Design, Analysis & Fabrication of Shaft Driven Bicycle
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Identification and Proposed Control of Helicopter Transmission Noise at the Source
~ I \. USAAVSCOM-TR-87-C-2 Identification and Proposed Control of Helicopter Transmission Noise at the Source John J. Coy, Robert F. Handschuh, and David G. Lewicki Propulsion Directorate U.S. Army Research and Technology Activity-AVSCOM Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio Ronald G. Huff, Eugene A. Krejsa, and Allan M. Karchmer Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio (NASA-TH-89312) IDENTIEICA?ICh AND PROPOSED 1487- 168 16 CCNTRCL CF HELICCE'ILR TEANSMISSlCN dOISE AT TEE SCUBCE (NASA) 23 i; csci 01c Unclas 63/05 43744 Preprint for the NASA/Army Rotorcraft Technology Conference held at NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California, March 17-19, 1987 IDENTIFICATION AND PROPOSED CONTROL OF HELICOPTER TRANSMISSION NOISE AT THE SOURCE John J. Coy, Robert F. Handschuh, and David G. Lewicki Propulsion Directorate U.S. Army Research and Technology Activity - AVSCOM Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135 Ronald 6. Huff, Eugene A. Krejsa, and Allan M. Karchmer National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135 SUMMARY Helicopter cabin interiors require noise treatment which is expensive and adds weight. The gears inside the main power transmission are major sources of cabin noise. This paper describes gork conducted by the NASA Lewis Research Center in measuring cabin interior noise and in relating the noise spectrum to the gear vibration of the Army's OH-58 helicopter. Flight test data indicate that the planetary gear traln Is a major source of cabin noise and that other low frequency sources are present that could dominate the cabin noise. Compan- ion vibration measurements were made in a transmission test stand, revealing that the single largest contributor to the transmission vibration was the spiral bevel gear mesh. -
Parametric Instability Investigation and Stability Based Design for Transmission Systems Containing Face-Gear Drives
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2012 Parametric Instability Investigation and Stability Based Design for Transmission Systems Containing Face-gear Drives Meng Peng [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Acoustics, Dynamics, and Controls Commons, and the Propulsion and Power Commons Recommended Citation Peng, Meng, "Parametric Instability Investigation and Stability Based Design for Transmission Systems Containing Face-gear Drives. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2012. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1434 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Meng Peng entitled "Parametric Instability Investigation and Stability Based Design for Transmission Systems Containing Face-gear Drives." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Mechanical Engineering. Hans A. DeSmidt, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: J. A. M. Boulet, Seddik M. Djouadi, Xiaopeng Zhao Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Parametric Instability Investigation and Stability Based Design for Transmission Systems Containing Face-gear Drives A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Meng Peng August 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my primary advisor, Dr. -
Computer Numerical Control Grinding of Spiral Bevel Gears
AUG 31 '95 09:03 FR NASA LERC 216 433 5783 TO 913816218134 P.83 NASA AVSCOM Contractor Report 187175 Technical Report 90- F- 6 Computer Numerical Control Grinding of Spiral Bevel Gears H. Wayne Scott Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. Fort Worth, Texas August 1991 •.& PUBLICLY AVAII_. BLE . .... .. luly 1995 Prepared for Lewis Research Center Under Contract NAS3 - 25030 and Propulsion Directorate U.S. Army Aviation Research and Technology--AVSCOM AI/ A NatJot_ Aeronauticsand Spaoe Administration - - • ' " (NASA-CR-187175) COMPUTER N96-10758 NUMERICAL CONTROL GRINDING OF SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS (Textron Bell Helicopter) 89 p Unclas J J G3/37 0064089 IF TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION TITLE PAGE I. Introduction ............................................................... 1 II. Background ............................................................... 2 III. Program Plan .............................................................. 4 IV. Technical Approach ........................................................ 6 4.1 Phase I - Definition of the Prototype CNC Grinder ......................... 6 4.1.1 Task 1- Baseline Grinder 4.1.2 Task 2 - Definition of Prototype 4.1.3 Task 3- Economic Analysis 4.1.4 Task 4- Drawings and Oral Briefings 4.2 Phase II - Integration of Hardware and Software into Prototype CNC Grinder for Spiral Bevel Gears ............................................... 12 4.2.1 Task 5 - Implementation of Conversion Hardware to Baseline Grinder 4.2.2 Task 6 - Add CNC to the Converted Grinder 4.2.3 Task 7 - Demonstrate CNC - Controlled Grinder 4.2.4 Task 8 - Update Economic Analysis 4.2.5 Task 9 - Drawings and Oral Briefing 4.3 Phase III- Pilot Production ............................................. 44 4.3.1 Task 10 - Production Runs Using the Proof of Concept Grinder 4.3.1.1 Development Activities 4.3.2 Task 11 - Update Conversion to CNC Cost and Estimated Savings on Finish Grinding 4.3.3 Task 12- Government/Industries Briefing 4.3.4 Task 13 - Documentation V. -
Evaluation on Failure Analysis of an Automobile Differential Pinion Assembly (IJIRST/ Volume 1 / Issue 12 / 054)
IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 1 | Issue 12 | May 2015 ISSN (online): 2349-6010 Evaluation on Failure Analysis of an Automobile Differential Pinion Assembly Ronak P Panchal Pratik B. Umrigar M.E. Student Department of Automobile Engineering Department of I.C. Engine & Automobile GTU, Mahesana, India GTU, Mahesana, India Abstract Bevel gears have become a subject to research interest because the dynamicload, attention of the noise level during operation and demand for lighter and smaller. In such type of gears there is a problems of failures contact at meshing the teeths. This can be avoided or minimized by proper method analysis and modification of the different gear parameters. This thesis presents characteristics of a bevel gear in dynamic condition involving meshing stiffness and other stresses produce. The purpose of this thesis is by using numerical approach to develop theoretical model of bevel gear and to determine the effect of meshing gear tooth stresses by taking material case hardened alloy steel (15Ni4Cr1) . To estimate the meshing stiffness, three-dimensional solid models for different number of teeth are generated by Solid works and the numerical solution is done in Ansys which is a finite element analysis. Keywords: Design of Spiral Bevel Gear, Analysis of Spiral Bevel Gear _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION Gear is a mechanical device used in transmission systems that allows rotational force to be transferred to another gears . The gear teeth allow force to be fully transmitted without slip and depending on the configuration can transmit forces at different speeds, torques, and even in a different directions. -
Design and Fabrication of Shaft Drive for Two Wheelers
International OPEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Design and Fabrication of Shaft Drive for two Wheelers K.Vinoth Kumar1, Kari Naga Nikhil2, Kakollu Manoj Kumar3, Kaza Sai Sravan4, K.Subha Theja5 1,2,3,4,5Student, Department Of Mechanical Engineering R.M.K College Of Engineering & Technology, Thiruvallur , India 1. Abstract 1.1 Role Of Automobile In Our Day To Day Life In modern world the living status were developed and developing more equipped. The automobile takes a great part in the development, since it plays a major key in daily life while automobile is concern two wheeler i.e.(motor cycles and bike) it plays very important role because it saves the time of traveller by reaching the target place very faster. Although it saves the time, it makes lots of noise by the chain drive and also makes greasy over the parts of the bike by the chain drive lubrication. It leads to lot of maintenance cost. So by keeping maintenance as the main concept in our mind we had planned to do this project. 1.2 Proposed Method A shaft-driven two wheeler is a two wheeler that uses a drive shaft instead of a chain to transmit power from the pedals to the wheel arrangement. Shaft drives were introduced over a century ago, but were mostly supplanted by chain-driven two wheelers due to the gear ranges possible with sprockets and derailleur. Recently, due to advancements in internal gear technology, a small number of modern shaft-driven two wheelers have been introduced. Shaft-driven bikes have a large bevel gear where a conventional bike would have its chain ring. -
Gear Nomenclature
Nomenclature Gear Gear Nomenclature Racks Bevel Gears Spur Gears B Bevel Gear, Cast Iron S Steel B Pinion, Steel TS Steel, 20° BS Bevel Gear, Steel C Cast Iron BS Pinion, Steel TC Cast Iron, 20° H Hardened Teeth Notes: NM Non-Metallic B steel pinions may run with BS gear of same ratio. R Steel ANY RATIO OTHER THAN 1:1. RA Steel, Heavy Backing Examples: Pinion and driven gear have S620 Steel 6DP 20T 14½°PA TR Steel, 20°, Heavy Backing different number of teeth. R20 Steel, 20°, Wide Face TS620 Steel 6DP 20T 20°PA C660 Cast 6DP 60T 14½°PA Examples: Examples: S620H Steel 6DP 20T Hardened 14½°PA R6X2 14½° STD Backing 6DPX2' Long B1040-2 Cast 10DP 40T 2:1 Ratio NM620 Non-Metallic 6DP 20T 14½°PA RA6X4 14½° Heavy Backing 6DPX4' Long B1020-2 Steel 10DP 20T 2:1 Ratio S612BS1 Steel 6P 12T 1" Bore KW SS TR6X6 20° STD Width 6DPX6' Long BS1040-2 Steel 10DP 40T 2:1 Ratio TS816BS7/8 Steel 8DP 16T 20°PA .875 Bore KW SS R206X6 20° Wide Face 6DPX6' Long BS1020-2 Steel 10DP 20T 2:1 Ratio BS1020-2 Steel 10DP 20T 2:1 Ratio Miter Gears Worm Worm Gear M Miter — Steel Gears W Steel W Worm, Steel A or B Larger Bore (Suffix) WH Steel With Hub WH Worm, Steel w/Hub HM Miter-Hardened Teeth Projection Projection K KW & SS WG Steel Hardened WG Worm, Steel Hardened Ground Threads Ground Threads Notes: WHG Steel Hardened Ground Threads WHG Worm, Steel Hardened ALWAYS 1: 1 RATIO. -
Worm Gear Screw Jacks Reliable and Versatile High Performance Screw Jacks
Worm Gear Screw Jacks Reliable and versatile high performance screw jacks www.thomsonlinear.com Thomson – the Choice for Optimized Motion Solutions Often the ideal design solution is not about finding the fastest, sturdiest, most accurate or even the least expensive option. Rather, the ideal solution is the optimal balance of performance, life and cost. The Best Positioned Supplier of Mechanical Motion Technology Thomson has several advantages that make us the supplier of choice for motion control technology. • Thomson owns the broadest standard product offering of mechanical motion technologies in the industry. • Modified versions of standard product or white sheet design solutions are routine for us. • Choose Thomson and gain access to over 70 years of global application experience in industries including packaging, factory automation, material handling, medical, clean energy, printing, automotive, machine tool, aerospace and defense. A Name You Can Trust A wealth of product and application information as well as 3D models, software tools, our distributor locator and global contact information is available at www.thomsonlinear.com. For assistance in Europe, contact us at +44 1271 334 500 or e-mail us at [email protected]. Talk to us early in the design process to see how Thomson can help identify the optimal balance of performance, life and cost for your next application. And, call us or any of our 2000+ distribution partners around the world for fast delivery of replacement parts. Local Support Around the Globe Application -
A New Methodology to Optimize Spiral Bevel Gear Topography Emmanuel Mermoz, Julien Astoul, Marc Sartor, Jean-Marc Linares, Alain Bernard
A new methodology to optimize spiral bevel gear topography Emmanuel Mermoz, Julien Astoul, Marc Sartor, Jean-Marc Linares, Alain Bernard To cite this version: Emmanuel Mermoz, Julien Astoul, Marc Sartor, Jean-Marc Linares, Alain Bernard. A new method- ology to optimize spiral bevel gear topography. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, Elsevier, 2013, 62, pp.119 - 122. 10.1016/j.cirp.2013.03.067. hal-01440192 HAL Id: hal-01440192 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01440192 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A new methodology to optimize spiral bevel gear topography a, a b c d Emmanuel Mermoz (3) *, Julien Astoul , Marc Sartor , Jean Marc Linares (2) , Alain Bernard (1) a EUROCOPTER, Aeroport de Marseille Provence, 13700 Marignane, France b Universite de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, Mines Albi, ISAE, ICA (Institut Clement Ader), 135, avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France c Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France d Ecole Centrale de Nantes, IRCCyN, UMR CNRS 6597, BP 92101, 1 rue de la Noe, 44321 Nantes Cedex 3, France Keywords: Optimization, Finite element, method, Spiral bevel gear This paper aims to present the new method developed to generate optimized spiral bevel gear surfaces. -
Study of Differential Bevel Gear Through Machining Method
International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR) ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-1, Issue-3, May 2013 STUDY OF DIFFERENTIAL BEVEL GEAR THROUGH MACHINING METHOD Mohd Abbas, Sanjeev Sharma, Vinit Kumar Sharma Straight Path. Abstract— In this paper we have selected the machining method, a cost saving manufacturing process to produce If the left side gear (red) encounters resistance, the planet straight bevel gears without any compromise with quality gear (Green) rotates about the left side gear, in turn applying parameters, then validate the samples taken from vendor as extra rotation to the right side gear (yellow). per our design requirement and to increase Durability & Productivity of Straight Bevel Gears. To validated we have used tractor as a testing equipment and validate the gears to our design specification. Index Terms— Straight Bevel Gear, Spiral Bevel Gear Circular Pitch, Pressure Angle, Pitch Diameter, Tooth Parts. I. INTRODUCTION Power is supplied from the engine, via the gearbox, to a driveshaft, which runs to the drive axle. A pinion gear at the end of the propeller shaft is encased within the differential Figure 2: Differential Dynamics When Vehicle Takes Turn. itself, and it engages with the large crown-wheel. The crown-wheel is attached to a carrier, which holds a set of A general Gear manufacturing process contains the three-four small planetary straight bevel gears. The three following process- planetary gears are set up in such a way that the two outer gears (the side gears) can rotate in opposite directions relative to each other. The pair of side gears drive the axle shafts to each of the wheels. -
General Applications of Gears
UNIT - III GEAR MANUFACTURING PROCESS SPRX1008 – PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY - II Gears are widely used in various mechanisms and devices to transmit power and motion positively (without slip) between parallel, intersecting (axis) and non-intersecting non parallel shafts, •without change in the direction of rotation •with change in the direction of rotation •without change of speed (of rotation) •with change in speed at any desired ratio Often some gearing system (rack – and – pinion) is also used to transform Rotary motion into linear motion and vice-versa. Fig.1 Features of Spur Gear Gears are basically wheels having, on its periphery, equispaced teeth which are so designed that those wheels transmit, without slip, rotary motion smoothly and uniformly with minimum friction and wear at the mating tooth – profiles. To achieve those favorable conditions, most of the gears have their tooth form based on in volute curve, which can simply be defined as Locus of a point on a straight line which is rolled on the periphery of a circle or Locus of the end point of a stretched string while its unwinding over a cylinder as indicated in Fig. General Applications of Gears Gears of various type, size and material are widely used in several machines and systems requiring positive and stepped drive. The major applications are: • Speed gear box, feed gear box and some other kinematic units of machine tools • Speed drives in textile, jute and similar machineries • Gear boxes of automobiles • Speed and / or feed drives of several metal forming machines • Machineries for mining, tea processing etc. • Large and heavy duty gear boxes used in cement industries, sugar industries, cranes, conveyors etc. -
Analytical Investigation of the Pericyclic Variable
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Aerospace Engineering ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PERICYCLIC VARIABLE-SPEED TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR HELICOPTER MAIN-GEARBOX A Dissertation in Aerospace Engineering by Zihni Burçay Sarıbay © 2009 Zihni Burçay Sarıbay Submitted in Partial Fulfillments of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2009 The dissertation of Zihni Burçay Sarıbay was reviewed and approved * by the following: Edward C. Smith Professor of Aerospace Engineering Dissertation Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee Suren Rao Senior Scientist, Applied Research Laboratory Dissertation Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee Robert C. Bill Research Associate Dissertation Co-Advisor Special member Kon-Well Wang William E. Diefenderfer Chaired Professor in Mechanical Engineering Dissertation Co-Advisor Joseph Horn Professor of Aerospace Engineering Liming Chang Professor of Mechanical Engineering George A. Lesieutre Professor of Aerospace Engineering Head of the Department of Aerospace Engineering *Signatures are on file at the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT In the recent years, there has been significant interest in the new developments and improvements of the rotorcraft transmission systems. The main goal of the rotorcraft transmission research is the reduction of overall gear train weight while maintaining the efficiency and reliability. The Pericyclic Variable-Speed Transmission (PVT) System is one of the potential candidates of the future rotorcraft drive trains to achieve these goals. Hence, this thesis explores the feasibility of the Pericyclic Variable Speed Transmission (PVT) for rotorcraft transmissions. The contributions of this research are grouped in two main categories. These two categories are in the component level and in the system level. These contributions are originated from the analysis of the Pericyclic Variable Speed (PVT) System. -
Dynamic Chainless Bicycle
International Journal of Advance Research in Engineering, Science & Technology(IJAREST), ISSN(O):2393-9877, ISSN(P): 2394-2444, Volume 2,Issue 5, May- 2015 , Impact Factor:2.125 DYNAMIC CHAINLESS BICYCLE Mayur Linagariya1,Dignesh Savsani2 1 Mechanical Department, Noble Group Of Institute, Junagadh, [email protected] 2 Mechanical Department, Noble Group Of Institute, Junagadh, [email protected] Abstract A shaft-driven bicycle is a bicycle that uses a driven shaft instead of a chain to transmit power from the pedals to the wheel. Shaft drives were introduced over a century ago, but were mostly supplanted by chain-driven bicycles due to the gear ranges possible with sprockets and derailleur. Recently, due to advancements in internal gear technology, a small number of modern shaft-driven bicycles have been introduced. The shaft drive only needs periodic lubrication using a grease gun to keep the gears running quiet and smooth. This “chainless” drive system provides smooth, quite and efficient transfer of energy from the pedals to the rear wheel. It is attractive in look compare with chain driven bicycle. It replaces the traditional method. Keywords – Bevel Gears, Shaft drive, Dynamometer, Chainless technology, Reliable and Durable I. INTRODUCTOIN II. WORKING The shaft connected between the pair of The shaft connected between the pair of spiral spiral bevel gears. The main application of the bevel gears. The main application of the spiral spiral bevel gear is in a vehicle differential, where bevel gear is in a vehicle differential, where the the direction of drive from the drive shaft must be direction of drive from the drive shaft must be turned 90 degrees to drive the wheels.