Philebus NEWLY-REVISED
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Roles of Solon in Plato's Dialogues
The Roles of Solon in Plato’s Dialogues Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Samuel Ortencio Flores, M.A. Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Bruce Heiden, Advisor Anthony Kaldellis Richard Fletcher Greg Anderson Copyrighy by Samuel Ortencio Flores 2013 Abstract This dissertation is a study of Plato’s use and adaptation of an earlier model and tradition of wisdom based on the thought and legacy of the sixth-century archon, legislator, and poet Solon. Solon is cited and/or quoted thirty-four times in Plato’s dialogues, and alluded to many more times. My study shows that these references and allusions have deeper meaning when contextualized within the reception of Solon in the classical period. For Plato, Solon is a rhetorically powerful figure in advancing the relatively new practice of philosophy in Athens. While Solon himself did not adequately establish justice in the city, his legacy provided a model upon which Platonic philosophy could improve. Chapter One surveys the passing references to Solon in the dialogues as an introduction to my chapters on the dialogues in which Solon is a very prominent figure, Timaeus- Critias, Republic, and Laws. Chapter Two examines Critias’ use of his ancestor Solon to establish his own philosophic credentials. Chapter Three suggests that Socrates re- appropriates the aims and themes of Solon’s political poetry for Socratic philosophy. Chapter Four suggests that Solon provides a legislative model which Plato reconstructs in the Laws for the philosopher to supplant the role of legislator in Greek thought. -
Phaedrus Plato
Phaedrus Plato TRANSLATED BY BENJAMIN JOWETT ROMAN ROADS MEDIA Classical education, from a Christian perspective, created for the homeschool. Roman Roads combines its technical expertise with the experience of established authorities in the field of classical education to create quality video courses and resources tailored to the homeschooler. Just as the first century roads of the Roman Empire were the physical means by which the early church spread the gospel far and wide, so Roman Roads Media uses today’s technology to bring timeless truth, goodness, and beauty into your home. By combining excellent instruction augmented with visual aids and examples, we help inspire in your children a lifelong love of learning. Phaedrus by Plato translated by Benjamin Jowett This text was designed to accompany Roman Roads Media's 4-year video course Old Western Culture: A Christian Approach to the Great Books. For more information visit: www.romanroadsmedia.com. Other video courses by Roman Roads Media include: Grammar of Poetry featuring Matt Whitling Introductory Logic taught by Jim Nance Intermediate Logic taught by Jim Nance French Cuisine taught by Francis Foucachon Copyright © 2013 by Roman Roads Media, LLC Roman Roads Media 739 S Hayes St, Moscow, Idaho 83843 A ROMAN ROADS ETEXT Phaedrus Plato TRANSLATED BY BENJAMIN JOWETT INTRODUCTION The Phaedrus is closely connected with the Symposium, and may be regarded either as introducing or following it. The two Dialogues together contain the whole philosophy of Plato on the nature of love, which in the Republic and in the later writings of Plato is only introduced playfully or as a figure of speech. -
Theory of Forms 1 Theory of Forms
Theory of Forms 1 Theory of Forms Plato's theory of Forms or theory of Ideas[1] [2] [3] asserts that non-material abstract (but substantial) forms (or ideas), and not the material world of change known to us through sensation, possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality.[4] When used in this sense, the word form is often capitalized.[5] Plato speaks of these entities only through the characters (primarily Socrates) of his dialogues who sometimes suggest that these Forms are the only true objects of study that can provide us with genuine knowledge; thus even apart from the very controversial status of the theory, Plato's own views are much in doubt.[6] Plato spoke of Forms in formulating a possible solution to the problem of universals. Forms Terminology: the Forms and the forms The English word "form" may be used to translate two distinct concepts that concerned Plato—the outward "form" or appearance of something, and "Form" in a new, technical nature, that never ...assumes a form like that of any of the things which enter into her; ... But the forms which enter into and go out of her are the likenesses of real existences modelled after their patterns in a wonderful and inexplicable manner.... The objects that are seen, according to Plato, are not real, but literally mimic the real Forms. In the allegory of the cave expressed in Republic, the things that are ordinarily perceived in the world are characterized as shadows of the real things, which are not perceived directly. That which the observer understands when he views the world mimics the archetypes of the many types and properties (that is, of universals) of things observed. -
On the Arrangement of the Platonic Dialogues
Ryan C. Fowler 25th Hour On the Arrangement of the Platonic Dialogues I. Thrasyllus a. Diogenes Laertius (D.L.), Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 3.56: “But, just as long ago in tragedy the chorus was the only actor, and afterwards, in order to give the chorus breathing space, Thespis devised a single actor, Aeschylus a second, Sophocles a third, and thus tragedy was completed, so too with philosophy: in early times it discoursed on one subject only, namely physics, then Socrates added the second subject, ethics, and Plato the third, dialectics, and so brought philosophy to perfection. Thrasyllus says that he [Plato] published his dialogues in tetralogies, like those of the tragic poets. Thus they contended with four plays at the Dionysia, the Lenaea, the Panathenaea and the festival of Chytri. Of the four plays the last was a satiric drama; and the four together were called a tetralogy.” b. Characters or types of dialogues (D.L. 3.49): 1. instructive (ὑφηγητικός) A. theoretical (θεωρηµατικόν) a. physical (φυσικόν) b. logical (λογικόν) B. practical (πρακτικόν) a. ethical (ἠθικόν) b. political (πολιτικόν) 2. investigative (ζητητικός) A. training the mind (γυµναστικός) a. obstetrical (µαιευτικός) b. tentative (πειραστικός) B. victory in controversy (ἀγωνιστικός) a. critical (ἐνδεικτικός) b. subversive (ἀνατρεπτικός) c. Thrasyllan categories of the dialogues (D.L. 3.50-1): Physics: Timaeus Logic: Statesman, Cratylus, Parmenides, and Sophist Ethics: Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus, Symposium, Menexenus, Clitophon, the Letters, Philebus, Hipparchus, Rivals Politics: Republic, the Laws, Minos, Epinomis, Atlantis Obstetrics: Alcibiades 1 and 2, Theages, Lysis, Laches Tentative: Euthyphro, Meno, Io, Charmides and Theaetetus Critical: Protagoras Subversive: Euthydemus, Gorgias, and Hippias 1 and 2 :1 d. -
Plato's Third Man Argument
Greek Philosophy (Essays) Theo Todman Does the Third Man Argument refute the theory of forms? Fine [1993] recognises four versions of the Third Man Argument (TMA). However, she argues persuasively that these are similar arguments with similar tacit premises, though with different emphases. Consequently, we will consider only that in Parmenides 132a1- b2. Fine’s translation runs as follows, with Parmenides speaking to Socrates: I suppose it is because of the following sort of thing that you think that (1) each form is one: (2) Whenever many things seem large to you, there perhaps seems to you to be, when you have looked at them all, some one and the same idea. Hence you think (3) the large is one. …. (4) What, then, if in the same way you look in your soul at all these – at the large itself and the other large things? (5) Will not some one large appear again, by which all these will appear large? …. So another form of largeness will appear besides the large itself and its participants. (6) And in addition to these, yet another, by which all these will be large. (7) And so each of the forms will no longer be one for you, but infinitely many. There are two things we need to address in this essay. Firstly, we need to understand the TMA itself, determining its premises, logical structure and validity. Secondly, we need to determine what Plato wants us to learn from it, and what its consequences are for his theory of Forms. The Argument Vlastos [1954] generalises Fine’s steps (2) and (5) as: (V2) If a number of things a, b, c, are all F, there must be a single Form F-ness, in virtue of which we apprehend a, b, c as all F. -
The Uses of Homer in Plato's Philebus
ANUARI DE FILOLOGIA . ANTIQVA ET MEDIAEVALIA (Anu.Filol.Antiq.Mediaeualia) 6/2016, pp. 55-77, ISSN: 2014-1386 THE USES OF HOMER IN PLATO’S PHILEBUS BERNAT TORRES Universitat Internacional de Catalunya [email protected] ABSTRACT The paper presents a study on the presence of Homer in Plato’s Philebus. After a brief summary of the dialogue and after indicating a couple of implicit references to Homer to be found in the Platonic text (like the figure of Aphrodite and the image of the journey of Ulysses), the work focuses on analysing the two single explicit appearances of Homer in Plato’s Philebus . The first one in Philebus 47e, corresponding to the 18th book of the Iliad (108-109); the second one in Philebus 62d corresponding to the fourth book of the Iliad (450-456). The paper analyses these references in detail, examining Platoʹs use of the Homeric poems and analysing their significance, often hidden, in the dialogue as a whole. The analysis also shows the importance of the equivalences between Homer and Plato, that is, the similar or dissimilar treatment that they make of some important issues, like the description of human emotions, the confrontation between gods and men or the search for truth. KEYWORDS : Plato, Homer, Socrates, Philebus, Odyssey, Iliad ELS USOS D’HOMER AL FILEB DE PLATÓ RESUM L’escrit presenta un estudi de la presència d’Homer en el Fileb de Plató. Després d’un breu resum del diàleg i d’indicar un parell de referències implícites a Homer que es troben en el text platònic (com la figura d’Afrodita i la imatge del viatge d’Ulisses), el treball se centra en analitzar les dues aparicions explícites d’Homer en el diàleg, les quals remeten a la Ilíada . -
An Introduction to the Philebus
An Introduction to the Philebus Stauiley Rosen "I'hc I'/)i/c'/urs is one of Plato's most difficult dialogues. I know of no full- Ient;tlt comurnentary (as opposed to nu)nowraphs or annotated translations) and even n1 On graphs on sonic particular topic in the dialogue are rela- tiyely few. "I'he three topics that have attracted the nu)st attention are those of cidctir ainatl^sis, rateorial separation and mixture, and }Measure. espe- cially false pleasure. In my opinion, it is a mistake to attempt to study these topics ais though they are'intelli(1ihle apart from the context of the dialogue is a vyhole. unfortunately, the dialogue is almost as ohscure from a dra- n)atic standpoint as from that of its most famous themes. In this lecture, I ill try to indicate two or three general characteristics of the dialogue, and I shall do so by eliciting them from a discussion of the opening pages. I)c- spite the peculiarly spare nature of the dramatic form, the l'hih'bies is no exception to the general principle that Plato prefigures the subsequent dis- cussion of a dialogue in his initial scene. lily intention is not to add to the technical analyses of the discussions of eidetic and ontological structure. but rather to cast sonic light on their peculiar status in a discussion of the good life for ordinary mortals rather than philosophers, and in particular. in a discussion vyith two quite ordinary interlocutors like Philebus and I'rotar- elms. What follovys is therefore in no sense intended as ai sun)m iry of the dialogue as a ^^ hole. -
Collection and Division in the Philebus 1
Collection and Division in the Philebus 1 Collection and Division in the Philebus Hugh H. Benson Readers of Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics will be familiar with the idea that Aristotle dis- tinguished roughly between definitional and non-definitional propositions1, and even that he may have recognized distinct methods for acquiring knowledge of these sorts of proposi- tions.2 I hypothesize that a roughly similar understanding of Plato provides a resolution to a longstanding difficulty in Platonic scholarship.3 The difficulty arises from the following observations: 1. The hypothetical method described and practiced in the Meno, Phaedo, and Republic is distinct from the method of collection and division described and/or practiced in Sophist, Politicus, and Philebus. 2. The hypothetical method is Plato’s recommended method for knowledge acquisition in the Meno, Phaedo, and Republic.4 3. Collection and division is Plato’s recommended method for knowledge acquisition in the Philebus.5 4. Collection and division introduced in the Phaedrus is roughly identical to collection and division described and/or practiced in the Sophist, Politicus, and Philebus. 5. The Phaedrus was composed roughly around the same time as the Republic. If these five observations are correct, we have three options. First, we might suppose that Plato endorses at roughly the same time two distinct methods of acquiring the same knowl- edge.6 Second, we might suppose that Plato abandons one method of knowledge acquisition and proposes a new one in short order.7 And, third, we might suppose that Plato distinguishes two different sorts of knowledge, one to be acquired by the hypothetical method of the Meno, Phaedo, and Republic, and the other to be acquired by collection and division of the Phaedrus, Sophist, Politicus, and Philebus. -
The Euthyphro Problem Revisited
Katja Maria Vogt, katjavogt.com, Columbia University 1 The Euthyphro Problem Revisited. For Explorations in Ethics, ed. David Kaspar The Euthyphro Problem Revisited It is a fairly consensual view that Plato’s Euthyphro is the “urtext” of metaethics. 1 And yet, standard specifications of this view go astray. The Euthyphro is often thought to illustrate the concerns of Divine Command Theory. It is also thought to be the ancestor of metaethical realism, the view that value is attitude-independent. As I argue, the Euthyphro is neither concerned with Divine Command Theory nor is it a defense of realism in today’s sense. Instead, the Euthyphro argues that there is realist value, anti-realist value, and value that is both. Plato’s proposal should strike us as radically revisionist, to the extent that it is not clear whether today’s philosophical “map” can accommodate it. This, I submit, is why the Euthyphro deserves our attention. On standard readings, Plato is a dull dogmatist, rather than an ingenious philosopher raised on a steady diet of rebellious ideas by the likes of Heraclitus, Parmenides, Socrates, and Protagoras. On my reading, the Euthyphro offers a refutation of relativism, finds a place for anti- realism, sketches the beginnings of realism about the good, and envisages a kind of value that is realist and yet constituted by attitudes. After a brief conspectus of how philosophers reconstruct the so-called Euthyphro Problem (section 1), I sketch the most important bits of text (sections 2 and 3). Then I turn to contemporary work by Richard Swinburne, Connie Rosati, Selim Berker, Crispin Wright, and Sharon Street that invokes the Euthyphro. -
The Unity of the Philebus: Continuity in Plato’S Philosophy
Distribution Agreement In presenting this thesis or dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, including display on the world wide web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of the thesis or dissertation. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis or dissertation. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. Signature: _________________________ ___________________ Jong Hwan Lee Date The Unity of the Philebus: Continuity in Plato’s Philosophy By Jong Hwan Lee Doctor of Philosophy Philosophy ___________________________________ Dr. Richard Patterson Advisor ___________________________________ Dr. Ann Hartle Committee Member ___________________________________ Dr. Richard D. Parry Committee Member Accepted: ___________________________________ Lisa A. Tedesco, Ph. D. Dean of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies ______________ Date The Unity of the Philebus: Continuity in Plato’s Philosophy By Jong Hwan Lee B.A., Seoul National University, 2002 M.A., Seoul National University, 2005 M.A., Emory University, 2010 Advisor: Dr. Richard Patterson, Ph.D. An abstract of A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy 2013 Abstract The Unity of the Philebus: Continuity in Plato’s Philosophy By Jong Hwan Lee The Philebus is Plato’s answer to the question what the human good is. -
Interpretation: a Journal of Political Philosophy
Interpretation A JOURNAL A OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Fall 1993 Volume 21 Number 1 Carl Page The Unnamed Fifth: Republic 369d Patrick Coby Socrates on the Decline and Fall of Regimes Books 8 and 9 of the Republic Gulliver' Richard Burrow s Travels: The Stunting of a Philosopher Book Reviews Charles E. Butterworth AIf Layla wa Layla, The Arabian Nights, translated by Husain Haddawy Michael P. Zuckert The Unvarnished Doctrine: Locke, Liberalism, and the American Revolution, by Steven M. Dworetz Charles T. Rubin Ecology, Community and Lifestyle, by Arne Naess Lucia Boyden An Index to Interpretation, Volumes 11 Prochnow through 20 Interpretation Editor-in-Chief Hilail Gildin, Dept. of Philosophy, Queens College Executive Editor Leonard Grey General Editors Seth G. Benardete Charles E. Butterworth Hilail Gildin Robert Horwitz (d. 1987) Howard B. White (d. 1974) Consulting Editors Christopher Bruell Joseph Cropsey Ernest L. Fortin John Hallowell (d. 1992) Harry V. Jaffa David Lowenthal Muhsin Mahdi Harvey C. Mansfield, Jr. Arnaldo Momigliano (d. 1987) Michael Oakeshott (d. 1990) Ellis Sandoz Leo Strauss (d. 1973) Kenneth W. Thompson European Editors Terence E. Marshall Heinrich Meier Editors Wayne Ambler Maurice Auerbach Fred Baumann Michael Blaustein - Mark Blitz Patrick Coby Edward J. Erler Maureen Feder-Marcus Joseph E. Goldberg Stephen Harvey Pamela K. Jensen Ken Masugi Grant B. Mindle James W. Morris Will Morrisey Aryeh L. Motzkin Charles T. Rubin Leslie G. Rubin Bradford P. Wilson Hossein Ziai Michael Zuckert Catherine Zuckert Manuscript Editor Lucia B. Prochnow Subscriptions Subscription rates per volume (3 issues): individuals $25 libraries and all other institutions $40 students (four-year limit) $16 Single copies available. -
Beauty, Proportion, and Truth: the Good in the Philebus
BEAUTY, PROPORTION, AND TRUTH: THE GOOD IN THE PHILEBUS by Samuel B. Sutherland Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2011 © Copyright by Samuel B. Sutherland, 2011 DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS The undersigned hereby certify that they have read and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies for acceptance a thesis entitled “BEAUTY, PROPORTION, AND TRUTH: THE GOOD IN THE PHILEBUS” by Samuel B. Sutherland in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Dated: 23 August, 2011 Supervisor: _________________________________ Readers: _________________________________ _________________________________ ii DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY DATE: 23 August, 2011 AUTHOR: Samuel B. Sutherland TITLE: BEAUTY, PROPORTION, AND TRUTH: THE GOOD IN THE PHILEBUS DEPARTMENT OR SCHOOL: CLASSICS DEGREE: MA CONVOCATION: October YEAR: 2011 Permission is herewith granted to Dalhousie University to circulate and to have copied for non-commercial purposes, at its discretion, the above title upon the request of individuals or institutions. I understand that my thesis will be electronically available to the public. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s written permission. The author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of any copyrighted material appearing in the thesis (other than the brief excerpts