SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España

Rabieh, M. M.; Seraj, A. A.; Gyulai, P.; Esfandiari, M. Checklist of the Boursin, 1946 of with new records and distributional data (: , ) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 41, núm. 163, septiembre, 2013, pp. 399-413 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España

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SHILAP Revta. lepid., 41 (163), septiembre 2013: 399-413 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267

Checklist of the genus Eugnorisma Boursin, 1946 of Iran with new records and distributional data (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Noctuinae)

M. M. Rabieh, A. A. Seraj, P. Gyulai & M. Esfandiari

Abstract

A checklist of 9 species and 4 subspecies of the genus Eugnorisma Boursin, 1946, in Iran, with remarks, is presented based on the literature and our research results. Furthermore 1 species and 4 subspecies are discussed, as formerly erroneously published taxons from Iran, because of misidentification or mislabeling. Two further subspecies, E. insignata leuconeura (Hampson, 1918) and E. insignata pallescens Christoph, 1893, formerly treated as valid taxons, are downgraded to mere form, both of them occurring in Iran. New data on the distribution of some species of this genus in Iran are also given. Four new records of this genus; Eugnorisma cuneiferum Varga & Ronkay, 1994, Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) pontica deserta Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998, Eugnorisma pontica anis Varga & Ronkay, 1987 and Eugnorisma enargiaris (Draudt, 1936) are reported for the first time for the Iranian noctuid fauna from Khorasan-e-Razavi province in Northeastern Iran and from the Zaghros range, provinces of Kordestan, Fars and Kohgilouyeh and Boyerahmad in Western Iran. The former dubious record without locality of Eugnorisma heuristica Varga & Ronkay, 1987 is confirmed. Illustrations of adult males and females and their genitalia are given. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eugnorisma, fauna, new record, Iran.

Lista del género Eugnorisma Boursin, 1946 de Irán con nuevos registros y datos de distribución (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Noctuinae)

Resumen

Se presenta una lista de 9 especies y 4 subespecies del género Eugnorisma Boursin, 1946, en Irán, con notas, basados sobre la literatura y en el resultado de nuestras investigaciones. Se discuten 1 especie y 4 subespecies, como taxones erróneamente publicados de Irán, por malas identificaciones o errores de etiquetaje. Son degradadas a meras formas dos antiguas subespecies, E. insignata leuconeura (Hampson, 1918) y E. insignata pallescens Christoph, 1893, tratadas anteriormente como taxones válidos; ambos se encuentran en Irán. También se dan nuevos datos de distribución de algunas especies de este género en Irán. Se citan por primera vez, cuatro nuevos registros de este género; Eugnorisma cuneiferum Varga & Ronkay, 1994, Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) pontica deserta Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998, Eugnorisma pontica anis Varga & Ronkay, 1987 y Eugnorisma enargiaris (Draudt, 1936), para la fauna de noctuidos iraníes de la provincia de Khorasan-e-Razavi en el noreste de Irán y de las montañas Zaghros, provincias de Kordestan, Fars y Kohgilouyeh y Boyerahmad en el oeste de Irán. Se confirma el anterior registro dudoso sin localidad, de Eugnorisma heuristica Varga & Ronkay, 1987. Se dan ilustraciones de los adultos machos y hembras y de sus genitalias. PALABRAS CLAVE: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eugnorisma, fauna, nuevos registros, Irán.

Introduction

The genus Eugnorisma was first defined by Boursin in 1946 for a group of species of the

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M. M. RABIEH, A. A. SERAJ, P. GYULAI & M. ESFANDIARI

subfamily Noctuinae previously mentioned mostly as genera Hübner, [1813] 1816 and Hübner, [1821] 1816 and designated E. insignata (Lederer, 1853) as type species. VARGA & RONKAY (1987) introduced subgenus Metagnorisma and separated four distinct species groups; chaldaica, coryphaea, trigonica and insignata on the basis of the external and genitalic characters regarding them as monophyletic clades. Currently, the Palaearctic genus Eugnorisma includes 27 species (since a few of them have been removed to the newly erected, closely allied genera Sinognorisma, Protognorisma, Anagnorisma, Schizognorisma) (VARGA & RONKAY, 1994; VARGA, RONKAY & GYULAI, 1995; GYULAI & RONKAY, 2006; RONKAY & VARGA, 1999), beside the closely allied Sinognorisma (one species), Anagnorisma (four species), Protognorisma (four species), Schisognorisma (two species). The members of the genus Eugnorisma are relatively small to moderately large (25-28 to 36-39 mm); antennae of males more or less ciliate but not pectinate, frons is usually semiglobular and smooth. The shape of palpi normal, the third joint more or less pointed, laterally with dark scales and hairs; the proboscis is moderately long. The thorax is usually strong, the tegulae are normal, not strongly marked; the abdomen is usually covered by long hairs but without dorsal abdominal tufts or crests (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). This genus is characterized by the smooth, bulbous frons and only three rows of spines on the mid legs. The main features of the male and female genitalia are cited below mostly from the comprehensive work of VARGA & RONKAY (1987), as this is the best characterization of the Eugnorisma. In the male genitalia, the uncus is strong, more or less long and curved, sometimes pointed or medially dilated, in one special case spatulate (conformis). The tegumen is relatively wide, usually high, the valvae are generally broad and elongate, without corona, cucullus and clavus; the harpe is strong, often curved, elongate or sword-like, its basis is wide, with a characteristic outer edge or outer processus. The valvae have -with the exception of the subgenus Metagnorisma species- pollex and apical costal lobe. The sacculus is symmetricale, normal, without processes, fultura inferior wide, often with apical processes or medial crest(s). Vinculum is strong, V-shaped, saccus small and membranous. The size and shape of the aedeagus is highly variegated in the genus. The dorsal surface of the distal part is usually strongly sclerotized, in most cases forms a slightly convex, dentate shield. In a special group of species (chaldaica and spodia) this shield reverted to a large ventral hook. In two groups of species this plate may be reduced -in a convergent way- to a slightly sclerotized, smooth or only minutely dentated lamina. The vesica is conspicuously (probably synapomorphic) uniform in the whole genus, this structure serves as a most important evidence for the phylogenetic coherence of the genus. The vesica consists of two main parts: a large, spacious sac that is often elongated, sometimes recurved and a slender, often short diverticulum, originating close to sinus penis and terminated in a small, not bulbed cornutus. The large sac has a more or less expanded spinulose field near to ductus ejaculatorius consisting of tiny spiculi which can be erected from the membrane during eversion. This field forms in some cases a pocket-like pouch (eminens, chaldaica, ignoratum, spodia) and also in a somewhat different manner in the insignata-conformis pair of species. In the female genitalia, papillae anales slightly sclerotized, short and usually wide, rounded or triangular, gonapophyses rather short. The configuration of ductus bursae is considerably different in the two subgenera similarly to the structure of the ostium. The species of subgenus Eugnorisma have very strong ostium and ductus bursae, the latter is usually plicate, folded or/and reflexed, while in the subgenus Metagnorisma they are generally less sclerotized, ductus bursae sometimes with stronger laminae laterally, ostium may be membranous, or more or less sclerotized. The apex bursae is strong and usually strongly rugulose, arcuate or retroflexed in the subgenus Eugnorisma while in subgenus Metagnorisma it is not or only very slightly separated from the corpus bursae. The bursa copulatrix is elliptical or rounded, more or less large and wide, in the subgenus Metagnorisma with signa (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). BIENERT (1870) was the first who reported a species of the genus Eugnorisma from Iran in his checklist of Lepidoptera of Iran: insignata Lederer from North of the country. HAMPSON (1903) noted materials of Lycophotia insignata from Iran (Persia) in the collection of the British

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Museum. BRANDT (1941) also reported two species of the genus Eugnorisma as Rhyacia eminens Lederer and R. insignata Lederer, after his expeditions in 1937-38 to Iran. Afterwards, EBERT & HACHER (2002), in the results of Ebert's expeditions in 1970s to Iran, reported 7 species and subspecies from this genus. In 2006, a new species (E. persago) was described from Iran by GYULAI & RONKAY. Up to now, 16 Eugnorisma taxa have been reported from Iran (see. BRANDT, 1941; VARGA & RONKAY, 1987; FIBIGER, 1990; HACHER, 1990; EBERT & HACHER, 2002, WIESER & STANGELMAIER, 2005 and GYULAI & RONKAY, 2006). Here we report four noctuid taxa, Eugnorisma cuneiferum Varga and Ronkay, 1994, Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) pontica deserta Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998, Eugnorisma pontica anis Varga & Ronkay, 1987 and Eugnorisma enargiaris (Draudt, 1936) as new records for the fauna of Iran, with illustrations of their adult males and females and genitalia as well as notes on their bionomy and distribution. Furthermore, new data on the distribution in the Iranian provinces for some other Eugnorisma species are presented.

Turkey Turkmenistan Caspian Sea

Iraq Afghanistan

Saudi Arabia

Persian Gulf Oman Sea

Fig. 1.– Collecting localities of new Eugnorisma records in Iran’s map: : E. enargiaris, : E. pontica deserta, 3: E. cuneiferum, *: E. pontica anis. : 1. West Azerbaijan; 2. East Azerbaijan; 3. Ardebil; 4. Kordestan; 5. Zanjan; 6. Gilan; 7. Qazvin; 8. Alborz; 9. Tehran; 10. Kermanshah; 11. Hamedan; 12. Markazi; 13. Mazandaran; 14. Golestan; 15. Khorasan-e-Shomali; 16. Ilam; 17. Lorestan; 18. Qom; 19. Semnan; 20. Khorasan- e-Razavi; 21. Esfehan; 22. Khuzestan; 23. Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari; 24. Kohkiluye va Boyer-Ahmad; 25. Yazd; 26. Knorasan-e-Jonoubi; 27. Kerman; 28. Fars; 29. Bushehr; 30. Sistan va Balouchestan; 31. Hormozgan.

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Material and Methods

Collectings were made during 2010-2012, mostly from Khorasan-e-Razavi province in NE Iran, Khuzestan and Fars provinces in SW Iran (Fig. 1). Night samplings were carried out by using a generator driven mercury-vapour (MV) lamp (150 watt) which was placed inside a white tent about 1.8 m in height and/or a 8 watt UVB tube light. Materials were deposited in the and Mite Collection of Ahvaz (IMCA), Plant Protection Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran. Also, some of the material examined and mentioned in this publication, belongs to P. Gyulai’s private collection (Hungary) which have been collected by him and his wife during their eight expeditions to all the provinces of Iran, with the exception of Hormozgan, between 2000 and 2006. Species and subspecies are listed alphabetically. New records for Iran are marked with an asterisk in the text.

Genus Eugnorisma Boursin, 1946 Subgenus Eugnorisma Boursin, 1946

Eugnorisma chaldaica (Boisduval, 1840) Orthosia chaldaica Boisduval, 1840, Gen. Index meth. Europ. Lep.: 140. Eugnorisma caerulea Wagner, 1932, Int. ent. Z., 26: 141. Eugnorisma buraki Koçak, 1983, Priamus, 3: 41 Type locality: Rossia merid. Distribution: Central and Eastern Anatolia, Armenia, Daghestan, Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan Afghanistan Usbekistan (Margelan), Kyrgyzstan (Issyk-kul), Mongolia (Altai Mountains), Russia (Tarbagatai, Sarepta, Ural, Semirethsje, Saratov, Saisan), Kazakhstan (Altai) (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987; HACHER, 1990; EBERT & HACHER, 2002). Distribution in Iran: Tehran, Markazi, Alborz (Karaj) (EBERT & HACHER, 2002) and Kerman (SHIRVANI, 2008). In all the mountainous ranges of Iran; its subendemic ssp. restricted to the Zaghros chains (see below). The most common species, being on the wing from the middle of July (rare in that season) to the end of October. A vast amount of material was studied with genital checking as well, to clarify the taxonomical position of the Iranian populations, which had not been done in former publications. As a result of our survey, it can be clearly stated that the NW Iranian populations (occurring in Azerbaijan: Miyaneh, Bostanabad, etc.) represent the nominotypical subspecies, with a question mark toward the high Alborz. But most of the Iranian populations (most parts of the Alborz, the whole Zaghros range and the central desert mountains: Yazd environment) belong to ssp. isabellina, see below. Remarks: VARGA & RONKAY (1994) designated the lectotype as a result of this designation; caerulea Wagner, 1932 must be considered as junior subjective synonym of chaldaica and the species, mentioned regularly as “chaldaica”, had to be described as new for science. A further advantage of this of doing so is the fall of buraki Kocak, 1983 into synonymy, too, avoiding the longer controversy for the use of caerulea or buraki in previous literature. The valid name of the former chaldaica is now E. ignoratum Varga and Ronkay, 1994.

Eugnorisma chaldaica isabellina Varga & Ronkay, 1987 Eugnorisma caerulea isabellina Varga & Ronkay, 1987, Acta zool. hung., 33(1-2): 210. Type locallity: Bala-vi-Taq, W Iran. Distribution: Iran (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). Distribution in Iran: This is the most common Eugnorisma in the Zaghros in autumn. We collected this subspecies in Zaghros as follows: : Babameidan, 1000 m., 1 1 and 1 0, 15-IX-2011; Tange bolhayat, 1 0, 29-IX-2011 and Sepidan, 2300 m., 1 0, 21-VII-2011; Khuzestan province: Mal Agha, 1100 m., 1 1, 16-X-2011; 1 0, 2-XI-2011. It is the typical ssp. of the Zaghros, however, it has been reported by VARGA & RONKAY (1987) from Alborz Mts. (Tehran: Damavand and Darband) and from Kermanshah in W Zaghros, as well. As we have mentioned above, the exact distribution pattern in the Alborz range of the ssp. chaldaica and ssp. isabellina is not known yet.

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Eugnorisma chaldaica kurdistana Hacker, Kuhna & Gross, 1986 Eugnorisma kurdistana Hacker, Kuhna & Gross, 1986, Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges., 76: 89. Type locality: Bingöl, Turkey. Distribution: Turkish, Kurdestan (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). Remarks: MUHABBET et al. (2007) mentioned this subspecies in the list of Iranian noctuid species based on the literature review. We couldn’t find any such record in the literature. Moreover, Gyulai has never found it on the Iranian side, although he collected about 800 chaldaica in Iran. The range of this ssp. is restricted to SE Turkey only; most of the authentic data are from the Van Lake. The Iranian data are probably based on the misidentification of the E. chaldaica isabellina.

Eugnorisma cuneiferum Varga & Ronkay, 1994 Eugnorisma cuneiferum Varga & Ronkay, 1994, Acta zool. hung., 40(1): 93. Type locality: Turkmenistan. Adult male and female: figs. 2: 1-2; male genitalia: figs. 3: 1-2, female genitalia: fig. 4: 1. Material examined: Iran, Prov. Khorasan-e-Razavi: Ghuchan, 1675 m., 37º 14‘ 52“ N 58º 28‘ 37“ E, 2 11, 1 0, 07-IX-2010 (M. M. Rabieh); Iran, Prov. Khorasan-e-Razavi: Binaloud, Akhlamad, 1550 m., 36º 35‘ 52“ N 58º 55‘ 07“ E, 4 11, 07-IX-2010 (M. M. Rabieh); Iran, Prov. Khorasan-e-Razavi: Binaloud, 2507 m., 36º 28‘ 56“ N 59 46‘ 17“ E, 2 11 and 1 0, 10-IX-2012 (M. M. Rabieh). A large series in the Tandure NP near Jewenly in Khorasan-e-Razavi in 2000, some in the Jowzak in Khorasan- e-Shomali in 2006 (et coll. P. Gyulai). New to Iran. Description: Wingspan 33-42 mm. Head and thorax light ash-grey with dark grey-brownish hair- scales. Forewing almost unicolorous, light, shining grey, suffused with brownish and ochreous-grey; medial part sometimes with more dark irroration. Ante- and postmedial lines double, pale or obsolescent, dark grey-brown. Medial line reduced, subterminal and interrupted, diffuse, slightly wavy brownish shadow. Orbicular stigma flattened and oblique, encircled with whitish, its greyish filling sometimes with a fine reddish shade. Reniform paler, its outline incomplete, filled with ground colour; claviform absent or a small patch of brownish scales. Intracellular spots black with some bronze iridescence, basal one typically cuneate, medial one triangular, sometimes with lighter scales on upper part. Terminal line ochreous-whitish, cilia grey. Hindwing shining whitish suffused with ochreous-grey, inner margin with scarce brownish hairs and scales. Veins and marginal area finely covered with brownish-grey, terminal line a row of brownish arches; cilia light grey-brownish (VARGA & RONKAY, 1994) (Figs. 2: 1-2). The male genitalia is generally similar to E. puengeleri Varga & Ronkay, 1987, but valvae are broader and medially slightly dilated, the harpe has a more even, moderate curving and the diverticulum of the vesica is larger and characteristically arcuate with another orientation than in E. puengeleri. The very finely dentate plate of carina is unique in this species group. Uncus slender and moderately long, tegumen high, fultura inferior moderately elongate, rounded plate with a weakly expressed medial crest, vinculum strong, elongate. Aedaeagus very long and slender, moderately curved. Compared with E. tamerlana Hampson, 1903, differences are evident in the shape of valvae and aedeagus, the size and form of vesica and its diverticulum (VARGA & RONKAY, 1994) (Figs. 3:1-2). In the female genitalia, gonapophyses short and weakly sclerotized, ostium bursae well sclerotized, broad and quadrangular, ductus bursae broad and flattened, proximally constricted and characteristically folded. Apex bursae extremely large, ample, moderately curved and rugulose, corpus bursae huge (VARGA & RONKAY, 1994). Remarks: It is endemic to the northern chains of the Kopet-Dagh Mountains, Turkmenistan (VARGA & RONKAY, 1994) and to the Southern Kopet Dagh in Khorasan. The Ala Dagh Mts. in Khorasan-e-Shomali can be also considered as a possible habitat of this species. We collected this species for the first time from the Iranian part of Kopet-Dagh, the western and southern lower regions of these mountains. Locally it can be common and it is on the wing from the end of August. The adults are attracted to light trap. The early stages and bionomics are unknown in Iran and elsewhere.

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Eugnorisma eminens (Lederer, 1855) eminens Lederer, 1855, Verh. zool -bot. Ges. Wien, 5: 106. Agrotis excellens Staudinger, 1867, Stettin. ent. Ztg., 28:107. Type locality: Altai Mountains. Distribution: Eastern Turkey, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, NW China, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan (in the two former countries only the ssp. clarior), Altai Mountains (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). One of the most wide-ranged Eugnorisma species, which is mostly frequent in the arid mountainous ranges from Anatolia to Central Asia. Distribution in Iran: Khorasan-e-Razavi (Binaloud), Tehran (Damavand) (BRANDT, 1941; VARGA, 1975 and VARGA & RONKAY, 1987), Mazandaran (Firuzkuh) (WIESER & STANGELMAIER, 2005). We collected 12 11 and 10 00 of this species on 07-IX-2010 in the Kopet- Dagh Mountains (1670 m) and 9 11 and 8 00 on 10-IX-2012 in the Binaloud (2507 m). During his expeditions to Iran, Gyulai found it as a widely distributed and locally frequent species in the mountainous ranges; a large series is deposited in his collection. Remarks: This xeromontane (arid-semiarid) species is widespread in the mountain ranges of Near and Middle East, but usually not in lowland steppes and semi deserts. Originally E. eminens was first described from the Altai Mountains (HACKER & MIATLEUSKI, 2001).

Eugnorisma eminens clarior Varga, 1975 Eugnorisma eminens clarior Varga, 1975, Z. ArbGem. Öst. Ent., 27(1-2): 12. Type locality: Khurd-Kabul, Afghanistan. Distribution: Afghanistan (VARGA, 1975). VARGA (1975) examined E. eminens from N Iran (Damavand), but did not include them into the type series. The type series only include specimens from Afghanistan. We mention this subspecies, because it can exist in the Binaloud Mts., Khorasan.

Eugnorisma insignata (Lederer, 1853) Graphophora insignata Lederer, 1853, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 3: 366. intermedia Eversmann, 1855, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 28(3-4): 421. Agrotis insignata columbina Draudt, 1936, Ent. Rdsch., 53: 467. Type-locality: Altai Mountains. Distribution: A widely distributed species occurring from Asia Minor (Anatolia), the Levante (Syria) to Central Asia (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987), Turkey, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Caucasus, Armenia, Turkestan and Central Asia (FIBIGER, 1990). The northernmost data we have from the S- Ural, the easternmost from Mongolia. Distribution in Iran: Tehran (Damavand), Kermanshah (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987), Central and SE of Iran (HACKER, 1990), Khorasan-e-Shomali (Sulgerd) (WIESER & STANGELMAIER, 2005), Kerman (Shirvani, 2008). We collected it from Khorasan-e-Razavi: Binaloud, 1560 m., 11 11 and 16 00, 15-VII-2010; Binaloud, 2507 m., 10-IX-2012; Kopet-Dagh Mountains, 1675 m., 07-09-2010; Khuzestan province: Mal Agha, 1100 m., 3 11 and 3 00, 16-X-2011; More than 15 ex. from each of the following localities in Fars province: Sepidan, 2300 m., 21-VII-2011; Sivand, 1700 m., 18-XII- 2011; Kamfiruz, 1700 m., 25-VIII-2011; Tange bolhayat, 1300 m., 29-IX-2011; Babameidan, 1000 m., 15-IX-2011; Noujin, 800 m., 20-X-2011 and Farashband: 1700 m., 13-X-2011. During his expeditions, Gyulai found it as the most widely distributed Eugnorisma in Iran, occurring everywhere, with the exception of the larger agricultural area, the true desert regions and the southern sea shore. It is the typical member of the autumnal fauna, but it appears in the cooler, higher mountainous ranges in July, as well. Remarks: We believe that subspecies E. insignata leuconeura (Hampson, 1918) and E. insignata columbina (Draudt, 1936) could be only forms and not ssp. VARGA & RONKAY (1987) stated that E. insignata is a very variable species but at that time they accepted leuconeura as a distinct ssp.

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However, it is impossible from a zoogeographical point of view that a species and its ssp. cover partially the same area. Within its large area, E. insignata is known in many forms differing externally in the ground colour (from the bluish, rarely blackish -especially in Azerbaijan-, to almost chalkwhite in the Southern Ural) with very variable forewing pattern. Rather large individual variability in the male and female genital morphology is also recognizable. This was the reason, that certain insignata populations were separated and described as different subspecies. In their comprehensive work on the Eugnorisma, VARGA & RONKAY (1987) treated columbina (Draudt, 1936) as a form only, but they kept leuconeura (Hampson, 1918) and pallescens (Christoph, 1893) at subspecific rank. In a personal communication recently with L. Ronkay by the third author of this publication, Mr. Ronkay suggested that -after study of the vast materials collected in the last years- both of them are mere forms of insignata and he expressed his opinion in the book of LÖDL et al., 2012. We believe also, that the maintance of leuconeura as a ssp. is not reasonable, both from a zoogeographical point of view (no well- encompassable range), and because of the instability of the external and genital features. Although in Iran mostly this form occurs - with the exception of the NE parts-“typical” insignata and form columbina and intermediate forms are on wing together, at the same locality and on the same night.

Eugnorisma insignata pallescens (Christoph, 1893) Agrotis insignata var. pallescens Christoph, 1893, Dt. ent. Z. Iris, 6: 90. Type locality: Askhabad. We had more hesitation on pallescens, as it can be more safely separated by the external features and seems to be have a restricted own range in Khorasan and Turkmenistan to the East. But since Gyulai collected a “typical” insignata among a large series of pallescens near Okaznev, Khorasan and also a series of individuals with intermediate external features in the Hindukush, Pakistan and considering the variability in genital morphology, we have serious doubts on its subspecific level. The former data from the C Alborz support our opinion, that intermediate forms exist and pallescens has no really well separated distributional pattern. Very probably, the research on the DNA (barcodes) of these populations will finally solve this problem.

Eugnorisma persago Gyulai & Ronkay, 2006 Eugnorisma persago Gyulai & Ronkay, 2006, Esperiana, 12: 255. Type locality: Azerbayejan, Iran. Distribution: Iran and Turkey (GYULAI & RONKAY, 2006). Distribution in Iran: Azerbayjan-e-Sharqi (Kuh-e-Qoshrud), Kordestan (Divandarre) and Esfahan (NE Semirom) (GYULAI & RONKAY, 2006). An unmistakable, very local and rare species. It exists only on ungrazed rocky slopes, with high grasslands. Externally and in its genital morphology it shows the connection to the genus .

Eugnorisma semiramis farsica (Boursin, 1940) Rhyacia semiramis farsica Boursin, 1940, Mitt. münch. ent. Ges., 30: 492. Type locality: Fars, Iran Distribution: Iran (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah, Fars (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). It has been widely distributed from western Khuzestan to Kohgilouyeh va Boyerahmad and Fars in our collectings. Remarks: This southern subspecies differs from the nominate race with its brownish ground colour and paler dark pattern of fore-wing (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). The bionomics and early stages are unknown.

Eugnorisma spodia (Püngeler, 1900) Agrotis chaldaica var. spodia Püngeler, 1900, Dt. ent. Z. Iris, 12: 289.

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Type locality: Askhabad. Distribution: SW Turkmenistan and NE Iran (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987; HACHER, 1990). Kasakhstan, Usbekistan, Tadjikistan Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Maghazy Valley, Deraznu) and Khorasan-e-Shomali (Dasht, Almeh, Sulgerd) (WIESER & STANGELMAIER, 2005). We also collected from Khorasan-e-Razavi province: Kopet-Dagh Mountains, 1670 m., 2 11 and 2 00, 07-IX-2010. Also it is a frequent species in Jowzak, Khorasan-e-Shomali (Gyulai’s coll.)

Subgenus Metagnorisma Varga and Ronkay, 1987

Eugnorisma heuristica Varga & Ronkay, 1987 Eugnorisma (Eugnorisma) heuristica Varga & Ronkay, 1987, Acta zool. hung., 33(1-2): 244. Type locality: Hakkari, Turkey. Adults male and female: figs. 2: 3-4; male genitalia: figs. 3: 3-4; female genitalia fig. 4: 3. Distribution: East Anatolia, Armenia (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987) and Iran. Distribution in Iran: The first and checked (genital slide no. 3102 Gyulai, but it has never been published) short series (3 11 and 2 00) of this fine species known from the higher Central Alborz, near Azad Ber (leg. and coll. P. Gyulai). A local, generally rare species, the single known Iranian population is isolated by a wide gap from the East Anatolians. It has never been found in NW Iran, in spite of intensive research, but its occurrence is not impossible in the higher parts of the humid but warm, rocky, bushy slopes. MUHABBET et al. (2007) listed this species in the Iranian noctuid species based on literature review. We couldn’t find any such record in the literature; therefore these are the first confirmed records from Iran.

Eugnorisma enargiaris (Draudt, 1936) Xestia enargiaris (Draudt, 1936), Ent. Rdsch., 53: 469. Type locality: Marasch, Turkey. Adults male and female: figs. 2: 5-6; male genitalia: figs. 3: 5-6, female genitalia: fig. 4: 2. Material examined: More than one hundred specimens have been collected in the localities of the provinces mentioned below by P. Gyulai and his wife for the first time in Iran and recently by T. Hácz, deposited in the private coll. of P. Gyulai. Identification: Wingspan 32-37 mm. Head, thorax and fore wing yellowish with some orange shade. Pattern of fore wing pale or obsolescent, orange-brown. Subbasal line deleted, antemedial and postmedial lines double, orbicular spot large, oblique, more or less quadrangular, joined with reniform stigma, subterminal line obsolescent, slightly sinuous. Veins of wing covered with orange- brown. Hind wing white, terminal line ochreous brown, cilia whitish with very pale line at middle (Fig. 2: 5-6). In the male genitalia, uncus relatively long and slender, tegumen wide, fultura inferior quadrangular with apical processus, vinculum strong and relatively long. Valvae elongate, apex slightly pointed, apical lobe absent. Pollex elongate, triangular, pointed. Harpe relatively short and thick, slightly arcuate, its basis strong with rounded outer edge. Aedoeagus long, distal dorsal lamina strong with large teeth. Vesica everted ventrally, spacious, spinulose field relatively small, diverticulum and cornutus absent (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). (Figs 3:5-6). In the female genitalia, papillae anales wide, gonapophyses relatively long. Ostium bursae quadrangular, ductus bursae rather short, strongly sclerotized, proximally folded. Apex bursae small, finely rugulose or plicate, corpus bursae large, heart-shaped, without signa (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987) (Fig. 4: 2). Distribution: Iran as well as Middle and Eastern Anatolia. Distribution in Iran: Western Iran, restricted to the Zaghros range, from Kordestan in the North in rather moderate altitude, 1400-1600 m., to Fars and Kohgilouyeh va Boyerahmad in the South in higher

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altitude, 2100-3000 m. Locally it can be common, typical habitats are the ungrazed, rocky places with high grasslands. New to Iran.

Eugnorisma pontica (Staudinger, 1892) Agrotis depuncta var. pontica Staudinger, 1891, Dt. ent. Z. Iris, 4(2): 266. Agrotis depuncta var. pontica ab. consenescens Staudinger, 1891, Dt. ent. Z. Iris, 4(2): 266. Type locality: Pontus, Amasia. Distribution: Ponto-Mediterranean-Asiatic. The published distribution pattern is not always detailed or exact in most of the available former publications (FIBIGER, 1990, KRAVCHENKO et al. 2007, etc.). To our recent knowledge, pontica (including all its subspecies) is recorded from the S Carpathians, SE Europe, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia (?), Turkey, the Levant, Iran, Iraq and Turkmenistan. Distribution in Iran: The nominotypical ssp. does not exist in Iran, although it is mentioned incorrectly from a lot of localities: Tehran, Fars, Khorasan-e-Razavi (Mashhad) (EBERT & HACHER 2002), Mazandaran (Firuzkuh) and Golestan (WIESER & STANGELMAIER, 2005). All of these data refer to one of the endemic Iranian ssp.

Eugnorisma pontica anis Varga & Ronkay, 1987 Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) pontica anis Varga & Ronkay, 1987, Acta zool. hung., 33(1-2): 242. Type locality: Geghard, Armenia. Adults male and female: figs. 2: 11-12; male genitalia: figs. 3: 9-10; female genitalia: fig. 4: 4. Material examined. Iran, Prov. Azarbayejan-e-Sharghi: Kuh-e-Qoshrud, 25 Km SE of Bostanabad to Charachaman, 1800 m., 6 11 and 3 00, 10-11-IX-2001, 10-11-IX-2001, 12-13-IX-2006 (Gyulai & Garai). Identification: Studying the populations of E. pontica from NW Iran, it was recognised, that they do not overlap in external and genital features with ssp. zaghros, but rather are the same or very close to ssp. anis. Therefore, we treat them provisionally as ssp. anis. Wingspan is 25-39 mm, but most of the specimens are 32-35 mm. Ground colour of the thoracic tuft and forewings is light reddish brown with slight pinkish shade, but that of most of the females is rosy brown, particularly in the medial field. This ground colour is distinctive from all of the described subspecies of pontica, especially from that of the yellowish shaded ssp. zaghros. The antemedian line almost evenly thin, black, the subterminal darkened reddish brown. The diffuse marginal suffusion of hindwing is light brown. The male genitalia is practically almost the same as that of typical pontica and simple with individual variability, therefore the recognizable differences are the more spatulate valva and the somewhat longer harpe, the rather slight subterminal spinulose field of the vesica; in any case the differences between the ssp. of pontica are very slight. In the female genitalia, the main distinctive features from the other ssp., are the different sclerotisation pattern in the wall of vesica (somewhat twisted) and the shape of the appendix bursae, which is broader terminally, but less prominent than those of the deserta and zaghros, but more prominent than that of ssp. pontica. Distribution: This ssp. was described and hitherto known only from Armenia. Distribution in Iran: NW Iran (Iranian Azarbaijan). New to Iran.

Eugnorisma pontica zaghros Varga & Ronkay, 1987 Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) pontica zaghros Varga & Ronkay, 1987, Acta zool. hung., 33(1-2): 242. Type locality: Qasr-e-Shirin, W Iran. Adults males figs. 2: 7-8; male genitalia: figs. 3: 11-12; female genitalia: fig. 4: 5. Distribution: North and SW Iran (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah, Tehran (Damavand) (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987), Kordestan, Fars, Kohgilouyeh va Boyerahmad (Gyulai’s col.) In Fars province, we collected from Tange bolhayat,

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1300 m., 2 00, 29-IX-2011 and Babameidan, 1000 m., 1 1 and 1 0, 15-IX-2011. Also it was found at Malaqa in Khuzestan in autumn. Remarks: Specimens from Alborz Mts. are somewhat reddish and with more extensive darker pattern compared to specimens from Zaghros Mts. (Fig. 2: 8), but we were not able to find standard differences in the genital structure, corresponding to the opinion of VARGA & RONKAY (1998). The bionomics and early stages are unknown.

Eugnorisma pontica deserta Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998 Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) pontica deserta Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998, Acta zool. hung., 44(3): 244. Type locality: Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan. Adults male and female: fig. 2: 7-8; male genitalia: fig. 3: 7-8; female genitalia fig. 4: 6. Material examined: Iran, Prov. Khorasan-e-Razavi: Binaloud, 1560 m., 36 09’ 03” N 59 27’ 20” E, 1 1, 15-VII-2010 (M. M. Rabieh). A large series in Jowzak (Khorasan-e-Shomali) in 2000. (P. Gyulai’s coll.). Identification: Wingspan 38-41 mm, length of forewing 17-19 mm. Head and thorax brown, abdomen slightly lighter. Forewing elongate broad, ground colour light ochreous brown, hazel brown, brown, sometimes with dark brown medial field, on certain specimens with fine light grayish shade. Subbasal line two dark spots, basal field with ochreous covering. Antemedial line oblique double pale brown outer side with three dark blackish brown spots from costa to claviform spot. Orbicular spot large reniform spot elliptical, their outlines fine whitish grey their filling light lead grey. Medial line an obsolescent wide, diffuse shadow, postmedial line double, slightly sinuous with a small dark spot on inner side at costa (Fig. 2: 7-8). Subterminal line double outer side ochreous inner side reddish-brown; with a dark grey triangular spot at costa. Terminal field covered with lead-grey, terminal line ochreous with fine blackish triangular spots on inner side; cilia brownish with two lighter medial lines. Hind wing ochreous grey, marginal field somewhat darker, cilia whitish grey. Underside of wings light brownish with ochreous shine, nearly patternless, only pale shadows of transversal line and a reniform spot can be observed. This subspecies strongly differs from the other races with its darker hind wing, this character resembling E. depuncta, but with larger size and essentially larger valvae and with very large spinulose field of vesica (Fig. 3: 7-8) (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987). Remarks: This subspecies is the easternmost subspecies of E. pontica. Occurs in Turkmenia (Askhabad) (VARGA & RONKAY, 1987) and in NE Iran (Khorasan). The early stages are unknown. New to Iran.

Acknowledgment

All supports provided by Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz are greatly appreciated. The authors also sincerely thank Mr. Alireza Rabieh for his kind help during field works and Mrs. Gyulai Adrienne Garai for her kind help to her husband during their Iranian expeditions. This study was supported by Iran National Science Foundation (INSF).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIENERT, T., 1870.– Lepidopterologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Persien in den Jahren 1858 und 1859: 56 pp. Diss. Inaug., Leipzig Universitat. BOISDUVA, J. A., 1840.– Genera et Index methodicus Europaeorum Lepidopterorum: 238 pp. Parisiis. BOURSIN, CH., 1940.– Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Agrotidae-Trifinae XXIII. Neue palaearktische Arten und formen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Autophila Hb.– Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 30: 474-543. BOURSIN, CH., 1946.– Trois nouveaux genres palearctiques de la sous-famille des Agrotinae.– Revue Française de Lépidoptèrologie, 10(11-12): 186.

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BOURSIN, CH., 1954.– Die „Agrotis“-Arten aus Dr. h.c. H. Hone‘s China - Ausbeuten (Beitrag zur Fauna Sinica). (Beitrage mr Kenntnis der Agrotidae-Trifinae, LXIX).– Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 5 (3-4): 213-309. BRANDT, W., 1941.– Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran (3). Neue Agrotiden nebst Faunenverzeichnissen.– Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 31: 835-863. CHRISTOPH, H., 1893.– Lepidoptera Nova Faunae Palaearcticae.– Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 6: 86-96. DRAUDT, M., 1936.– Neue Arten und Formen von Noctuiden.– Entomologische Rundschau, 53: 457-462, 465-471, 490-493. EBERT, G. & HACKER, H. H., 2002.– Beitrag zur Fauna der Noctuidae des Iran: Verzeichnis der Bestände im Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, taxonomische Bemerkungen und Beschreibung neuer Taxa (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera).– Esperiana, 9: 237-409. EVERSMANN, E. F., 1855-1857.– Les Noctuelites de la Russie.– Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 28(3-4): 313-427. FIBIGER, M., 1990.– Noctuinae I.– Noctuidae Europaeae, 1: 208 pp. Entomological Press, Sorø. FIBIGER, M. & LAFONTAINE, J. D., 2005.– A review of the higher classification of the (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna.– Esperiana, 11: 7-92. GYULAI, P. & RONKAY, L., 2006.– New Noctuidae taxa from Iran and Turkey (Lepidoptera).– Esperiana, 12: 255-266. HACKER, H. H., 1990.– Die Noctuidae Vorderasiens (Lepidoptera), Systematische Liste mit einer Übersicht über die Verbreitung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fauna der Türkei (einschlielich der Nachbargebiete Balkan, Südruland, Westtukestan, Arabische Halbinsel, Ägypten).– Neue Entomologischen Nachrichten, 27: 1-707. HACKER, H., KUHNA, P. & GROSS, F.–J., 1986.– 4. Beitrag zur Erfassung der Noctuidae der Türkei. Beschreibung neuer Taxa, Erkenntnisse zur Systematik der kicinasiatischen Arten und faunistisch bemerkenswerte Funde aus den Aufsammlungen von GROSS und KUHNA aus den Jahren 1968-1984. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae).– Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 76: 79-141. HACKER, H. H. & MIATLEUSKI, J., 2001.– Noctuidae from the European part of Kazakhstan with first records of seven species for the European Fauna (Lepidoptera).– Esperiana, 8: 811-824. HAMPSON, G. F., 1903.– Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 3: xiv+ 689 pp. Taylor & Francis, London. HAMPSON, G. F., 1918.– Descriptions of new genera and species of Amatidae, Lithosidae, and Noctuidae.– Novitates Zoologicae, 25: 93-217. KOÇAK, A. Ö., 1983.– More notes on the homonymy of the specific names of Lepidoptera.– Priamus, 3: 41-42. KRAVCHENKO, V. D., FIBIGER, M., HAUSMANN A. & MÜLLER, G. C., 2007.– The Lepidoptera of Israel. Noctuidae, 2: 320 pp. Pensoft Series, Moscow. LEDERER, G., 1853.– Lepidopterologishes aus Sibirien.– Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien, 3: 351-386. LEDERER, G., 1855.– Beitrag zur Schmetterlings-Fauna des Altaigebirges in Sibirien.– Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien, 5: 97-120. LÖDL, M., GAAL-HASZLER, S., JOVANOVIC-KRUSPEL, S., RONKAY, G., RONKAY, L. & ZOLTÁN, V., 2012.– The Vartian Collection. Part I Noctuoidea.– Fibigeriana, 1: 1-303. MUHABBET, K., SEVEN, S. & KOCAK, A. Ö., 2007.– List of the Irano-Anatolian Noctuidae with some faunal and zoogeographical remarks based upon the Info-System of the Cesa (Lepidoptera).– Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara, Priamus Supplement, 9: 1-88. PUNGELER, R., 1900.– Neue Macrolepidopteren aus Central-Asien.– Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 12: 288-299. RONKAY, L., VARGA, Z. & HREBLAY, M., 1998.– Twenty two new species and six new subspecies of Noctuidae from Turkmenistan and adjacent regions (Lepidoptera).– Acta Zoologica Academiae Sciantiarum Hungaricae, 44(3): 205-281. RONKAY, L. & VARGA, Z., 1999.– Revision of the genus Eugnorisma Boursin, 1946, part V. New genera and species of the Eugnorisma genus group from Pakistan and China (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).– Acta Zoologica Academiae Sciantiarum Hungaricae, 45(4): 343-371. SHIRVANI, A., 2008.– Identification and zoogeographical distribution of Noctuinae, and Plusiinae (Lep.: Noctuidae) in parts of south and southeastern of Iran: 193 pp. PhD Dissertation. Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran.

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STAUDINGER, O., 1867.– Einige neue Lepidopteren (sämmtlieh aus der Sammlung des verstorbenen O. Grüner).– Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 28: 100-110. STAUDINGER, O., 1981.– Neue Arten und varietaten von Lepidopteren der paleerktischen faunengebiets.– Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 4(2): 224-339. VARGA, Z., 1975.– Neue Noctuiden aus der sammlung Vartian (Wien), I. (Lep., Noctuidae, Noctuinae).– Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 27(1-2): 1-15. VARGA, Z. & RONKAY, L., 1987.– Revision of the genus Eugnorisma Boursin, 1946 (Lepidoptera: Noctuinae).– Acta Zoologica Academiae Sciantiarum Hungaricae, 33(1-2): 187-262. VARGA, Z. & RONKAY, L., 1994.– Additional notes with the description of a new species and redescription of two misidentified species (Lep.: Noctuidae). Revision of the genus Eugnorisma Boursin. 1940, III.– Acta Zoologica Academiae Sciantiarum Hungaricae, 40: 87-97. VARGA, Z., RONKAY, L. & GYULAI, P., 1995.– New taxa from the Eugnorisma- generic complex (Lep.: Noctuidae).– Acta Zoologica Academiae Sciantiarum Hungaricae, 41: 63-70. WAGNER, F., 1932.– Beitrag zur Lepidopteren fauna inner anatoliens.– Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, 26: 141-167. WIESER, C. & STANGELMAIER, G., 2005.– Zwischenergebnisse einer lepidopterologischen Forschungsreise in den Nordiran, Oktober 2003 (Insecta: Lepidoptera).– Carinthia, 2(195-115): 659-674.

*M. M. R. A. A. S. Department of Plant Protection Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture College of Agriculture Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Postal Code: 61357-43311 Postal Code: 61357-43311 Ahvaz Ahvaz IRÁN / IRAN IRÁN / IRAN E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

P. G. M. E. Mélyvölgy, 13/A Department of Plant Protection H-3530 Miskolc College of Agriculture HUNGRÍA / HUNGARY Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz E-mail: [email protected] Postal Code: 61357-43311 Ahvaz IRÁN / IRAN E-mail:[email protected]

*Autor para la correspondencia / Corresponding author

(Recibido para publicación / Received for publication 19-X-2012) (Revisado y aceptado / Revised and accepted 30-XII-2012) (Publicado / Published 30-IX-2013)

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Fig. 2.– Adults of some Iranian species of Eugnorisma. 1. Male and 2. Female of E. cuneiferum; Iran, Province Khorasan-e-Razavi, leg. Rabieh. 3. Male and 4. Female of E. heuristica; Iran, Prov. Tehran, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai. 5. Male and 6. Female of E. enargiaris; Iran, Prov. Boyerahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai. 7-8. E. pontica deserta; 7. Male, Iran, Prov. Khorasan-e-Razavi, leg. Rabieh. 8. Female, Iran, Prov. Khorasan (Khorasan-e-Shomali), leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai. 9. E. pontica zaghros; male, Iran, Prov. Boyerahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai. 10. E. pontica zaghros; male, dark form, Iran, Prov. Mazandaran, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai. 11. Male and 12. Female of E. pontica anis; Iran, Azarbayejan-e- Sharghi, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai.

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Fig. 3.– Male genitalia of some Iranian species of Eugnorisma. 1-2. E. cuneiferum; Iran, Prov. Khorasan-e- Razavi, leg. Rabieh, slide No. 9. Rabieh. 3-4. E. heuristica; Iran, Prov. Tehran, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai, slide No. 3102 Gyulai. 5-6. E. enargiaris; Iran, Prov. Boyerahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai, slide No. 3114 Gyulai. 7-8. E. pontica deserta; Iran, Prov. Khorasan-e-Razavi, leg. Rabieh, slide No. 37. Rabieh. 9-10. E. pontica anis; Iran, Azarbayejan-e-Sharghi, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai, slide No. 3104 Gyulai. 11-12. E. pontica zaghros; Iran, Prov. Tehran, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai, slide No. 3103 Gyulai.

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Fig. 4.– Female genitalia of the records for Iran. 1. E. cuneiferum; Iran, Prov. Khorasan-e-Razavi, leg. Rabieh, slide No. 314 Rabieh. 2. E. enargiaris; Iran, Prov. Boyerahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai, slide No. 3113 Gyulai. 3. E. heuristica; Iran, Prov. Tehran, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai, slide No. 3141 Gyulai. 4. E. pontica anis; Iran, Azarbayejan-e-Sharghi, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai, slide No. 3115 Gyulai. 5. E. pontica zaghros; Iran, Prov. Tehran, leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai, slide No. 3112 Gyulai. 6. E. pontica deserta; Iran, Prov. Khorasan (Khorasan-e-Shomali), leg. P. Gyulai & A. Garai, slide No. 3142 Gyulai.

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