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3.8 Cultural Heritage

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3.8 Cultural Heritage Newport Sewerage Scheme Environmental Impact Statement 3.8 CULTURAL HERITAGE 3.8.1 INTRODUCTION 3.8.1.1 This chapter of the Environmental Impact Statement describes the Cultural Heritage in the existing environment surrounding the proposed development and is divided into the following sub-sections; 3.8 CULTURAL HERITAGE 3.8.1 INTRODUCTION 3.8.2 METHODOLOGY - General - On-Shore Assessment - Off-Shore Assessment - Impact Assessment Methodology 3.8.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT - Historical Overview: Newport Town - Historical Overview: The Townlands and Islands - On-Shore Assessment - Off-Shore/Inter-Tidal Assessment 3.8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS - Construction and Operational Phase Impacts - ‘Worst Case Scenario’ Impact - ‘Do-Nothing’ Impact 3.8.5 MITIGATION MEASURES - Construction and Operational Phases 3.8.6 RESIDUAL IMPACTS 3.8.1.2 ÆGIS Archaeology Limited were commissioned to conduct a Cultural Heritage Assessment in September/October 2004 as part of the EIS for the proposed development in Newport. The study included both the proposed development area and the surrounding (on-shore and offshore) environs. The objective of the assessment was to examine the potential impact on the archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage For inspection due to purposes the only.proposed development and to identify mitigation Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. measures where necessary. The report includes a catalogue of known archaeological sites and features in the area and ship wreck data for the region. A copy of the specialist report is included in Volume III of this statement as Appendix 8- Archaeological Impact Assessment . 3.8.1.3 At the request of the Maritime Unit of the National Monuments Section of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, a preliminary archaeological assessment of the route of the proposed pipeline between Derrinumera landfill and the proposed Newport waste water treatment plant was also undertaken. This assessment is included in the environmental impact statement which was prepared to accompany the waste licence review application for Derrinumera landfill. B8838-N-R-09-B FINAL 146 EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:02:24 Newport Sewerage Scheme Environmental Impact Statement 3.8.2 METHODOLOGY General 3.8.2.1 The cultural heritage assessment comprised of a desk based study and a field assessment of the study area of the on-shore and off-shore elements of the proposed development. A meeting was conducted with the Maritime Unit of the National Monuments Section of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government in September 2004 to agree the scope of the assessment. On-Shore Assessment 3.8.2.2 The on-shore assessment comprised a desk based study and a field assessment of the area. The desk based study comprised of: • The Recorded Monuments and Places (RMP) constraint maps and accompanying lists were consulted; • Where available the Archaeological Survey of Ireland SMR was consulted for each location; • A range of general histories and archaeological books relating to each site were consulted; • Cartographic sources were used, mainly the RMP and the supplied maps from the client, as well as the first edition six inch maps (dated to c. 1840); • Pipe-line location maps; • Previous archaeological works at each site were assessed as an indication of the potential archaeology of that site (where applicable); • Infra-red Aerial photographs were analysed for the sewerage scheme routes (National Coastline Survey, Marine Institute) 3.8.2.3 The on-shore field assessment comprised of: • The pipelines were walked by a qualified archaeologist in September/October 2004; • The proposed pumping For station inspection sites purposes and only.the inter-tidal area was inspected; and Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. • The islands were visited in October 2004. 3.8.2.4 None of the study area has been subject to an Archaeology Urban Survey nor is there a published inventory of archaeological monuments for the county, as there are for other counties. The main texts used in the area histories were the O’Donovan Letters and Name books, a record of the townland and parish names for the county with brief accounts on the most notable antiquities of the area ( c. 1840), The Shell Guide to Ireland (Killanin and Duignan 1967), a comprehensive gazetteer of Irish village and towns, and The Topographical Dictionary of Ireland , an excellent account of the main towns and all the counties of Ireland, as they stood in the early 1800s (Lewis 1837). 3.8.2.5 Other sources used to determine the cultural heritage value of the areas were the Record of Monuments and Places or RMP and the accompanying list of sites (Archaeological Survey of Ireland 1997). The information from these sources has been tabularised. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland retains files on each RMP site known as the SMR. These were also consulted. The National Museum of Ireland files, known as the Topographical Files were also checked to identify archaeological artefact sites that may be on or near the proposed pipe routes. 3.8.2.6 The yearly Excavations Bulletin , which summarises licensed archaeological work in the country, by county (Bennett, various dates) was checked for up-to-date information on recent archaeological discoveries in each of the locations in the study group. Excavation summaries for the years 1996- 2002 inclusive were included. None of the locations were included in the Bulletin for those years. B8838-N-R-09-B FINAL 147 EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:02:24 Newport Sewerage Scheme Environmental Impact Statement 3.8.2.7 The files of the Archaeological Survey of Ireland, held by the National Monuments Section, DOEHLG, and the Topographical Files housed in the National Museum of Ireland were examined. Low-level infrared aerial photographs from the National Coastline Survey were also studied. Off-Shore Assessment 3.8.2.8 The offshore study in addition to the above, comprised a desk based examination of: • The Maritime Archaeology Survey for the Newport area was consulted (Archaeological Survey of Ireland Maritime Unit) in order to undertake a paper survey of the area near the sea. Impact Assessment Methodology 3.8.2.9 The impact assessment methodology utilised is based on the Environmental Protection Agency publication Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements, March 2002 . As per these guidelines, all impacts have been described in a systematic and comprehensive manner involving a description of each of the predicted impacts based on the following criteria; • Character; • Magnitude; • Duration; • Consequences; • Significance; and • Certainty. 3.8.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT Historical Overview – Newport Town 3.8.3.1 Newport is a village near the northeast corner of Clew Bay, 11 kilometres north of Westport and 20 kilometres west of Castlebar. The town is called Newport Pratt in William Seward’s Toponomia Hibernica in 1795, based on the former Treasury official, who founded the town early in the eighteenth century. The older form of the Irish name was Baile Ó bhFiachán, which appears in the Senchus Búrcach in c. 1578, and in anglicised form as Ballyovighan in the Calendar of Ormond Deeds in 1576. No town existed at Balleveghane until the early eighteenth century, when Mr. Pratt, the former treasury official, acquired the lease and began to develop the town on the present site of For inspection purposes only. Newport. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 3.8.3.2 The old town and pier were at Burrishoole, by the Dominican Abbey. Pratt set about introducing a colony of Quakers to the area. However by the 1720s the Quakers were having difficulty making ends meet, and by 1756 the community considered leaving the area. Some of the eighteenth century houses remain on Medlicott Street today. 3.8.3.3 The site of the town was chosen by Captain Pratt because of its green field nature and its potential for shipping. Though subject to tidal influences, the quay can provide up to 4.5 metres of water, enough for 18th century trading ships of 500 tonnes or less. The town prospered in the 18th century. Houses were built, churches flourished, and trade was brisk. The Society of Friends were among the first inhabitants, though no trace of them remains today. Catholics, Protestants, Presbyterians and Methodists all had churches in the town. In the mid 18th century, the Land Agent, James Moore, controlled the town and its hinterland. He was a successful businessman who encouraged building and trade. By the late 18th century the O’Donel family had acquired the Medlycot estate, and built Newport House, overlooking the harbour from the north side. 3.8.3.4 Newport, or Newport-Pratt has been described as a market and post town. It is situated at the extremity of Clew Bay and was the original port of discharge for the county of Mayo. The river Beltra flows into the bay and the Burrishoole River also flows through the parish. In 1837, the town consisted of one principal street and several others, containing about 230 houses. The trade in the area was formally very extensive, however today much of the trade has been transferred to Westport. The 19th century saw the town and the surrounding district’s population explode to over 12,000 B8838-N-R-09-B FINAL 148 EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:02:24 Newport Sewerage Scheme Environmental Impact Statement people before famine left a shattered community, emigration or starvation. After the famine, one man, Martin Carey, began to develop trade and industry in the town again. Many of the buildings that remain in the town to this day were funded and constructed by the Carey family. Martin Carey provided over half the costs of the beautiful St.
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