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Landslide, Debris Flow & Rock Fall Technologies

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Landslide, Debris Flow & Rock Fall Technologies Landslide, Debris Flow & Rock Fall Technologies Geotechnical Centrifuge Embankment Slope Stability during an Earthquake Countermeasures against Soft Ground Debris Flow Hazard Analysis & Prediction Realtime Debris Flow Hazard Prediction and System Slope Stability Analysis Seepage Flow Analysis Numerical Simulation of Slope Reinforcement Structures Analysis of Rock Fall Hazards R&D Center for Innovation, New Technologies & Engineering Solutions 2304 Inarihara, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 300-1259, JAPAN Email: [email protected] Web: www.n-koei.co.jp/english/rd-center/index.html 27 Geotechnical Centrifuge Modeling • NK’s geotechnical centrifuge with shaking table performs model tests to obtain the solutions of geotechnical problems such as 2.6m strength, stiffness and capacity of foundations for embankments, slope stability, and tunnel stability. • The Shaking table can produce seismic conditions. • R&D center has performed more then 400 centrifuge model tests over the last 40 years. The centrifuge spins its arm and increases gravitational acceleration to a physical model in order to produce identical stress-strain condition in the small-scale model and real-size prototype. NK Centrifuge The centrifuge has a radius of 2.6 m, a maximum centrifugal acceleration of 250G, and a maximum payload of 1,000 kgf. 3G (30 rpm) 30G (100 rpm) 120G (200 rpm) Embankment Slope Stability during an Earthquake NK’s geotechnical centrifuge with a shaking table 800 is used to obtain the solution of slope failure of an 600 Level 2 (gal) 400 200 embankment during a earthquake. 0 -200 The shaking table is equipped with an electro- -400 Case2 -600 Acceleration Toyoura sand hydraulic servo control and has a maximum -800 0 10 20 30 40 Time (sec) centrifugal acceleration of 100G, a maximum shaking acceleration: 25G (1/30 model 818gal), Shaking table Seismic wave frequency Range: 10-400Hz, and maximum velocity: 40 cm/s. Country Project Japan Highway embankment stability Slope failure line during earthquakes Japan Levee embankment stability Embankment model after shaking during earthquakes Countermeasures against Soft Ground NK’s geotechnical centrifuge has been used to solve geotechnical problems of soft grounds for Embankment land reclamation and the slope stability of Embankment highway embankment. Soft ground Country Project Soft ground Japan Highway embankment stability on a soft ground Japan Ground upheaval phenomenon Lateral flow of marine soft Stability of a highway caused by the rise of groundwater ground due to reclamation embankment on soft ground level and its effect on underground infrastructures Debris Flow Hazard Analysis and Prediction The threat of debris flow disasters caused by heavy rainfalls frequently occur all over the world, especially from climate change and excessive land use. Various numerical simulations, coupled with the hydraulic experiments, make it possible to estimate a debris flow disaster and evaluate the validity of a plan and the design of countermeasures. DEM analysis for sediment capture effectiveness of a slit-type check Dam, comparing with a hydraulic experiment Country Project Japan DEM Analysis and Hydraulic Inundation depth experiment for a Slit-type Check Dam 1m～ 0.5～1.0 Japan A two-dimensional Debris Flow 0.3～0.5 0.1～0.3 Simulation ～0.1 Japan Real-time Debris Flow Hazard Prediction System A two-dimesional debris flow simulation Realtime Debris Flow Hazard Prediction and System This system is used to monitor debris flows as the basis to issue alerts and evacuation notice. Numerical simulation models coupled with parallel computing use realtime forecast rainfall to compute groundwater levels and river discharge in a target catchment, and to predict slope failure hazard areas and debris flood area. The prediction is monitored as a hazard map in Web-GIS every 10 minutes. 10 min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min Forecast rainfall Groundwater level prediction, every 10 minutes up to 60 minutes later 30 ・・・ Observation観測流量 25 ― Estimation予測再現計算 /s) 3 20 /s] 3 15 流量[m 10 Discharge(m 5 0 2004/10/19 2004/10/20 2004/10/21 2004/10/22 日時 Date Display image on the real- Debris flow prediction Slope failure prediction Correction of predictive time hazard map system up to 60 minutes later up to 60 minutes later values by neural network Slope Stability Analysis Slope disasters such as landslides, debris flow and rock falls threaten not only human lives but also social infrastructures, and there is concern that gigantic earthquakes and extreme rainfalls will continue to increase in frequency in the future. We provide economical and reliable solutions for both soft and hard countermeasures by coupling our numerical simulations and experimental technologies Jizukiyama landslide with conventional engineering technologies. (http://www.zenchiren.or.jp//tikei/saigai.htm) Slope stability analyses which we have worked on are as follows: • Numerical Simulation of slope reinforcement structures • Seepage flow analysis • Analysis of rock fall hazard Rock fall disaster Seepage Flow Analysis Groundwater drainage works are often Drainage well model planned and designed based on experience of the old works, but they are not always economical. A two or three-dimensional finite element seepage flow analysis helps make a quantitative evaluation on groundwater drainage works and identify their effective locations. Drainage wells Seepage analysis model for a land slide Country Project Japan Plan and design of groundwater drainage works for a large land slide block Japan Design of groundwater drainage works for land slides along the shore of a reservoir Simulated groundwater drawdown around drainage wells A finite element model of a target land slide block and groundwater drainage wells Numerical Simulation of Slope Reinforcement Structures Often, the dimensions and intervals of reinforcement installations are uniformly designed over the whole of a landslide block or a slope. However, the effectiveness of the reinforcement installations obviously differs at their installed locations Numerical analysis helps identify their effective locations and also determine the economical design. Reinforcement installation with concrete slope protection Country Project Japan Detailed design of concrete slope Original slope line protection using tieback anchors Japan Basic design of large reinforcement Tieback installation for a landslides block anchors Laos Slope stability analysis for the hydropower project 2D-FEM analysis for reinforcement Installations on a steep slope Analysis of Rock Fall Hazards Source of rock fall The behavior of falling rocks differs according to the shape of rocks, slope configuration and vegetative cover. The Distinct Element Method (DEM) directly models the shape of falling rocks and a mechanism of their collision against the slope. Therefore, the simulation can predict the Rock fall trajectory of falling rocks and also helps design rock-fall protection structures such as a rock- Rock-shed shed. A slope configuration and a falling rock Country Project Japan Basic design of rock sheds for a highway Japan Investigation and evaluation for rock fall hazards Simulated trajectories of falling rocks .
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