --------------------15 Wax Rendering 16 Care of Combs --- 16 QUEEN-REARING 17 POLLINATI0 N OF PLANTS 18 HONEY PLANTS 18 GRANULATED HONEY 19 POISONING OF BEES BY INSECTICIDES 19 PESTS AND DISEASES 19 Wax Moth 19 F 0 u1brood 19 WHERE TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT BEES 20 Cover picture was used through the courtesy of The American Bee Journal ., 'Bel?keeping for 'Beginners By Paul Gregg, Assistant Entomologist A. and M. College Extension Service And V. A. Little, Professor Entomology Department There is no doubt that man kept honeybees before there were any written records of the human race. Undoubtedly primitive man discovered that honey was a desirable food long before he conceived the idea of keeping bees in crude hives. Therefore beekeeping is one of the oldest of all agricul- tural pursuits, practiced more widely in olden times than it is today. Honey was the only known sweet. Beeswax was widely employed in religious ceremonies, in ancient arts and in the burial of the dead. Even taxes have been known to be levied on honey and wax. Whenever a honeybee is seen noisily busying itself around flowers gathering nectar and pollen it excites some degree of curiosity. -
BEEKEEPING in the MEDITERRANEAN from ANTIQUITY to the PRESENT Front Cover Photographs
Edited by: Fani Hatjina, Georgios Mavrofridis, Richard Jones BEEKEEPING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE PRESENT Front cover photographs Part of a beehive lid. Early Byzantine period (Mesogeia plain, Attica. “Exhibition of Archaeological Findings”, Athens International Airport. Photo: G. Mavrofridis). Beehive from a country house of the 4th century B.C. (Mesogeia plain, Attica. “Exhibition of Archaeological Findings”, Athens International Airport. Photo: G. Mavrofridis). Traditional ceramic beehive “kambana” (bell) in its bee bole (Andros Island. Photo: F. Hatjina). Back cover photographs Stone built apiary of the 18th century from Neochori, Messinia, Peloponnese (Photo: G. Ratia). Ruins of a bee house from Andros Island. Inside view (Photos: G. Ratia). Walls of a mill house with bee balls from Andros Island. Inside view (Photo: G. Ratia). Traditional pottery beehives and their bee boles: the ‘bee garden’, Andros Island (Photo: G. Ratia). Ruins of a bee house (the ‘cupboards’) from Zaharias, Andros Island. Outside view (Photo: G. Ratia). Bee boles from Andros Island (Photo: G. Ratia). Edited by: Nea Moudania 2017 Fani Hatjina, Georgios Mavrofridis, Richard Jones Based on selected presentations of the INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM of BEEKEEPING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SYROS, OCTOBER 9-11 2014 © DIVISION of APICULTURE Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”-GREECE CHAMBER of CYCLADES EVA CRANE TRUST - UK Dedicated to the memory of Thanassis Bikos hanassis Bikos was a pioneer of the valuable legacy for current and future research- systematic research on traditional bee- ers of the beekeeping tradition. keeping in Greece. From the early 1990s The creation of a museum of Greek beekeep- until the end of his life he studied the ing was a life dream for Thanassis, for which traditionalT beekeeping aspects in most regions he gathered material for more than thirty-five of Greece.