Margaret Carrel Department of Geographical & Sustainability Sciences University of Iowa 303 Jessup Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 319-335-0154 [email protected]

Education • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of -Ph.D., 2011 -M.A., 2007 • The American University, Washington, DC, School of International Service -B.A. International Communication, 2002

Academic Positions • Assistant Professor, Department of Geographical & Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, 2011-present • Assistant Professor, Department of , College of Public , University of Iowa, 2014-present

Honors and Awards • Travel Support, NSF Workshop “Challenges in Modeling the Spatial and Temporal Dimensions of the Ecology of Infectious ”, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, September 2012

• Jacques May Dissertation Award, Health & Medical Geography Specialty Group, Association of American Geographers (2012)

• J. Warren Nystrom Award Finalist, Association of American Geographers (2012)

• Graduate Research Fellowship, National Science Foundation (2008-2011)

• NSF IGERT Population-Environment Traineeship, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina (2007-2011)

• Future Faculty Fellowship Program, Center for Faculty Excellence, University of North Carolina (2009)

• Summer Research Residency Funding, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina (2006, 2008)

• International Conference Travel Grant, Graduate School, University of North Carolina (2008)

• International Internship Award, University Center for International Studies, University of North Carolina (2006)

Professional Memberships • Phi Beta Kappa

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• Association of American Geographers (AAG) • Population Association of America (PAA)

Scholarship

Peer Reviewed Publications • Carrel, M., Perencevich, E.N. & David, M.Z. Emergence and Spread of USA300 MRSA, United States, 2000-2013, From Published Reports on 33,543 Isolates. Emerging Infectious Diseases.

• Carrel, M. & Bitterman, P. (2015) Personal Belief Exemptions to Vaccination in California: A . Pediatrics. 136 (1). doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0831.

• Eko, K., Forshey, B., Carrel, M., Schweizer, M., Perencevich, E., & Smith, T. (2015) Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization and infection isolates in a Veterans Affairs hospital. ARIC. 4:10. 10.1186/s13756-015-0048-5.

• Warden, S.E., Forshey, B., Farina, S., Kates, A., Nair, R., Quick, M., Wu, J., Hanson, B., O’Malley, S., Shows, H., Heywood, E., Beane-Freeman, L., Lynch, C., Carrel, M. & Smith, T. (2015) Swine farming is a risk factor for infection with and high levels of carriage of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Infectious Diseases. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ234..

• Lund, B.C., Carrel, M., Gellad, W.F., Chrischilles, E.A. & Kaboli, P.J. (2015) Incidence- based versus prevalence-based measures of inappropriate prescribing in the Veterans Health Administration. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. In Press.

• Mosher, H.J., Krebs, E.E., Carrel, M., Kaboli, P.J., Vander Weg, M.W. & Lund, B.C. (2015) Trends in Prevalent and Incident Opioid Receipt: an Observational Study in Veterans Health Administration 2004–2012. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 30(5):597-604. 10.1007/s11606-014-3143-z.

• Carrel, M., Patel, J., Taylor, S., Janko, M., Mwandagalirwa, M., Tshefu, A., Escalante, A., et al. (2015) The geography of malaria genetics in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a complex and fragmented landscape. Social Science & Medicine. 133: 233-241. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.037.

• Carrel, M., Eron, J.J., Emch, M. & Hurt, C.B. (2014) Spatial epidemiology of recently acquired HIV infections across rural and urban areas of North Carolina. PLoS ONE. 9(2): e88512.

• Carrel, M., Schweizer, M.L., Sarrazin, M.V., Smith, T.C., & Perencevich, E.N. (2014) Residential proximity to large swine confined animal feeding operations is associated with increased risk of MRSA colonization at time of hospital admission in rural Iowa veterans. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 35 (2), 190-192.

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• Wan, X-F., Carrel, M., Alker, A., & Emch, M. (2013) Perspective on emergence and re- emergence of amantadine resistant influenza A viruses in domestic animals in China. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 20: 298-303.

• Carrel, M. & Emch, M. (2013) Genetics: A new landscape for medical geography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 103(6): 1452-1467.

• Winston, J., Escamilla, V., Perez-Heydrich, C., Carrel, M., Yunus, M., Streatfield, P.K., & Emch, M. (2013) Deep tubewells protect against childhood diarrhea in Matlab, Bangladesh. American Journal of . 103(7): 1287-1291.

• Carrel, M., Emch, M., Nguyen, T., Jobe, T. & Wan, X-F. (2012) Population and environment drivers of H5N1 avian influenza evolution in Vietnam. Health & Place 18(5): 1122-1131.

• Carrel, M., Wan, X-F., Nguyen, T., & Emch, M. (2012) Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses exhibit few barriers to gene flow in Vietnam. EcoHealth 9(1): 60-69.

• Carrel, M., Wan, X-F., Nguyen, T., & Emch, M. (2011) Genetic Variation of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Vietnam Shows Both Species-Specific and Spatiotemporal Associations. Avian Diseases 55(4): 659-666.

• Carrel, M., Escamilla, V., Messina, J., Giebultowicz, S., Winston, J., Yunus, M., Streatfield, P.K., & Emch, M. (2011) Diarrheal risk in rural Bangladesh decreases as tubewell density increases: a zero-inflated and geographically weighted analysis. International Journal of Health Geographics 10(41). doi:10.1186/1476-072X-10-41.

• Carrel, M., Voss, P., Streatfield, P.K., Yunus, M. & Emch, M. (2010) Protection from annual flooding is correlated with increased prevalence in Bangladesh: a zero- inflated regression analysis. Environmental Health 9(13). doi:10.1186/1476-069X-9-13.

• Carrel, M., Emch, M., Jobe, R.T., Moody, A. & Wan, X-F. (2010) Spatio-temporal Structure of Molecular Evolution of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Vietnam. PLoS One 5(1): e8631. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008631

• Carrel, M., Emch, M., Streatfield, P.K., & Yunus, M. (2009) Spatio-temporal Clustering of Cholera: The Impact of Flood Control in Matlab, Bangladesh, 1983-2003. Health & Place 15(3): 741-752.

• Carrel, M. & Rennie, S. (2008). Demographic & Health Surveillance: Longitudinal Ethical Considerations. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86: 612-616.

• Wan, X-F., Nguyen, T., Smith, C., Zhao, Z., Carrel, M., Davis, C., Balish, A., Luo, F., Emch, M., Klimov, A. & Donis, R. (2008). Genesis of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Vietnam from 2001-2007: Introduction, Inheritance, Adaptation, and Selection. PLoS One 3(10): e3462.

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Peer Reviewed Book Chapters • Carrel, M. (2015) Disease at the molecular scale: Methods for exploring spatial patterns of pathogen genetics. In Spatial Analysis in . Ashgate Publishing.

• Emch, M., & Carrel, M. (2011). Neighborhoods & environmental determinants of infectious diseases. In J. Nriagu (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. Elsevier.

Other Publications • Carrel, M. 2013. Review of Disease Maps: Epidemics on the Ground. In Imago Mundi 65(1): 132.

Books Under Contract • Emch, M., Root, E. & Carrel, M. Medical Geography: 4th Edition. Guilford Press. Due September 2015.

Grants (Awarded)

• Carrel, M. (PI) Impact of rural status and distance to nearest VA facility on infectious disease outcomes. Contract from Iowa City VA. $14,300.00.

• Meshnick, S., Emch, M., Bruno, J. & Carrel, M (co-I). Epidemiological and spatial models of malaria transmission. NIH. University of Iowa portion $154,853.85.

• Smith, T., Meschke, J.S., Price, L. & Carrel, M. (co-I). Staphylococcus Aureus: Is Raw Meat A Risk Factor For Colonization And Infection? USDA. University of Iowa portion $38,625.

• Emch, M., Meshnick, S., & Carrel, M. (co-I). Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Drug Resistant Malaria. NSF. University of Iowa portion $34,012.

• Carrel, M. (PI) Spatial patterns of reported Acinetobacter baumannii incidence and drug resistance. Contract from Iowa City VA. $28,562.

• Carrel, M. MRSA risk in veterans and proximity to CAFOS. Contract from Iowa City VA. $32,935.54.

• Sander, H. & Carrel, M. (co-PIs). Evaluating the impact of environmental contaminants on neurocognitive functioning in schoolchildren: a novel geographical analysis of NHANES and SABINS Data. Environmental Health Sciences Research Center, University of Iowa. $9273.75.

Grants (Pending & Declined) • Carrel, M., Dennis, A. & Hurt, C.B. Integrating Geography & Genetics: Transmission patterns & drug resistance in HIV in North Carolina. NSF. $281,148.

• Emch, M., Meshnick, S., & Carrel, M. (co-PI). Landscape Ecology and Evolution of Malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo. NIH/NSF. $2,499,928 Total, University of Iowa portion $49,049.97

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• Wan, X-F., Carrel, M. Spatiotemporally adaptive influenza surveillance based on genomics. NIH. University of Iowa portion $8435.

Invited Colloquia & Lectures • Carrel, M. Hungry Planet: Threatened of Food. Iowa City Foreign Relations Council.

• Carrel, M. Spatial health data and analysis. Public Health Data. Department of Epidemiology. University of Iowa. 2015.

• Carrel, M. New Ground in the Spatial Analysis of Infectious Disease: The Promise and Problems of Incorporating Genetics into Geography. Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign. 2015.

• Carrel, M. GIS for disease surveillance & prevention. Global Health Seminar, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa. 2015.

• Carrel, M. GIS for infectious disease research. Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases. Department of Epidemiology. University of Iowa. 2014.

• Carrel, M. Mapping for food research. Research Design in Global Health. Global Health Certificate. University of Iowa. October 2014.

• Carrel, M. GIS and Influenza Studies. Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases. Department of Epidemiology. University of Iowa. October 2013.

• Carrel, M. GIS & Spatial Analysis: Applications for Epidemiology. Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology Seminar. University of Iowa. June 2013.

• Carrel, M. Spatial Analysis of Population Health: Pitfalls and Potential of Integrating Genetics and Geography. St. Louis Area Mixed Methods Meeting-Iowa Edition. April 2013.

• Carrel, M. Water & Health: The Case of Cholera, Arsenic & Bangladesh. Global Health Club. University of Iowa. April 2013.

• Carrel, M. Incorporating geography & genetics: The case of drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Iowa. Social Science Interdisciplinary Group. University of Iowa. March 2013.

• Carrel, M. Thinking Across Scales: Water in Bangladesh from a Geographic Perspective. Introduction to International Relations. University of Iowa. January 2014, September 2013, February 2013, September 2012.

• Carrel, M. Spatial Analysis of Health Outcomes. Center for Comprehensive Access & Delivery Research & Evaluation, VA Medical Center, University of Iowa, November 2011.

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Conference Oral Presentations • Carrel, M. & Bitterman, P. White and wealthy equals vaccines aren't healthy?: Ecologies of Personal Belief Exemptions for childhood immunizations among California kindergartners. Association of American Geographers 2015. Chicago, Illinois. April 2015.

• Carrel, M., Perencevich, E.N., David, M.Z. Emergence and spatial diffusion in the US of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 versus USA100, 2000-2013: a geographically referenced literature review. Great Plains Emerging Infectious Diseases Conference. University of Iowa, April 2015.

• Perencevich, E., Yin, J., Goto, M., Ohl, M., Schweizer, M. & Carrel, M. Higher incidence of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteraemia in southern latitudes among 104 United States (US) hospitals: retrospective cohort study. European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Barcelona, Spain. May 2014.

• Carrel, M., Schweizer, M.L., Sarrazin, M.V., Smith, T.C., & Perencevich, E.N. (2014) Residential proximity to swine concentrated animal feeding operations and risk of MRSA colonization in Iowa. Great Plains Emerging Infectious Diseases Conference. University of Iowa, April 2014.

• Shang, Y., Long, L., Wan, X-F. & Carrel, M. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Phylogeographic patterns of H1N1 in China 2009-2010. Association of American Geographers-2014. Tampa, Florida. April 2014.

• Emch, M., Carrel, M., Patel, J., Janko, M., Taylor, S. & Meshnick, S. Spatial Patterns of Drug-resistant Malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Landscape Genetics Approach. Association of American Geographers-2014. Tampa, Florida. April 2014.

• Carrel, M., Schweizer, M.L., Sarrazin, M.V., Smith, T.C., & Perencevich, E.N. (2014) Residential proximity to swine concentrated animal feeding operations and risk of MRSA colonization in Iowa. Association of American Geographers 2014. Tampa, Florida. April 2014.

• Carrel, M., Schweizer, M.L., Sarrazin, M.V., Smith, T.C., & Perencevich, E.N. (2014) Residential proximity to large swine confined animal feeding operations is associated with increased risk of MRSA colonization at time of hospital admission in rural Iowa veterans. ASM-ESCMID Conference on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci in Animals: Veterinary and Public Health Implications. Copenhagen, Denmark. November 2013.

• Carrel, M., Schweizer, M.L., Sarrazin, M.V., Smith, T.C., & Perencevich, E.N. (2014) Residential proximity to large swine confined animal feeding operations is associated with increased risk of MRSA colonization at time of hospital admission in rural Iowa veterans. Infectious Disease Week (IDWeek), San Francisco, CA. October 2013.

• Carrel, M. & Emch, M. Genetics: A New Landscape for Medical Geography. International Medical Geography Symposium 2013- East Lansing, MI. July 2013.

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• Emch, M., Carrel, M., Meshnick, S. Spatial Patterns of Malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Landscape Genetics Approach. International Medical Geography Symposium 2013- East Lansing, MI. July 2013.

• Carrel, M., Hurt, C.B., Eron, J.J. & Emch, M. Spatial patterns of transmitted drug resistance among acute/recently acquired HIV cases in North Carolina. Great Plains Emerging Infectious Diseases Conference. University of Iowa, April 2013.

• Carrel, M. & Emch, M. Genetics: A New Landscape for Medical Geography. Association of American Geographers 2013-Los Angeles, CA, April 2013.

• Emch, M., Carrel, M., Meshnick, S. Spatial Patterns of Malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Landscape Genetics Approach. Association of American Geographers 2013. Los Angeles, CA. April 2013.

• Carrel, M., Liping, L., Emch, M. & Wan, X-F. Regional variation in population and environmental drivers of H1N1 SOIV in China, 2009-2010. Great Plains Emerging Infectious Diseases Conference. University of Iowa, April 2012.

• Carrel, M. Population-environment drivers of H5N1 avian influenza molecular change in Vietnam. Association of American Geographers 2012-New York, NY, February 2012.

• Carrel, M., Genetic Variation of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Vietnam Shows Both Species-Specific and Spatiotemporal Associations, 14th International Medical Geography Symposium-Durham, United Kingdom, July 2011.

• Carrel, M., Wan, X-F., & Emch, M. Genetic Variation of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Vietnam Shows Both Species-Specific and Spatiotemporal Associations, Association of American Geographers 2011- Seattle, WA, April 2011.

• Carrel, M., Hurt, C., Wan, X-F., Root, E., Eron, J. & Emch, M. Spatio-temporal analysis of evolutionary relationships among acute/newly acquired and transmitted drug resistant HIV strains in North Carolina, 1994-2003, Association of American Geographers 2010- Washington, DC, April 2010.

• Carrel, M., Emch, M., Jobe, R.T., & Moody, A. & Wan, X-F. The geography of avian influenza: a spatiotemporal analysis of viral evolution in Vietnam, 13th International Medical Geography Symposium-Hamilton, Ontario, July 2009.

• Carrel, M., Emch, M., Jobe, R.T., & Moody, A. & Wan, X-F. The geography of avian influenza: a spatiotemporal analysis of viral evolution, Association of American Geographers 2009-Las Vegas, March 2009.

• Emch, M. & Carrel, M. Integrating spatial and genetic analysis in medical geography: the case of avian influenza, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, February 2009.

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• Root, E. & Carrel, M. Exploring the effects of spousal education and employment on female age at first birth using international census micro data, European Association for Population Studies 2008-Barcelona, July 2008.

• Carrel, M., Emch, M., Streatfield, P.K., & Yunus, M. The impact of flood control on cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh, Association of American Geographers 2008-Boston, April 2008.

• Carrel, M., Emch, M., Streatfield, P.K., & Yunus, M. The impact of flood protection on spatio-temporal clustering of cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh, Association of American Geographers 2007-San Francisco, April 2007.

Conference Poster Presentations

• Carrel, M., Perencevich, E.N., David, M.Z. Emergence and spatial diffusion in the US of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 versus USA100, 2000-2013: a geographically referenced literature review. European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Copenhagen, Denmark. April 2015.

• Van der Heide, D., Carrel, M., Lindmark, A., Waters, J., Buresh, C. Prevalence and Distribution of Malnutrition in a Rural Haitian area. Consortium of Universities for Global Health. Washington, DC. May 2014.

• Van der Heide, D., Carrel, M., Lindmark, A., Waters, J., Buresh, C. Prevalence and Distribution of Malnutrition in a Rural Haitian area. Unite For Site. New Haven, Connecticut. April 2014.

Service

Professional Service • Manuscript Reviewer, American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, Annals of the AAG, BMC Genomics, BMC Infectious Diseases, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Health & Place, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, JAMA Pediatrics, PLoS ONE, Public Health Reports, Transactions in GIS, Southeastern Geographer, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

• Officer At-Large, Health & Medical Geography Specialty Group, Association of American Geographers (2011-2013)

• Grant Reviewer, National Science Foundation Geography & Spatial Sciences Directorate (2012, 2013)

• Grant Reviewer, National Geographic Society Young Explorers Program (2013)

• Grant Reviewer, Sustaining Health Award, Wellcome Trust (2014)

• Grant Reviewer, SCORE Grants, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH (2014)

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Department Service • Graduate Committee (2014-present)

• Scholarship & Speaker Committee (2014-present)

• Undergraduate Committee (2011-2014)

• Global Health Search Committee (2012, 2013)

• Administrative Services Coordinator Search Committee (2014)

College Service • Member, International Studies BA Program Steering Committee, University of Iowa (ongoing)

• Member, Global Health Certificate Program Steering Committee, University of Iowa (ongoing)

• Member, Global Health Search Committee, Global Health Certificate Program (2013)

• Member, Crossing Borders Executive Committee (2012-2013)

University Service • Member, Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination (CHEEC) Advisory Board, University of Iowa (ongoing)

Media Coverage of Research • Wired.com, Des Moines Register, Daily Iowan, January 2014 • Emerging Health Threats Forum, April 2010 • New York Times Health Research section, August 2008 • World Health Organization podcast, August 2008

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