DOCSLIB.ORG

Natural History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Natural History niir=Jlir^Mr^iir^ir^J|EJ|[:^|L:i||L=U|La|L=U|L=U|L=J|U=J|l=J|U=J|t=JH B CLASSICAL LIBRARY ; Compkte list of Locb titlcs can he Jound at thc end ofeach vohime PLINY the Elder, Gaius Plinius Secundus (A.D. 23-79), a Roman oi equestrian rank of Transpadane Gaul (N. ItaK ), was iincle of Pliny the letter writer. He pur- sued a career partlv miiitary in Germany, jiartlv administrative in Gaul and Spain under the emperor Vespasian, became prefect of the fleet at Misenum, and died in the eruption of Vesuvius when he went to get a closer view and to rescue friends. Tireless worker, reader, and writer, he was author of works nov, lost, but his S^reat haturaJis Hiswria in 37 books with its vast collection of facts (and alleged facts) survives-a mine ot intormation despite its uncritical character. Book 1 : table of contents of the cjthers and ol authorities ; 2 : mathematical and metro- logical survev ot the universe; 3-6: geographv and ethnoaraphv of the known world; 7: anthropolojjv and the phvsio- logy of man ; 8-1 i : zooloav; 12-19: botanv, agriculture and horticulture 20-27 : plantproductsasusedinmedicine; 28-32 medical zoologv; 33-37: minerals (and medicine), the hne arts and gem- stones. LIER THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAME3 LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY tT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. tE. CAPPS. PH.D., LL.D. tW. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. L. A. POST, L.H.D. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc. PLINY NATURAL HISTORY VII LIBRI XXIV-XXVII 393 PLINY NATURAL HISTORY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION IN TEN VOLUMES VOLUME VII LIBRI XXIV-XXVII BT W. H. S. JONES, LiTT.D., F.B.A., IIONORAHY PEIAOW, ST. CATHAK1NE'S LOLLEGE, OAMBRIDQE CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MCMLXVI First pTinted 1956 Reprinted 1966 Printed in Great Britain CONTENTS P&QK PREFACE Vii INTRODUCTION ix BOOK XSIV 1 BOOK XXV 135 BooK XXVI 263 BOOK xxvn 387 ADDITIONAL NOTES 482 INDEX OF PLANTS 485 LIST OF DISBASES AND AFFECTIONS 647 INDEX OF NAMES 555 PREFACE I wiSH to thank Professor A. C. Andrews of the University of Miami for the great help he has been in the preparation of this volume. I sometimes refer to him as A.C.A. Expert botanical knowledge is essential for the sokition of many problems that have arisen, esj^ecially in the compilation of the Index of Plants. My rough draft of this he revised, making many additions : these amount to several pages. For the errors that inevitably remain in my work I alone am responsible. My thanks are also due to the stafF of the Cam- bridge School of Botany and to Professor C. O. Brink of the same University. INTRODUCTION The Manuscripts ov these Books (Chiefly from Mayhoff) N Nonantulanus (Sessorianus) 5th or 6th century, a palimpsest, now in Rome, once in a Benedictine Monastery at Nonantula, near Modena. Later Manuscripts Ist fa^nily V Leidensis Vossianus, llth century or earlier. R codex Florentinus Riccardianus, about 1100 A.D. d codex Parisinus latinus, 6797, 13th century. F codex Leidensis, llth century. T codex Toletanus, 13th century. X the better parts of X, ex exemplari prioris familiae (MayhofF). 2ndfamily E codex Parisinus latinus 6795, lOth or llth century. r coiTCctions from an unknown MS. noted in R. a codex Vindobonensis CCXXXIV. X codex Luxemburgensis, the parts not included in X. Codd." in the apparatus criticus is usually the same as Mayhoffs //., i.e., a consensus of VR(r)dE, some- ix INTRODUCTION times only a consensus of several MSS. of the more reliable kind. Vulg. = the textus receptus of the early " editions. Of FTx MayhofF says : lectiones ita tantum adnotatae sunt, ut e silentio nihil co)icludendum sit." The edition of Dalecamp (1587) has in the margin : (1) readings of a lost MS. ; (2) readings of a lost edition or conjectures of an miknown scholar. " In the critical notes (1) is called cod. Dal." and " (2) vet. Dal." As to the value of these MSS., I have generally followed Mayhoff. The method adopted in fixing the text has been to accept as correct the parts where Detlefsen and MayhofF agree, except in a few places where internal evidence or the text of Dioscorides pointed to another reading. Where these two editors differ I have tried to choose the HkeHer of the two readings. If I felt that neither alternative could be accepted, I have sometimes ventured on an emendation suggested by a fViend or thought out by myself, but never, I hope, where a reasonable reading is found in at least one MS. of fair authority. Such a method as this would be unsafe were it not for the fact that Mayhoffs apparatus criticus is both full and trustworthy. Although one who has not collated, or at least personally examined,the MSS.in Mayhoffs apparatus, cannot claim to appreciate fully their relative im- portance, yet he must acquire, as he studies their various readings, some conception of the weight to be attached to them. Such a critic, however, should exercise even greater caution than the critic fully equipped for his task. For his judgment, however gi-eat his knowledge is of PHnian usage, of the parallel passages in Theophrastus and Dioscorides, INTRODUCTION and of the principles of textual criticism, is certain to be influenced unduly by the subjective element in his reasoning. A translator, however, although he would prefer to spend all his tirae and care on his proper task of translating, is sometimes compelled to defend a new reading or suggest an emendation, because in his opinion such a course is required by the sense of the passage. But the extra caution neces- sary in these cases has made me refrain from mention- ing some emendations of my own that I thought possible or even hkely. It is, moreover, often for- gotten that an ancient author—and this perhaps appHes especially to PHny—may himself have made mistakes, even bad ones, that escaped the notice of his corrector, if he had one. SOME DlFFICULT WoRDS IN PlINY. THE ADJECTIVE PINOUIS APPLIED TO LEAVES There are in PUny few words more perplexing than pinguis when applied to leaves. ForcelUni says " pinguia folia: crassa et veluti carnosa." PHny, however, uses it to translate Xnrapog, which is very common in Dioscorides, and is rendered by Hort " glossy " (leaves) in his edition of Theophrastus. " It is therefore tempting to use " glossy to trans- late PHny's pinguis (and the Xnrapog of Dioscorides) on all occasions, but there are difficulties. The latter " " has (IV 170) : KXcova? Xnrapovg, and glossy twigs seems unUkely ; while PHny in XXV § 124 speaks of radicibus pinguibus, which is surely " juicy roots." It " would appear that " juicy is at least a possible translation of pinguis, especially as PHny often speaks of leaves having a sucus. Examples are : sucus ; INTRODUCTION foUorum (XXIV §§ 47 and 131) ; foliis exprimitur sucus (XXIV § 70) ; fit etfoliis sucus (XXIV § 109) ; sucus e fronde (XXV § 68). The claims of " fleshy " have to be considered. On the face of it, perhaps, it is a more natural epithet for leaves than either " glossy " or " juicy," and it is the only meaning given by ForcelUni. Against the rendering must be put the frequent use of aapKcohrjg by our Greek authorities in this sense, often in close conjunction wath XLTrapog. In Phny XXV § 161 occurs a phrase which seems at flrst sight to settle the matter. He speaks of folia . carnosa, pinguia^ larga suco. Does this mean " fleshy, glossy, juicy leaves "? The last two epithets, however, may be connected, which would give the sense: " rich with copious juice." This is perhaps unlikely, but cannot be ruled out as im- possible. The parallel passage in Dioscorides (IV 88, 89) does not help in deciding the question. Hort may be right in translating Xnrapog by " glossy," but what did PUny take it to mean when apphed to leaves ? A consideration of all the per- " tinent passages suggests a combination of " glossy " and " fleshy," i.e., not necessarily large, but sleek and plump." Perhaps, if a single word must be chosen to render pijiguis whenever it occurs, " rich gets as near to Phny's idea of the meaning as the Enghsh language will permit. But unfortunately modern botanists are opposed to this rendering. It may seem that the best course would be to identify the leaf referred to, and to vary the trans- lation to suit the actual facts. Botanists, however, ^ Littre translates pinguia (into the French) " grasses " Bostock and Rilej " unctuous." xii ; INTRODUCTION point out (1) that identification is often uncertain (2) that we may know the genus, but not the species of the plant mentioned, and (3) that a leaf is often both fleshy and glossy. " " On the whole, perhaps fleshy is the best trans- lation, except in cases where another rendering is obviously desirable. Words signifying colours are very troublesome in the botanical parts of Phny ; niger, candidus, alhus, purpureus, bewilder the translator nearly every time they occur. " " " " I have used black and white unless there is something in the context that makes " dark " and " " hght more appropriate ; the comparative ?iigrior, for instance, is more hkely to be " darker " than " blacker " when apphed to leaves or stalks. Phny has quite a long section (IX, 124-141) deaUng vvith purpura. It is plain from this that the colour referred to was usually a deep red tinged with more or less blue, our " purple " in fact, the most esteemed variety being hke clotted blood.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes
    The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Charles Rann Kennedy The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Table of Contents The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes..............................................................................................1 Charles Rann Kennedy...................................................................................................................................1 THE FIRST OLYNTHIAC............................................................................................................................1 THE SECOND OLYNTHIAC.......................................................................................................................6 THE THIRD OLYNTHIAC........................................................................................................................10 THE FIRST PHILIPPIC..............................................................................................................................14 THE SECOND PHILIPPIC.........................................................................................................................21 THE THIRD PHILIPPIC.............................................................................................................................25 THE FOURTH PHILIPPIC.........................................................................................................................34 i The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Charles Rann Kennedy This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Poets of the Augustan Age: Virgil by W
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Roman Poets of the Augustan Age: Virgil by W. Y. Sellar This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Roman Poets of the Augustan Age: Virgil Author: W. Y. Sellar Release Date: October 29, 2010 [Ebook 34163] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ROMAN POETS OF THE AUGUSTAN AGE: VIRGIL*** THE ROMAN POETS OF THE AUGUSTAN AGE: VIRGIL. BY W. Y. SELLAR, M.A., LL.D. LATE PROFESSOR OF HUMANITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND FELLOW OF ORIEL COLLEGE, OXFORD iv The Roman Poets of the Augustan Age: Virgil THIRD EDITION OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AMEN HOUSE, E.C. 4 London Edinburgh Glasgow New York Toronto Melbourne Capetown Bombay Calcutta Madras HUMPHREY MILFORD PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY vi The Roman Poets of the Augustan Age: Virgil IMPRESSION OF 1941 FIRST EDITION, 1877 THIRD EDITION, 1897 vii PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN TO E. L. LUSHINGTON, ESQ., D.C.L., LL.D., ETC. LATE PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. MY DEAR LUSHINGTON, Any old pupil of yours, in finishing a work either of classical scholarship or illustrative of ancient literature, must feel that he owes to you, probably more than to any one else, the impulse which directed him to these studies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shield As Pedagogical Tool in Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes
    АНТИЧНОЕ ВОСПИТАНИЕ ВОИНА ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ АРХЕОЛОГИИ, ФИЛОЛОГИИ И ИСТОРИИ ПЕДАГОГИКИ THE SHIELD AS PEDAGOGICAL TOOL IN AESCHYLUS’ SEVEN AGAINST THEBES* Victoria K. PICHUGINA The article analyzes the descriptions of warriors in Aeschylus’s tragedy Seven against Thebes that are given in the “shield scene” and determines the pedagogical dimension of this tragedy. Aeschylus pays special attention to the decoration of the shields of the com- manders who attacked Thebes, relying on two different ways of dec- orating the shields that Homer describes in The Iliad. According to George Henry Chase’s terminology, in Homer, Achilles’ shield can be called “a decorative” shield, and Agamemnon’s shield is referred to as “a terrible” shield. Aeschylus turns the description of the shield decoration of the commanders attacking Thebes into a core element of the plot in Seven against Thebes, maximizing the connection be- tween the image on the shield and the shield-bearer. He created an elaborate system of “terrible” and “decorative” shields (Aesch. Sept. 375-676), as well as of the shields that cannot be categorized as “ter- rible” and “decorative” (Aesch. Sept. 19; 43; 91; 100; 160). The analysis of this system made it possible to put forward and prove three hypothetical assumptions: 1) In Aeschylus, Eteocles demands from the Thebans to win or die, focusing on the fact that the city cre- ated a special educational space for them and raised them as shield- bearers. His patriotic speeches and, later, his judgments expressed in the “shield scene” demonstrate a desire to justify and then test the educational concept “ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς” (“either with it, or upon it”) (Plut.
    [Show full text]
  • HERODOTUS I I I 1 IV I I BOOKS VIII-IX I I I I L I I I I I I 1 I 1 I L I 1 I 1 I I I I L G Translated by I a D
    I I 1 I 1 OEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY I i I 1 I I I m HERODOTUS I i I 1 IV i I BOOKS VIII-IX I i i I l I I I I i i 1 I 1 i l i 1 i 1 I I i I l g Translated by i A D. GODLEY i i I 1 I I iN Complete list of Lock titles can be V*o Jound at the end of each volume the historian HERODOTUS grc-at Greek was born about 484 B.C., at Halicar- nassus in Caria, Asia Minor, when it was subject to the Persians. He travelled in of Asia widely most Minor, Egypt (as as far Assuan), North Africa, Syria, the country north of the Black Sea, and many parts of the Aegean Sea and the mainland of Greece. He lived, it seems, for some time in Athens, and in 443 went with other colonists to the new city Thurii (in he died about South Italy) where 430 B.C. He was 'the prose correlative of the bard, a narrator of the deeds of real men, and a describer of foreign places' (Murray). His famous history of warfare between the Greeks and the Persians has an epic enhances his dignity which delightful style. It includes the rise of the Persian power and an account of the Persian the empire ; description of Egypt fills one book; because Darius attacked Scythia, the geography and customs of that land are also even in the later books on the given ; the Persians attacks of against Greece there are digressions.o All is most entertainingo a After and produces grand unity.
    [Show full text]
  • STUDIES in the DEVELOPMENT of ROYAL AUTHORITY in ARGEAD MACEDONIA WILLIAM STEVEN GREENWALT Annandale, Virginia B.A., University
    STUDIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROYAL AUTHORITY IN ARGEAD MACEDONIA WILLIAM STEVEN GREENWALT Annandale, Virginia B.A., University of Virginia, 1975 M.A., University of Virginia, 1978 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May, ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the elements which defined Argead kingship from the mid-seventh until the late fourth centuries B.C. It begins by reviewing the Argead king list where it is argued that the official reckoning of the dynasty's past was exploited in order to secure the throne against rivals, including those who were Argeads. Chapter Two analyzes the principles of Argead succession and concludes that the current theories on the subject are unsatisfactory in face of the e v id enc e. Ra the r, the sources suggest that Argead succession was a function of status where many ingredients were considered before a candidate 1 eg it ima te 1 y ass urned the throne. Among the factors influencing the selection were, the status of a potential heir's mother, age, competence, order of birth, and in lieu of father to son succession, relation to the late monarch. Chapter Three outlines the development of the king's military, judicial, economic, and social responsibilities from the personal monarchy of the early period to the increa~ingly centralized realm of the fourth century. Chapter Four concentrates on the religious aspects of Argead kingship, reviewing the monarch's religious duties· and interpreting a widespread foundation myth as an attempt to distinguish Argead status by its divine origin and its specific cult responsibilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Companion Cavalry and the Macedonian Heavy Infantry
    THE ARMY OP ALEXANDER THE GREAT %/ ROBERT LOCK IT'-'-i""*'?.} Submitted to satisfy the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in the School of History in the University of Leeds. Supervisor: Professor E. Badian Date of Submission: Thursday 14 March 1974 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH X 5 Boston Spa, Wetherby </l *xj 1 West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ. * $ www.bl.uk BEST COPY AVAILABLE. TEXT IN ORIGINAL IS CLOSE TO THE EDGE OF THE PAGE ABSTRACT The army with which Alexander the Great conquered the Persian empire was "built around the Macedonian Companion cavalry and the Macedonian heavy infantry. The Macedonian nobility were traditionally fine horsemen, hut the infantry was poorly armed and badly organised until the reign of Alexander II in 369/8 B.C. This king formed a small royal standing army; it consisted of a cavalry force of Macedonian nobles, which he named the 'hetairoi' (or Companion]! cavalry, and an infantry body drawn from the commoners and trained to fight in phalangite formation: these he called the »pezetairoi» (or foot-companions). Philip II (359-336 B.C.) expanded the kingdom and greatly increased the manpower resources for war. Towards the end of his reign he started preparations for the invasion of the Persian empire and levied many more Macedonians than had hitherto been involved in the king's wars. In order to attach these men more closely to himself he extended the meaning of the terms »hetairol» and 'pezetairoi to refer to the whole bodies of Macedonian cavalry and heavy infantry which served under him on his campaigning.
    [Show full text]
  • Hippocrates in Context Studies in Ancient Medicine
    HIPPOCRATES IN CONTEXT STUDIES IN ANCIENT MEDICINE EDITED BY JOHN SCARBOROUGH PHILIP J. VAN DER EIJK ANN HANSON NANCY SIRAISI VOLUME 31 HIPPOCRATES IN CONTEXT Papers read at the XIth International Hippocrates Colloquium University of Newcastle upon Tyne 27–31 August 2002 EDITED BY PHILIP J. VAN DER EIJK BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2005 Cover illustration: Late fifteenth-century portrait of Hippocrates sitting, reading. Behind him, two standing philosophers dispute (Wellcome Library, London). This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISSN 0925–1421 ISBN 90 04 14430 7 © Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ ix Acknowledgements ...................................................................... xiii Abbreviations .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Macedonians
    Ancient Macedonians This article is about the native inhabitants of the historical kingdom of Macedonia. For the modern ethnic Greek people from Macedonia, Greece, see Macedonians (Greeks). For other uses, see Ancient Macedonian (disambiguation) and Macedonian (disambiguation). From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ANCIENT MACEDONIANS ΜΑΚΕΔΌΝΕΣ Stag Hunt Mosaic, 4th century BC Languages. Ancient Macedonian, then Attic Greek, and later Koine Greek Religion. ancient Greek religion The Macedonians (Greek: Μακεδόνες, Makedónes) were an ancient tribe that lived on the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmonand lower Axios in the northeastern part of mainland Greece. Essentially an ancient Greek people,[1] they gradually expanded from their homeland along the Haliacmon valley on the northern edge of the Greek world, absorbing or driving out neighbouring non-Greek tribes, primarily Thracian and Illyrian.[2][3] They spoke Ancient Macedonian, a language closely related to Ancient Greek, perhaps a dialect, although the prestige language of the region was at first Attic and then Koine Greek.[4] Their religious beliefs mirrored those of other Greeks, following the main deities of the Greek pantheon, although the Macedonians continued Archaic burial practices that had ceased in other parts of Greece after the 6th century BC. Aside from the monarchy, the core of Macedonian society was its nobility. Similar to the aristocracy of neighboring Thessaly, their wealth was largely built on herding horses and cattle. Although composed of various clans, the kingdom of Macedonia, established around the 8th century BC, is mostly associated with the Argead dynasty and the tribe named after it. The dynasty was allegedly founded by Perdiccas I, descendant of the legendary Temenus of Argos, while the region of Macedon perhaps derived its name from Makedon, a figure of Greek mythology.
    [Show full text]
  • Wandering Poets and the Dissemination of Greek Tragedy in the Fifth
    Wandering Poets and the Dissemination of Greek Tragedy in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC Edmund Stewart Abstract This work is the first full-length study of the dissemination of Greek tragedy in the earliest period of the history of drama. In recent years, especially with the growth of reception studies, scholars have become increasingly interested in studying drama outside its fifth century Athenian performance context. As a result, it has become all the more important to establish both when and how tragedy first became popular across the Greek world. This study aims to provide detailed answers to these questions. In doing so, the thesis challenges the prevailing assumption that tragedy was, in its origins, an exclusively Athenian cultural product, and that its „export‟ outside Attica only occurred at a later period. Instead, I argue that the dissemination of tragedy took place simultaneously with its development and growth at Athens. We will see, through an examination of both the material and literary evidence, that non-Athenian Greeks were aware of the works of Athenian tragedians from at least the first half of the fifth century. In order to explain how this came about, I suggest that tragic playwrights should be seen in the context of the ancient tradition of wandering poets, and that travel was a usual and even necessary part of a poet‟s work. I consider the evidence for the travels of Athenian and non-Athenian poets, as well as actors, and examine their motives for travelling and their activities on the road. In doing so, I attempt to reconstruct, as far as possible, the circuit of festivals and patrons, on which both tragedians and other poetic professionals moved.
    [Show full text]
  • DER WIENER DIOSCORIDES History and Relation to History of Art and Pharmacy
    DER WIENER DIOSCORIDES History and Relation to History of Art and Pharmacy lørdag 10. september 11 DIOSCORIDES about 20 - about 70 Dioscorides traveled extensively seeking medicinal substances from all over the Roman and Greek world De Materica Medica - 65 not illustrated lørdag 10. september 11 lørdag 10. september 11 ÖSTERREICHISCHE NATIONAL- BIBLIOTHEK Arrived inVienna 1569 Purchased by Maximillian II In The Imperial Library in 1592 UNESCO ‘s Memory of the World 1997 lørdag 10. september 11 lørdag 10. september 11 COD. MED GR.1 *Juliana Anacia Codex *Codex Vindobonensis *385 paintings of plants *Restored in 1405 by John Chortamenos Text by Dioscorides, Rufus, Dionysius of Philadelphia and Nicander Gift to Anacia Juliana. lørdag 10. september 11 lørdag 10. september 11 PEACOCK *In Greco-Roman mythology the Peacock is identified with the goddess Hera (Juno) *In Christianity the peacock is an ancient symbol of eternal life. *The Peacock represents the "all-seeing" church and resurrection, renewal and immortality lørdag 10. september 11 lørdag 10. september 11 CHIRON In Greek mythology, the centaur, Chiron, was wounded by Hercules. Though he was immortal, it is said that he invented medicine in order to heal himself. He taught Asclepius the art of healing, which became the source of all divine medical knowledge among the Greeks. Chiron was also the teacher of the hero, Achilles, who was thought to have had some special medical knowledge. lørdag 10. september 11 NIGROS about 10 - about 40 lørdag 10. september 11 MACHEON Known from Homer lørdag 10. september 11 HERAKLEIDES OF TARENT about 125 - 75 AC physician lørdag 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Richard F. Thomas Curriculum Vitae Richard F. Thomas George Martin Lane Professor of the Classics Department of the Classics Harvard University 221 Boylston Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 (617) 496-6061 [email protected] EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND B.A. Univ. of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 1972 M.A. (1st Class Hons.) Univ. of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 1973 Ph.D. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1977 TEACHING APPOINTMENTS Assistant Professor of Classics, Harvard University, 1977–82 Associate Professor of Classics, Harvard University, 1982–84 Associate Professor of Classics, University of Cincinnati, 1984–86 Professor of Classics, Cornell University, 1986–87 Professor of Greek and Latin, Harvard University, 1987–2011 Harvard College Professor 2009–14 George Martin Lane Professor of the Classics, 2011– Visiting Professor of Latin, University of Venice, May, 1991 TEACHING EXPERIENCE Graduate Seminars Roman Elegy, 1977; Greek and Roman Epigram, 1979; Virgil, Georgics, 1983, 1984, 1987; Livy, 1985; Virgil, Aeneid, 1986; Latin Palaeography, 1986; Roman Epyllion, 1987; Menander, 1990; Hellenistic Poetry, 1991; Roman Didactic 1992; Intertextuality and Genre 1993; Reception of Virgil, 1994; Callimachus from Alexandria to Rome, 1999, Greek and Latin Epigram and Elegy, 2001; Horace, Odes, 2002; Pastoral, 2005; Catullus, 2008; Virgil and Horace and their reception in the 17th and 18th centuries, 2010; Aesthetics in Hellenistic and Augustan Poetry, 2012, 2014; Tacitus, Annals 2015; Intertextuality and Reception from Alexandria to Rome and Beyond 2019 NEH Seminar for School Teachers Virgil's Aeneid, June/July, 1995 Advanced Latin Prose Composition 1978–2004, 2010 Upper-level undergraduate Greek and Latin courses Aristophanes, 1978; Livy, 1978; Horace, Odes and Epodes, 1975, 1985; Satires and Epistles, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2019; History of Latin Literature (beginnings to Aeneid) 1981, 1983, 1989, 1991; 1984–5; 1986–87, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2004 2018; Latin Lyric (Catullus and Horace), 1982, 1988; Hellenistic Poetry, 1983, 1988, 1991; August 12, 2020 1 Richard F.
    [Show full text]
  • Dioscorides the Greek
    THE HERBAL OF DIOSCORIDES THE GREEK DIOSCORIDES i COPYRIGHT NOTICE As this version essentially constitutes a new work, the editor/translator hereby asserts copyright. Permission of the publisher is required for any excerpts or copies made from the text. The illustrations are deemed in good faith to be in the public domain. © Tess Anne Osbaldeston First published in 2000 ISBN 0-620-23435-0 Printed in 12/14 Zapf Calligraphic [Palatino] Published by IBIDIS PRESS cc PO Box 81169 Parkhurst Johannesburg South Africa 2120 +27 11 788 2270 international paper fax +27 82 771 7130 international messages [email protected] e-mail ISBN 0-620-23435-0 9 780620 234351 0 0> Bursera gummifera after FAGUET— 1888 [opposite] ii THE HERBAL OF DIOSCORIDES THE GREEK DIOSCORIDES DE MATERIA MEDICA BEING AN HERBAL WITH MANY OTHER MEDICINAL MATERIALS WRITTEN IN GREEK IN THE FIRST CENTURY OF THE COMMON ERA A NEW INDEXED VERSION IN MODERN ENGLISH BY TA OSBALDESTON AND RPA WOOD iii Cucumis turcicus - Cucurbita pepo from FUCHS — 1542 iv THE HERBAL OF DIOSCORIDES THE GREEK CONTENTS EDITORIAL PREFACE — vii ORIGINAL DEDICATION — viii BIBLIOGRAPHY — xiii INTRODUCTION — xx ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS — xl THE BOTANICAL ILLUSTRATIONS — xlii PRINTED BOOKS — il GAZETTEER OF DIOSCORIDES’ WORLD — lxviii BOOK ONE: AROMATICS — 1 OILS — 34 OINTMENTS — 48 GUMS from TREES — 78 FRUIT from TREES — 149 FRUIT TREES — 153 BOOK TWO — 183 LIVING CREATURES — 184 FATS — 212 FRUMENTACEA: CEREALS — 229 LACHANA: VEGETABLES — 243 HERBS WITH A SHARP QUALITY — 304 BOOK THREE: ROOTS — 363 ROOTS OF AKANTHODA or PRICKLY PLANTS — 377 BOOK FOUR: OTHER HERBS & ROOTS — 541 BOOK FIVE: VINES & WINES — 741 WINES — 747 OTHER WINES — 759 METALLIC STONES — 781 INDEXES ALTERNATE NAMES — 832 ILLUSTRATIONS — 847 LATINISED GREEK NAMES — 851 MEDICINAL USES etc.
    [Show full text]