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Growing Lettuce in Containers Submitted by Faye Mahaffey OSUE Brown County Master Gardener Volunteer
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Growing Lettuce in Containers Submitted by Faye Mahaffey OSUE Brown County Master Gardener Volunteer Is it too muddy to plant early vegetables in your garden? Have you ever thought about growing lettuce in a container right outside your door? According to a recent National Gardening Association newsletter, “There are few things more welcome to winter-weary gardeners than the first signs of spring in the plant world-buds swelling, asparagus tips poking through the soil, the cheerful blossoms of crocuses opening their faces to the sun. And there are few things that taste better to a vegetable gardener than the tender lettuce and greens of the season’s first homegrown salad. There is a wide variety of lettuces and greens that thrive in cool spring weather. Now is the time to sow some seeds so you can soon be enjoying that delicious first harvest.” There are many different kinds of lettuces and salad greens that are easy to grow and provide a nutritious, attractive, and tasty mix for your salad bowl. Leaf lettuces are fast growing plants that are ready for harvest in as little as 45 days, even less for a light harvest of baby leaves. You can harvest the entire plant or extend your harvest by selectively picking the outer leaves. Butterhead lettuce, also called bibb or Boston lettuce, has especially tender, succulent leaves that form a loose head. The leaves of some varieties are tinged with red. Head lettuce includes the familiar ‘Iceberg’ variety and forms a firm head of crisp, juicy leaves. -
UNDERSTANDING 2,4-D RESISTANCE in PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca Serriola L.)
UNDERSTANDING 2,4-D RESISTANCE IN PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca serriola L.) AND EVALUATING CHEMICAL FALLOW SYSTEMS FOR THE INLAND PNW By DILPREET SINGH RIAR A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Crop and Soil Sciences December 2009 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of DILPREET SINGH RIAR find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Joseph P. Yenish, Ph.D., Chair Daniel A. Ball, Ph.D. Kulvinder S. Gill, Ph.D. Ian C. Burke, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research was supported by the USDA-CSREES funding. I express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Joseph Yenish for providing me the opportunity to pursue my doctoral studies in Crop Science at Washington State University. His intellectual simulation, valued guidance, constructive criticism and untiring efforts throughout my graduate study were instrumental in shaping my academic career. I am grateful to my committee members, Drs. Daniel Ball, Kulvinder Gill and Ian burke for their valuable suggestions and constant help during the course of investigation and preparation of dissertation. Special thanks are due to John Nelson, Rod Rood and Larry Bennett for their technical assistance in field studies. I am grateful to my office mate Dennis Pittman for his constant help in lab. I am indebted to Dr. Devin See for allowing me to use his lab facilities. I also thank Tracy Harris for her assistance in wheat quality lab. I am grateful to Dr. Pat Fuerst for his guidance during the course of investigations. -
Soy Free Diet Avoiding Soy
SOY FREE DIET AVOIDING SOY An allergy to soy is common in babies and young children, studies show that often children outgrow a soy allergy by age 3 years and the majority by age 10. Soybeans are a member of the legume family; examples of other legumes include beans, peas, lentils and peanut. It is important to remember that children with a soy allergy are not necessarily allergic to other legumes, request more clarification from your allergist if you are concerned. Children with a soy allergy may have nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, difficulty breathing, and or a skin reaction after eating or drinking soy products. These symptoms can be avoided by following a soy free diet. What foods are not allowed on a soy free diet? Soy beans and edamame Soy products, including tofu, miso, natto, soy sauce (including sho yu, tamari), soy milk/creamer/ice cream/yogurt, soy nuts and soy protein, tempeh, textured vegetable protein (TVP) Caution with processed foods - soy is widely used manufactured food products – remember to carefully read labels. o Soy products and derivatives can be found in many foods, including baked goods, canned tuna and meat, cereals, cookies, crackers, high-protein energy bars, drinks and snacks, infant formulas, low- fat peanut butter, processed meats, sauces, chips, canned broths and soups, condiments and salad dressings (Bragg’s Liquid Aminos) USE EXTRA CAUTION WITH ASIAN CUISINE: Asian cuisine are considered high-risk for people with soy allergy due to the common use of soy as an ingredient and the possibility of cross-contamination, even if a soy-free item is ordered. -
WO 2012/044761 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date _ . 5 April 2012 (05.04.2012) WO 2012/044761 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 47/48 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US201 1/053876 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, 29 September 201 1 (29.09.201 1) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (25) Filing Language: English NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, (26) Publication Langi English RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, (30) Priority Data: ZM, ZW. 12/893,344 29 September 2010 (29.09.2010) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): UNI¬ kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, VERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT WILMING¬ GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, TON [US/US]; 601 South College Road, Wilmington, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, NC 28403 (US). -
Companion Plants for Better Yields
Companion Plants for Better Yields PLANT COMPATIBLE INCOMPATIBLE Angelica Dill Anise Coriander Carrot Black Walnut Tree, Apple Hawthorn Basil, Carrot, Parsley, Asparagus Tomato Azalea Black Walnut Tree Barberry Rye Barley Lettuce Beans, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Basil Cauliflower, Collard, Kale, Rue Marigold, Pepper, Tomato Borage, Broccoli, Cabbage, Carrot, Celery, Chinese Cabbage, Corn, Collard, Cucumber, Eggplant, Irish Potato, Beet, Chive, Garlic, Onion, Beans, Bush Larkspur, Lettuce, Pepper Marigold, Mint, Pea, Radish, Rosemary, Savory, Strawberry, Sunflower, Tansy Basil, Borage, Broccoli, Carrot, Chinese Cabbage, Corn, Collard, Cucumber, Eggplant, Beet, Garlic, Onion, Beans, Pole Lettuce, Marigold, Mint, Kohlrabi Pea, Radish, Rosemary, Savory, Strawberry, Sunflower, Tansy Bush Beans, Cabbage, Beets Delphinium, Onion, Pole Beans Larkspur, Lettuce, Sage PLANT COMPATIBLE INCOMPATIBLE Beans, Squash, Borage Strawberry, Tomato Blackberry Tansy Basil, Beans, Cucumber, Dill, Garlic, Hyssop, Lettuce, Marigold, Mint, Broccoli Nasturtium, Onion, Grapes, Lettuce, Rue Potato, Radish, Rosemary, Sage, Thyme, Tomato Basil, Beans, Dill, Garlic, Hyssop, Lettuce, Mint, Brussels Sprouts Grapes, Rue Onion, Rosemary, Sage, Thyme Basil, Beets, Bush Beans, Chamomile, Celery, Chard, Dill, Garlic, Grapes, Hyssop, Larkspur, Lettuce, Cabbage Grapes, Rue Marigold, Mint, Nasturtium, Onion, Rosemary, Rue, Sage, Southernwood, Spinach, Thyme, Tomato Plant throughout garden Caraway Carrot, Dill to loosen soil Beans, Chive, Delphinium, Pea, Larkspur, Lettuce, -
Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Plant Guide
Plant Guide prevention and weed suppression. Allelopathic COWPEA compounds in the plant may help to suppress weeds (Clark, 2007). It has also been used successfully as Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. groundcover in orchards and intercropped with cash crops Plant Symbol = VIUN such as cotton. Contributed by: USDA NRCS Cape May Plant Materials Wildlife: Cowpea is eaten by deer as forage, and is Center, Cape May, NJ commonly used in food plots for deer. A variety of birds, including wild turkey, eat the seeds and the plant can be used by quail as cover. Some varieties of cowpea are used specifically for wildlife purposes (Ball et al., 2007). Ethnobotany: Cowpea has been a staple crop and important protein source for many cultures since the Roman Empire. It was the most commonly cultivated bean used for human consumption in the Old World (Allen and Allen, 1981). Roman writers such as Pliny referred to it as phaseolus. Thomas Jefferson is credited with first using the name cowpea. Today the crop is still widely popular, and good harvests are critical to ensure adequate levels of protein in the diets of populations in India and East Asia (Allen and Allen, 1981). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). (Photo by Christopher Sheahan, USDA- NRCS, Cape May Plant Materials Center) Status Cowpea is an introduced species in the United States. It is Alternate Names native to tropical and subtropical regions. It can grow Alternate Common Names: blackeyed pea, field pea, both wild and cultivated. Please consult the PLANTS southern pea, crowder pea, caupi, catjang, yardlong bean Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g., threatened or Alternate Scientific Names: endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi, indicator values). -
Adaptation of Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) to Low Phosphorus Availability Jonathan P
Adaptation of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Low Phosphorus Availability Jonathan P. Lynch1 Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 Stephen E. Beebe Bean Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Apartado Aéveo 6713, Cali, Colombia Phosphorus availability in native soils is seldom adequate for has been carried out in Colombia (Thung, 1990; Youngdahl, 1990), optimal plant growth. Of the macronutrients, K, Ca, Mg, and S are not Brazil [Salinas, 1978; International Center for Tropical Agriculture uncommon in the earth’s crust and in fresh water (Epstein, 1972); N is (CIAT), unpublished data], Costa Rica (Corella, unpublished data), abundant in the atmosphere and is present in most soil solutions in and Nicaragua (Tapia, 1987). In at least one case, recommendations millimolar concentrations. In contrast, P is present in soil solution and for P applications were tailored cultivar by cultivar, from 0 to 42 kg P/ fresh water in only micromolar concentrations (Rendig and Taylor, ha, depending on the P requirements of the specific genotype. The 1989), in large part because P is commonly bound to many soil Brazilian cultivar Carioca is broadly adapted to low-P conditions, and constituents that make it unavailable or only sparingly available to is extremely responsive to added P (Thung, 1990). These traits plants (Sample et al., 1980). An additional problem is that the P cycle undoubtedly contribute to the fact that ‘Carioca’ is the most widely in most terrestrial ecosystems is open-ended and tends toward deple- grown cultivar in Brazil (Janssen et al., 1992). In Rwanda, a climbing tion, unlike the N cycle, in which atmospheric pools provide continual bean from Mexico, G2333, has gained great popularity among small inputs to soil pools (Stevenson, 1986). -
Genetic Variability and Distance Between Lactuca Serriola L
Acta Bot. Croat. 77 (2), 172–180, 2018 CODEN: ABCRA 25 DOI: 10.2478/botcro-2018-0019 ISSN 0365-0588 eISSN 1847-8476 Genetic variability and distance between Lactuca serriola L. populations from Sweden and Slovenia assessed by SSR and AFLP markers Michaela Jemelková1, Miloslav Kitner1, Eva Křístková1, Ivana Doležalová2, Aleš Lebeda1* 1 Palacký University in Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic 2 Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal, and Special Plants of Crop Research Institute in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 29, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic Abstract – The study involved 121 samples of the common weed, Lactuca serriola L. (prickly lettuce), represent- ing 53 populations from Sweden and Slovenia. The seed materials, originating from different habitats, were re- generated and taxonomically validated at the Department of Botany, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Re- public. The morphological characterizations of the collected plant materials classified all 121 samples as L. serriola f. serriola; one sample was heterogeneous, and also present was L. serriola f. integrifolia. Differences in the amount and distribution of the genetic variations between the two regions were analyzed using 257 ampli- fied fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and 7 microsatellite (SSRs) markers. Bayesian clustering and Neigh- bor-Network were used for visualization of the differences among the samples by country. Under the Bayesian approach, the best partitioning (according to the most frequent signals) was resolved into three groups. While the absence of an admixture or low admixture was detected in the Slovenian samples, and the majority of the Swedish samples, a significant admixture was detected in the profiles of five Swedish samples collected near Malmö, which bore unique morphological features of their rosette leaves. -
Germination and Emergence of Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca Serriola L.) and Its Susceptibility to Selected Herbicides
Germination and emergence of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) and its susceptibility to selected herbicides J. Mikulka, D. Chodová Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic ABSTRACT Three-year trials were conducted to study germination and emergence of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) achenes, increments of shoot dry matter and susceptibility of the weed to selected herbicides. The germination rates of achenes at 10°C (92%), 20°C (97%) and 30°C (95%) did not indicate any significant differences within 20 days from sowing. The highest percentage emergence of prickly lettuce achenes was determined after their sowing into a depth of 1 mm. Differ- ences from the variants of sowing onto the soil surface (0 mm), into a depth of 10 and 20 mm were significant. There were no differences in the emergence rates from a depth of 10 and 20 mm. The highest increments of shoot dry matter were observed when prickly lettuce plants were grown for 4–7 weeks after sowing at 20°C. The effect of selected herbi- cides on prickly lettuce plants treated at the stage of 2–3 true leaves was evaluated on the basis of a change in the content of shoot dry matter. A significant decrease in dry matter against the control was recorded in all variants after herbicide application. The effect (expressed by a lower dry matter content) was significantly higher after the combination ami- dosulfuron + iodosulfuron-methyl + mefenpyr-diethyl (10 + 2.5 + 25 g/ha) was used than after the application of tribe- nuron (10.85 g/ha) and picolinafen + cyanazine (120 g + 480 h). -
Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding -
KC Refrigerated Product List 10.1.19.Indd
Created 3.11.09 One Color White REFRIGERATEDWhite: 0C 0M 0Y 0K COLLECTION Albondigas (Mexican Meatball Soup) Black Bean Soup Butternut Squash & Apple Soup 700856 700820 VN VG DF GF 700056 GF Savory meatballs, white rice and vibrant Slow-cooked black beans, red peppers, A blend of puréed butternut squash, onions tomatoes in a handcrafted chicken stock roasted sweet corn and diced green chilies and handcrafted stock with caramelized infused with traditional Mexican aromatics in a purée of vine-ripened tomatoes with a Granny Smith apples and a pinch of fresh and a touch of fresh lime juice. splash of fresh-squeezed orange juice. nutmeg. Angus Steak Chili with Beans Black Lentil & Roasted Garlic Dahl* Caribbean Jerk Chicken Soup 700095 DF GF 701762 VG GF 700708 DF GF Tender strips of seared Angus beef, green Black beluga lentils, sautéed onions, roasted Tender chicken, sweet potatoes, carrots peppers and red beans in slow-simmered garlic and ginger slow-simmered in a rich and tomatoes in a handcrafted chicken tomatoes with Southwestern spices. tomato broth, infused with warming spices, stock with white rice, red beans, traditional finished with butter and heavy cream. jerk seasoning and a hint of molasses. Beef Barley & Vegetable Soup Broccoli Cheddar Soup Carrot Ginger Soup 700023 700063 VG GF 700071 VN VG DF GF Seared strips of lean beef and pearl barley Delicately puréed broccoli and sautéed Sweet carrots puréed with fresh-squeezed with red peppers, mushrooms, peas, onions in a rich blend of extra sharp orange juice, hand-peeled ginger and tomatoes and green beans in a rich cheddar cheese and light cream with a sautéed onions with a touch of toasted beef stock. -
Southern Peas
Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA6020 Home Gardening Series Southern Peas Craig R. Andersen Environment Associate Professor and Extension Specialist - Light Soil Vegetables Fertility pH Temperature Moisture – sunny – welldrained loam Culture– medium to light – 5.8 to 7.0 Planting – warm season Spacing – average to drought Hardiness resistant Cultural Practices Fertilizer Soils Southern Peas – Vigna unguiculata– seed 1 inch deep – 2 x 24 inches – tender annual – light Southern peas adapt to many soil types; medium fertility with pH of 5.8 to 7.0 is desirable. High fertility proPlanting Time The southern pea, also known as duces excessive vine growth and poor the cowpea, is thought to have origi yields. Nfixing bacteria inoculants nated in Africa, where it has been may increase yield especially in soils eaten for centuries. It traveled to where peas have not been grown. Egypt as long as 3,000 years ago and was common to the European and Asian diets. Southern peas were prob ably brought to the West Indies in the Plant southern peas after the soil 17th century. They later became a is thoroughly warm (62 degrees F common food in the United States. or greater) in late spring or early One of the more popular ways of cook summer. This vegetable is very toler ing blackeyed peas is a dish called Spacingant to hot weather and can be planted and Depth of Planting “Hoppin’ John,” a traditional African throughout the summer with very American dish served on New Year’s good results. For fall planting, plant Day for good luck.