Involuntary Resettlement Assessment and Measures

Resettlement Action Plan: River Training Works Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 35049 June 2010

BAN: Padma Bridge Project

Prepared by Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Government of Bangladesh.

The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. i

TABLE CONTENTS TABLE CONTENTS...... i LIST OF TABLES ...... iv LIST OF FIGURES ...... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... vi ABBREVIATIONS...... xi GLOSSARY ...... xiii CHAPTER 1...... 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW AND RAP III...... 1 1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.2 Project Background ...... 1 1.2 Project Benefits & Adverse Impacts ...... 2 1.3 Measures to Minimize Impact...... 3 1.4 Approach adopted towards safeguard issues...... 3 1.4 Description of RTW ...... 4 1.5 Objective of RAP III ...... 6 CHAPTER 2...... 7 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILES OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION...... 7 2.1 Project Area...... 7 2.2 General Profile of three Districts...... 7 2.3 Socioeconomic Profile of Affected Population ...... 10 2.3.1 Demographic Information ...... 10 2.3.2 Level of Education...... 11 2.3.3 Occupational Profile ...... 12 2.3.4 Level of Income of Affected Population ...... 13 2.3.5 Poverty Status...... 14 2.3.6 Migration ...... 15 2.4 Gender Status ...... 15 2.5 Gender impacts of the Project ...... 16 2.6 Summary...... 17 CHAPTER 3...... 18 IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ...... 18 3.1 The Project Impacts ...... 18 3.2 Scope of Land Acquisition ...... 19 3.4 Impact on Agricultural Land...... 19 3.5 Project induced Displacement ...... 20 3.5.1 Gender Disaggregated data of the Displaced Households ...... 20 3.5.2 Type of Affected Structures ...... 20 3.5.3 Construction Type of Affected Structures ...... 21 3.6 Affected Trees...... 21 3.7 Impact on Wage Earners...... 22 3.8 Vulnerability Status of Affected Households ...... 22 CHAPTER 4...... 24 CONSULTATION, DISCLOSURE AND PARTICIPATION ...... 24 4.1 Project Stakeholders ...... 24 4.2 Stakeholders’ Attitudes towards the Project ...... 25 4.3 Consultation Process adopted in PMBP...... 25 ii

4.3.1 Public Consultation and Participation during Feasibility Study...... 26 4.3.2 Consultations during PPTA Studies...... 28 4.4 Disclosure and Consultation on River Training Works...... 28 4.5 Environmental Assessment Consultative Process...... 30 4.6 Public Disclosure of RAP III...... 31 4.7 Strategy for Community Consultation and Participation during implementation...... 31 CHAPTER 5...... 32 POLICY FRAMEWORK, ENTITLEMENTS AND RELOCATION...... 32 5.1 Legislations Governing Land Acquisition in Bangladesh ...... 32 5.2 Resettlement Experience in Bangladesh...... 32 5.3 Harmonization with Co-financing Policies...... 33 5.4 Resettlement Policy Framework for the Project...... 33 5.5 Cut-off Dates ...... 34 5.6 Valuation of Assets...... 35 5.7 Resettlement Eligibility and Entitlements...... 35 5.7.1 Eligibility Criteria...... 35 5.7.2 Compensation and Entitlement Policy ...... 36 CHAPTER 6...... 46 RELOCATION, SITE DEVELOPMENT AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 46 6.1 Displacement and Relocation...... 46 6.2 Social Preparation for Relocation and Resettlement ...... 46 6.3 Preferred Option for Relocation...... 47 6.3.1 Self-Managed Resettlement by Affected Households...... 47 6.3.2 Small Group Resettlement ...... 48 6.3.3 Relocation to Project-Sponsored Sites ...... 48 6.4 Resettlement Site Selection and Development...... 48 6.4.1 Participation and Site Development...... 48 6.4.2 Plot Sizes and Allocation ...... 50 6.5 Host Community Facilities ...... 51 6.6 Gender Planning and other vulnerable groups ...... 51 6.7 Physical Cultural Resources...... 52 6.8 CEMP and Public Health Action Plan ...... 53 CHAPTER 7...... 54 INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PROGRAM (ILRP)...... 54 7.1 Impacts on Income ...... 54 7.2 Approach towards Income and Livelihood Restoration...... 54 7.2.1 Short-term Income and Livelihood Restoration Measures ...... 55 7.2.2 Long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan...... 57 7.3 Needs Assessment and Feasibility Study for viable income and livelihood restoration options...... 58 7.4 Institutional Arrangement for ILRP...... 59 CHAPTER 8...... 61 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR RAP III IMPLEMENTATION ...... 61 8.1 Introduction ...... 61 8.2 Institutional Framework for RAP III ...... 61 8.3 Roles and Responsibilities ...... 63 8.3.1 Role of the Executive Director ...... 63 8.3.2 Role of the Project Director ...... 63 8.3.3 Role of Resettlement Unit (RU) ...... 64 8.3.4 RU – Role of the SE (Resettlement)...... 65 iii

8.3.5 Role of Executive Engineer - Resettlement ...... 66 8.3.6 Role of Deputy Director – M&E ...... 67 8.3.7 Functions and Powers of Assistant Engineer - Resettlement ...... 68 8.3.8 Functions of Sub-Assistant Engineers...... 68 8.3.9 Role of Deputy Commissioners’ Office(s)...... 68 8.3.10 Role of Implementing NGOs...... 69 8.3.11 Role of Project Consultants ...... 69 8.3.12 Role of External Monitoring Agency ...... 69 8.4 Resettlement Management Committees...... 69 8.4.1 Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) ...... 70 8.4.2 Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) ...... 71 8.4.3 Inventory Verification Committee (IVC)...... 72 8.4.4 Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC)...... 73 8.5 Capacity Building for Resettlement Management...... 75 8.6 Implementation and Monitoring Database ...... 75 8.7 RAP-III Implementation Schedule...... 75 CHAPTER 9...... 79 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT COSTS ...... 79 9.1 Introduction ...... 79 9.2 Budget...... 79 9.3 Unit Costs of Land and Assets ...... 81 9.3.1 Replacement Value of Land ...... 81 9.3.2 Replacement Value of Structures...... 81 9.3.3 Market Value of Trees ...... 82 9.3.4 Market Value of Crops...... 83 9.4 Provisions of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Assistance ...... 83 9.4.1 Additional Assistance ...... 83 9.4.2 Dislocation Allowance...... 84 9.4.3 Allowance for Loss of Access to Eroded Land...... 84 9.4.4 Transfer Grant...... 84 9.4.5 Reconstruction Grant...... 84 9.4.6 One Time Special Assistance...... 84 9.4.7 Income and Livelihood Restoration Grant...... 84 9.4.8 Livelihood Regeneration and Social Risks Management...... 85 9.5 Approval of the Resettlement Budget ...... 85 9.6 Management of Resettlement Fund ...... 86 9.7 RU Capacity Building...... 86 CHAPTER 10...... 87 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 87 10.1 Introduction ...... 87 10.2 Objectives of M&E...... 87 10.3 Stages of M&E ...... 88 10.4 M&E Indicators...... 89 10.5 Monitoring Levels and Hierarchy ...... 90 10.5.1 Internal Monitoring...... 90 10.5.2 External Monitoring ...... 90 10.5.3 M&E by Panel of Expert (PoE) ...... 91 10.5.4 M&E by Co-financiers...... 91 10.6 Methodology and Approach...... 91 10.7 Institutional Arrangements for M&E ...... 91 10.7.1 Office of the Project Director ...... 92 10.7.2 Independent External Monitoring Agency...... 92 10.8 Reporting Requirements...... 93 iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Social Action Plan: Key Documents...... 3 Table 1.2: Scope of Land Acquisition in the RTW ...... 5 Table 2.1: Distribution of Sample Households (%) by Household Size ...... 8 Table 2.2: Land Use in Project Districts...... 8 Table 2.3 Ownership Pattern of Agricultural Land in Project Districts ...... 8 Table 2.4: Medical facilities in Project districts...... 9 Table 2.5: Educational Infrastructure in Project district...... 10 Table 2.6 Affected Populations by Age and Sex by District (%) ...... 11 Table 2.7 Marital Status of Affected Population (15 years and above)...... 11 Table 2.8 Level of Education of Affected Population (7 years and above) ...... 12 Table 2.9 Primary Occupation of Affected Population (15 years and above) ...... 12 Table 2.10 Average Income (BDT) of Affected Households by Occupation by District ...... 13 Table 2.11 Level of Per Capita Income of Affected Households by District...... 14 Table 2.12 Poverty Level amongst Affected Household ...... 14 Table 2.16 Migration for Wage Earning in Impact Area Households ...... 15 Table 3.1: Categorywise Impacts of the RTW on Affected Population ...... 18 Table 3.2 Distribution of Affected Land by components ...... 19 Table 3.3 Extent of Income Impacts from loss of Agricultural land ...... 20 Table 3.4 District wise Gender Profile of the Displaced Population...... 20 Table 3.5 District wise Impact on Structures...... 21 Table 3.6 Quantity of Affected Main Structures (Floor Area in sft) by District...... 21 Table 3.7 Number of Trees affected in RAP III ...... 22 Table 3.8 Number of Trees affected in RTW by District and Size ...... 22 Table 3.9 District wise Project Impact on Wage Earners...... 22 Table 3.10 Vulnerable Affected Households by District...... 23 Table 4.1: Classification of the Project Stakeholders...... 24 Table 4.2: Identification of Losses and Recommended Entitlements ...... 27 Table 4.3: Summary of the Consultations undertaken on River Training Work ...... 29 Table 5.1 Eligibility and Entitlement Matrix ...... 36 Table 6.1 District wise Distribution of Affected Structures (including PCRs) ...... 46 Table 6.2: Relocation Preferences of the Displaced Households...... 47 Table 6.3 Potential Relocation of APs at Resettlement Sites ...... 49 Table 6.4: Principle for Allotment of Household plots ...... 50 Table 7.1: Types of Income impacts on Affected Households...... 54 v

Table 7.2: Details of Anticipated Income & Livelihood Restoration Options for Affected Households ...... 55 Table 9.1: Summary Land Acquisition and Resettlement Budget...... 80 Table 9.4 Quantity and Replacement Rates of Structures on Acquired Land...... 82 Table 9.5: Number and Market Value of Trees on Acquired Land...... 82 Table 9.6 Compensation for Standing Crops...... 83 Table 10.1 Reporting Cycle/Frequency ...... 93

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 - The Project Map ...... 2 Figure 1.2 - Location and Design of RTW Other Components (Feasibility Design)...... 5 Figure 4.1 Consultations in Progress in the Charlands with the affected communities ...... 30 Figure 6.1 Sample layout and design of the Resettlement site...... 50 Figure 7.1: Institutional Arrangement for Income and Livelihood Restoration Program...... 60 Figure 8.1 Project Management Organizations in BBA ...... 62 Figure 8.3 RAP Implementation Arrangement ...... 74 Figure 8.4 - RAP III Implementation Schedule...... 77 Figure 10.1 Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 93 vi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. The Project

1. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) will provide direct connectivity between the central and southwestern part of the country through a fixed link on the Padma River on Mawa-Janjira points. This project is co-financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts – Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable and power transmission lines on the bridge. A pre- feasibility study1 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS)2 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design3 and construction plan for the bridge. As a high “priority” project of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of this bridge in September 2010.

B. Overall Project Benefits & Impacts

2. The project impacts have been documented at various stages of project preparation by JICA4, BBA,5 and ADB.6 According to the most recent studies and estimates,7 a total of 13,501 households will be affected by the Project. This includes 8,526 households (AH) incurring impact on agricultural land and 4,975 AHs losing structures (housing and commercial). It is estimated that a total of 2,882 households/persons will be losing wage employment temporarily. In addition, about 1,000 persons experiencing indirect or secondary impacts such as -loss of businesses by vendors, shop owners, boat operators, beggars, porters8 due to closure of ferries in Mawa and Janjira sides. All in all, it is anticipated that about 74,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts.

3. A total of 1185.31 ha of land will be adversely affected, as per detailed design, for various project components. Of the total affected land, it is estimated that 508.55 ha would be acquired for River Training Work (RTW). The Main Bridge components (construction of approach road, service area and toll plaza) would entail acquisition of 378.74 ha of land. A total of 68.66 ha of land has been acquired for 5-resettlement sites for relocation of Project affected households and businesses. About 81 ha of land will be acquired for the construction yard on the Mawa site. Apart from land acquisition, 146.40 ha land (12% of the total affected land) would be requisitioned for construction yards for a period of 5 year. After five years, on completion of the Project, this land shall be duly returned to the land owners.

C. Approach adopted towards Safeguard issues

4. The Padma Bridge is a large, complex and challenging Project. Thus, the social and resettlement safeguard issues necessitate attention to physical and economic displacement, consultation & participation, gender, livelihoods, public health and up/downstream impacts on the char land settlements, including management and monitoring of any other unanticipated impacts of the

1 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February 2000. 2 Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh – Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 3 ADB Loan BAN: 35049-02 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), 2009. 4 Environmental and Social/Resettlement Report, Vol. VII (Nippon Koei Co., 2005) 5 Land Acquisition Plan, and Resettlement Action Plan (BBA, 2006). 6 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (ADB PPTA 4652 BAN: Preparing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Jan 2007). 7 BIDS Census Survey, September 2009 8 Bangladesh Bridge Authority, 2006, Resettlement Action Plan, Dhaka, April vii project. The accelerated program and a phased construction for - (i) the Main Bridge, BEF (bridge end facilities) and Approach Road, and (ii) RTW for bank protection9 add to this complexity. Accordingly, BBA has agreed with the Co-financiers that the RAPs and other social safeguard documents to be delivered in a phased manner but “packaged” under the umbrella of the Social Action Plan (SAP) for the Project, covering all safeguard aspects, including institutional and implementation arrangements. The SAP is guided by the national laws and policies and Co-financiers social safeguard policies. In accordance with this phased approach adopted for this Project, the key components of the Project have been sub-divided for preparation of resettlement mitigation measures.

5. This RAP III has been prepared to address and mitigate the impacts of the River training works (RTW) in the Project. For meeting the World Bank processing timeline, this RAP III is based on the feasibility level data on RTW collected in 2006 under ADB PPTA. This RAP will be updated based on the adopted RTW design by sections during the river training implementation works.

D. Resettlement Impacts for RAP III

6. The total land required, as per the feasibility study and detail design considerations for the various project components, is 1185.31 ha. Of the total 1038.91 ha, 508.55 ha would be acquired for RTW, which is 49% of the total acquired land. However, in absence of the final RTW design10 this RAP has been prepared based on the feasibility level design and data collected during the ADB PPTA 4652-BAN Study in 2006 for all type of structural losses. Similarly land acqusition impaacts have been estimated based on the Land Acquisition Plan of 2006 prepared by BBA and additional land requirement in the Janjira site for RTW at bridge landing point. The survey brought forth that a total of 5,420 households would be affected as a result of river training work. The impacts of the components covered in RAP III (shall largely include loss of land (residential and commercial); structure (residential, commercial and PCR) income and livelihoods (owners, wage earners). Table A below presents a summary of the Project impacts included in RAP III. A detailed description of the project impacts has been discussed in Chapter 3 of this RAP.

Table A Summary Profile of Affected Population in RAP III Description Units Quantity % Total Project Affected Persons (PAPs) Persons 29,660 100.00 PAPs losing structure (housing & commercial) Persons 18,622 63.00 PAPs losing agricultural land Persons 11,038 37.00 PAPs to be relocated Persons 13870 47.00 PAPs losing wage income Persons 1777 6.00 Total Project Affected Households (PAH) Households 5420 100.00 PAH losing structure (housing, commercial and others) Households 3402 63.00 PAHs losing agriculture land Households 2018 37.00 PAHs losing businesses Households 756 14.00 PAHs requiring relocation and/or resettlement Households 2646 49.00 Affected vulnerable households Households 1559 29.00 Total land getting affected11 Ha 508.55 Source: JICA, Feasibility study, March 2005 and ADB PPTA LARP, 2006

9 Although the civil works will be introduced in phases, they will run concurrently to be able to complete the bridge construction and RTW by 2013. 10 RTW design Alternative 1 has been adopted; however, actual land acqusition would be determined based on the bankline location during the year of the training works. The updating by section, particularly in Janjira site (which is more prone to erosion), is critical for compensation payments and resettlement. 11 Based on BBA/ADB PPTA Feasibility design 2006 and DDC Land Acquisition Plan for additional areas of the main bridge and approach roads, February 2010. viii

7. This RAP will be updated based on the adopted RTW design, during implementation, by sections.

E. Measures to Minimize Impacts

8. All necessary efforts have been made in order to minimize the Project impacts on assets and avoid disruption of livelihoods, as far as possible. In order to minimize impacts to the maximum possible extent, adequate provisions have been incorporated into the planning and design of the Project to minimize or mitigate any unavoidable impacts. Extensive consultations have been conducted with the affected communities and people in the Project areas to take in their views and incorporate the same in the Project design, as far as possible. Technical and Social team have worked together to reduce the social impacts of the Project by means of both design adaptation and innovative technical solutions.

F. Objective of RAP III

9. RAP III is guided by the legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh, the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 (Ordinance II with amendments in 1989, 1993, and 1994), supplemented with the special ordinance for the Project, the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act, 2009 (Act 31) and the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1951 (Section 7). RAP III also complies with co-financiers safeguard policies including ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009, JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010, and World Bank guidelines OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, 2003 and OP 4.11 - Policy on Physical Cultural Resources, 2006.

10. The primary objective of this RAP is to identify impacts and to plan measures to mitigate various losses of the affected persons resulting from the RTW. As stated earlier, in the absence of a detail design, this RAP is based on the general findings of the census survey, field visits, meetings and consultations with various project-affected persons in the Project area, conducted during the ADB PPTA in 2006. The RAP III presents (i) type and extent of loss of assets, including land and structures; (ii) principles and legal framework applicable for mitigation of these losses; (iii) the entitlement matrix, (iv) R&R budget; and (v) institutional framework for the implementation of the plan, including monitoring and evaluation.

G. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RAP 11. The public consultation process in the project area was initiated in 1999 as part of the first pre- feasibility study. The process continued under the JICA-funded Feasibility Study (2003-2005), at the preparation of RAP, LAP and EMP by the BBA (then JMBA) during 2005-2006 and during project preparation technical assistance study by ADB in 2006. The project-affected persons (PAP), particularly those in the corridor of impact, were consulted in designing the resettlement policy framework and entitlements. The consultation process was further intensified during the detailed design period through formal and informal meetings, village level workshops and disclosure of project impacts to the affected households. The primary objective of these meetings was to explain the three RTW options to the local population vis-à-vis the RTW option proposed during the feasibility study. These consultations meetings were helpful in understanding the behavior of the river “without the Project” in terms of how the chars are formed and eroded and how people adapt to natural process of erosion, migration and resettlement in the char. The summary and overview of the consultations held during the project preparation period and detailed design are detailed in Chapter 4. 12. As indicated earlier, this RAP for RTW for project processing purpose will be disclosed with the updated version during Project implementation. However, the overall impacts of the RTW on both sides have been discussed with the affected area population. The adopted RTW option and its impact will be identified during the Project implementation and a revised RAP III will be prepared as per the same. The Consultation process for revised RAP III will be continued guided by the principles as laid down in the Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP). The revised Project design, impact and policies for mitigation of adverse social will be duly disclosed to affected persons and host communities. The summary of the revised RAP III will be translated into Bangla and will be made available to the affected people by the Executing Agency (EA) prior to Loan Appraisal. ix

H. Relocation and Livelihood Restoration

13. Taking into account the severity of impact, the RAP has provided for adequate provisions for alternative income generating/skill development and other enabling strategies whereby PAPs can either continue their previous occupation, initiate new venture or undertake an alternative occupation. The basic objective behind the livelihood restoration activities and schemes is to improve or atleast restore the economic status of the PAPs enjoyed prior to the project, which also complies with the co- financiers safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement. In order to achieve that the project will adopt a two-fold approach with regard to livelihood restoration comprising of short term intervention for income restoration and long term (10 years intervention) for sustainable livelihood restoration. A dedicated Social Development Fund (SDF) has been allotted for undertaking the long term program

14. In order to come up with appropriate relocation options with minimum disruption of the way of life of those displaced, the potential resettlers and host populations were consulted to understand their choices or options for relocation as well as during selection of sites both in Mawa and Janjira. Based on the feedback received during these consultations, RAP III provides three options to displaced households for resettlement - namely a) self-managed resettlement; b) small-group resettlement; and c) relocation to project-sponsored resettlement sites. In keeping with the same, adequate support provisions have been integrated into the project entitlements matrix for the displaced households.

I. Institutional Arrangement and Grievance Redresses

15. Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA)12 under the Bridge Division of the Ministry of Communications (MOC) is representing the Government of Bangladesh as the Executing Agency (EA) of the PMBP. A Project Management Office (PMO), headed by a Project Director (PD), has already been set up within BBA for execution of the PMBP. A Resettlement Unit (RU) has been established within this PMO, which is responsible for implementation of RAP III - compensation disbursement and resettlement of the project affected peoples (PAPs) including livelihood restoration, public health security and gender equity management in the process of construction of the bridge and resettlement of PAPs. The RU is headed by a Superintending Engineer (Additional Director - Resettlement) and has field offices at both Mawa and Janjira, headed by an Executive Engineer (Deputy Director – Resettlement) each. An Executive Engineer has also been put in place for Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the implementation of the Safeguard Plans as the Deputy Director – M&E. A Safeguard Division has been proposed within BBA with separate Environmental and Resettlement Units.13.In addition, NGOs will have a key role to play in the RAP implementation. An experienced NGO for implementation of the RAP has already been mobilized by BBA.

16. RAP III implementation will be undertaken in a participatory manner with representation of all key stakeholders namely - the government, local elected representatives, community and the affected persons. Selected representatives from appropriate stakeholders will be absorbed in various resettlement management committees. A Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) at the Upazila level will be formed for determination of replacement market value of land and assets for compensation. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) for each union will be formed for addressing grievances of the affected persons in the resettlement process. Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) will be formed to facilitate BBA in timely relocation of PAPs from the required land and assist delivery of project sponsored resettlement benefits as designed in RAP. Besides, to identify the quantity and quality of affected properties concretely, an Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will be formed.

12 Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) (formerly Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority) was created by Ordinance No XXXIV of 1985 on 4 July, 1985. The objective of Ordinance was to construct a Multipurpose Bridge over the mighty River, Jamuna. It was further amended in November 23, 1998 (Act. XXI of 1998)]. In order to maintain consistency, the government has changed it’s name to Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA). 13 An advertisement has been floated for recruitment of staff consultants with BBA and three (3) Senior Resettlement Specialists so recruited will be assisting the RU under a Safeguard Manager (chief of consultants with the Safeguard Department). x

17. At the BBA level, some capacity building initiatives such as - analysis of existing capacity, staff development and training needs – have already been undertaken by the Social/Resettlement Advisor14 to BBA. DD Consultant will conduct short-term resettlement management trainings and workshops, involving related agencies and field staff dedicated to RAP implementation, to build their capacities on social safeguard issues. In addition, a set of operational guidelines and a handbook will be prepared to guide the field staff for consistent applications of the policies and practices.

J. Budget

18. The total estimated cost of implementation of RAP-III is BDT 9,956.58 million (US$ 141.31 million). The budget includes BDT 8,423.92 million for replacement value of land, structures, trees and crops; BDT 48.72 million for relocation of housing and businesses, BDT 340.43 million for rehabilitation of affected households, BDT 6.25 million for Public Health Action Plan, and BDT 231.11 million for institutional capacity building, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

K. Monitoring and Evaluation

19. BBA will establish a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for collecting, collating and analyzing information on RAP implementation in a systematic and continuous manner and identify the limitation of the process. Monitoring will be done both internally and externally to provide feedback to BBA as well as to assess the effectiveness of the RAP policy and implementation.

20. Internal monitoring will be carried out by BBA at three consecutive stages of the process of RAP implementation namely – a) RAP apprehension or preparatory stage, b) relocation stage and c) rehabilitation stage. The Project Director (PD) will carry out internal monitoring through the Deputy Director - M&E with the help of the implementing NGO and the construction supervision consultant (CSC). Internal monitoring will comprise of monitoring both the process and output indicators. A progress and performance monitoring software will be developed to get monitoring output on a regular basis. Internal monitoring reports on RAP III implementation will be included in the quarterly Project Progress Report (PPR) of the BBA.

21. External monitoring will be carried out periodically for review and assessment of resettlement implementation, verification of the results of internal monitoring in the field and recommending adjustment in delivery mechanisms and procedures, as necessary. External monitoring will be independent of the BBA RU and will be carried out by an External Monitoring Agency (EMA). The external monitoring will be carried out on a quarterly basis. Further, mid-term and final evaluations will also be undertaken to assess the achievement of the RAP objectives against the performance impact indictors.

22. In addition, Panel of Experts (POE) with nominated members from co-financiers, comprising of international and national technical experts, will commission periodic monitoring and evaluation of RAP III implementation. POE monitoring will focus on achievement of the targets of process indicators within agreed timeframe.

23. The Head of RU will prepare monthly progress reports on resettlement activities to PD, PMBP. PD will submit quarterly reports to the co-financiers. The EMA will submit bi-annual review reports directly to the co-financiers detailing whether resettlement goals have been achieved and more importantly whether the livelihoods and living standards of the PAPs have been restored/enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement of the same.

14 The advisor was hired under the World Bank Project Preparation Facility and the services of the advisor have concluded on 21 January 2010. xi

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank ADC Additional Deputy Commissioner AP Affected Persons AR Approach Road BBA Bangladesh Bridge Authority BCL Bangladesh Consultants Limited BEF Bridge end facilities BIDS Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies CCL Cash Compensation under Law CEGI Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services COD Cut-off-date CMP Current market price CONGO Coordinating non government organization CPP Common Property Resources CRIMP Community Environmental Management Plan CSC Consultant Supervision Consultant DC Deputy Commissioner DD Deputy Director – RU DDT Detailed Design Team DOF Department of Forest EA Executing Agency EMA External Monitoring Agency EP Eligible Persons FGD Focus Group Discussions FS Feasibility Study FSDR Final scheme design report GOB Government of Bangladesh GRC Grievances Redress Committee HARD Human Resources Development ID Identity Card IDB Islamic Development Bank INGO Implementing NGO IOL Inventory of Losses ILRP Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan ILRG Income and Livelihood Restoration Grant IVC Inventory Verification Committee JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency xii

JAMB Jamuna Multipurpose bridge project LA Land Acquisition LAP Land Acquisition Plan LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement MARV Maximum Allowable Replacement Value M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MIS Management Information System MOC Ministry of communication NGOs Non-Government Organizations PAP Project Affected Persons PCR Physical Cultural Resources PHAP Public Health Action Plan PMO Project Management Office POE Panel of Experts PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PRA Participatory Rapid Appraisal PVAC Property Valuation Advisory Committee PWD Public Works Department RAP Resettlement Action Plan RS Resettlement Site RTW River Training Work ROW Right-of-Way RAC Resettlement Advisory Committee RU Resettlement Unit RV Replacement Value SA Service Area SC Supervision Consultant SAP Social Action Plan SDF Social development Fund SLAO Special Land Acquisition Officer TGB Target group beneficiaries TP Toll Plaza TOR Terms of Reference UP Union Parishad WB World Bank xiii

GLOSSARY

The various terms used in this RAP III are briefly defined below for clarity and consistency:

Affected Persons or Project Affected Person (AP/PAP): Persons affected directly or indirectly by project-induced changes in use of land, water, or other natural resources are called APs. In other words, a person who as a consequence of the changes sustains (a) damages by reason of severing land, or (b) loss of immovable property in any manner, or (c) experience loss of income and livelihood. Such impacts may be temporary or permanent in nature and most often occurs through land expropriation using eminent domain or direct purchases for development projects

Agricultural labourer: A person who earns his/her livelihood mainly from manual labour engaged in agriculture practices. The non- agricultural labourer includes artisans and other occupational groups such as masons, potters, cobblers, barbers, etc

Census Survey: A survey covering 100% households being affected by the project, irrespective of their ownership into the land.

Compensation: Payment in cash or kind (for example land-for-land) to the APs as per LA Act.

Community Participation and Consultation: The active process of sharing information seeking inputs from community about the project, seeking community-wide inputs, and integrating those in the project design as well planning mitigation measures.

Cut-off Dates: Date of notification under Section 3 of 1982 Ordinance is the cut off date for title owners. The Census will be considered cutoff date for all others, including non-title holders for resettlement benefits.

Displacement: Refers to physical displacement in terms of physical dislocation

Displaced Persons: A person who is compelled to change or relocate his/her place of residence and/or work or place of business, due to project construction.

Eminent Domain: Regulatory authority of the government to obtain land for public purpose use and/or private sector development projects under the 1982 Ordinance or other laws of the land.

Entitlements: Range of measures comprising of compensation resettlement benefits, including shifting allowance, subsistence, and relocation which an AP is entitled to, depending on the nature of losses, to restore and/or improve the living standards.

Gender Equity: Equal recognition of both genders in the provision of entitlements, treatment and other measures under the Resettlement Plan.

Head of Household: One who makes major decisions within the family structure and generally lead the family as the principal provider.

Household: A household unit includes family members who share food from the same kitchen. In the project area, it consists of parents with children living together as an economic and production unit.

Host population: Community residing in or near the area to which affected people are to be relocated. Host communities should also be project beneficiaries for better host-resettlers integration.

Indirectly affected people are those likely to lose subsistence or income due to project intervention without loss of any physical assets. A clear definition of indirectly affected people must be based on a careful review and assessment of indirect impacts of the project as well as economic displacement due to loss of land, access to land as well as forest resources, commercial establishments and any xiv other impacts such as severance that adversely affects lives and livelihood sources.

Inventory of losses Verification Committee (IVC): In an erosion-prone area and due to piecemeal acquisition, Inventory of Losses (IOL) prepared for a section of project may change as people move with the erosion and acquisition. A committee headed by Executive Engineer (Resettlement), with Representative of respective DC and Resettlement Specialist of the Management Consultants as members to verify the IOL established through census wherever necessary.

Person(s) having usufruct rights: The right to use land belonging to others – for example, lease from government department or agency or individuals.

Poor Women–headed household: Poor households where a woman decides on the access to and the use of the resources of the family. In resettlement context, women-headed households and/or widows also suffer from lack of labour for relocation purposes.

Public Disclosure: Process of disclosing and sharing project impacts with affected people and disseminating amongst them information on their entitlements, compensation, R&R measures and project timeline etc.

Project-Affected Area: An area under the project, declared by the Government, where land is being acquired under Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance– II of 1982 or any other Act in force or an area not acquired ,but affected by the project and its related activities.

Relocation: Rebuilding housing, assets –including productive land, and public infrastructure, in a new location to build their capacity to deal with resettlement.

Rehabilitation: Re-establishing incomes, livelihoods, living and social systems.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): A time- bound action plan with budget setting out resettlement impact strategy, objectives, entitlement, actions, implementation responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation.

Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R): Resettlement refers to rebuilding housing, assets, including productive land and public infrastructure in another location while rehabilitation means restoration of income, livelihoods, and re-establishment of socio- cultural system.

Replacement Value: The costs of replacing lost assets (e.g., land, houses/structures, trees and crops) and income, including cost of transaction.

Right-of-Way: Demarcated land proposed for infrastructure development.

Social Preparation: The process of consultation with affected people, undertaken before key resettlement decisions are made, infrastructure, a structure, in a new location.

Uthuli (also called Nodibashi): People displaced by flood/erosion, who live on land provided by neighbour or relative free of cost.

Vulnerable Person: The vulnerable group/persons may include (i) persons below nationally defined poverty line; (ii) indigenous people or adibasis; (iii) poor women-headed households; (iv) landless and marginal farmers; (v) people with disability (vi) elderly and (vii) any other groups or persons found to be disproportionately affected by project impacts. 1

CHAPTER 1

PROJECT OVERVIEW AND RAP III

1.1 Introduction 1. The RAP III has been prepared to address the impacts of River Training Works (RTW) in the Project. Prior to this RAP, two RAPs namely RAP I (Resettlement Site Development) & RAP II (Main Bridge and Approach Roads) have already been prepared for the Project. For meeting the World Bank processing timeline, this RAP III is based on the feasibility level data on RTW collected in 2006 under ADB PPTA. This RAP will be updated based on the adopted RTW design, during implementation, by sections.

1.2 Project Background 2. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) will provide direct connectivity between the central and southwestern part of the country through a fixed link on the Padma River on Mawa-Janjira points. This project is co-financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts – Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). Once the bridge is built, travel among all major cities and ports on both sides of the River Padma will be faster and easier, in turn benefitting not only the relatively undeveloped southwestern region, but also the country as a whole. The bridge lies on the Dhaka- Kolkata (India) route and will also form an integral part of the Asian Highway and Euro-Asian railway network systems. The whole country is going to enjoy uninterrupted transport network and mainstream with the international corridor augmenting international trade and balanced regional development with addition of this longest bridge of this country.

3. The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four-lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable and power transmission lines on the bridge. A pre-feasibility study1 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS)2 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design3 and construction plan for the bridge. As a high “priority” project of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of the bridge in September 2010.

4. The feasibility level design has undergone a number of changes at the detail design stage including changes in length of the bridge for shifting of bankline on the Janjira side due to riverbank erosion, and additional land acquisition for accommodating for railway approach and stations on both sides of the river and a roundabout at the junction of the approach road with the national road no. 8 on the Janjira side.

5. The bridge components, as per current scheme design, consist of: (i) a 6.15 km long bridge including bridge end facilities (BEF) like 2 toll plazas and 2 service areas for construction management and tourism in post-construction period; (ii) transition structures that include road and rail viaducts from the bridge to the approach roads. The road viaduct in Mawa is 1 km while the

1 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February 2000. 2 Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh – Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 3 ADB Loan BAN: 35049-02 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), 2009. 2

Janjira road viaduct is 0.87 km. The length of the rail viaduct is 3 km in Mawa and 4 km in Janjira with new railway stations at both ends; (iii) a 13.97 km of 4-lane divided highway including 6 small bridges over local waterways, 7 road underpasses and 14 drainage culverts; (iv) access roads of 8.86 km and service roads of 14.5 km; and (v) a round-about connecting the bridge to N 8. The project boundary also includes 4 resettlement sites4 (2 in Mawa and 2 in Janjira side) for relocation of affected households and business enterprises. A project boundary was hence established following the feasibility study for land acquisition (see Table 1.1). Figure 1.1 below presents the project boundary and highlights various project components.

Figure 1.1 - The Project Map

6. The design of the river training works (RTW) is yet to be finalized;5 and hence any changes in the RTW (as established during the feasibility study) may change the project boundary, entailing anticipated up and down-stream impacts of the bridge.

1.2 Project Benefits & Adverse Impacts 7. The nation as a whole will enjoy uninterrupted transport network amongst all the major cities and ports on both sides of the Padma River as a result of the Project. The bridge will directly benefit more than 30 million people of Barisal and Khulna divisions, Greater Faridpur and Munshiganj district. Despite the far-reaching social and economic benefits of the Project, the life and livelihood of the residents of Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts in and adjacent to the proposed sites of various Project components will face both negative and positive impacts. The immediate benefit accruing from the Project to the people in the bridge adjacent areas will be the permanent safety to their settlements and productive lands due to bankline stabilization through river training works.

4 Resettlement Site 1 is now outside the RoW of River Training work and therefore will not be required. 5 Final RTW design will be available on mid-November 2009. 3

8. The project impacts have been documented at various stages of project preparation by JICA6, BBA,7 and ADB.8 According to the most recent studies and estimates,9 a total of 13,501 households will be affected by the Project. This includes 8,526 affected households (AH) incurring impact on agricultural land and 4,975 AHs losing structures (housing and commercial). It is estimated that a total of 2,882 households/persons will be losing wage employment temporarily. In addition, about 1,000 perosns will be experiencing indirect or secondary impacts such as -loss of businesses by vendors, shop owners, boat operators, beggars, and porters10 due to closure of ferries in Mawa and Janjira sides. In all, it is anticipated that about 74,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts.

1.3 Measures to Minimize Impact 9. All necessary efforts have been made in order to minimize the Project impacts on assets and avoid disruption of livelihoods, as far as possible. In order to minimize impacts to the maximum possible extent, adequate provisions have been incorporated into the planning and design of the Project to minimize or mitigate any unavoidable impacts. Extensive consultations have been conducted with the affected communities and people in the Project areas to take in their views and incorporate the same in the Project design, as far as possible. Technical and Social team have worked together to reduce the social impacts of the Project by means of both design adaptation and innovative technical solutions.

1.4 Approach adopted towards safeguard issues 10. The Padma Bridge is a large, complex and challenging Project. Thus, the social and resettlement safeguard issues necessitate attention to physical and economic displacement, consultation & participation, gender, livelihoods, public health and up/downstream impacts on the char land settlements, including management and monitoring of any other unanticipated impacts of the project. The accelerated program and a phased construction for - (i) the Main Bridge, BEF and Approach Road, and (ii) RTW for bank protection11 add to this complexity. Accordingly, BBA has agreed with the Co-financiers that the RAPs and other social safeguard documents will be delivered in a phased manner but “packaged” under the umbrella of the Social Action Plan (SAP) for the Project, covering all safeguard aspects, including institutional and implementation arrangements. The SAP is guided by the national laws and policies and Co-financiers social safeguard policies. In accordance with this phased approach adopted for this Project, the key components of the Project have been sub- divided for preparation of resettlement mitigation measures. Table 1.1 presents the main contents of the SAP.

Table 1.1 Social Action Plan: Key Documents

SOCIAL ACTION PLAN

Vol. 1 Executive Summary (Technical summary of all SAP documents) Vol. 2 Poverty and Social Assessment Vol. 3 RAP I (Resettlement Site Development) Vol. 4 RAP II (Main Bridge and Approach Roads)* Vol. 5 RAP III (River Training Works)* Vol. 6 Resettlement Framework Vol. 7 Public Consultation and Participation Plan

6 Environmental and Social/Resettlement Report, Vol. VII (Nippon Koei Co., 2005) 7 Land Acquisition Plan, and Resettlement Action Plan (BBA, 2006). 8 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (ADB PPTA 4652 BAN: Preparing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Jan 2007). 9 BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009 and Feb 2010 10 Bangladesh Bridge Authority, 2006, Resettlement Action Plan, Dhaka, April 11 Although the civil works will be introduced in phases, they will run concurrently to be able to complete the bridge construction and RTW by 2013. 4

Vol. 8 Gender Action Plan Vol. 9 Public Health Action Plan Vol. 10 Charland Monitoring and Management Framework Vol. 11 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements

*Includes (i) Physical Cultural Resource Plan and (ii) Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan

11. In accordance with the phased approach adopted for this Project, the key components have been sub-divided for preparation of resettlement mitigation measures and will be submitted in Phase I & II. The deliverables under Phase I include (i) RAP II (Main Bridge and Approach Road), (ii) Public Consultation and Participation Plan, (iii) Gender Action Plan, and (iv) Physical Cultural Resources Plan (included in RAP II). The Phase II deliverables comprise of (i) RAP III (RTW), (ii) Resettlement Framework, (iii) Public Health Action Plan, and (iv) Charland Monitoring, Management and Development Plan.

1.4 Description of RTW 12. The Padma bridge corridor area is characterized as lying between the Ganges and Dhaleshwari natural levees in the vast low lying areas known as Arial beel. Combined meandering and braided nature of river Padma characterized the project area by deltaic floodplain with frequent shifting of bank lines through riverbank erosion and accretion to form new land (chars). The project location in the Mawa site is comparatively stable but a significant portion of the design location of bridge landing has already been eroded. To stabilize the bankline, the feasibility design included 6.0km bankline at Mawa site and 10.5km bankline in the Janjira site for protection through river training works (RTW). Local drainage systems, especially in the Janjira site, will not be blocked by the RTW structure.

13. The RTW, as per feasibility design, will be a 200-m wide revetment in the Mawa site and a 300-m wide revetment in the Janjira site (see Figure 1.2). Nearly half of the revetment widths will be under-water land with the rest half on bankline above the lowest water level. About 114.72 ha of land will be acquired in the Mawa site for the 6-km long protection work and about 317.03 ha of land will be acquired in the Janjira site for the 10.5 km long revetment. Half of the land to be acquired is underwater (eroded) land. 5

Figure 1.2 - Location and Design of RTW Other Components (Feasibility Design)

14. The total land required, as per the feasibility study current estimates (as of March 2010 at detail design), for the various project components is 1185.31 ha. As enumerated in the Table 1.2 below, it is estimated that of the total 1038.91 ha of acquired land, 508.55 ha would be acquired as a result of the River Training Work amounting to 49% of the total affected land.

Table 1.2: Scope of Land Acquisition in the RTW

Project Components Land Acquisition and Requisition (in ha) by District Total

Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur RTW – acquisition 114.72 190.33 203.50 508.55 ha Source: JICA Feasibility Study, 2005 and Current estimate on additional land at the bridge land point on the Janjira site (March 2010) 15. However, in absence of the final RTW design12 the RAP is prepared based on data available from the ADB PPTA 2006 on feasibility level design. This RAP has been prepared based on the feasibility level design and data collected during the ADB PPTA 4652-BAN Study in 2006 for all type of structural losses whereas the agricultural land impacts have been estimated based on the Land Acquisition Plan prepared in 2006 by BBA. The survey brought forth that a total of 5420 households would be affected as a result of river training work. The impacts of the components covered in RAP III (shall largely include loss of land (residential and commercial); structure (residential, commercial and

12 There was some uncertainty in the design of the RTW on hydro-morphological grounds, the impact on the upstream and downstream char lands and erosion of bankline, especially in the Janjira site. 6

PCR) income and livelihoods (owners, wage earners). Table 1.3 below presents a summary of the Project impacts included in RAP III. A detailed description of the project impacts has been discussed in Chapter 3 of this RAP. Table 1.3 Summary Profile of Affected Population in RAP III Description Units Quantity % Total Project Affected Persons (PAPs) Persons 29,660 100.00 PAPs losing structure (housing & commercial) Persons 18,622 63.00 PAPs losing agricultural land Persons 11,038 37.00 PAPs to be relocated Persons 13870 47.00 PAPs losing wage income Persons 1777 6.00 Total Project Affected Households (PAH) Households 5420 100.00 PAH losing structure (housing, commercial and others) Households 3402 63.00 PAHs losing agriculture land Households 2018 37.00 PAHs losing businesses Households 756 14.00 PAHs requiring relocation and/or resettlement Households 2646 49.00 Affected vulnerable households Households 1559 29.00 Total land getting affected13 Ha 508.55 Source: JICA, Feasibility study, March 2005 and ADB PPTA LARP, 2006

16. This RAP will be updated based on the adopted RTW design and a census survey during implementation, by phases.

1.5 Objective of RAP III 17. RAP III is guided by the legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh, the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 (Ordinance II with amendments in 1989, 1993, and 1994), supplemented with the special ordinance for the Project, the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act, 2009 (Act 31) and the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1951 (Section 7). RAP III also complies with co-financiers safeguard policies including ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009, JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010 and World Bank guidelines, OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, 2003 and OP 4.11 - Policy on Physical Cultural Resources, 2006.

18. The primary objective of this RAP is to identify impacts and to plan measures to mitigate various losses of the affected persons resulting from the RTW. As stated earlier, in the absence of a detail design, this RAP is based on the general findings of the census survey, field visits, meetings and consultations with various project-affected persons in the Project area, conducted during the ADB PPTA in 2006. The RAP III presents (i) type and extent of loss of assets, including land and structures; (ii) principles and legal framework applicable for mitigation of these losses; (iii) the entitlement matrix, (iv) R&R budget; and (v) institutional framework for the implementation of the plan, including monitoring and evaluation.

13 Based on BBA/ADB PPTA Feasibility design 2006 and DDC Land Acquisition Plan for additional areas of the main bridge and approach roads, February 2010. 7

CHAPTER 2

SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILES OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION

19. This chapter presents an overview of the Project area highlighting the key socio-economic development indicators such as demographic trends, state of the economy, poverty, literacy and trends in urbanization in the project area and districts. This chapter has been prepared based on the data from the Census and sample household survey at the ADB PPTA studies in 2006 conducted in the RTW areas as per 2006 design. The chapter will be updated once the RTW design is final and approved and a census of affected population is conducted.

2.1 Project Area 20. The Project area covers a total of 31 mouzas in four upazilas (sub-districts) of Bangladesh namely – Lohajang and Srinagar (in Munshiganj District), Janjira (in Shariatpur) and Shibchar (in Madaripur)14. The floodplain is generally flat – particularly on the Janjira side – at 2-8 meters above the sea level. Thus, people living in the floodplain area usually do not construct permanent houses and are ready to move to safer places in the event of major flood or erosion. The affected villages in the Janjira side are relatively new settlements developed on the chars formed 70-80 years ago. The soil is mixed type but fertile as it is inundated every year (3-6 meters deep) during monsoons. Many of the islands up and downstream from the proposed bridge site can be used for cultivation during the winter season only. There are several large settled chars on the upstream from project site.

21. The affected areas in Mawa side are semi-urban in nature with high density of population (4,900 per sq.km) with more or less compact settlements, mostly commercial along the existing highway. The village settlements are linear and compact along the riverbank and include households displaced by erosions, who live on lands provided by relatives either on rental arrangements or “free- users” – locally known as nodibashi (or uthuli). In contrast, the affected areas in Janjira site are largely used for agricultural purposes, followed by village settlements and commercial establishments (e.g., semi-permanent rural market, ferry stations) with comparatively low population density (1,319 per sqkm)15. The farmers in this area typically have two crops, including winter crops and vegetables such as onion, squash, spices etc. The village settlements – locally called kandi – are mostly linear along the riverbank and are typically named after the “pioneer” settler or influential matabbar (village leader) signifying kinship and/or patronage character of village settlements in the floodplain.

2.2 General Profile of three Districts 22. Demographic Aspects: The three Project districts of Munshiganj, Madaripur and Shariatpur have a collective population of 3.4 million. These districts are pre-dominantly rural with an average urban population of 11% (Census 2001). As per the 2001 Census, the average household size in the project districts is 5.05 members per family. In addition, the proportion of single member households was noted to be 0.55% in the project districts. 23. According to ADB PPTA Census carried out in 2006, 7.55% of the households in the project area have 1-2 members only, which is about 12% nationally. About 36% of the sample households covered under ADB PPTA census was very close to the national average of household size while another 36% are below and 28% are above it (Table 2.1).

14 BBA/BCL, Resettlement Action Plan, June 2006 and Detail Design Consultant’s LA Estimate as of December 2009 15 JICA, Social/Resettlement Issues, Final Report, March 2005 8

Table 2.1: Distribution of Sample Households (%) by Household Size Number of East End-Mawa West End-Janjira Grand household Munshiganj District Sub Shariatpur Madaripur Sub Total members Total District District Total (%) Lauhajang Sreenagar Janjira Shibchar Upazila Upazila Upazila Upazila 1-2 8.28 1.06 7.97 8.46 6.54 6.76 7.55 3-4 29.32 27.66 29.25 20.77 27.05 26.35 28.24 5-6 36.22 37.23 36.26 30.77 37.05 36.36 36.30 7-8 16.23 21.28 16.45 26.15 19.15 19.93 17.66 9-10 6.00 9.57 6.15 8.46 5.58 5.90 6.06 11-12 1.33 0.00 1.28 3.08 1.73 1.88 1.49 12+ 2.62 3.19 2.64 2.31 2.89 2.82 2.71 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: ADB PPTA Census 2006 24. Land Use Pattern: The total land area of the three districts Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur constitutes 312,348 ha (771,501 acres) with a cultivable land area of 204,695 ha (505,598 acres) (Table 3.2). About 66% of the total land area in the Project affected districts is cultivable which is highest in Madaripur (76%) and the proportion is almost similar in Munshiganj and Shariatpur districts (about 60%). Only 19% of the total land is irrigated which is 23% in Madaripur, 17% in Munshiganj and 16% in Shariatpur districts. River area is highest in Munshiganj (11%) and it is almost same in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts: 7 and 8%s respectively (Table 2.2).

Table 2.2: Land Use in Project Districts Area in Acre Land use Total (acre) Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Area % Area % Area % Area % Total Land Area 235,974 100 283678 100 251,849 100 771,501 100 Cultivable Area 138,472 59 215224 76 151,902 60 505,598 66 Fallow Land 5,609 2 1557 1 6,857 3 14,023 2 Area Irrigated 40,277 17 65057 23 40,894 16 146,228 19 Area in Rivers 26,242 11 21261 7 20,317 8 67,820 9 Source: National Data Bank, Bangladesh, 1998

25. Ownership of Agricultural Land: About 60% of the residents in the three districts own agricultural land however the proportion of land ownership was found to be higher in rural areas with 63% of the households owning land vis-à-vis 41% land ownership in urban areas. The highest land ownership is noted in Madaripur district with 72% of the total households owning land thereby pointing towards a high level of dependence on agricultural land whereas in case of Munshiganj land ownership stands 48% as shown in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 Ownership Pattern of Agricultural Land in Project Districts Households own agri-land Project district Total households In Number In %age Munshiganj 246,120 115,100 46.77 Urban 31,980 9,420 29.46 Rural 214,140 105,680 49.35 Madaripur 225,980 162,600 71.95 Urban 27,740 13,440 48.45 Rural 198,240 149,160 75.24 Shariatpur 210,600 134,320 63.78 Urban 19,400 10,040 51.75 Rural 191,200 124,280 65.00 9

Total 682,700 412,020 60.35 Urban 79,120 32,900 41.58 Rural 603,580 379,120 62.81 Source: BBS, Population Census 2001, National Report, July 2003

Access to Civic Facilities

26. Health: According to the 1998 national databank, there was 1 doctor per 12,000 people and 1 bed for per 5,000 people in terms of health facilities in Munshiganj district. The proportion of doctors in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts was 1:30,000 and 1:20,000 respectively. That of hospital beds (hospitals, clinics, FWCs, maternity centers, primary healthcare together) the proportion was 1:5,000 for both Madaripur and Shariatpur districts (Table 2.4)

Table 2.4: Medical facilities in Project districts S. Health facilities Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur No. Nos. of No. of Nos. of No. of Nos. of No. of Doctors Beds Doctors Beds Doctors Beds 1 Hospitals 47 205 20 117 34 205 2 Clinics 9 12 4 14 6 - 3 FWCs 42 54 9 10 14 - 4 Maternity Centre 2 6 2 4 -- 5Primary 5- 361-- healthcare 6 Population ratio 12 5 30 5 20 5 (thousand) Source: National Data Bank, Bangladesh, 1998

27. Health services in the Project affected areas as evident from the study villages are poor. Most people go to quacks and medicine shops for minor medical treatment. Qualified doctors in Mawa side are available at a distance of 4 km and hospital facilities at a distance of 6 km; and those are at 10 km and 40 km respectively in Janjira side. Economically solvent people go to Dhaka for better health care. But the poorer ones are dependent on available practitioners including quacks, kabiraj and pharmacies only.

28. Educational Facilities: Madarsa institutions (Islamic educational institutions) are almost double in number in respect of mainstream educational institutional particularly against the number of primary schools in all the three Project districts. There is high concentration of religious education in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts mostly attracting students from very poor families of the districts (Table 2.5) 10

Table 2.5: Educational Infrastructure in Project district

Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur S. Educational Nos. of Nos. of Nos. of No. Institutions Nos. Nos. Nos. Teachers Teachers Teachers 1 Kindergarten 2 19 8 46 2 13 2 Primary School 452 2185 601 2428 427 1786 3 Junior High 9 56 28 208 20 110 School 4 Secondary High 80 974 86 1002 61 679 School 5 College 14 201 10 256 14 210 6 Teacher's 1 15 1 10 Training 7 Mass Education 6 8 135 135 170 17 Centre 8 Islamic Madarsa 845 1317 1563 2933 1030 1733 9 Girl's 11 122 17 242 10 100 School/College Source: National Data Bank, Bangladesh, 1998

2.3 Socioeconomic Profile of Affected Population 29. Several studies have been conducted at different levels of project preparation and planning to establish the socio-economic profiles of the affected and impact area population. The impacts of the project as a whole have been documented at various stages of project preparation by JICA16, BBA17, and ADB18 under project preparation technical assistance. The following section presents the key findings with regard to the socio-economic profile of the affected population as derived from ADB PPTA census survey conducted in 2007.

2.3.1 Demographic Information 30. The census interviewed 3465 respondents in the RTW affected areas. The composition of the total affected population comprised of 53% males and 47% females. The census brought forth that the proportion of male population is the highest in Munshiganj (53.11) followed by Madaripur (52.31) and Shariatpur (52.00). About 11% of the affected population comprises of infants (up to 4 years old) and another 24% are children below 15 years age. Amongst the economically active population, 29% of the total affected population is in the age group of 15 to 29 years and similar proportion of them is between 30 - 59 years. Only 7% of the population is noted to be in the age group of 60 years and above considered as senior citizen or elderly.

31. Age distribution of female population is almost similar to that of males. Gender proportion in various age groups shows a heterogeneous composition. The proportions of female infants and female children are higher than the male infants and male children. However, in the age group 15 years above, proportion of males is higher than the females (Table 2.6).

16 Environmental and Social/Resettlement Report, Vol. VII (Nippon Koei Co., 2005) 17 Land Acquisition Plan, and Resettlement Action Plan (BBA, 2006). 18 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (ADB PPTA 4652 BAN: Preparing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Jan 2007). 11

Table 2.6 Affected Populations by Age and Sex by District (%) Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Age Group Femal Femal Femal femal Overal (Yrs) Male e Male e Male e Male e l 13.4 12.2 10.4 0-4 9.47 9.92 9 15.14 3 12.73 8 11.03 10.74 21.3 28.1 23.5 22.2 5-14 1 24.34 9 29.50 4 26.57 7 25.25 23.68 30.8 23.6 29.1 30.0 15-29 5 29.15 1 22.98 9 26.71 7 28.16 29.17 30.5 25.7 27.9 29.5 30-59 8 29.83 8 25.33 5 27.14 5 28.76 29.18 60-65 4.56 3.86 4.58 4.18 3.63 4.23 4.29 3.99 4.15 65+ 3.24 2.90 4.34 2.87 3.402.62 3.34 2.81 3.09 53.1 52.0 52.3 52.7 Total % 1 46.89 048.00 1 47.69 9 47.21 100% Source: ADB PPTA Census 2007

32. Table 2.7 shows that about three quarter of the men and women aged 15 years and above were married. Unmarried population among the male is about double (25%) than that among the females (13%). About 12% of the women were found divorced (2%) or widowed (10%) which is only 1% among the males.

Table 2.7 Marital Status of Affected Population (15 years and above) Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Marital Status Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Unmarried 27.00 14.39 14.95 8.78 21.18 10.67 24.92 13.13 Married 71.82 73.82 81.96 78.05 77.80 76.59 73.87 74.74 Divorced 0.11 1.31 1.03 2.93 0.19 3.76 0.17 2.11 Widowed 1.08 10.48 2.06 10.24 0.83 8.98 1.04 10.01 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: ADB PPTA Census 2007

2.3.2 Level of Education 33. The survey brought forth that the literacy rate among the affected population is 83%. The literacy rate was noted to be higher among the males (86%) than the females (80%). As shown in Table 2.8, the literacy rate amongst the affected population in Mawa site was noted to be the highest with 88% literacy among males and 84% among the females. In terms of the level of education among the literate population, it was interesting to note that with increase in level of education there was a marked drop in the number of persons. As a result, only about 2% of the affected person comprised of those who have attained higher education with a little more than 2% among the males and less than 1% among the females. 12

Table 2.8 Level of Education of Affected Population (7 years and above) Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Level of Femal Femal Femal Femal education Male e Male e Male e Male e Both Primary 35.99 32.96 41.26 32.48 41.59 39.15 37.89 34.85 36.46 Secondary 27.90 26.41 9.74 9.65 19.97 15.11 24.77 22.25 23.59 SSC/HSC 9.34 7.14 4.30 3.54 6.68 3.15 8.33 5.76 7.13 Graduate 2.24 0.97 0.86 0.32 1.11 0.38 1.84 0.76 1.33 Post graduate 0.65 0.12 0.57 0.32 0.38 0.09 0.57 0.12 0.36 Informal literacy 11.80 16.23 12.89 12.54 14.67 15.79 12.71 15.94 14.23 Illiterate 12.08 16.17 30.37 41.16 15.59 26.34 13.88 20.32 16.90 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: ADB PPTA Census 2007

2.3.3 Occupational Profile 34. Business appears to be the main occupation for most of the affected population with 39% of the employed male population engaged in business. The next echelon of male employed population is engaged in service (18%) while agriculture is found to be the third contributor (10%) of income among the affected male population. The next highest male population (9%) reported their occupation as daily wage laborer. 35. While agriculture came forth as the dominant livelihood source in the Janjira site (both in Shariatpur and Madaripur districts), business was noted to be the key source of income in the Mawa site. In caseof Mawa, more active engagement in business could largely be attributed to the Mawa’s proximity to urban area and access to Dhaka as well as its potential to be a commercial hub surrounding the Mawa river terminal. A small proportion of the affected populations are also noted to be involved as daily wage labourer (9% among the males), in transport, skill based work and some other gainful activities (See Table 2.9). 36. The survey also brought forth that a significant proportion of women in the affected households are engaged in economic activities mainly in household chores (92%) and only 8% of them were found to have been engaged in gainful employment.

Table 2.9 Primary Occupation of Affected Population (15 years and above) Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Femal Femal Femal Femal Occupation Male e Male e Male e Male e Both Agriculture 5.74 0.07 22.97 - 17.11 0.58 9.72 0.23 5.58 Business 45.05 1.40 16.27 - 28.62 0.65 39.16 1.11 22.58 Employed overseas 4.35 0.21 4.31 - 4.47 0.65 4.38 0.34 2.62 Fisher 1.15 - 8.61 - 2.09 - 1.70 - 0.96 House wife - 91.13 - 93.82 - 93.60 - 92.01 40.09 Household service 0.18 1.16 2.87 2.81 0.24 1.09 0.30 1.20 0.69 Pensioner 1.57 0.42 - - 0.18 0.36 1.10 0.39 0.79 Hawker 0.79 0.04 - - 3.16 - 1.46 0.02 0.83 Rickshaw/van puller 3.22 - 2.39 - 5.96 - 4.00 - 2.26 Self-employed 1.21 0.11 1.91 - 1.37 - 1.28 0.07 0.75 Service 19.03 2.91 12.92 2.25 15.15 1.67 17.66 2.50 11.05 Skilled based worker 3.67 0.60 2.87 - 4.77 0.87 3.96 0.66 2.52 Traditional work 2.73 0.67 0.96 - 2.50 - 2.60 0.43 1.65 13

Transport work 2.86 - 6.70 - 5.25 - 3.70 - 2.09 Wage labourer 8.23 1.05 16.75 0.56 8.83 0.22 8.72 0.77 5.25 Other 0.24 0.25 0.48 0.56 0.30 0.29 0.26 0.27 0.27 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 % of employed popln 60.00 50.77 50.36 46.48 54.82 49.30 57.98 50.11 54.27 Unemployed 9.24 11.14 1.46 8.29 6.80 7.50 8.03 9.83 8.96 Disabled/elderly 7.27 9.66 11.65 7.32 7.31 9.05 7.50 9.35 8.45 Student 45.01 44.95 41.75 38.54 42.40 40.38 43.97 43.18 43.57 Minor 38.48 34.25 45.15 45.85 43.49 43.07 40.49 37.64 39.02 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total dependent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dependency ratio 40.00 49.23 49.64 53.52 45.18 50.70 42.02 49.89 45.73 Source: ADB PPTA Census 2007

2.3.4 Level of Income of Affected Population 37. Average annual income based on stated income of the affected households was found to be BDT 72,895. The highest annual income (BDT 165,974/-), as reported, comes from remittance ranging from BDT 1,20,000/- in Shariatpur to BDT 1,79,926/- in Munshiganj where only males are employed overseas. Pensioners’ income comes to the second position in term of amount (BDT 121,351/-) and the third highest per capita income comes from business (BDT 102,137). Highest income earned by women comes from business (BDT 87,546/-), second is the self-employment and the third from agriculture and house-wife (female headed household may be from agriculture as well).

Table 2.10 Average Income (BDT) of Affected Households by Occupation by District Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Sources of Fema Fema Fema Fema Ran Income Male le Male le Male le Male le Total k 112,61 112,96 Agriculture 5 - 72,294 - 87,052 78,000 7 78,000 95,484 4 117,80 116,72 102,13 Business 1 88,500 93,333 - 90,150 60,000 8 87,546 7 3 Employed 179,92 120,00 132,90 165,97 165,97 overseas 6 - 0 - 0 - 4 - 4 1 Fisher 80,143 - 52,286 - 57,810 - 66,592 - 66,592 7 House wife - 83,669 - 62,643 - 57,825 - 74,226 74,226 6 Household 100,00 service 71,000 14,794 - - 0 26,000 80,750 19,921 50,336 12 190,11 183,70 121,35 Pensioner 4 59,000 - - 89,667 - 2 59,000 1 2 Hawker 62,294 - - - 42,905 - 51,579 - 51,579 10 Rickshaw/van puller 51,078 - 42,750 - 47,426 - 49,412 - 49,412 13 Self-employed 84,700 80,000 - - 98,000 - 93,681 80,000 86,840 5 125,20 Service 65,696 46,608 0 - 82,472 - 70,511 46,608 58,560 9 Skilled based worker 82,395 30,667 - - 45,225 12,000 72,198 21,334 46,766 15 132,46 Traditional work 74,580 26,000 60,000 - 7 - 71,313 26,000 48,656 14 Transport work 66,875 - 57,688 - 63,258 - 63,826 - 63,826 8 142,55 Wage labourer 58,682 13,667 19,073 - 7 9,750 87,509 13,813 50,661 11 14

Other 54,000 11,800 36,000 15,000 70,000 15,000 54,000 13,857 33,929 16 90,12 45,47 67,86 38,82 85,45 36,93 89,38 47,30 72,89 Average 7 0 2 2 9 9 3 0 5 Source: ADB PPTA Census 2007 38. The highest average income was recorded in Munshiganj district (BDT 93,127) followed by Madaripur and Shariatpur affected areas (Table 2.10). As can be seen from Table 2.11, the highest proportion of income earners are between BDT 10,000 to BDT 50,000 (39%) which is 37% in Munshiganj, 25% in Shariatpur and 45% in Madaripur districts. Proportion of the lowest income earners is the highest in Shariatpur (65%) and the number of the highest income earners (BDT75,000+) is the highest in Munshiganj district (4%).

Table 2.11 Level of Per Capita Income of Affected Households by District No. of Households by District Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Level of Income (BDT) No. % No. % No. % No. % Up to 10,000 667 30.39 85 65.38 428 41.19 1180 35.08 10,000-20,000 819 37.31 32 24.62 472 45.43 1323 39.33 20,000-30,000 367 16.72 10 7.69 76 7.31 453 13.47 30,000-50,000 179 8.15 2 1.54 37 3.56 218 6.48 50,000-75,000 79 3.60 1 0.77 12 1.15 92 2.73 75,000+ 84 3.83 0 0.00 14 1.35 98 2.91 Total 2195 100 130 100 1039 100 3364 100 Source: ADB PPTA Census 2007

2.3.5 Poverty Status 39. According to the household income and expenditure survey of 2005, proportion of poor population amongst the affected population was noted to be 32% in the year 2005 based on consumption expenditure (CBN method). When compared to the official poverty level in the areas, the poverty level among the affected population is noted to be relatively low. Commercial activities concentrated to the river terminal, fishing and transportation business, diversified agriculture and remittance flow (from migrated family members) seems to be some factors contributing towards low level of poverty in the area. It is also because income of the poor people has gone up considerably for different reasons after the poverty index has been established.

40. On an average, more than 51% of the households are non-poor. As evident from Table 2.12 below, female headed households in Munshiganj and Shariatpur are noted to be more prone to poverty. In Madaripur district, the proportion by gender is equal.

Table 2.12 Poverty Level amongst Affected Household Poverty Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Level19 Male Female Male Female Male Female Total Hard core poor 19.28 33.16 50.41 12.50 27.04 22.62 23.48 Poor 21.03 26.53 28.10 37.50 31.66 35.71 25.03 Non-poor 59.68 40.31 21.49 50.00 41.30 41.67 51.49 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Source: ADB PPTA Census 2007

19 Households with monthly per capita income less than BDT 737 are considered as Hard-core Poor (2006). Households earning per capita monthly income between BDT 737 and BDT 1006 are poor and Households having per capital monthly income above BDT 1006 are non-poor. 15

2.3.6 Migration 41. Both internal (within the country) and external (outside the country) migration was reported during the socioeconomic survey conducted in June-August 2006. In Mawa side, among the 120 sample households, 38 persons were found to have migrated internally. In Janjira, 122 persons were found as internal migrants within the 270 sample households. 42. The survey also found 11 persons in Mawa side and 20 persons in the Janjira side migrated outside the country for wage earning. The survey results estimated that for each 3 households in the Mawa and Janjira sides, there is one person migrated locally for wage earning. As for external migration, one person in each 11 households in Mawa side and one person in each 14 households in Janjira side have migrated outside the country for wage earning (Table 2.16).

Table 2.16 Migration for Wage Earning in Impact Area Households Mawa Janjira No. of No. of Type of migrants No. of family per migrants No. of family per migration migrant migrant Internal migration 38 3 84 3 External migration 11 11 20 14 Total 49 2 104 3 Source: ADB PPTA Census 2007

2.4 Gender Status 43. Like many other countries in the developing world, Bangladeshi women too fare worse than men on most of the social indicators. During the course of the Project preparation and assessment, detailed Gender analysis was also undertaken to look into the current status and needs of the women in the Project area (RAP III) and its potential impact on them. The gender status, impacts and issues have been specifically analyzed and documented in form of the Gender Report.20 Some of the key findings arrived from the analysis and surveys are summed up below:

44. Social Status: The census survey and assessments brought forth that the gender role and relations between male and female in the project-affected areas on both banks of the Padma River is typical of the Bangladesh society at large. Little gender differences were noted between the two sites Mawa and Janjira. Despite Mawa’s greater proximity to services and Dhaka city unlike Janjira, in both areas, men were noted to be much more mobile than women. Women in the affected villages on the Janjira site are lead a village based existence with mobility restricted to visiting relatives or medical facilities in times of emergency. It’s the husbands or sons generally who undertake shopping and selling at the markets on behalf of the village women. Many women in the Mawa site met shared that their husbands or sons live and work in Dhaka. As a result, women around Mawa predominantly live in rented houses or leased land and in much closer proximity to each other. However, women in Janjira site enjoy wider spaces mostly on their own land. 45. About 56% of the female heads of households amongst the affected population are reported to be widows, 33% unmarried, and 12% divorced.21 FHH are smaller in size compared to the male headed households (MHZ), with 3.75 members per family compared to 5.32 members per household in case of MHH22.

20 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design, Gender Action Plan, (Appendix-4 and 6), 26 October 2009 21 Synthesis from ADB PPTA Census Database (2006) 22 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design, Gender Action Plan, (Appendix-4 and 6), 26 October 2009 16

46. Women are over-represented among the illiterate population (36.26) in the RTW affected area. The incidence of higher education is low in case of females with only 5.76% females reporting SSC/HSC while less than 1% reported graduation or post graduation%. 47. Economic Participation: The surveys brought forth that men normally work in the field in agriculture, do businesses or are employed requiring greater mobility to cities and distant markets. Women are traditionally involved in home-based reproductive and unpaid productive work (92%). Participation of women in agriculture is evident in the form of rice husking and crops processing (paddy, jute and others) at the household level. It was also noted that women have access to NGO based micro-credit but in most cases, they borrow the money for investment through their sons, husbands or fathers. Very few women have been able to invest directly like operating household attached shops, cattle raising, cattle fattening, etc. Women and girls mostly in the Mawa site are involved in sewing for design on garments. Women in Mawa site are also found to be involved in resale of fabric, home-based tailoring, as cooks in local restaurant or in mess of migrant workers. Poor widows and divorcees normally work as domestic help in local households for food, paddy, cloths and the like. 48. About 8% of the total employed population amongst the affected households comprise of women. These women are overwhelmingly involved in service, business, and some other gainful such as domestic/household service, remittance, etc. Only 0.23% of them were noted to be engaged in agriculture. 49. Income Status: Interactions and survey in the area also brought forth the gender inequality with employed women earning about 48% less than their male counterparts (Table 2.10). In agriculture, women earn 31% less than male and in business the proportion is 25%. No income from overseas employment, fishing, hawking and transport work was reported in case of female headed households. 50. Poverty amongst FHH:The survey also brought forth that the FHH in the project-affected area are more prone to poverty than the MHH. About 29% of the FHH comprised of the hardcore poor23 as compared to 23% MHHs falling in this category and 30% of the FHH poor in comparison to 25% poor MHH. Forty one percent of the FHH can be considered non-poor, which is 52% among the MHH.

2.5 Gender impacts of the Project 51. The construction of the bridge and the augmentation of road network and services, as per the women interacted with, will have far-reaching impacts on them and their lives. One of the major benefits of the Project as expressed by women would be in terms of enhanced mobility. The bridge construction would definitely augment the frequency and quality of the transport; thereby further improving access of women (& men) to various social services and income opportunity.

52. However, as anticipated, due to the displacement some village women were noted to be anxious about having to move to a new location (resettlement areas). This anxiety was very much correlated to age, with older women particularly upset and worried about the changes the project would induce in their lives vis-à-vis the younger women who were found to be more accepting and pragmatic towards the same. Women voiced that it would take them some years to reestablish their lives and re-create relationships and social ties with their neighbours, re-establishing shade and fruit trees, gardens etc.

53. In case of those who will not be affected or displaced, coping with the construction disruption will be challenging. Informed about the influx of project labour, most of the women shared that while this would be a good income generation opportunity whereby they can sell garden produces to these labourers at a roadside stall. Most noted improved access to roadside small business in the future, and improved transport links, as possible project benefits.

54. Of the total affected population in the areas of RTW, nearly half (47%) comprise of women. Proportion of female population is the highest in Shariatpur (48%) and the lowest in Munshiganj (46.9%).

23 Households with monthly per capita income less than BDT 737 are considered as Hard-core Poor. 17

55. In terms of direct impacts, the data from JICA feasibility study 2005 and BIDS survey (Sept 2009) brought forth that of the 3402 households affected by the project land acquisition, 278 (8 %) are female headed households (FHH). However, adequate provisions have therefore been included in RAP III to provide additional assistance to these FHH so as to restore their livelihood.

2.6 Summary 56. The affected population is largely vulnerable to endemic riverbank erosion and flooding due to the presence of the mighty Padma River. People are affected by the river due to its shifting nature requiring frequent migration but dependent on it for their livelihoods in water and road transport sectors owing to the important river crossing at this point on the national highway from Dhaka to Khulna. Remittance flow, river and terminal oriented commercial activities, proximity to Dhaka city and NGO interventions are important factors of the economy of the project-affected area. The bridge, after it’s opening, will reduce the scope of river and road transport oriented livelihoods substantially. Acquisition of agricultural land will affect livelihood resources for majority of the affected peoples in the Janjira side. Relocation and income and livelihood restoration will, therefore, need careful scrutiny of the loss of livelihood resources and the likely occupational disruption due to undertaking of the project. 57. The following issues received specific attention in the policy formation and developing mitigation measures for resettlement and livelihood restoration:  Affected population comprises of 53% male and 47% females.  About 46% of the project affected population is economically dependent, unemployed, disabled or elderly, and minor and children.  Literacy among the affected population is 83% and only 8.72% have higher education (SSC and above) and functional literacy among the females is 82%.

 Agriculture is the traditional means of livelihood but people are mostly involved in business (more dominantly in Munshiganj district.)

 Only 201 of the employed population have a second occupation where business is a major option.

 Only 42% of the affected populations have their own homestead and the rest are mainly tenants and some uthuli (families living on others’ private land).

 Affected population is mainly using tin made kutcha houses (63%). Only 2.95% of the households owns pucca and 3.74% owns semi-pucca structures. More or less 7% of the households in both bank are living in thatched houses representing the poor segment of the population.

 Poverty rate, as per 2006 census, is considerable among the project-affected households in the RTW affected areas. Twenty three percent (23%) of the affected households are hard- core poor and another 25% are absolute poor. Poverty rate is similar for both male and female headed households in Madaripur district (59%). But in Shariatpur poverty among the male headed households is more (79%) than the female headed households (50%) and it is reverse in the Munshiganj district (40% among male headed households and 60% among female headed households). 18

CHAPTER 3

IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

58. This chapter focuses on project impacts – loss of land, structure and other assets resulting from RTW on both banks at the bridge site.

3.1 The Project Impacts 59. In absence of the final RTW design,24 the project impacts have been estimated based on the data retrieved and processed from available database of the ADB PPTA 4652-BAN Study 2007 for all type of structural losses whereas the agriculture land impacts have been estimated based on the Land Acquisition Plan prepared in 2006 by BBA. These surveys brought forth that a total of 5420 households comprising of 29,660 persons would be affected. The adverse impacts of the components covered in RAP III (RTW area) largely include loss of land (residential and commercial); structure (residential, commercial and PCR) income and livelihood (owners, wage earners). In addition, the construction of the RTW shall also entail some indirect impacts such as loss of access to land by tenants and informal occupants; loss of access to residential and commercial structures and loss of employment and workdays. Such PAPs have also been included in this RAP. The project is also keeping provisions for single track rail, power transmission line, gas pipeline, and fibre optic cable on the bridge. But costruction of these facilities will be undertaken at a future date. Therefore, safeguard issues for these components are not included in this report. 60. Table 3.1 below details the category wise number of affected households and project affected persons (PAPs).

Table 3.1: Categorywise Impacts of the RTW on Affected Population Kind of loss No. of Affected No. of Project Affected Households (AHs) Persons (PAPs) Agricultural land25 2,018 11,038

Structures (which include homestead, Commercial 3,402 18,622 establishment, PCR and others)

Total 5,420 29,660

Indirect impacts 1,777 1,777 (Wage earners and others) Grand Total 7,197 31,437 Source: BBA/BCL RAP June (2006) & ADB PPTA 4652-BAN (2007)

24 There was some uncertainty in the design of the RTW on hydro-morphological grounds, the impact on the upstream and downstream char lands and erosion of bankline, especially in the Janjira site. 25 Household size among the affected households is 5.47 on an average. This has been used to calculate APs with affected agricultural land owners. 19

61. In addition to private structures, a total of 63 common property resources (CPRs) comprising of permanent and temporary mosques, informal educational institutions, social institutions, would also be affected as a result of the RTW.

3.2 Scope of Land Acquisition 62. A total of 508.55 ha of land will be affected in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts as a result of the component (RTW) included in RAP III. Of the total land affected, the majority of land affected is located on the Janjira side amounting to 77% of the total acquired land, whereas the remaining affected land lies on the Mawa side (Table 3.2). About half of the land, as per PPTA design, will be underwater eroded land largely khas (government owned) land, if AD line is established before acquisition.

Table 3.2 Distribution of Affected Land by components

Location District Land Quantum (ha) % Mawa end Munshiganj 114.72 23.00 Janjira end Shariatpur 190.33 37.00 Madaripur 203.50 40.00 Total 508.55 100.00 Source: BBA/BCL Resettlement Action Plan, June 2006 and current exsimate on land for RTW at the bridge land point on the Janjira site (March 2010) 63. Since the RTW is yet to be finalized, change in the RTW design will lead to change in amount and location of land to be acquired for the component. Once the RTW design is finalized, census of affected households and assets will be carried out by BIDS to revise and update the RAP III. The updated RAP III will be disclosed to the APs, endorsed by the EA. The updated RAP III will be submitted to Co-financiers for approval prior to award of civil works contracts for the Project.

3.4 Impact on Agricultural Land 64. In absence of updated land title records, owners of agricultural and other types of land are identified by the Deputy Commisioners in the process of land acquisition. A census of agricultural land parcels, without legal scrutiny, cannot identify the current legal owners of land. The agricultural land inventory developed during the ADB PPTA study in 2006 will, therefore, be updated based on the award information obtainable from DCs in the process of land acquisition. According to the 2006 agricltural land inventory, an estimated 2,018 households will be affected due to acquisition of agricultural land for the RTW construction in three districts (The number is unlikely to change by any major margin due to very limited land transaction in the project area as indicated in the BIDS land valuation replacement survey). About half of the affected households will be in Munshiganj district (49%) and a little more than one third in Shariatpur district. Madaripur accounts only 17% of the households to be affected for the RTW component. It is worthwhile to note that the land for the RTW work will be taken along the bank line where agricultural land is less productive and about 50% of the land will be underwater eroded land (as per original design) as 50% of the revetment structure will be constructed on underwater land.

65. In comparison to RAP-II, wherein 6072 AHs are affected by acquisition of agricultural land, the number of agricultural land losing AHs is much less in case of RAP-III largely due to the fact that many of the affected households losing land to the RTW areas have already been considered in RAP- II and hence were not included in RAP-III estimate to avoid duplication.

66. The analysis of the impact ratio on affected households brought forth that 23% (456 AHs) of the affected households will be losing more than 10% of their income as a result of the land acquisition. Amongst these severely affected households, the majority 239 AHs (11.84%) comprise of those who would be losing 10 to 20% of their total income as a result of the acquisition whereas 2.13% (43 AHs) would lose more than 50% of their total income (See Table 3.3). 20

67. Taking into account the severity of impact, specific livelihood measures (detailed in Chapter 7 of RAP III) have been planned in order to restore or improve the livelihoods of the affected households.

Table 3.3 Extent of Income Impacts from loss of Agricultural land

Number of Affected Households Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Level of impact on income In (% of total income loss) In No. In No. In No. In No. %age 0-10 814 394 237 1,445 71.61 10.01-20 83 106 50 239 11.84 20.01-30 30 38 26 94 4.66 30.01-40 13 28 16 57 2.82 40.01-50.0 7 8 8 23 1.14 More than 50 15 15 13 43 2.13 Data not available 26 88 3 117 5.80 Total (In Number) 988 677 353 2,018 100.00 (in %age) 48.96 33.55 17.49 100 Source: ADB PPTA, Sample Census, 2006

3.5 Project induced Displacement 68. Apart from agricultural land, a total of 3465 structures would also incur severe impact as a result of the RTW construction. The survey data revealed that all these structures would incur impact on their main structure leading to displacement of a total of 3402 affected households and necessitating their relocation. Out of these, 42% of the displaced households comprise of titleholders whereas the remaining comprise of non-titleholders (renters, occupiers, sheltered, etc.).

3.5.1 Gender Disaggregated data of the Displaced Households 69. Relocation of 3465 structures would lead to the adverse impact on a total of 18,622 persons necessitating measures for appropriate relocation and resettlement of 13,870 persons. The highest proportion of affected persons are located in Munshiganj (64%) followed by Madaripur (32%) and Shariatpur (4%). As detailed in Table 3.4, in keeping with the men-women ratio in the Project area, more than half of the 18622 persons getting displaced comprise of men followed by 8788 women.

Table 3.4 District wise Gender Profile of the Displaced Population District Households* % Male % Female % Both Sex % Munshiganj 2,230 65.55 6,360 64.67 5,616 63.91 11,976 64.31 Shariatpur 132 3.88 415 4.22 383 4.36 798 4.29 Madaripur 1,040 30.57 3,059 31.11 2,789 31.74 5,848 31.40 Total 3,402 100.00 9,834 100.00 8,788 100.00 18,622 100.00 % by Sex - - 52.81 47.19 100 * No. of households excludes the physical cultural resources Source: ADB PPTA (4652-BAN): Census affected households, business and PCRs, 2007

3.5.2 Type of Affected Structures 70. Out of the 3465 affected structures, the highest number of structures getting affected comprise of residential structures (73%) followed by 22% commercial structures. Apart from residential and commercial structures, a total of 112 households will incur loss of other structures mainly comprising of wall/fences, tube wells, latrines, etc. 21

71. In addition to private structures requiring relocation, a total of 63 common/community structures including physical cultural resources (PCR) would also be affected as a result of the Project those includes mosques, educational institutions, social institutions, etc. 72. Table 3.5 below presents district wise details of the affected structures. As reflected in the Table, the number of households and other establishments requiring relocation is the highest in Munshiganj (62.31%) followed by Madaripur (33.31%) and Shariatpur (4.38).

Table 3.5 District wise Impact on Structures Community- Private Assets owned assets Name of Residential Physical Commercial Others Total District Residential cum cultural Enterprise Structures Structures Commercial resources (CE) (OS) Enterprise (PCR) No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Munshiganj 1579 62.31 0 - 616 81.48 35 31.25 26 41.27 2256 65.11 Shariatpur 111 4.38 0 - 3 0.40 18 16.07 6 9.52 138 3.98 Madaripur 844 33.31 0 - 137 18.12 59 52.68 31 49.21 1071 30.91 Total 2534 100 0 0 756 100 112 100 63 100 3465 100 % 73.13 - 21.82 3.23 1.82 100 Source: ADB PPTA 4652-BAN, Census and Socioeconomic Survey, 2007

3.5.3 Construction Type of Affected Structures 73. Of the 3465 affected structures, close to 63% comprised of tin houses, followed by 23% kutcha structures. Of the total affected structure, only 3% comprised of pucca houses and about 4% of semi-pucca structures. About 7% of the affected structures were noted to be thatched structure mainly belonging to the poor and hard core poor households in the affected area (See Table 3.6).

Table 3.6 Quantity of Affected Main Structures (Floor Area in sft) by District Structure Type by Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total construction materials Sft % Sft % Sft % Sft % Pucca 36718 4.43 11291 1.87 2530.12 48262 2.95 Semi Pucca 51651 6.24 8325 1.38 1173 0.57 61149 3.74 56001 67.6 35615 59.1 11971 58.1 103588 63.3 Tin 9 3 1 2 5 5 5 0 13425 16.2 17213 28.5 31.6 22.7 Kutcha 0 1 4 7 65171 6 371555 1 Thatched 45404 5.48 54568 9.06 19558 9.50 119530 7.30 82804 60246 20587 163638 Total 2100 9100 0 100 1 100 % by district 50.60 36.82 12.58 100 Source: ADB PPTA 4652-BAN, Census and Socioeconomic Survey, 2007

3.6 Affected Trees 74. In addition to impacts on structure and land, the river training work will cause felling of about 366,886 private trees of various species and sizes. Of the total affected trees, only 20% trees comprise of saplings and 29% small trees. In addition, 28% of the total affected trees comprise of bamboo trees followed by 30% banana trees, 20% timber trees and 16% fruit bearing trees having timber value. Only 7% of the affected trees are fruit bearing trees (Table 3.7). 22

Table 3.7 Number of Trees affected in RAP III Tree Type Number of Number of Number of Number of Total % by Type Large trees Medium trees Small trees Saplings Bamboo 51029 29391 16082 4817 101319 27.62 Banana 47266 26993 20972 13864 109095 29.74 Fruit 1372 3470 10472 9741 25055 6.83 Fruit & timber 8847 7207 18570 23122 57746 15.74 Timber 3938 6575 40151 23007 73671 20.08 Total 112452 73636 106247 74551 366886 100.00 % 30.65 20.07 28.96 20.32 100.00 Source: ADB PPTA 4652-BAN, Census and Socioeconomic Survey, 2007

75. In terms of location, more than half of the affected trees will be in Shariatpur district followed by a quarter in Munshiganj district and the rest 19% in Madaripur district (See Table 3.8).

Table 3.8 Number of Trees affected in RTW by District and Size Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Type of Tree No. % No. % No. % No. % Large 28069 30.68 62025 30.12 22358 32.18 112452 30.65 Medium 21634 23.64 37092 18.01 14910 21.46 73636 20.07 Small 24828 27.13 62504 30.36 18915 27.22 106247 28.96 Sapling 16970 18.55 44286 21.51 13295 19.14 74551 20.32 Total 91,501 100.00 20,5907 100.00 69,478 100.00 366,886 100.00 24.94 56.12 18.94 100 % by district Source: ADB PPTA 4652-BAN, Census and Socioeconomic Survey, 2007

3.7 Impact on Wage Earners 76. Apart from the direct impact households (incurring impact on structures and land), a total of 1777 wage earners will also be indirectly affected due to impact on commercial enterprises and agricultural land. The maximum number of wage earners would be affected in Madaripur (851 wage earner), followed by 509 wage earners in Munshiganj mostly comprising of unskilled and skilled non- farm workers. A total of 419 wage earners would be affected in Madaripur of these the majority comprise of farm labour. (See Table 3.9)

Table 3.9 District wise Project Impact on Wage Earners No. of wage earners affected by district Total S.No. Category of wage earners Munshiganj Shariatpr Madaripur

1 Farm labor (unskilled) 42 377 207 626 2 Non-farm labor (unskilled) 235 24 329 588 3 Skilled non-farm labor 230 18 315 563 Total 507 419 851 1,777 Source: ADB PPTA 4652-BAN, Census and Socioeconomic Survey, 2006

3.8 Vulnerability Status of Affected Households 77. Certain groups of population by virtue of their socio-economic realities are considered socially vulnerable and thus in need of special consideration so that they can benefit from the development activities project. These groups include: 23

(a) Hard core poor households (b) Tribal/Indigenous Peoples households (c) Female-headed households (FHH) and (e) Disabled households

78. The above groups have been recognized as “vulnerable groups” under the Project. In addition to the above groups taking into account the severity of impact the households losing more than 10% of their total income as a result of the Project impacts, have also been included in the list of “vulnerable households”. It is also worthwhile to note that the studies and surveys did not bring forth the presence of any Indigenous groups in the Project area. As a result, no Indigenous People would be affected as a result of the Project.

79. A little less than one-fourth (21.47%) of the total affected households were identified as falling in the category of socially and economically vulnerable groups. As detailed in Table 3.10 below, of the 1559 vulnerable affected households, 29% (456 AHs) comprise of those losing more than 10% of their agriculture land thereby making them vulnerable. Amongst the remaining vulnerable households, 39% comprise of disabled households, followed by 18% female-headed household and 14% hardcore poor households.

Table 3.10 Vulnerable Affected Households by District Total District-wise Vulnerable Affected Affected Households (AHs) Households S.No. Vulnerable category (HHs) In In Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur No. %age 1 Female Headed HH 189 9 80 278 17.83 2 Disabled HH 330 26 245 601 38.55 3 Hardcore Poor HH 112 15 97 224 14.37 HH losing >10% of their income due 4 to loss of agri-land 148 195 113 456 29.25 Total (in HHs) 779 245 535 1,559 100.00 Source: ADB PPTA 4652-BAN, Census and Socioeconomic Survey, 2007

80. Taking into account the socio-economic vulnerabilities of the affected households, specific provisions and special measures have been incorporated in the RAP III to ensure that they are not marginalized in the process of Project development. 24

CHAPTER 4

CONSULTATION, DISCLOSURE AND PARTICIPATION

81. Consultation and participation is a process through which stakeholders influence and share control over development initiatives, and the decisions and resources that affect them. Consultation with affected communities is the starting point for all resettlement related activities. Experience indicates that involuntary resettlement generally gives rise to severe problems for the affected population making them apprehensive towards the Project. These problems may be reduced if, as a part of Project planning and implementation, people are properly informed and consulted about the project, about their situation and preferences, and are allowed to make meaningful choices. Consultation is hence a two way process where the executing agency, policy makers, beneficiaries and affected persons discuss and share their concerns in a project process. 82. The international co-financiers’ safeguard policies give high priority on public consultation and participation to enhance the community voice and assure incorporation of community’s views in design and implementation of a socially and environmentally compliant project. However, current legislations on land acquisition and environmental issues in Bangladesh have some skewed provisions for communication and public participation.

83. In keeping with the same, the process of public consultation and participation in the PMBP was first initiated in the year 2000 and has been an integral part since of all studies and assessments undertaken. The first study was initiated by GOB in the year 2000 for assessing the pre-feasibility of the Project for further investigation. This was followed by a feasibility study, commissioned in 2003 (through 2005) by JICA that included engineering design and site selection for construction of the bridge. With the findings and recommendations of the JICA feasibility report, GOB approached the international development financing institutions for possible funding for construction of PMBP over the Padma River at Mawa - Janjira points.

84. Attempts have been made both in Project design and preparation of this RAP to encourage consultation and participation of the affected people and communities and incorporate their views, needs and aspirations into the Project components. The community was consulted during the public consultation meetings, which were organized at various stages. The objectives of all these consultations has been to inform the communities and population about the positive as well as negative impacts of the Project and seek their views, suggestions and inputs for minimizing the adverse effects, as far as possible, in keeping with the co-financiers safeguard policies and the national legislations.

4.1 Project Stakeholders 85. A stakeholder is any person, group or institution that has an interest in an activity, plan or program. This includes intended beneficiaries and intermediaries, winners and losers, and those involved or excluded from decision-making processes. Table 4.1 below classifies and lists the key stakeholders in PMBP:

Table 4.1: Classification of the Project Stakeholders Type of Stakeholder Profile Stakeholder  Project beneficiaries (residents and road users) of the southwestern, Primary north-central and central region of Bangladesh and stakeholders  Persons affected due to involuntary displacement and resettlement in the project area. 25

 residents of the char lands within the project “boundary”

 Project owner and EA, Secondary  Deputy Commissioners (DCs) and their supporting agencies, stakeholders  Local governments,  Design and Management Consultants,  Implementing Non-Government Organization (NGOs) and  Independent External Monitor

86. Stakeholders within the coverage of the RAP I & RAP II are overlapping in many respects since many of them are losing land in the construction of both approach road and the RTWs.

87. All efforts have been made to ensure the participation of all the key stakeholders in the Project. The consultation processes adopted during the Project preparation have been inclusive and has ensured participation of all relevant stakeholders at the national as well as local level.

4.2 Stakeholders’ Attitudes towards the Project 88. As a major infrastructure project, PMBP will have several impacts of varying significance. Despite those impacts, the affected households and communities were seen to have very positive attitudes to the Project. Aside from being proud of having a project of national importance in their area, the communities recognized the benefits of the bridge in terms of improved transportation and access to the southwest region, increased value of residual land, protection against erosion, multimodal transport facilities, opportunities for new businesses, employment and local development, resettlement in properly designed sites with civic amenities, and marketing and tourism development. The affected households were of the view that they would have an improved living environment at the resettlement sites with the availability of civic amenities and social infrastructure. Notably, poor and highly vulnerable households who had earlier no secured tenure would, for the first time, be provided with titled land (housing plots), economic stability and improved quality of life at the resettlement sites. 89. The support for the Project was further evidenced during the consultation meetings with the Co financiers’ Safeguard Review Mission at proposed project sites in Mawa, Naodoba and Bakhorerkandi on 19 May 2009. The meetings were attended by a large number of affected families, community leaders, local officials and administrators. The mission members encouraged the participants to express themselves and engaged in detailed discussion on project impacts, community consultation, compensation, and awareness about the project and resettlement policies, and their level of support for the project. Some concerns were raised by the participants, particularly with regard to replacement costs for land acquired by the project. The degree of participation at the meetings was very active and those who attended the three consultation meetings showed their fullest support for the Project.26 The World Bank mission visited the project sites on November 13th 2009 and interacted with the affected communities and other stakeholders. The community shared both positive and negative impacts of the project and reconfirmed their support and cooperation for the project.

4.3 Consultation Process adopted in PMBP 90. Although the consultative process in preparing a resettlement plan is both mandated and critical, the situation under Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project demonstrates the usefulness of continuity in stakeholder communication through the several phases of project development. The public consultation process entailed clearly explaining the project and its impacts, in a consistent manner, to the community through the many technical assessments27.This approach was applied in the

26 The support was also recorded in the mission’s Aide Memoire: “The mission found tremendous support for the project among the people in the region, on both sides of the river, among various stakeholders, the government, and also among the project affected people. It was heartening to see unanimous support for the project among all concerned, even affected people, who view this as a project of high national priority which will bring prosperity to the nation and SWR (southwest region) when completed.” Aide Memoire: Safeguard Issues Identification and Review Mission (16-21 May 2009), para 2.3. 27 Pre-feasibility Study of Padma Bridge by the Government of Bangladesh in 1999, JICA Feasibility Study during 2003-2005, BBA LAP, RAP and EMP preparation 2005-6 and ADB PPTA in 2006. 26 development of the RAP-III, which fully considered the community concerns in setting out options that would be acceptable to them. 91. The public consultation process in the project area began in 1999, as part of the first pre- feasibility study. The process continued under the JICA-funded Feasibility Study (2003-2005), at the preparation of RAP, LAP and EMP by the BBA (then JMBA) during 2005-2006 and during project preparation technical assistance study by ADB in 2006. The project-affected persons, particularly those in the corridor of impact, were consulted in designing the resettlement policy framework and entitlements. The meetings and workshops held with stakeholders on the Mawa and Janjira sides provided the affected households opportunities to express their concerns about land acquisition, compensation, and resettlement. The consultation process was further intensified during the detailed design period through formal and informal meetings, village level workshops, and disclosure of project impacts to the affected households and communities. This chapter presents a summary and overview of the consultations held over the project preparation period and detailed Design. Further details are available in the Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP)28.

4.3.1 Public Consultation and Participation during Feasibility Study 92. BBA conducted a number of consultation meetings with the stakeholders during the feasibility studies and preparation of RAP, EMP and LAP (up to December 2005) for all components. The key methods adopted during the consultation process were Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) and stakeholders’ Workshops. 93. Nine FGDs were conducted between October 2004 and December 2005. The FGDs were primarily focused on land acquisition, environmental and social issues, wildlife/migratory birds and health hazards. Of the 9 FGDs, 3 were held in Mawa (Kandirpar, 9 October 2004; Medinimondol, 9 October 2004; and South Medinimondol, 12 December 2004) and 6 in Janjira (Mataborchar, 28 September 2004; Sikderkandi, 4 October 2004; Joynuddin Matbarkandi, 8 October 2004; Naodoba Bazaar, 14 December 2005; Matborchar Union Parishad (UP) Office, 20 December 2005; and Naodoba, 22 December 2005). On an average, close to 50 participants (BBA staff, consultants, village leaders, local officials, affected persons – farmers, women and the poor) attended each FGD. 94. The anticipated impacts of the Project were disclosed to the affected people at the beginning of the FGDs. Major issues discussed included: (i) Land acquisition and possible alternatives ROW; (ii) Hydrology, drainage and riverbank erosion; (iii) Fisheries, wildlife; (iv) Health hazards; (v) Tree cutting and impacts on local ecosystems; (vi) Community severance; (vii) Employment/job opportunities and occupational changes; (viii) Traffic congestion; (ix) Cultural resources and social infrastructure; (x) impacts on char lands; and (xi) relocation and resettlement. The participants were very active in the discussions and their approaches to the problems associated with the Project. The recommendations were recorded as minutes of meeting (with the communities concerned) that would provide the basis for follow-up discussions, if required. Some of the key recommendations of the FGDs were:

 All possible alternatives should be examined to minimize land acquisition for the bridge, approach roads and river training works.  Impacts of the bridge construction on the flood regime, drainage, erosion, water and fisheries – particularly hilsa migration -- should be considered with utmost care and attention.  Adequate number of tube-wells should be installed for drinking and other uses.  Local health facilities should be further developed to control water-borne diseases.  New cultural resources and social infrastructure should be established in consultation with local people.  Compensation for all losses – land, structure, trees - should be at market rate.  Resettlement sites should have all basic civic amenities.  Underpasses should be constructed in case of community severance due to the approach road.

28 Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP), November 2009 27

 Project impacts on char lands should be considered carefully.

95. In addition to the above, five PRA workshops were conducted involving affected villagers of all social classes. Two PRA workshops were held on the Mawa side (South Medinimondol, 9 October 2004 and Medinimondol UP office, 12 December 2005), and three were conducted on the Janjira side (Naodoba, 8 October 2004; Fazlu Matbor Kandi, 14 December 2005; and Bakhorerkandi, 19 December 2005). 96. The objectives of these exercises and village-level workshops was to make qualitative assessment of social impacts, including (i) project impacts and benefits, together with community response to the Project; (ii) nature and type of project-induced losses; (iii) potential mitigation measures for resettlement; and (iv) restoration of income losses; and (v) social development issues, with particular emphasis on women and vulnerable groups. Further goals of PRA exercises were to:

 Ensure participation of the local people  Create opportunity to play a role and express their views  Promote “people-centered” resettlement and development strategies  Analyze household and community level issues to draw early attention for mitigations and/or resolution  Social preparation for relocation, confidence and capacity building for community level resettlement management  Empowerment of the community with information so that they can use their best judgment in deciding appropriate measures.

97. Through village mapping and profile analysis, the villagers identified potential positive and negative impacts of the proposed Project. They noted that the Project would (a) create new employment and business opportunities; (b) make river crossing easier, safer and quicker; (c) provide for better healthcare and recreational facilities; and (d) increase the mobility of women, which would enhance family incomes. The negative impacts that they perceived include loss of properties due to project development, and indirect impacts and job losses at the ferry ghat due to closure of ferries in the post- project period. Table 4.2 lists their perceived categories of loss, mitigation measures, and compensation schedules.

Table 4.2: Identification of Losses and Recommended Entitlements

S.No. Category of Losses Proposed Entitlements Time schedule for payments 1 Land, homestead, Replacement value 6 months before handing commercial over

2 Crops, fruits trees, timber Market price One month before handing plants, fruits over

3 Residential, commercial Market price 3 month before dislocation structures

4 Loss of residence by Compensation for lost structures, 3 months before dislocation non-titled house plots at resettlement sites, persons/squatters and employment opportunities 5 Tube-wells, sanitary To be established by the project During shifting of houses facilities 6 Loss of income by men Employment by the Project; One month before losing and women establish new cottage industry income source

7 Loss of business Special assistance to re-establish During shifting premises business 28

8 Pond aquaculture Replacement value of pond, value Cost of structure, house plot of fish stock (allowed to take) at resettlement site and employment opportunity

9 Brick kiln Replacement value of land and Prior to removal of structure brick kiln and compensation for loss of business

98. The recommendations from FGD, PRA and Workshops have been considered in developing social and environmental safeguards framework for the Project.

4.3.2 Consultations during PPTA Studies 99. The stakeholders consultation meetings conducted during the ADB PPTA period focused on resettlement sites, site development issues, and relocation of community-cultural resources.29 In addition, five consultation meetings in the chars, upstream of the bridge site were conducted. During the consultative process, it was emphasized to the EA that land acquisition should be minimized and creative solutions devised to achieve that end; for example, in drawing attention to the relocation of the mosque at Mawa, it was suggested that constructing a retaining wall along the viaduct might allow the mosque to remain at its present site. The EA and government authorities were consulted on the legal and procedural aspects of the entitlement matrix and the methodology for determining replacement values. The recommendations from the consultation meetings were reflected in the Resettlement Plan.

4.4 Disclosure and Consultation on River Training Works 100. As part of detailed design preparatory work, disclosure and consultation meetings were carried out in the RTW affected area in October 2009. These meetings were attended by the affected households, affected households, local elected officials (i.e., Upazila chairman and members), Upazila (sub-district) officers, Design Consultants (Main Bridge/AR Engineer, RTW Specialist, Safeguards Specialists, INGO and BBA staff. The primary objective of these meetings was to explain the three RTW options to the local population vis-à-vis the RTW option proposed during the feasibility study30. The feasibility study had proposed 6 kms of river training on Mawa Side and 11.5 kms on the Janjira side for the protection of the bridge. 101. Against the feasibility study proposal, the design consultant presented three probable options which are as follows: Option 1: 4 kms RTW in Mawa and 14 km RTW in Janjira as Preferred Option Option 2: 4 kms RTW in Mawa and 3 guide bund on the Janira side mainland Option 3: 4 kms RTW in Mawa and guide bund at bridge location in Janjira and two guide bund on the upstream chars to guide the flow of the river. 102. Following the sharing of the above design options, further consultations were also in November and December 2009 undertaken in the charlands upstream and downstream of the bridge location. (See Table 4.3)

29 Padma Bridge Project (Annex 2:1 Consultation and Stakeholder Participation), November 2006. 30 Attempts were made to contact Jamuna Char Development Program (JCDP) without success. The street address of JCDP and contact numbers available in the internet and old documents are not presently in use by JCDP. 29

Table 4.3: Summary of the Consultations undertaken on River Training Work

Date of the Place of the Key Issues discussed consultation Consultation 5 Nov 2009 Kutubpur Union  The community perception about the Project Char  the impact of RTW on chars upstream and downstream and  Community views of the mitigation of any adverse impacts.

11 – 12 Nov Char Janajat  Understanding the char profiles 2009 (Upstream)  Char people’s view on the Bridge Shimuliar Char  Discussion on RTW options and impacts (downstream)  Feedback on potential mitigation and management

12 Dec 2009 Diara Naodoa  To understand the profile of the char population in the Char context of any potential impact of the Project  Development of response and mitigation strategies including Charland Management & development plan for the affected char communities.

103. These consultations meetings were helpful in understanding the behavior of the river “without the Project” in terms of how the chars are formed and eroded and how people adapt to natural process of erosion, migration and resettlement in the char. The meetings brought forth that erosion and accretion of charlands is endemic in the Project area. Particular attention was paid during these consultations on understanding the position of the char people on impact of RTW on the char lands and their suggestions on the RTW design and the char development plan. 30

Figure 4.1 Consultations in Progress in the Charlands with the affected communities 104. The local perception is that the Project may aggravate the scale of erosion in the area. The local stakeholder also considered that BBA should plan for assisting the people in the event of induced flooding and erosion caused by the Project. In the meeting at Diara Naodoa Char, some stakeholders considered that there should not be any river training work and the river should be allowed to take its natural course as in the past. Only limited RTW should be undertaken at the bridge landing area on both sides for the protection of the bridge. 105. The revised design of RTW will take into account the options and difficulties of the community people and will also be shared with the community before finalization. As noted earlier, this RAP III will be updated on the final RTW design by sections during Project implementation. Public Consultations and feedback on the adopted design will be carried out during the implementation period.

4.5 Environmental Assessment Consultative Process 106. The consultative process for the RAP III was complemented by a series of consultations conducted as part of the environmental assessment. Although approaching the project from a different perspective, it nonetheless provided a valuable way of assessing not only the awareness and concerns of the communities regarding environmental issues, but also their responsiveness to associated social issues. The consultations continued the process of closely interacting with the affected communities during project planning. 107. The stakeholder consultations included 10 FGDs held during April-September at various proposed project sites (5 at the resettlement sites, one on the Char lands, two at the service areas, and two at construction yards). The participants mentioned that a sound environmental mitigation plan be prepared to address the various impacts anticipated during the pre-construction, construction and implementation stages and to ensure the protection of sensitive locations. Among the issues discussed was the development of the resettlement sites, which would involve the construction of internal roads, drainage, sewerage and sanitation facilities, and the provision of utilities and social infrastructure. The participants were provided with preliminary designs of the resettlement sites and reassured that the design team had taken those aspects fully into consideration to be able to provide improved living conditions for resettlers as well as adequate housing plots. It was also recognized that a community environment management plan would be important to provide guidance to community management teams who would be drawn from resettlement site residents. As with the resettlement discussions, the participants reiterated their major concerns about land acquisition and the need for proper compensation, livelihood restoration, and access to religious structures and civic amenities. Overall, the outcomes of the consultations and discussions were positive, with participants expressing their expectation that the Padma Bridge would bring significant economic benefits to the region. 31

4.6 Public Disclosure of RAP III 108. As indicated earlier, this RAP for RTW for project processing purpose will be disclosed with the updated version during Project implementation. However, the overall impacts of the RTW on both sides have been discussed with the affected area population. The adopted RTW option and its impact will be identified during the Project implementation and a revised RAP III will be prepared as per the same. The Consultation process for revised RAP III will be continued guided by the principles as laid down in the Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP). The revised Project design, impact and policies for mitigation of adverse social will be duly disclosed to affected persons and host communities. The summary of the revised RAP III will be translated into Bangla and will be made available to the affected people by the Executing Agency (EA) prior to Loan Appraisal. Disclosures will also be continued using the following other instruments:

 Advertisement in newspapers;  Advertisement in radio and television;  Billboards and posters;  Community workshops;  Information brochures (draft at Annex VI);  Information in focal points at district, upazila and union levels;  Information pamphlets;  Personal contact; and  Village level meetings.

4.7 Strategy for Community Consultation and Participation during implementation 109. BBA will continue the consultation process during the implementation of RAP-III. Resettlement-related brochures, leaflets and other communications materials in the local language (Bangla) will be published for distribution among the affected households. These materials will also be available in the Union Parishad, Upazilas and district offices in the project area. Further steps will be taken to (i) keep the affected people informed about additional land acquisition plan, compensation policies and payments, resettlement plan, schedules and process, and (ii) ensure that project-affected persons are involved in making decisions concerning their relocation and implementation of RAP-III. The consultation and participation will be instrumented through individual contacts, FGDs, open meetings and workshops. Details of the consultation and participation process have been presented in the Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP). PCPP is a comprehensive document that seeks to define a technically and culturally appropriate approach for consultation and participation and has been prepared in compliance with co-financiers policies and national legislations. The larger goal of PCPP is to ensure that adequate and timely information is made available to the project affected people and communities and sufficient opportunities are provided to them to voice their opinions and concerns and participate in influencing upcoming project decisions. 32

CHAPTER 5

POLICY FRAMEWORK, ENTITLEMENTS AND RELOCATION

5.1 Legislations Governing Land Acquisition in Bangladesh 110. The principal legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh is the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance 1982 (Ordinance II with amendments in 1989, 1993, and 1994). The 1982 Ordinance requires that compensation be paid for (i) land and assets permanently acquired (including houses, trees, and standing crops,); and (ii) any other impacts caused by such acquisition. The Ordinance provides certain safeguards for the owners and has provision for payment of “fair value” for the property acquired. In addition to the Ordinance, another relevant law that applies to the Project due to acquisition of bankline for river training works, is the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1951 (Section 7) that defines the ownership and use right of alluvion (payosti) and diluvion land (sikosti) in the country. Legally, GOB owns the bankline and eroded land in the river. However, the “original” owner(s) can claim the land if it reappears in a natural process within 30 years from the date of erosion. Due to river training and other protection measures, landowners might lose access to new land in situ or original site. Therefore, land acquired for the bridge, including bankline, would be considered for compensation after a joint review of the alluvion and diluvion (AD) line established by the Deputy Commissioner(s) of the three districts. 111. In all cases, the Deputy Commissioner (DC) determines (i) market value of acquired assets on the date of notice of acquisition (based on the registered value of similar property bought and/or sold in the area over the preceding 12 months); and (ii) 50% premium on the assessed value (other than crops) due to compulsory acquisition. The DC payments or “awarded” to owners is called cash compensation under law (CCL). The value thus paid is invariably less than the “market value” as owners customarily report undervalued land transaction prices in order to pay lower stamp duty and registration fees. As a result, compensation for land paid by DC, including premium, remains less than the real market price or replacement value (RV).31 If land acquired has standing crops cultivated by tenant (bargadar), the law requires that part of the compensation money be paid in cash to the tenants with registered deeds only. Places of worship, graveyard and cremation grounds are not to be acquired for any purpose. The Ordinance does not permit the affected persons to take the salvageable materials for which compensation have been paid by the DC. 112. Under the 1982 Ordinance, the Government is obliged to pay compensation only for the assets acquired. Further, the Ordinance does not deal with social and economic impacts as a consequence of land acquisition. For instance, the Ordinance does not cover project-affected persons without titles such as informal settler (squatters), occupiers, and informal tenants and lease-holders (without registration document). Further, the Ordinance has no provision for resettlement of affected households and businesses or any assistance for restoration of livelihoods of the affected persons. In addition to the 1982 Ordinance this project will also use the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009 (Act 31) for the process of land acquisition.

5.2 Resettlement Experience in Bangladesh 113. At present, there exists no approved national policy on involuntary resettlement in Bangladesh. A draft national policy on involuntary resettlement was prepared in early 2008 by the

31 There is provision for Arbitration Appellate Tribunal on compensation assessment by the DC, but the law allows only 10 percent enhancements on the DC “award.” 33

Ministry of Land for consideration of the Government of the Bangladesh.32 Despite this internationally financed Project – particularly in large bridge projects such as the Jamuna, Bhairab, Paksey, and Rupsa bridge projects, the ensuing involuntary resettlements were planned and implemented successfully in the country. Resettlement in the Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project (JMBP), indeed, is considered a leading example with many “good practices” – for example, (i) identification of all affected persons and issuance of ID cards; (ii) cut-off date established by census33; (iii) preparation automated EP files and EC (iv) Preparation of payment statement (v) compensation for losses irrespective of titles; (vi) replacement value of land and other assets; (vii) resettlement of the affected households; (viii) special provisions for assistance to poor women and vulnerable groups; (ix) training/livelihood programs for income and livelihood restoration; (x) project benefits for “host” villages; (xi) management information system for processing resettlement benefits, monitoring and evaluation; and (xii) involvement of NGOs in RAP implementation – which has influenced many other projects since its completion in 1998, including the development of the draft national policy, which is awaiting approval by the Government. BBA (formerly Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority) is fully familiar with the co-financiers policy requirements and has adopted many of the JMBP “good practices” in designing safeguard policies for the RAPs prepared for resettlement of affected persons of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project.

5.3 Harmonization with Co-financing Policies 114. The international development financing institutions, co-financing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, have their own safeguard policies to minimize displacement and require time-bound action plans with measures to restore or improve livelihood and income of those affected by development projects. Since the 1982 Ordinance falls short of the safeguard requirements, the project land acquisition and resettlement policy has been developed and harmonized with Co-financiers’ safeguard requirements. The harmonization was carried out through a gap analysis involving the 1982 Ordinance II and the co-financiers safeguard policies34 and identification of gap-filling measures. The harmonization has also benefitted from the “good practices” in resettlement of affected persons in Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project (for details, see Annex 1, Vol. 6 Resettlement Framework). The harmonization of co-financiers’ safeguard policies is given in Annex I. The gaps between the harmonized policy matrix and the Government of Bangladesh policies, including project-specific gap filling measures, are detailed in Annex II. The harmonized policy forms the basis for preparing resettlement action plan (RAP) for various components of the project in a phased manner.

5.4 Resettlement Policy Framework for the Project 115. The resettlement policy framework for RAP-III has been designed to (a) cover all affected persons irrespective of titles to land, (b) compensation for lost assets, and (c) restore or enhance the livelihoods of all categories of affected persons. The households/persons affected by the component of RTW will not only receive cash compensation for land and other assets at full replacement cost as per market price at the time of dispossession but additional measures will also be undertaken to ensure minimum disruption of their lives and livelihoods during project construction period. Households to be displaced physically and affected economically will receive due compensation, relocation assistance, and allowances in accordance with the following guidelines and policy which are also part of Project Resettlement Framework.35

32 The Policy was drafted under ADB TA 4517-BAN: Development of a National Policy on Involuntary Resettlement in Bangladesh. The Ministry of Land (MOL) was the Executing Agency of the TA. MOL is in the process of finalizing the policy for submission to the Cabinet. 33 Impact inventory is generated through census of affected physical assets (other than land) including cultivated ponds, trees and crops. The dates of conducting census are considered as cut-off dates established by Census for non-titled persons. All assistance as per resettlement policy framework is provided based on losses identified by the Census. However, losses for titled owners are taken from the DCs award information. 34 ADB Involuntary Resettlement Policy (1995) and ADB Safeguard Policy Strategy 2009; JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, March 2010, and World Bank Guidelines, OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, 2003. 35 The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project - Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (Draft), 27 April 2009. 34

(i) Affected persons will receive replacement value of the land and other assets before relocation. Likewise, loss of standing crops and trees will be compensated at market price. (ii) Owners of residential/commercial units will be compensated at replacement costs. Renters/leaseholders affected by loss of living quarters or commercial premises will receive compensation and resettlement benefit due to loss of income. (iii) Affected community structures or physical cultural resources will be re-built or replaced at market prices under project supervision. (iv) Affected people will receive assistance to re-establish lost assets or livelihood. (v) The needs of women and vulnerable groups will be identified and provisions made for social and economic development support, employment, and means of subsistence to improve their status/livelihoods. (vi) Resettlement sites will be developed by the project with civic amenities to resettle the affected people, particularly those losing homestead and business structures, within the proximity of their “original” villages. (vii) BBA/resettlement implementing NGO will assist APs and business-owners/operators – directly and indirectly affected – in all aspects. The EA (through resettlement unit) will involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process concerning relocation and resettlement. (viii) BBA will guide, supervise, and monitor the land acquisition, compensation payment, and resettlement of the APs, including grievance redress and resolution of disputed claims for compensation/resettlement benefits. (ix) Grievance redress committees (GRCs) will be formed to ensure participation, and speedy and out of court settlement of as many disputes as possible. (x) Independent third party monitoring by an External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will be contracted to monitor resettlement operations and outcomes evaluation.

116. All affected households and persons, as per the above policy/principles and guidelines, will be eligible for compensation and resettlement assistance from the project. The policy framework for the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project has been designed to ensure that those affected are not disadvantaged, receive full support during the resettlement processes and can regain their lost income and livelihoods. The entitlements are further explained and elaborated in the entitlement matrix.

5.5 Cut-off Dates 117. Eligibility to receive compensation and resettlement assistance will be limited by the cut-off date (COD). The cut-off date for compensation under law (Ordinance II of 1982 with amendments) is considered for those identified on the project right of way land proposed for acquisition at the time of service of notice under section 3 or joint verification by Deputy Commissioners (DCs) whichever is earlier (legal COD). The affected households and titleholders have already received notice under section 3 from the concerned DC on 16 March 2008 in Munshiganj, 07 January 2008 in Madaripur and 23 January 2008 in Shariatpur district36.

36 As per Ordinance II of 1982, service of notice under section (u/s) 3 prohibits the owners of the land under proposed acquisition from any change of land type, their use and construction of any structure on the land or transfer ownership. If acquisition takes unusual time after notice u/s 3 or exceeds 60 days after placement of fund from requiring body (BBA), the owners can transfer the land on emergencies. In such case, new owners can claim compensation when acquisition takes place producing ownership documents and mutation. In case of new construction, DCs (as per PMBP LA Act 2009) has the discretion to review and consider, if not constructed on malafide intention to defraud the government. However, BBA will rely on award information for identification of owners of affected land and property for resettlement. If any loss is not recognized by DCs, the BIDS census will recognize them as per safeguard policy. The Ordinance II is strict to avoid manipulation in the compensation process which is further supported with the PMBP (LA) Act 2009. 35

118. BIDS Census survey to be conducted in the RTW areas after finalization of the RTW design, will be regarded as the “cut-off” date for eligibility for any non-titled persons such as nodibashi or uthuli or other informal settlers living in the acquired area or similar designated date by BBA (BBA COD). Any persons moving into the project area after the cut-off dates will not be entitled for compensation from DCs or any assistance from BBA. However, any APs not covered in the enumerations before the CODs can be enlisted with sufficient proof and approval from the GRCs. 119. BBA carried out a video filming of the right-of-way land, structure and trees during the survey conducted by BCL in 2006 to control fraudulent claims at implementation stage. This will be further updated and cross-verified by satellite images of the project area to be provided by CEGIS37. Meanwhile, the Government of Bangladesh has already taken legal measures to refuse compensation for “fake structures” erected on project right-of-way to claim compensation (Annex VII)38.

5.6 Valuation of Assets 120. Deputy Commissioner (DC) follows the rules laid down in the 1982 Ordinance to determine market prices for assets like land, structures and trees/crops, with assistance from other relevant departments such as Public Works Department (PWD) for structures, Forest Department for trees, and Departments of Agricultural Extension and Agriculture Marketing for crops. The assessed value is typically lower than the replacement costs. To ensure that the project-affected persons can replace the lost property, replacement value will be provided as determined by a Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) constituted by BBA with representatives from BBA, concerned DC office, upazila (local government), and PWD (Public Works Department). PVAC has already been approved by the government and gazetted on 25 October 2009. Government gazette on formation and functions of PVAC and the methogoloy of determining replavcement value of affected assets are attached in Annex-VIII. 121. The Detailed Design (DD) Team will provide all technical support to the PVAC to assess and recommend the replacement value of properties acquired to the Bridge Division, Ministry of Communication for approval. BBA will pay the difference between the replacement value and the DC payments under the 1982 Ordinance II. In addition, PAPs will be allowed to take away the materials salvaged from their dismantled houses and shops at no costs, despite compensation paid by the DCs. A notice to that effect will be issued by DC Office that PAPs can take away the materials.

5.7 Resettlement Eligibility and Entitlements

5.7.1 Eligibility Criteria 122. All affected persons will be entitled to compensation and resettlement assistance based on severity of impacts and ownership status.39 Lack of legal documents for customary rights of occupancy/titles shall not affect eligibility for compensation and assistance. In addition to compensation paid by the concerned Deputy Commissioner (DC), the APs will receive additional assistance in cash or kind to match replacement costs, which are the assessed market value of land at the time of dispossession including cost of titling such as stamp duty and registration costs, assessed cost of consruction of houses/structures including land development, market value of trees, crops and perennials, and other cash grants and resettlement assistance such as shifting and reconstruction allowance, compensation for loss of workdays/income due to dislocation. 123. Structures located on previously acquired land, if affected on project purpose, shall not be compensated by the DCs but will be entitled for resettlement benefits from the Project. Socio-

37 The satellite image will be taken by end January 2010 using WorldView-2. Satellite image of Right of Way using WorldView- 2 will be able to show more specific view of the existing structures and physical setting and will serve the purpose of video image of project right of way. 38 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009 (Act 31 of 2009). 39 The severity of impacts is based on the difference between temporary and permanent effects and minor and significant impacts as defined in the Glossary of Terms derived from co-financiers safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement. 36

economically vulnerable households such as - female-headed households, households below poverty line, households headed by disabled and those losing more than 10% of their total income as a result of the Project will be given additional cash assistance for relocation and house reconstruction. Households losing land only will be provided with additional assistance as dislocation allowance over the compensation for land at full replacement cost. 124. Affected Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) will be entitled for all compensation as above and will be rebuilt at Project cost at alternative permanent sites selected by the affected community. These resources will be replaced through the concerned service providers and public authorities. 125. Measures such as “host area benefits” – for example, additional class rooms in the existing schools, access roads, improved water supply and sanitation – to increase the carrying capacity in the existing facilities and areas will be undertaken so that resettled families are welcomed by the host community. 126. Resettlement sites have been selected at designated locations suitable for relocation of the households losing their housing and failing in finding out alternative permanent sites for relocation. Households displaced from their housing will be entitled for a plot at nearby resettlement sites on 99 years lease basis (see more in Chapter 6). 127. Unit of entitlement will be Entitled Person (EP) or household (if there is only one EP) in the household unless otherwise stated in RAP Implementation Manual. Additional cash grant to reach at replacement value of land will be entitled to individual titleholders /titled co-sharers. Titleholders will be eligible for individual compensation from DC as well as other resettlement assistance from BBA-RU. Non-titleholders will not be eligible for compensation for land acquired but will be entitled for compensation and assistance for the structure, trees and crops and other investment made by them on the land occupied by them and recognized legally or socially. APs identified as vulnerable will be eligible for additional assistance. For loss of access to land, they will be assisted to covercome the income losses and find new lands to move. APs will be permitted to take away the salvaged materials free of cost.

5.7.2 Compensation and Entitlement Policy 128. Entitlements for different categories of losses and their corresponding APs have been given in the entitlement matrix. Eligibility of APs will be governed by the entitlement matrix, cut-off dates and other conditions as per RAP Implementation Manual (Administrative Manual and Payment Modality). 129. Table 5.1 provides an entitlement matrix for different types of losses and dislocation, based on established IOL. The matrix also includes provisions for any unanticipated impacts arising during project implementation. The mitigation measures in the matrix are consistent with co-financiers’ safeguard requirements. They also reflect “good practice” for examples (e.g., replacement value for land, dislocation allowance, transfer grant, relocation at project-sponsored resettlement sites, grievance redresses, income and livelihood restoration, third party independent monitoring etc.) from the Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project. Compensation and other assistance will be paid to APs prior to dislocation and dispossession from acquired assets or three months prior to construction activities, whichever is earlier. Table 5.1 Eligibility and Entitlement Matrix Loss Item 1: LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Entitlement Legal owner(s) 1. Replacement Value 1. RV will be recommended by 1. Legal owners will be as identified by (RV) of agricultural PVAC. assisted by INGO to Deputy land. 2. Deputy Commissioner (DC) will organize legal documents in Commissioner 2. Dislocation pay cash compensation under support of their ownership. (DC) in the Allowance of BDT law (CCL) for the land. 2. INGO will identify loss and process of CCL 100 (one hundred) 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the entitlement of female owners payment. per decimal but the difference will be paid by BBA and co-sharers through total amount will not with assistance from the RAP share determination at the exceed BDT Implementing NGO (INGO). field upon receipt of payment 37

20,000/- (twenty 4. The dislocation allowance will be data from DC office. thousand). paid by BBA with assistance from INGO. Implementation Issues: 1. Landowners (private owners) will be informed of the details of the land acquisition and compensation process, resettlement package and payment procedure. 2. PVAC will recommend RV for land based on current market price (CMP) assessed by an independent agency at the time of dispossession including cost of titling. CMP will be assessed for each affected mouza for each type of land averaging (i) minimum approved price of land available at respective Sub- registrars’ offices, (ii) reported price, and (iii) transacted price of land at those mouzas (CMP should not be less than minimum approved price of land). RV will be obtained by adding the titling cost prorated on the CMP thus obtained (RV=CMP+CMPxa%, where ‘a’ is the rate of applicable registration cost for purchasing the land for CMP equivalent amount of money). RV will be approved by the Ministry of Communications. 3. DC will determine the market price of land averaging last 12 months sale prices (from the date of service of notice u/s 3) as per registration deeds in affected mouzas for each type of land obtained from respective sub-registrar’s offices. For all private land, the market price will be enhanced by 50% for compensation under law (CCL). For khas land (DC is the owner at respective districts on behalf of the government), CCL will be the assessed market price without 50% enhancement. 4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under section 6 with assistance from INGO. 5. The INGO shall encourage Entitled Persons (EPs) to consider purchasing land or investing the money in productive/ income generating activities.

Loss Item 2: LOSS OF HOMESTEAD, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL LAND AND COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Entitlement Legal owner(s) 1. Replacement Value 1. PVAC will recommend RV. 1. Legal owners will be as identified by (RV) of land. 2. DC will pay CCL for the land. assisted by INGO to DC in the 2. Dislocation Allowance 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the organize legal process of CCL @ BDT 200 (two difference will be paid by documents in support payment. hundred) per decimal BBA with assistance from of their ownership. but the total amount will INGO. 2. INGO will identify loss not exceed BDT 4. Other resettlement and entitlement of 20,000/- (twenty assistance in cash will be female owners and co- thousand). paid by BBA with assistance sharers through share 3. A plot in the residential from INGO. determination at the or commercial area of 5. APs, upon allocation of an field upon receipt of the resettlement site RS plot, will pay the price of payment data from DC (RS) for the homestead the plot to BBA at the rate of office. or commercial land CCL of the land acquired for losers respectively. the RS. Implementation Issues: 1. Affected persons (APs) will be informed of the details of the compensation policy, resettlement package and payment procedure. 2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM 1. 3. CCL for private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM 1. 4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under Section 6 with assistance from the INGO. 5. The INGO will encourage and motivate EPs to purchase homestead/ commercial/ community or industrial land or invest the compensation money in productive or income generating activities. 6. The resettlement site plots will be allocated to the head of the deserving households on a 99 years lease basis on payment at the rate of CCL of the land acquired for the RS. 38

Loss Item 3: LOSS OF WATER BODIES (PONDS, BOTH CULTIVATED AND NON-CULTIVATED) Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Entitlement Services Legal owner(s) 1. RV of the water body 1. PVAC will recommend RV of 1. Legal owners as identified by (private land). private land. will be assisted DC in the 2. Dislocation Allowance of 2. DC will pay CCL for the land. by INGO to process of CCL BDT 100 (one hundred) per 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the organize legal payment. decimal for perennial water- difference will be paid by BBA documents in body but the total amount with assistance from INGO. support of their will not exceed BDT 20,000/- 4. Other resettlement benefits ownership. (twenty thousand). will be paid by BBA with INGO will identify assistance from INGO. loss and entitlement of female owners and co-sharers through share determination at the field upon receipt of payment data from DC office. Implementation Issues: 1. Owners or cultivators of land and water body will be informed of the details of the compensation policy, resettlement package and payment procedure. 2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM 1. 3. CCL of private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM 1. 4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under section 6 with assistance from the INGO. 5. The INGO shall encourage and motivate EPs to consider purchasing water body or investing the compensation monies in productive or income generating activities.

Loss Item 4: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES WITH TITLE TO LAND Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Entitlement Services Legal owner(s) as 1. RV of residential 1. Applicable to all structures located Assistance in identified by DC in structure. on the Right of Way (ROW) at relocation and the process of CCL 2. Transfer Grant @ BDT 7 cut-off dates. reconstruction. payment. (seven) per sft of 2. PVAC will recommend the RV of affected structure. structures. 3. Reconstruction Grant @ 3. Inventory Verification Committee BDT 10 (ten) per sft of (IVC) will verify and record affected structure. structures eligible for RV and 4. Special Assistance of other assistance. one-time payment of 4. DC will pay CCL for structure and BDT 5,000/- (five if CCL is less than RV, BBA will thousand) for each pay the difference directly with female, disabled, elderly assistance from INGO. headed and very poor 5. BBA will provide other household. resettlement benefits directly with 5. Owner will be allowed to assistance from INGO. take away all salvageable materials free of cost. 39

Implementation Issues: 1. Joint Verification (DC and BBA) and/or Census will identify (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners. 2. PVAC will recommend replacement value (RV) of structure considering the cost of materials, labour inputs and land development cost at current market rates. Ministry of Communications will approve the RV of structures recommended by PVAC. 3. DC office with assistance from district PWD office will determine the market price of structures and enhance it by 50% for cash compensation under law (CCL). 4. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works requirement. 5. The date of service of notice u/s 3 will be the cut-off date for titled owners and BIDS Census will be recognized as the cut-off date for structures not covered by DC. In case of major differences identified between databases, BBA will verify the data through the Inventory Verification Committee (IVC).

Loss Item 5: LOSS OF COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL/PCR STRUCTURES WITH TITLE TO LAND Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Legal owners as identified 1. RV of commercial, 1. Applicable to all Assistance in by DC in the process of CCL industrial, PCR structure. structures located on relocation and payment. 2. Transfer Grant @ BDT 10 ROW at cut-off dates. reconstruction. (ten) per sft of affected 2. PVAC will recommend structure. the RV of structures. 3. Reconstruction Grant @ 3. IVC will verify and record BDT 15 (fifteen) per sft of structures eligible for RV affected structure. and other assistance. 4. Owner will be allowed to 4. DC will pay CCL for take all salvageable structure and if CCL is materials back free of cost. less than RV, BBA will pay the difference with assistance from INGO. 5. BBA will provide other resettlement benefits with assistance from INGO. Implementation Issues: 1. Joint Verification identifies (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners and Census identifies structure for non-titled owners. 2. Replacement value (RV) of structure will be determined and approved in the process as stated in LOSS ITEM 4. 3. CCL will be determined in the process as stated in LOSS ITEM 4. 4. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works requirement. 5. The cut-off dates for titled owners and socially recognized owners as stated in LOSS ITEM 4.

Loss Item 6: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL AND OTHER PHYSICAL STRUCTURES (WITHOUT TITLE TO LAND) Unit of entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services 1. Legal owners 1. RV of structure. 1. Applicable to all structures Plot in the identified by DC in 2. Transfer Grant @ BDT 7 located on ROW at cut-off resettlement site the process of (seven) per sft of affected dates. will be provided CCL payment. structure. 2. PVAC will recommend the for residential 2. Socially 3. Reconstruction Grant @ RV of structures. and commercial recognized owners BDT10 (ten) per sft of 3. IVC will verify and record structure losers, of structures built affected structure. structures eligible for RV/ and assistance 40

on the ROW as 4. Special Assistance of a one- other assistance and the in relocation. identified by time payment of BDT 5,000/- landlessness of residence Census and (five thousand) for each losing households for verified by IVC. female-headed, disabled- allocation of RS plot. headed, elderly-headed and 4. DC will pay CCL for poor household. structure to legal owners 5. If landless, the residence and if CCL is less than RV, losing households will get a or there is no CCL (for homestead plot of 2.5 socially recognized decimals at RS free of cost. owners), BBA will pay the 6. An AP losing a shop will be difference or the RV directly entitled to purchase a with assistance from INGO. commercial plot at RS at a 5. BBA will provide other cost equivalent to CCL. resettlement benefits 7. Owner will be allowed to take directly with assistance from all salvageable materials free INGO. of cost. 6. AP, upon allocation of a commercial plot at RS, will pay the price of the plot to BBA at the rate of CCL of the land acquired for the RS. Implementation Issues 1. Joint Verification identifies (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners and Census identifies structure for non-titled owners. 2. Replacement value (RV) of structure will be determined and approved as stated in LOSS ITEM 4. 3. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works requirement. 4. The cut-off dates for titled owners and socially recognized owners as stated in LOSS ITEM 4. 5. The homestead losers will produce documentary evidence and the BBA through IVC will cross verify the landlessness of the homestead losers for allocation of an RS plot for free. 6. Residential sites plots in the settlement sites will be allocated to the landless households on a 99 years lease basis in the name of both spouses. In case of single parent household, the household head irrespective of gender will get the allocation.

Loss Item 7: LOSS OF TIMBER AND FRUIT BEARING TREES, BAMBOO AND BANANA GROVES Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Additional Services Guidelines 1. Legal owner(s) as 1. Timber trees and bamboo: RV 1. Applicable to all INGO to explain RAP identified by the of trees and bamboo. trees and plants policies regarding DC in the process 2. Fruit-bearing trees without located on ROW at compensation for the of CCL payment. timber: if the tree is at or near cut-off dates. trees of different 2. Socially fruit-bearing stage, the 2. DC will pay CCL as categories and size recognized owners estimated current market value applicable for and make the EPs of trees grown on of the fruit. trees/plants. aware that they could public or other 3. Fruit-bearing trees with timber: 3. If CCL is less than take the timber and land, as identified RV for the timber, and RV or there is no fruits free of cost. by Census and estimated current market value CCL (for socially verified by IVC. of fruit. recognized owners), 4. Banana groves: RV of all trees the difference or RV and estimated current value of of different species one-time crop of each full- of trees will directly grown tree. be paid by BBA with 5. Owners will be allowed to fell assistance from trees and take the timber, free INGO. of cost after payment of CCL 4. PVAC will 41

or RV as applicable. recommend RV of trees and fruits. Implementation Issues: 1. Standard rates for trees of different species available with the Department of Forestry will be considered by PVAC in calculating the RV. 2. DCs will determine the market price of trees with assistance from district Department of Forest and enhance it by 50% to fix compensation under law (CCL). 3. The INGO will provide guidance in plantation and post-plantation care.

Loss Item 8: LOSS OF STANDING CROPS/FISH STOCK Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Owner cultivators as 1. RV of standing 1. Applicable for all crops/fish INGO will assist APs in identified in joint crops/fish stock. stock standing on land/pond the process of claiming verification by DC 2. Owners will be within ROW at the time of compensation from DC and BBA. allowed to dispossession. offices for organizing harvest crops and 2. DC will pay CCL for crops/fish necessary documents. fish stock. stock. 3. BBA will pay the difference directly with assistance from INGO if CCL is less than RV. 4. PVAC will recommend RV of crops/fish stock at harvest.

Implementation Issues: 1. RV of crops/fish stock will be recommended by PVAC (based on data obtained from district agriculture extension office and district marketing officer) for those identified through joint (DC/BBA) on-site verification before taking over land. 2. 3. DCs will determine the market price of crops with assistance from district Department of Agriculture Extension and District Agriculture Marketing Officer and market price of fish with assistance from district fisheries officer.

Loss Item 9: LOSS OF LEASED /MORTGAGED IN LAND/PONDS Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Entitlement Services 1. Leaseholder 1. RV of crops/fish 1. With legal agreement: Legal owner 1. INGO will with legal stock. and mortgagee/ leaseholder will be assist in papers. 2. Outstanding lease paid CCL by DC in accordance with ensuring that 2. Socially money back to the the law. the lessee recognized lessee by the owner 2. With customary tenancy agreements, receives all lessee or as per agreement. including socially-recognized verbal eligible sharecropper, 3. Dislocation agreements: Legal owner will receive payments. in case of allowance @ BDT CCL from DC. The legal owner will 2. INGO will customary 100 per decimal for pay the outstanding liabilities to the mediate informal actual cultivator to lessee/mortgagee. Under the refund of tenancy cover the income following conditions: (i) all contractual outstanding arrangements, loss from the land, liabilities are already paid up; (ii) if not, lease money including not exceeding BDT the legal owner will get the residual by the owner socially 5,000/-. payment after all liabilities are paid up. to the lessees. recognized 3. BBA will ensure RV of crops to the agreements. cultivator with direct payment of the difference, if CCL is less than RV, with assistance from INGO. 4. Dislocation Allowance will be paid to 42

the actual cultivator of the acquired land by BBA with assistance from INGO. Implementation Issues: 1. JVT will identify each land owner and any persons who presently have interest in the acquired land due to mortgage, lease or khai-khalashi right. 2. Any disputes over status of present interest in the land will be resolved through grievance redress procedure. Once resolved, INGO will assist in processing payments of all outstanding liabilities on the land to the appropriate persons. 3. Dislocation Allowance to cover loss of income will be paid to the tenant as per project-specific policy provisions. 4. IVC will verify and confirm socially recognized lessees for identification.

Loss Item 10: LOSS OF INCOME FROM DISPLACED COMMERCIAL/ INDUSTRIAL PREMISES (OWNER OPERATED) Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Any proprietor or 1. Grant for Loss of 1. Business owners will be EPs will be brought businessman or Business @ 5% of paid the entitlements after under income artisan operating in DC’s payment for the award of compensation by generating program. premises, at the time structure. DC to the owner of of issuance of Notice 2. One time Moving premises. u/s 3 and/or during Assistance of BDT 2. BBA will directly pay the BIDS Census. 5,000 for tenants. entitlement to the eligible 3. A commercial plot of affected persons with 80 sft in the assistance from INGO. resettlement site at 3. Price of commercial plots cost equivalent to to be paid by AP to BBA CCL. will be at the rate of CCL for the land acquired for the RS. Implementation Issues: 1. Primary eligibility to be based on businessmen identified by BIDS Census and /or DC/BBA joint verification. 2. IVC will verify eligibilities not covered by joint verification. 3. All the business operators will be entitled for grant against loss of business and a commercial plot at resettlement site. However, one time moving assistance will be provided to only the tenants. 4. The income-generating program will be implemented engaging an NGO experienced in rehabilitation and livelihood generation activities for the poor.

Loss Item 11: TEMPORARY LOSS OF INCOME (WAGE EARNERS IN AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE & SMALL BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY) Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Entitlement Regular wage 1. Grant to cover temporary 1. EP must have been an 1. EPs will be brought earners affected loss of regular wage income employee of under income and by the @ BDT 220 X 90 days for landowner or business livelihood regenerating acquisition. farm labour; BDT 220 X 60 located in the acquired program. days for non-farm labour; lands for at least 2. Involvement of qualified BDT 300 X 60 days for twelve months, as APs in construction skilled non- farm labour. identified by Joint work. 2. Female-headed households, Verification and/or 3. Involvement of qualified disabled, elderly and BIDS Census. APs in tree plantation extremely poor to be paid a 2. The needs of and social aforestation. 43

one-time grant of Tk 5,000 vulnerable groups will (five thousand) as Special be assessed. Assistance. 3. The resettlement 3. Income and livelihood benefits will be paid by restoration assistance from BBA with assistance Social Development Fund, to from INGO. be created by the Project.

Implementation Issues: Primary eligibility to be based on wage earners identified by BIDS Census and/or Joint Verification. Further claims and grievances, if any, will be settled by the grievance redress committee.

Loss Item 12: LOSS OF INCOME FROM RENTED -OUT AND ACCESS TO RENTED-IN RESIDENTIAL/ COMMERCIAL PREMISES Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services 1. Owner of the rented- Dislocation Allowance Each rentee of affected EPs will be brought out premises as of BDT 4,000 (four premises will be entitled for under income and identified by Census thousand) for each the dislocation allowance. livelihood regenerating and verified by IVC. unit of premises to program. The owners of rented out both the renter and the 2. Household/person premises will be entitled for rentees. rented-in any such dislocation allowance for structure as identified each unit of premises rented by Census and out to separate families or verified by IVC. persons. Dislocation Allowance will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO. Implementation Issues: BIDS Census and/or joint verification will identify the owner and renter of the residential and commercial premises duly verified by IVC.

Loss Item 13: ADVERSE IMPACT ON HOST POPULATION DUE TO RELOCATION OF APs Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Additional Services Guidelines Households relocated Enhancement of BBA will assess the 1. Investment in the host to the host villages carrying capacity of needs and develop area to improve health, common civic facilities at host education, and other amenities/utilities of areas. public services. the host communities 2. Afforestation in the host as per assessment by area. BBA.

Implementation Issues Community needs for enhancement of common facilities in host areas will be assessed through a needs assessment survey.

Loss Item 14: HOUSEHOLDS LOSING MORE THAN 10% OF THEIR INCOME (FROM AGRICULTURE OR BUSINESS) DUE TO THE PROJECT Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Additional Services 44

Guidelines Persons losing more 1. One time 1. The one time than 10% of their Dislocation Dislocation EPs will be brought under income income from all Allowance @ BDT Allowance will be and livelihood regenerating sources as identified 4,000/- per paid by BBA with program. by Census and household. assistance from verified by IVC. 2. Skill training and INGO. credit support 2. Income generation under income program will be generation implemented program. engaging an NGO. Implementation Issues: 1. Loss of income will be assessed as per actual loss of productive resources (land and businesses) to the project and the total income of the affected households from all sources through Census of all affected households. 2. IVC will verify the percentage of loss comparing the actual loss and the total income from all sources of the affected households. 3. Households turning into landless due to acquisition of agricultural land will be eligible for larger credit from the social development fund for longer duration.

Loss Item 15: LOSS OF SUBMERGED LAND (ERODED LAND)40 Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Entitlement 1. Legal owner(s) 1. In absence of legally 1. All application as mentioned 1. Previous owners of of land (DC's established AD line, all under Loss Item 1 (if not eroded land will be khas land after entitlements as khas land). assisted by INGO to legally provisioned for Loss 2. DC will receive CCL for land organize legal established AD Item 1. (if khas land) without 50% documents in support Line). 2. In case of khas land, enhancement. of their ownership. 2. Previous CCL to respective DCs. 3. PVAC will assess and 2. INGO will identify private owners 3. RV of khas land to recommend RV of eroded loss and entitlement of land below previous owner(s). land after AD line. of female owners and AD Line. 4. An Allowance @ BDT 4. Data from record co-sharers through 200 (two hundred) per room/tehsil office will be share determination decimal but the total collected for identifying the at the field upon amount will not exceed previous owners of land. receipt of payment BDT 20,000/- (twenty 5. IVC will verify and data from DC office. thousand) for previous recommend the previous owners to supplement owners. loss of future access to 6. GRC will approve for eroded land. payment of entitlements. Implementation Issues: 1. Project Affected persons (PAPs) will be informed of the details of the compensation policy, resettlement package and payment procedure. 2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM 1 (if the land is not khas). Upon establishment of AD line by DCs, RV of the eroded land under acquisition will be assessed for 25% of the RV of similar land in the main land or the actual price of underwater lands in riverbed whichever is higher. 3. CCL for private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM 1.

40 This provision included in the resettlement plans of Jamuna Meghna River Erosion Mitigation Project in Bangladesh as per request by ADB: Letter from ADB, Director, AENR Division, General Comments Item (iv), July 31, 2004. This has also been included in the resettlement framework of the ADB funded Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project. 45

4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under Section 6 with assistance from the INGO. 5. The INGO will encourage and motivate EPs to purchase homestead/ commercial/ community or industrial land or invest the compensation money in productive or income generating activities.

Loss Item 16: UNFORESEEN ADVERSE IMPACTS

Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Households/persons Entitlements will The unforeseen impacts will be identified As appropriate affected by any be determined as through special survey by the IVC as per unforeseen impact per the request from impacted population. The identified during RAP- resettlement entitlements will be approved by the MOC III implementation policy framework and concurred by the Co-financiers

Implementation Issues: The unforeseen impacts and affected persons will be identified with due care as per policy framework and proposed to the MOC and the co-financiers for approval including quantity of losses, their owners and the entitlements. 46

CHAPTER 6

RELOCATION, SITE DEVELOPMENT AND RESETTLEMENT

6.1 Displacement and Relocation 130. All necessary efforts have been made so as to minimize the Project impacts and to reduce impacts on assets and disruption of livelihood. Technical and Social team has worked closely to reduce the social impacts of the Project by means of both design adaptation and innovative technical solutions. 131. While all efforts have been made to reduce the adverse impacts of the Project as far as possible, a total of 3465 structures will still be severely affected leading to the displacement of 3402 households as a result of the river training work on both banks. Out of the 3465 affected structures, the highest number of structures affected are the residential structures (2534 structures), followed by 756 commercial structures and 112 other structures such as wall/fences, tubewells and latrines. In addition to these 3402 private structures requiring relocation, a total of 63 comon/community establishments including physical cultural resources (PCR) would also be displaced as a result of the Project. These PCRs mainly comprise of mosques, clubs and other PCR which will be adversely affected and need to be relocated. Table 6.1 below provides the district-wise distribution of affected structures.

Table 6.1 District wise Distribution of Affected Structures (including PCRs) District No. of Affected Structures (HHs)

Munshiganj 2256

Shariatpur 138 Madaripur 1071

Grand Total 3465 Structures

Source: ADB PPTA No. 4652-BAN, Census Survey, 2006

6.2 Social Preparation for Relocation and Resettlement 132. The scale and extent of displacement and relocation became clearer during the feasibility study in 2003-05. As a result, the feasibility study team looked at the existing settlement patterns, and involved potential resettlers and host populations in the discussion in understanding their choices or options for relocation as well as the selection of sites both in Mawa and Janjira. In village level PRA/workshops, the Jamuna experience, particularly the “good practices introduced by the Jamuna – for example, (i) project-sponsored resettlement site, (ii) self-managed resettlement by the affected people (with full assistance from the project), (iii) “host” area benefits, and (iv) livelihood programs in post-relocation period – were discussed for informed choices by the affected households.

133. A group of some 40 community/village level leaders, opinion-makers, elected officials and affected persons were also taken to the Jamuna resettlement sites for a day long trip to consult the resettlers in Bhuapur and Sirajganj. The outcome of this trip helped in shaping up the various options and alternatives in designing the resettlement plan and strategies for relocation of the displaced households. 47

134. It also became evident during village-level meetings and discussions that the affected households prefer to remain with and/or in close proximity to their “original” samaj. The samaj is a patron-based traditional social organization of kin and/or non-kin members. It is an informal but important local “community” typically led by a village elder or matabbar (socially recognized leader). The samaj, which performs religious, ritual, ceremonial and adjudicative functions at the village level, displays a strong sense of solidarity among its members and thus works as a “mutual aid group” in crisis and disasters, particularly in adjustments to erosion displacement. Displaced samaj members receive assistance in the form of “free” use of land (owned by relatives or samaj members) for reconstruction of houses and settlement in the floodplain villages (refer to nodibashi or uthuli households in Mawa and Janjira side). The choices concerning relocation and site selection was largely influenced by samaj consideration, particularly in Janjira side. 135. During consultations with the displaced families, some of the major concerns voiced and challenges identified comprised of decrease in income opportunities, decrease in agricultural land, increase in landlessness, and scarcity of land for permanent relocation sites. Inadequacy of compensation for purchase of equivalent amount of land and decrease in income opportunities were the most prominent issues affecting relocation choices. All these issues have been addressed while working out the relocation strategy in the RAP.

6.3 Preferred Option for Relocation 136. A section of the affected people was interviewed on the choices and options for relocation during the BIDS Census Survey during July-August 2009 in the main bridge and approach road alignments. The survey found that more than 70% of the displaced households preferred self- relocation with assistance from the project. About 22% opted for relocation in developed resettlement sites provided by the government whereas only a small proportion of the displaced households (7.5% households) prefer group relocation for them (See Table 6.2). It is useful to note that it’s mostly the displaced households in Janjira who prefer self-relocation, in comparison Munshiganj. In Munshiganj, 38% of those getting displaced have opted for Project-developed resettlement sites for their relocation. The choices will be fine-tuned through a similar census in the RTW affected villages as well when Table 6.2 will be updated.

Table 6.2: Relocation Preferences of the Displaced Households

Type of Relocation Name of Self-relocation with In small-groups Project-developed Total District project help with project help resettlement sites (in %age) Munshiganj 58.7 3.2 38.1 100.0

Shariatpur 74.9 16.1 9.1 100.0

Madaripur 81.1 1.6 17.3 100.0 Total 70.6 % 7.5 % 21.9 % 100.0 Source: BIDS, Census Survey, September 2009

6.3.1 Self-Managed Resettlement by Affected Households 137. The self-managed resettlement could be on their own land in same village or in nearby villages; through purchase of new land for housing and resettlement elsewhere. A total of 70% of affected households preferred to self-relocate themselves in the same or nearby villages after receiving all eligible benefits as per the policy framework and entitlement matrix. In most cases, they would need to develop the new land by filling it about 3-4 meters as the nearby areas, in most cases, are predominantly low-lying. Provision to assist the families for undertaking these tasks (land-filling) has already been included in Resettlement assistance. It is anticipated that the self-managed relocation strategy would limit social disruption by allowing the displaced families to stay around their own social kin groups as per their own choice. 48

6.3.2 Small Group Resettlement 138. The displaced households in groups of 25-30 families, typically related to kin or other social groups, will be encouraged to resettle in “cluster” in nearby (host) villages. This is another form of self- relocation enabling the affected families to remain together for mutual self-help. The preference for this kind of “small group” resettlement has been voiced by a total of 7.5 percent of the displaced households. 139. In keeping with the same, the project will provide additional support to these families and host villages (in which the small group would be relocated) in the form of additional civic amenities (such as provision of arsenic free tube-well and sanitation, development of road, additional rooms and spaces in mosques, schools, clinics in the host area etc. and others) so as to enhance the carrying capacity of these host villages and improve settlers-hosts relationship in these host villages.

6.3.3 Relocation to Project-Sponsored Sites 140. 22% (748 households) of the displaced residence and businesses losing households preferred to be relocated in Project developed resettlement sites. It is important to note that these displaced households largely comprise of squatters or informal settlers and members of vulnerable groups (female headed households, households with disabled family members) mainly landless, who may not succeed in resettling themselves on their own. Hence they have preferred project-sponsored relocation over self-relocation.

141. In keeping with the same, residential and commercial plots (as appropriate) in Project- developed resettlement sites will be allocated to these displaced households as per the entitlement matrix. In order to ensure resettlement these 748 households, a total of four resettlement sites, two in the right bank and two in the left bank of Padma, have been under development.41. These sites necessitated acquisition and ensuing resettlement impacts. As a result, a separate RAP (i.e. RAP I) has been prepared for the same. 142. Displaced persons receiving allotments of plots in the Resettlement Sites will pay lease money determined by BBA and bear the cost of stamp duty and registration fee (reimbursable later from project) for titling. A lease deed for 99 years will be registered in the joint names of the husband and the wife in case of couples and in the name of household head in case of single parents. On divorce/separation/death of husband, the ownership will automatically be vested to the wife in case of plots registered jointly with husband and wife. In case of the wife dies, the husband will be the sole owner of the plot. The lease deeds will specifically ensure these conditions. 143. Families belonging to same kin group (gusthi) will be allowed to relocate in cluster in the resettlement sites. Interested women entrepreneurs will be given preference in allotment of commercial plots in the resettlement sites. Members of Association of the Women Entrepreneurs will be privileged in distribution of these plots. The women will be organizing cottage-type industry and marketing of the homemade products to generate employment and income for them as well as other women residing in the RS. Few plots will be kept for organizing community level livestock raising in a large shed.

6.4 Resettlement Site Selection and Development

6.4.1 Participation and Site Development 144. Resettlement site (RS) selection preceded extensive community consultations in Mawa and Janjira. All 4 sites were identified and selected in keeping with the principle of minimization of further displacement due to site development. Further, the issues of proximity, social networks, and employment opportunities have also been considered while selecting these sites. The displaced

41 There have been changes in the Project design. The design adopted for northern bank (Mawa) will now be 4 kms in length. As a result, Relocation Site 1 may not be necessary after the reduced RTW length bringing down the number of Relocation Site from five to four. However, RTW is based on the PPTA data and this RAP contains reference to 5 Resettlement Sites. 49 households will be given the choice to choose the nearest site to maintain their current social ties and networks.

Table 6.3 Potential Relocation of APs at Resettlement Sites

River Resettlement Location of Displaced Households and Likely Migration of RAP- side Sites Businesses III APs Mawa RS-2: Jashaldia Kabutarkhola, Jasaldia, Kandipara and Affected households and Medini Mandol (partial) businesses from the RTW affected areas

RS-3: Medini Mandol, Kumarbog and Affected households and Kumarbhog Construction Site businesses from the approach road and RTW

Janjira RS-4 West Kathalbari, Charchandra, Baghia, Affected households and Nawdoba Kutubpur, West Nawdoba, Diara businesses from the RTW Nawdova, Nawdova, Korali, Painpara affected areas

RS-5 Panch Char, Char Roghunathpur, Affected households and Bakhorkandi Bakhorerkandi, Kathalbari, Char Janajat, businesses from the RTW Baghia, Boro Keshobpur, Kutubpur affected areas

145. Site-specific plans for the four sites have been revised and finalized, based on consultations with the affected households and communities. In all, the four sites have provisions for 1,944 housing plots and 80 commercial plots for shops and small businesses.. 146. The layout and design of the sites has already been disclosed to the affected communities through community consultation meetings for their inputs. The sites are currently in the process of development and expected to be ready by Sept 2010 for relocation of the displaced households. All civic amenities – for example, access road, power, water, drainage etc. – would be provided prior to moving people to these sites. The physical cultural resources like school, mosque/temple, community centers will also be built in each of the five sites. A sample layout and design of the Resettlement site is illustrated in Figure 6.1 below. 50

Figure 6.1 Sample layout and design of the Resettlement site

6.4.2 Plot Sizes and Allocation 147. Three categories of plot sizes namely – A. 2.5 dec; B. 5.0 dec, and C. 7.5 dec – have been designed. Broad principle has been established (as detailed in Table 6.4 below) for allotment of the same, which will be further refined during implementation:

Table 6.4: Principle for Allotment of Household plots Category Plot Principle for Allotment Size This category is for landless, squatters, and uthulis displaced by the Category A 2.5 project ROW. decimal APs receiving allotments of 2.5 decimal size plots will receive it free of cost. They will only bear the cost of registration. The registration of the plot will be in the joint names of the husband and wife or only women in case of female headed households. On divorce/separation/death of husband the ownership will automatically be vested to the wife. Affected households losing their homestead and structures due to land Category B 5.0 acquisition for the project will be entitled to 5.0 decimal plots. decimal They will pay a modest price for the plot and bear the registration cost. They will bear full cost of stamp duty and registration fee admissible under the compensation package for the registration of the plots.

Affected households losing large homestead land (20 dec or more) or Category C 7.5 have two or more married sons living with the head of households will be decimal entitled for getting 7.5 decimal land under the same conditions explained in B herein above.

Affected households losing businesses (poor and vulnerable) will be Commercial 345 provided with commercial plots of 345 sqm to build shops on their own in Plots sqm the resettlement sites. 51

148. Each of the affected households will be allowed to build their own house rather than be supplied with pre-built shelter. Each plot will be marked and developed by BBA for handing over and re-construction. A system of lottery will be used in presence of the resettlers for distribution of plots under each category to avoid and favor or dispute. Table 6.5 presents distribution of plots by size and site to be available once the site development is complete.

Table 6.5 Plot Size Distribution by Site and Category

Residential Plots (No.) Commercial Plots Resettlement Sites Category A Category B Category C (No.) for Shops Total (No.) Total 101.06 Sq m 202.31 Sq m 303.42 Sq m 15 Sq m RS-II 274 24 76 374 20 394 RS-III 406 92 14 512 20 532 RS-IV 377 17 135 529 20 549 RS-V 377 17 135 529 20 549 Total 1434 150 360 1944 80 2024 Source: DDC, PMBP, Layout Plans of Resettlement Sites, 20 January 2010 149. Affected businesses will get commercial plots in the nearest resettlement sites to re-establish their businesses. Since the sites are located nearby, they may not lose their business or clients significantly. Further, the RS will have several hundred families who will further act as their “captive” customers. Like the homestead losers, no business loser will be allowed to have more than one plot irrespective of quantum of loss. 150. RS, there are provisions for open spaces that may be used by floating/temporary traderscelebration .

6.5 Host Community Facilities 151. The resettlement strategies in this project preclude any resettlers-hosts conflict since the households will largely remain within the same general area of the existing villages and thus will continue to maintain their pre-project social ties and networks. RAP III will provide infrastructure facilities to enhance the carrying capacity of the host villages where more than 25 families will resettle in small-groups. It is expected that these facilities will help strengthen the mutual relation with the host villagers and resettlers. Therefore, no conflict or tension between the host village and resettlers is anticipated. The requirements of the host villages to enhance the carrying capacity will be identified by the RU and implementing NGO in consultation with the communities and the RAC at the time of implementation. If necessary, BBA and implementing NGO will conduct meetings with host communities in post-resettlement period to establish a congenial atmosphere amongst them.

6.6 Gender Planning and other vulnerable groups 152. Gender and vulnerability are particular issues in instances of development-induced displacements. Women are particularly impacted due to land acquisition in the project due to their low level of awareness, lack of access to information, and low levels of training and education. Displacement from housing and dislocation in livelihood resources may put additional burden on them. There is hence potential risk of women being deprived of their due share of compensation to parental land being acquired under the project. There is also possibility of reduced access by women to replaced assets and regenerated livelihood resources. 153. In consideration of the above context, the policy framework adopted in this RAP specifies that vulnerable groups will enjoy special attention in planning and implementation of the RAP. Vulnerable groups are those likely to be particularly disadvantaged as a consequence of acquisition and resettlement, more prominently poor female-headed households, disabled headed households and those households under the absolute poverty line. RAP III has special provisions for the project 52 affected women and vulnerable groups to meet their needs and support their means of subsistence: for example, (i) provision for additional shifting allowance for female headed households; (ii) income and livelihood restoration allowance for loss of income or employment; and (iii) roadside tree plantation as an alternative income generating program. 154. Women interest will be further safeguarded in allocation of resettlement site plots (residential and commercial), identification of affected persons in jointly owned plots and payment of resettlement cash entitlements. A Gender Action Plan has also been prepared for safeguarding the interest of the women in the resettlement process42.

6.7 Physical Cultural Resources 155. As per Table 3.7, there are 63 PCRs in RTW right of way. The feasibility study used PCRs more as a common property resource and included many privately owned structures – for example grave on homestead or a temporary mosque on private land – as being common property resources. Many of these, however, do not qualify the “test” of PCR as per the WB OP4.11, which defines PCRs “as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, relious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance” (para 1). 156. Following the above definition, a PCR inventory on RTW right of way will be prepared during the census survey to update the database for RAP-III by section prior to project construction work. The updated RAP by section will provide (i) a full list of affected PCRs, (ii) provide adequate description of each; and (iii) define the screening procedures for the final list (as done in the case of RAP III) Any community property, which is registered as common property such as Jamey Mosque, registered schools and similar institutions will be considered in the revised list. All identified PCRs under RAP-III will be rebuilt at project cost, in consultation with the APs and the affected communities. Affected PCRs will be rebuilt at alternative sites selected by the community or at the resettlement sites, where they relocate (or most of the APs relocate). Compensation for land and structure and additional assistance from BBA will provide to obtain an alternative site and for construction of the PCR structure. BBA will also provide necessary access roads to these facilities. While INGO will facilitate the process, BBA will coordinate site selection, design and estimate, site development and reconstruction. 157. Authorized representative of the PCRs, preferably the head of the management committees will be directly involved in the process in formal agreement with the community members. The compensation will be used for procurement of land at selected site and the construction will be undertaken by BBA by means of deployment of construction contractors through competitive bidding or through the community. The community members under the leadership of the head of management committee will supervise the construction of the PCRs with assistance from the BBA field engineers. Special attention will be given to selecting the re-construction area of PCRs so as to serve both the affected community as well as those resettling in the RS, as far as possible. 158. An assessment of host area needs shall also be undertaken through the relocation needs assessment survey at selected locations. As mentioned in the previous sections, the resettlement sites will be provided with community facilities such as school, clinics community halls, play grounds, ponds, inner roads, drainage, electricity and water supply facilities with the development of the sites. For developing the interior road, drainage and plantation at the resettlement site, JMBP RS plan will be followed. Construction of all these community facilities shall be completed prior to the commencement of work on the RoW.

42 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Gender Action Plan, October 2009 53

6.8 CEMP and Public Health Action Plan 159. A Community Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)43 has been prepared taking into account the community inputs with regard to environment management and enhancement in the resettlement sites. Specific recommendations of the Public Health Action Plan44 will be implemented for both the resettlers and residents of project area. However, relocated families in the resettlement sites will be facilitated for good sanitation and drainage, and encouraged to use improved cook stove (ICS) for less consumption of fuel and less emission of carbon.

43 CEMP, Padma Bridge, 13th October 2009 44 Public Heath Action Plan, 28th October, 2009 54

CHAPTER 7

INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PROGRAM (ILRP)

160. Change in land-use pattern, as a result of infrastructure development projects, often leads to adverse impacts on the assets and livelihood resources of the project affected communities. Restoration of income of those affected to pre-project level is thus one of the most important tasks in resettlement management.

161. The RAP has provisions for alternative income generating/skill development and other enabling strategies through which APs can either continue their previous occupation or can start new venture or undertake an alternative occupation. The basic objective behind the income and livelihood restoration activities and schemes is to restore the economic status of the affected persons enjoyed prior to the project, which also complies with the co-financiers safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement.

7.1 Impacts on Income 162. Affected persons will experience loss of livelihood sources mainly due to loss of shops/commercial enterprises and agricultural fields. In addition, wage earners such as employees in shops and businesses and those working on the affected agriculture fields will also incur impact on their income and thus have also been included in this income and livelihood restoration plan. A total of 3077 such households will experience direct and indirect impact on their income (See Table 7.1).

Table 7.1: Types of Income impacts on Affected Households Type of loss No. of Affected HHs Losing more than 10% of income due to land acquisition 2839 Loss by dislocation of house and commercial establishment 3402 Loss of wages and employment 1777 Grand Total 8018 AHs Source: BBA/BCL Resettlement Action Plan, June 2006 and ADB PPTA data 2007

7.2 Approach towards Income and Livelihood Restoration 163. The main objective of income and livelihood restoration program is to improve or, at least restore, the livelihood of all displaced person. The Plan recognizes diminishing income and dislocation of livelihoods during and after relocation. As a result, in addition to providing compensation and resettlement benefits, appropriate support measures have been included for income and livelihood restoration of those affected. The project will adopt two-fold approach for ILRP. To begin with there will be short-term livelihood restoration followed by a long term input.

164. RAP-III also recognizes the time needed for social absorption of the affected population in the new social and economic settings (of the RS). In keeping with the same, income and livelihood restoration efforts will be extended to those affected in form of both short-term support and long-term program to achieve sustainable livelihood for affected households. Table 7.2 provides details of various activities being anticipated which will help Affected HH to either improve or atleast restore their livelihood. 55

Table 7.2: Details of Anticipated Income & Livelihood Restoration Options for Affected Households

Income Restoration Options for the Affected Income & Livelihood Restoration Households Options In No. In %age Tenant Farming/Cash crop cultivation 1,600 20 Fish Cultivation 800 10 Fishing 400 5 Boat Operation (engine boat by groups) 160 2 Nakshi 1,580 20 Internet Café (at service area) 80 1 Poultry/Cattle Raising 398 5 Horticulture/vegetable cultivation 400 5 Skill based occupation 1,400 17 Entrepreneurship 1,200 15 Total 8,018 100 Source: ADB PPTA 2006 and BIDS Census Survey 2009 (adjoining area)

165. The feasibility of the above options was verified through various studies conducted during ADB PPTA 2006 and most recent survey undertaken by BIDS in 2009. The survey’s brought forth that the above options are quite viable as necessary skills exists amongst the affected HH to undertake these activities as well as there is assured market exist for the same. However, during implementation detailed business plans will be made for each activity to further establish its viability and sustainability.

7.2.1 Short-term Income and Livelihood Restoration Measures 166. All the persons losing their livelihood resources or places of generating income as a result of the Project will be supported with short-term income and livelihood restoration assistance for subsistence during the transitional period.

167. These short-term income and livelihood restoration measures will be for immediate assistance and include the following measures:

 Compensation for land and other lost assets is paid in full prior to relocation.  Temporary or short-term employment in construction activities at the resettlement or project construction sites; and  Special assistance, appropriate to vulnerable groups such as women, the aged and the disabled.

168. In addition to the above, the RAP will provide the following short-term assistance for income and livelihood restoration:

A. Cash Assistance to Support Lost Income

169. PAPs, including those experiencing indirect impacts, will be eligible for assistance for loss of employment/workdays (wage earners) owing to dislocation and relocation. One-time cash grant for a certain number of days will be paid to all such eligible PAPs. It is expected that the PAPs would be able to recover their losses and/or find alternative employment within this period. Following are the specific measures in the form of entitlements of APs to support their lost income:

Z Affected unskilled farm labourers will get a sum of BDT 19,800 calculated for 90 days wage at the rate of BDT 220 per person per day. 56

Z Affected unskilled non-farm labourers will get a sum of BDT 13,200 calculated for 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 220 per person per day.

Z Affected skilled non-farm labourers will get a sum of BDT 18,000 calculated for 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 300 per person per day.

Z Owners of residential and commercial premises will be entitled for an additional one-time dislocation allowance of BDT 4,000 per owner for loss of rental income from structures.

Z Persons losing more than 10% of his/her income due to acquisition of agricultural land will be entitled for a one time dislocation allowance of BDT 4,000 per person.

B. Assistance to re-establish business/enterprises

170. All owners of affected businesses will receive cash compensation and cash grant for loss of business premises plus shifting or moving allowance. This assistance is intended to help them re- establish their enterprises in new locations. All PAPs are likely to continue their previous occupations and commercial activities in new relocated site. . In addition, commercial plots will be allotted to the some of the intending business-losers in project sponsored resettlement sites on lease basis to re- establish affected businesses. However, those APs requiring change of profession will be given skill training and assistance to establish new business or get absorbed in new trade. Project assistance to re-establish business/enterprises in the short-term are the following:

Z Replacement value of structure at current market price at the time of dispossession along with the salvaged structure materials.

Z One time cash grant @ BDT 10 per sft of structures for titled owners and @ BDT 7 per sft of structures for non-titled owners for shifting the salvaged structure materials to new alternatibe locations.

Z One time cash grant @ BDT 15 per sft of structures for titled owners and @ BDT 10 per sft of structures for non-titled owners for reconstruction of structures at new alternatibe locations.

Z One time cash grant to each business proprioter in owned structure for loss of business @ 5% of the compensation for structure received from DC.

Z One time moving assistance of BDT 5,000 for each proprietor of business in rented in structures.

C. Special Assistance for Vulnerable Groups

171. Both the co-financier safeguard policies and good resettlement practices in Bangladesh stress on the need for special attention to vulnerable groups (female-headed, elderly-headed, disabled-heaeded and poor households) during implementation of resettlement program so that resettlement acts as an opportunity which enables improvement of their socio-economic status. Since vulnerable groups are at risk of becoming particularly disadvantaged as a consequence of involuntary resettlement, special assistance would be provided to them to assist in their rehabilitation.

172. One time special assistance of BDT 5,000 for each vulnerable household affected by the project.

173. Landless vulnerable households will be offered one residential plot each in the project designated resettlement sites free of cost.

D. Employment during Project Construction 57

174. The Project construction activities will require many unskilled laborers and skilled staff for earthwork in embankment and construction of bridge, approach road, offices and management work for a period of about 3 years. BBA will make provision in the contract with the contractors for employment of qualified APs and their dependents in the recruitment of local labor, including affected women. Employment in the project construction will act as an added source of income in the income and livelihood restoration processes of APs.

175. The ILRP implementing NGO will prepare a list of all capable women workers (from amongst the affected households) and provide the same to local contractors through BBA. The supervision/ management consultants shall also monitor this through monthly statements of number of labor employed from the affected people. 176. Local people whose livelihood is impacted by the project will get preference in jobs associated with the project construction. The jobs, in the semi-skilled and unskilled category, shall be offered to the APs on a preferential basis. E. Roadside Plantation and Social Forestry

177. Huge plantation work will be required to develop the resettlement sites, approach roadsids, interior road, guide bund aprons, service areas and other facilities of the bridge infrastructure. These are the tested areas for employment of the rural destitute women by NGOs and the DOF of the government. Affected women, who are particularly vulnerable, will be employed to these jobs.

178. BBA, with the help of NGOs, will organize plantation programs by engaging affected women and other vulnerable groups from the local poor of human resources prefereably the affected population. Selection of tree species, design, plan, and other technical support (for example, training) for roadside plantation will be as per Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Community Enviromental Management Plan (CEMP) involving BBA and other appropriate agencies, including Departments of Forestry/Environment of GoB.

7.2.2 Long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan 179. Long-term income & livelihood restoration plan (ILRP) for post-relocation activities will be designed and implemented over a period of 10 years. This is a post relocation intervention for sustainable livelihood program. Under the guidance of a national level NGO, local NGOs will be involved for fostering the ILRP activities among the deserving project affected persons. The ILRP will be designed through identification of target group beneficiaries (TGBs) and assessing the needs and feasibility of potential income generating activities.

180. The long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan will be developed for the following categories of project-affected people, eligible as Target Group Beneficiaries (TGBs):

1) Eligible members45 of poor46 and other vulnerable (women and disabled person headed) households to be relocated as a result of Project construction; 2) Poor households or the employees and daily wage earners of the diminished businesses or their nominated representatives; 3) Poor households losing access to agriculture land including sharecropper, and leaseholders; 4) Poor households losing access to commercial land including business proprietorship; 5) Poor households losing more than 10% of their regular income due to acquisition and execution of the project; 6) Women entrepreneurs and their association to be organized to establish cottage-type activity and marketing network for the rural products.

45 Male or female household members between ages 18 to 45 years will be eligible for special assistance under income and livelihood restoration program. 46 Households having income below the national property line (BDT 4800 per household per month) in Bangladesh as on 2006 (estimate by consultant). 58

181. In order to ensure smooth implementation of the long-term livelihood restoration plan, a Social Development Fund (SDF) will be created by the Project. Allocation for the same has already been included in the RAP II budget. The SDF will be used for extending the following support to the affected households:

 Working Capital  Capacity building support and human resource cost required implementing the program.  Business development services  Market Linkages  Skill development  Women entrepreneurs  Collective Enterprises  Farm based inputs and extension services.

7.3 Needs Assessment and Feasibility Study for viable income and livelihood restoration options 182. Sustainability of income and livelihood restoration activities depends on local resources, skills, needs and market opportunities. To enable viable livelihood activities, a detailed in-depth Baseline & Needs Assessment Study was conducted for identification of resources and/or opportunities available, present level of occupation, income generation activities, pattern of trading, small business, and other employment opportunities, needs and aspirations of the affected person.

183. The main objective of this study was to:

 Analyze the economic activities of all PAPs (by gender, age group, education, skills, income, household size, preference, options) so as to assess their needs primarily from census data  Identify multiple income and livelihood restoration programs (both individual and group specific) through beneficiary consultation, market and financial feasibility analysis.  Explore product-marketing opportunities within and outside the affected area.

184. The study made a detailed inventory of all possible options and skills available or which can be developed for income and livelihood restoration. These options and skills are detailed below:

 Agriculture Development Program: Land acquisition for the project will reduce the farm size of the affected households in the project affected area as replacement land will be scarce. It is further evident from BIDS survey that the displaced persons particularly the affected households losing agricultural land in the south bank (Janjira site) will opt to retain their current occupation in agriculture. However, to cover the gap in agriculture production, the farmers will have to increase productivity to restore the level of income. Diversification of high-value horticultureal and agricultural crops, improved varieties and better marketing may facilitate them increase production. An agriculture development program will, therefore, be worked out to integrate interested affected persons with improved farming and enhanced production. Under the program, a number of agricultural extension workers in close cooperation with the Department of Agriculture Extension will be placed to guide and assist the farmers. The farmers will be provided with agriculture inputs (quality seed, fertilizer, and the like), technology support (soil testing and fertilization planning, crop selection, etc.) and finally short-term credit. Farmers will be trained how to increase their farm incomes through the organization of farmers and demonstration farming

 Cage Culture and Floating Pond: Padma River at the bridge-end points holds sufficient perennial flow with its adjoining channels and tributaries holding water round the year. This water can be used for fish culture using cage and floating pond by the TGBs without any restriction from any corner (government or private). The target people can catch fish (if not cultivate) as a source of income and livelihood resource. This income activity is widely practiced by the people along the river bank and has been reported very profitable. 59

 Nakshi (design in stitches): There is a growing trend of utilizing low cost women labour available in the village in producing handicraft items. Private entrepreneurs, with adequate skills in designing, color processing and marketing locally and internationally, are effectively tapping this manpower. Women and girls can earn on average BDT 1500-3000/head/month even along with tending to the domestic chores. The women in the affected households will be organized by providing them with adequate training, technology, marketing facility, financial and organizational support.

 River Based Activities: The project sites, especially at the bridge endpoints, there are landing stations for river vessels and country boats in addition to the ferry operations. There are also commercial activities especially the fish market at Mawa. When the bridge will be constructed, it is expected that the channel along the guide-bund will remain open perennially at both banks of the river, which opens up the following opportunities for the affected communities:

a. Possibility of developing landing stations for boats and inland vessels using the harbor to be used for transportation of construction materials and equipments. b. These can also be used for river cruising using small traditional and speedboats c. Establishing small shops and restaurant along the bank d. Attract tourists and generate employment for anybody interested to do it.

 Occupational Skill Training: Effective occupational rehabilitation of the APs largely depends upon the trainings they and their family members have received over the past years. The surveys undertaken in adjoining areas of the RTW right of way (BIDS survey) brought forth that about 25% of the affected persons have undergone training in the past on occupational skills. Trainings received by the PAPs and their family members encompass a wide array of subjects/areas including cattle/goat rearing, poultry raising, beef fattening, driving, primary and other health care, plastic goods manufacturing, banana cultivation, radio/TV repairing, tailoring, sewing/embroidery, Ansar, Village (rural) doctor, family planning, car repairing, fish cultivation, workshop mechanic and carpentry. Most important among them are tailoring (21.2%), poultry (20.2%), Sewing/embroidery (14.1%) driving (12.6%), cattle/goat rearing (7.1%) and radio/TV repairing (6.1%).

Such households would be provided with credit support, through MFIs, for setting up their own small enterprises.

 Tourism development: The project has designed a tourism development site in Janjira with a viewing tower and all tourist amenities on sites to attract national and international visitors to the bridge site. The construction of bridge will provide enormous opportunities for local boat operators for tourism as source of income. Indeed currently the boat operators, particularly the speedboat operators are conduct tourist operations during weekend in the project area. This will be enhanced as an income source for the local affected person willing to undertake this as livelihood restoration program. The scope of tourism will include rips to local chars up and down stream of bridge site which provides a fascinating view of the flood plain and river system.

185. In addition to above measures, the GOB is also seriously considering a proposal for comprehensive development of the southwest region. This Master Development Plan includes development of new industries, businesses and urban settlement and is anticipated to create several new opportunities for the affected persons and the local community at large. The construction of the bridge will provide an impetus to the various economic initiatives.

7.4 Institutional Arrangement for ILRP 186. BBA will be responsible for implementation of the ILRP through Resettlement Unit (RU) field offices. The Superintending Engineer in charge of the RU at HQs will coordinate the entire process. Figure 7.1 below give details of the institutional arrangements for ILRP. 60

Figure 7.1: Institutional Arrangement for Income and Livelihood Restoration Program

Executive Director, BBA

PD, PMBP CSC

SE, RU-HQ EMA

INGO, RAP RU-Field, BBA CNGO - ILRP

Local NGOs, ILRP

187. A Coordinating NGO (CNGO) selected from willing national NGOs (TORs attached), as Annex III with sufficient experience in poverty reduction activities and linkages with micro-finance institutions (MFI) will be employed to coordinate the ILRP in the Project. The CNGO will identify local level NGOs having long presence in the area and skills to implement the ILRP. The CNGO will guide and build the capacity of local NGOs for effective implementation. The entire focus will “result based” and on achievement of results. Mere completion of activities shall not be considered as the indicator of success. CNGO will also establish linkages with MFI and vocational training institutions, to extend all possible business development services and inputs to the affected persons. After completion of income and livelihood restoration program, the local NGOs will support the local communities for capacity building ensuring sustainability of the various programs.

188. The Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will assist BBA in supervising and monitoring the activities of the CNGO and the NGOs at the field level. The External monitor will monitor the overall implementation approach, process and outcome of the ILRP. In addition, difficulties experienced by the CNGO & NGO in program implementation as well as the lapses in notifying the BBA for taking corrective measures on time shall also be monitored and looked into. 61

CHAPTER 8

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR RAP III IMPLEMENTATION

8.1 Introduction 189. Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA)47 under the Bridge Division of the Ministry of Communications (MOC) is representing the Government of Bangladesh as the Executing Agency (EA) of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP). BBA is responsible for undertaking all studies, design, and construction of this Bridge. It will also be responsible for operation and maintenance (O&M) of the bridge after its opening. BBA is mandated to undertake steps, as per guidelines of the MOC and advice of the Government, to secure required funds both from external and internal sources for the implementation of the Project. The WB, the ADB, the JICA and the IDB have agreed to co-finance the Project along with the Government of Bangladesh (GoB).

190. A detail design consultant (DDC) is assisting BBA in scheme design, detail-engineering design on the approved scheme design and safeguard plans. DDC is also preparing procurement documents to employ construction supervision consultant, civil works contractor, NGOs and other agencies to assist BBA. The Deputy Commissioners (DCs) of Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur have been assisting BBA in acquiring land.

191. In addition to engineering construction contractors, BBA will also engage NGOs and agencies for implementation of safeguard plans including EMP, RAP, GAP, PHAP and CMP as well as monitoring and evaluation of these plans. The NGO for implementation of all the three RAPs has already been engaged by BBA.

8.2 Institutional Framework for RAP III 192. Project Management Office (PMO), headed by a Project Director (PD), has already been set up within BBA for execution of the PMBP. A Resettlement Unit (RU) has been established within this PMO, which is responsible for implementation of the RAPs48 – compensation disbursement and resettlement of the project affected peoples (PAPs) including livelihood restoration, public health security, and gender equity management in the process of construction of the bridge and resettlement of PAPs. The RU is headed by a Superintending Engineer (Additional Director – Resettlement) and has field offices at both Mawa and Janjira headed by an Executive Engineer (Deputy Director – Resettlement) each. An Executive Engineer has also been put in place for Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the implementation of the Safeguard Plans as the Deputy Director – M&E (Figure 8.1).

193. BBA is taking assistance from DCs of Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts for acquisition of land for the Project. Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) has been engaged for computerization of land acquisition data with GPS reference. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) has been engaged for necessary surveys and verifications for preparation of RAPs. An experienced NGO (Christian Commission for Development in Bangladesh) has already been mobilised for implementation of the three RAPs at the field level.

47 Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) (formerly Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority) was created by Ordinance No XXXIV of 1985 on 4 July, 1985. The objective of Ordinance was to construct a Multipurpose Bridge over the mighty River, Jamuna. It was further amended in November 23, 1998 (Act. XXI of 1998)]. In order to keep consistency of it’s works the government has changed it’s name as Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA). 48 RAP-I for the 5 Resettlement Sites, RAP-II for main bridge and approach road areas and RAP-III for RTW affected area. 62

194. Services of national and local level experienced NGOs will also be utilized by BBA in design and implementation of a livelihood and income and livelihood restoration plan within the framework of three RAPs (as outlined in Chapter 7). Public health safeguards will be ensured through implementation of the public health action plan (PHAP)49 and gender issues will be addressed through implementation of the gender action plan (GAP)50.

195. Specialized NGOs will be employed for implementation of the ILRP, PHAP and GAP while the RAP implementing NGO, the DDC/CSC and the Construction Contractors will cooperate in respective areas for effective implementation of the said plans. In the Resettlements Sites, special arrangement will be made by BBA to operate the schools and health centers. Experienced NGOs with necessary skills and resources will be engaged to operate these services.

196. BBA is in the process of establishing a Safeguard Division with separate environmental and resettlement units. The Safeguard Division will be permanent and part of BBA administration in post- construction period. The institutional study has recommended a “reformed” BBA with a new organogram51. An action plan for setting up the permanent Safeguard Division within BBA has been recommended in the Institutional Study. The recruitment of new staff/consultants is being done in accordance with the plan. Three Senior Resettlement Specialists will be recruited with BBA for five years. Figure 8.1 Project Management Organizations in BBA

Executive Director

Safeguard Project Engineering Administrative Planning, Finance and Department Management Department Department Programming & Accounting Office -PMBP Monitoring

Acct. & Audit Roads & Bldg. & Other Budget Bridges RTW Works

Admin. Protocol Security Estate

Permanent Unit Environmental Resettlement Roads and RTW Unit Unit Bridge

Project Specific Unit

49 PMBP, Public Health Component Preliminary Action Plan, 28 October 2009 50 PMBP, Gender Action Plan, 26 October 2009 51 Padma Bridge Project - Institutional Strengthening Study, December 2009.. 63

8.3 Roles and Responsibilities 8.3.1 Role of the Executive Director 197. The Executive Director (ED) – BBA has the overall responsibility of the Project and is responsible for following:

% Overall implementation of the resettlement program as per the RAP and the agreements signed with the Co-financiers.

% Effecting necessary policy, administrative and financial decisions and actions, necessary for the successful implementation of the RAP, as per GOB decisions.

% Timely release of necessary funds to the Resettlement Unit for implementation of the resettlement program, as per the approved implementation schedule.

% Delegating responsibility and powers to the Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), as required, for smooth implementation of the RAP. 8.3.2 Role of the Project Director

198. The Project Director (PD) is the chief executive of PMO - PMBP. The PD is responsible for necessary policy, administrative and financial decisions and actions for effective and timely implementation of the Project as per the approved policy and implementation arrangements. PD may delegate his/her power through the Superintending Engineer (Additional Director – Resettlement), heading RU for overall management & implementation of the Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), Gender Action Plan (GAP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP) and Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP). Figure 8.2 RU Organization Structure Project Director PMBP

Safeguard Manager Superintendent Engineer (Staff Consultant) Head, Resettlement Unit

Sr Resettlement Exec Engr DD, LA Exec Engr Specialist (3) Mawa DD, M&E Janjira

Computer Asstt. Engr (2) AD, M&E Asstt. Engr (2) Programmer

Sub- Sub- Kanungo Accountant Kanungo Accountant Asst.Engr AsstEngr (2) (2)

Data Entry Computer Data Entry Operator Operator Operator

Support Staff Support Staff Support Staff 64

8.3.3 Role of Resettlement Unit (RU) 199. BBA-RU will be stationed at the BBA headquarter in Dhaka. A total of three field offices will be opened – one each in Mawa and two in Janjira with respective desks to handle cases of Janjira and Shibchar thanas separately. The main task of the Resettlement Unit, under the SE-Resettlement, shall comprise of the following:

200. Overall planning, management and monitoring of the Land Acquisition Plan (LAP), Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), Gender Action Plan (GAP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP) and Income and livelihood Restoration Program (ILRP).

201. Synchronization of resettlement activities with the construction schedule of the Project;

202. With the help of consultant/INGO design and set up necessary computer and software facilities necessary for preparation of ID cards, automated loss, entitlement and payment files of individual EPs so as to effectively monitor and evaluate RAP implementation;

203. Ensure that all eligible persons are identified, provided with their respective entitlements (as per to the resettlement policy/package) and are relocated/resettled as per the implementation schedule, in time, with minimum hardships;

204. Liaise with the DCs’ offices for the timely acquisition of land required for Padma Multipurpose Bridge and payment of compensation and ensure that these activities are completed as per the planned schedule;

205. Ensure that all PAPs are informed about their entitlements and provided with ID cards as a proof of their eligibility to resettlement benefits;

206. Form Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and ensure their smooth functioning, including disposal of grievances;

207. Monitor the effectiveness of entitlement packages and delivery mechanism and, if necessary, propose modifications to BBA management;

208. Prepare Terms of Reference (ToR) for Resettlement Implementing NGOs/Agency (INGO) and other agencies that are to execute specific components of resettlement implementation on behalf of the BBA – RU

209. Select and appoint such agencies to implement and monitor progress and take remedial action against slippages.

210. Prepare monthly and quarterly progress reports for BBA Management as well as the Co- financiers;

211. Prepare Terms of Reference (ToR) for a “Post Resettlement Survey” as well as select and appoint appropriate agency to execute these survey(s).

212. Propose to BBA any remedial action needed, based on the Post Resettlement Survey results,

213. Payment of additional grant for replacement land purchase, house/business reconstruction grant, and dismantling and removal assistance and all other assistances in cash or kind, as stipulated under the resettlement policy, to all the eligible PAPs;

214. Develop the proposed resettlement sites for housing and businesses in Mawa and Janjira sides with civic amenities and services (in line with Jamuna Model); 65

215. Devise procedures for allotment of housing and commercial plots through SE Resettlement /EE Resettlement/Deputy Directors, Consultants and INGO;

216. Propose establishment of PVAC to determine realistic replacement costs of Land, Structure, Trees and crops and accordingly recommend prices/rates for all types of losses incurred by the PAPs;

217. Update, if required, the Land Market Survey to determine the replacement cost of land in and around the project area and accordingly recommend Maximum Allowable Replacement Value (MARV) for replacement land;

218. Identify and plan resettlement measures for EPs who have already vacated their lands;

219. Co-ordinate with related agencies regarding possible adverse impact on population as a result of changed river regime and where necessary assist BBA to design and carry out mitigation measures;

220. Arrange afforestation programs on BBA surplus land, resettlement sites, road sides and embankments and in host areas, with the help of Forest Department and / or NGOs, involving poor & vulnerable PAPs;

221. Negotiate with Contractors for providing preferential employment to PAPs in the construction activities;

222. Prepare area development programs including expansion of community facilities like education, sanitation, health, drinking water supply etc. in the RS and host villages in consultation with host population

223. Study and monitor unforeseen adverse effects during and after construction and take necessary mitigation measures;

224. Liaise with other government and non government agencies in the country, on matters of mutual interest, related to resettlement.

8.3.4 RU – Role of the SE (Resettlement) 225. The SE (Resettlement) will be the head of the RU in BBA and will work under the overall guidance and supervision of the Project Director/Executive Director. The SE – Resettlement will be directly responsible for executing all tasks assigned to the RU and any other tasks assigned to him/her by the Executive Director/PD from time to time. The SE-Resettlement will be assisted by three Deputy Directors and four/six Assistant Engineer for HQ and field level management of the resettlement operations.

226. The SE-Resettlement, as the head of the resettlement unit, will be responsible for:

 Preparation of job descriptions of Deputy Directors/Assistant Directors (HQ and Field), delegate tasks, responsibilities and powers to them, and supervise and monitor their work;

 Plan, organize and manage the implementation of Land Acquisition Plan (LAP), Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Gender Action Plan (GAP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP) and Income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) in consultation with other participating agencies and in accordance with the agreed time schedule.

 In consultation with the Executive Director and the GoB carry out negotiations and deploy NGOs and other participating agencies, contract specific tasks and activities with them and ensure that these agencies carry out and complete activities as per the agreement with BBA and within the agreed time schedule; 66

 In consultation with the Executive Director and GoB, negotiate and finalize contract with banks, financing and micro-financing institutions, operational modalities of credit schemes, implement that as part of the resettlement program and ensure that such arrangements and agreements are working;

 Identify and bring to the notice of the Executive Director – any policy, administrative or financial actions that are necessary at the government level for smooth implementation of RAP;

 Ensure that the funds necessary for carrying out resettlement activities in the field are released to field officers, INGO and other agencies (as assigned with resettlement tasks) on time and such activities are carried out without any administrative hindrances;

 Closely monitor the implementation of LAP, GAP, PHAP, PCPP and ILRP and propose modification/improvement to BBA and to the Co-financiers, as necessary;

 Submit comprehensive periodic progress reports to BBA Management and through them to GOB and the Co-financiers.

 The SE-RU will also have full administrative and financial powers to manage the resettlement program in all matters including the following:

(i) appointment of work-charged staff, up to certain levels, with prior sanction of the post. (In case of recruitment, promotion, transfer and disciplinary action against staff, normal rules of the government will be followed);

(ii) administrative control of all officers and staffs of the RU, and

(iii) will exercise the full financial powers in following matters related to resettlement project/Unit, subject to availability of fund and with PCP/PP provision the SE-RU:

a. Regarding finalization of tenders of resettlement project, the PD will form tender evaluation committee (s) in line with the GoB procurement policy and process the selection and award.

b. All kinds of bills related to the resettlement program will be finalized and approved by the SE-RU and payments will be made through cash/check by RU Accounts section. The Resettlement Project Accounts section will assist SE-RU in the process of finalization and approval of these bills. For reconciliation of accounts, a quarterly meeting will be held with Resettlement Accounts section and BBA Accounts Dept. the same will also be audited annually.

c. Salary and allowance of officers and staffs either deputed or recruited in RU will be prepared and passed by SE-RU.

8.3.5 Role of Executive Engineer - Resettlement

227. Executive Engineers will be the field level-implementing officers of the Resettlement Unit responsible for field level coordination of the resettlement operation in Mawa and Janjira. The RU-field Offices will be located at Mawa and Janjira and shall have the responsibility for the overall implementation of all field level operation related to resettlement. 67

228. The key functions of the Executive Engineer at the field office level would comprise of the following:

o Issuance of ID Cards to all eligible persons (EP);

o Provide necessary assistance for purchase of replacement land;

o Ensure that all EPs are relocated on time and are provided with the Transfer Grant in cash and or in kind;

o Identify eligible E\Ps who need to be allotted plots at resettlement sites and Commercial areas;

o Organize grievance redress committee meetings;

o In consultation with DC and local leaders, organize meetings in host area villages to persuade and encourage the host population to provide replacement lands and settlement sites to PAPs;

o Sanction and provide various cash grants planned under the RAP to entitled persons and ensure that these grants are made available as per the system defined in the RAP;

o Selection of homestead losing EPs for temporary settlement on "KHAS LAND" or surplus land (only in addition to their other entitlement);

o Provide hard copies of draft and final EP file, EC and Payment Statement to respective EPs

o Liaise with the NGOs for the effective implementation of information campaign, vocational training, income and livelihood restoration and other activities delegated to them.

o Maintain close contact with HQ and submit monthly/quarterly progress report on Resettlement implementation

o Supervision of civic amenities at RS sites;

o Effective management of site offices and timely implementation of the directives.

o Develop a system of verification of all land transactions and ensure that the revenue officer follows the prescribed process in case of each transaction.

8.3.6 Role of Deputy Director – M&E 229. Deputy Director – Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) will be responsible to maintain the database of the entire resettlement operations covering RAP I, II and III. DD will be assisted by a trained computer programmer who will manage the database using software that will allow quick verification and assessment of the status of compensation payment and other relocation benefits of individual households.

230. DD M&E will review the monthly progress report submitted by implementing NGO and verify the progress through field level investigations and consultation with the affected households.

231. The DD will be responsible for preparation of quarterly progress report for co-financiers on resettlement implementation based on monthly reports of INGO and field inputs. 68

8.3.7 Functions and Powers of Assistant Engineer - Resettlement

232. The main function of Assistant Engineer- Resettlement will be as follows:

 Maintaining close contact with PAPs, informing them about their entitlements and resettlement benefits, verifying claims and grievances and accordingly take necessary action or inform the Deputy Director.

 Promptly bring to notice of Deputy Director/SE–Resettlement matters of urgent nature.

 Closely monitor migrating PAPs to the host areas.

 Organize squatters and uthulis for their settlement at RS site or elsewhere.

 With the help of Kanungos, demarcate plots in surplus land and khas land.

 In consultation with Forest Officer, demarcate areas for plantation.

 Supervise, monitor and evaluate the training programs of NGOs.

 Demarcate plots on RS sites.

 Ensure that all legal and administrative formalities necessary for disbursement of entitlement to EPs are completed according to the Payment Modality/administrative manual.

 Submit regular progress reports to the Executive Engineer.

8.3.8 Functions of Sub-Assistant Engineers

233. The main function of the Sub-Assistant Engineers will be to:

 Liaise with the ADC – Land and NGOs to ascertain land purchase by the EPs;

 Through the implementing NGO contact and supervise the activities of resettlement workers; and

 Monitor and resolve the problems arising out of migration of PAPs to host areas, if any.

8.3.9 Role of Deputy Commissioners’ Office(s)

234. The Deputy Commissioner (DC) has a key role to play in land acquisition (LA) and R&R processes. He/she has the legal responsibility of acquiring land and paying compensation directly to the PAPs as per the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 and subsequent amendments made thereafter. Furthermore, he/she has access to official records and the Legal/Administrative authority for title of land and eligibility of PAPs for Cash Compensation under Law (CCL) for land as well as for other assets, covered by the law.

235. Taking into account the additional land acquisition requirement of the Project, there is a definite need to enhance the capacity of the LAO section of the concerned DCs, by means of engaging additional senior LA staff, for efficient processing of LA requests. It is also necessary that like the DC Munshiganj, the other DCs also initiate their own website for disclosure of necessary information relating to LA cases. 69

236. The EA and the implementing NGOs, will work with the representatives of the DCs during the Joint Verification of affected properties and the market survey of the properties, for ascertaining the current replacement value, before budgeting the total compensation payable to the PAPs.

237. DC would be asked to appoint Special Land Acquisition Officer (SLAO) for PMBP in each of the affected districts. Each thana of the project area would be assigned to one officer each on deputation for helping in identification of the owners of the affected properties and process the papers for the compensation payment. These officers would be in-charge of land records and revenue.

238. The DC offices will receive funds for CCL payment from BBA and effect payment of CCL to the directly affected persons immediately, following issuance of notice under section 7 to facilitate quick disbursement of differentials, if any, by the BBA. Participation of the DC will be necessary in the host area meetings. Similarly DC’s intervention/assistance will be required in matters such as land requisition, disposal of land ownership disputes, allotment of khash land and other surplus land.

8.3.10 Role of Implementing NGOs 239. It has now been generally recognized that the task of successfully implementing a RAP requires special attitude, experience and skills in dealing with the grassroots level people, which are available among some reputed NGOs in the country. Therefore, it has been adopted as a government policy to commission the services of such an NGO to assist in the implementation of this RAP. The principal task of the implementing NGO would be to identify the project affected households/business enterprises and persons relating to the enterprises, estimating their losses and dislocations, and processing their entitlement as per the packages. The next main task would be to assist BBA in disbursing entitlements, which are outside the purview of CCL.

240. The INGOs would also play an important role in addressing legitimate grievances of the APs and vulnerable groups. INGO would also undertake Income and livelihood restoration activities.

8.3.11 Role of Project Consultants

241. Resettlement specialists of the Detail Design Consultant (DDC) and Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) Team, acting on behalf of the Project and BBA, will ensure that sound methodologies and practices are followed in the implementation of RAP. The consultants will advise on any changes in the modalities of the implementation work, participate in meetings with the contracted agency/NGO and BBA, and monitor the work of the implementing NGO/agency in the field. The consultants will also review, on behalf of SE-RU, the implementation progress report, submitted by the contracted NGO/agency, on a regular basis.

8.3.12 Role of External Monitoring Agency

242. Except internal monitoring and evaluation by the EA for land acquisition and resettlement, an independent monitoring agency (EMA) will be engaged through competitive bidding process to undertake resettlement supervision, monitoring and evaluation for the land acquisition and resettlement implementation. EMA will carry out observation of the resettlement program and implementation and submit an independent monitoring and appraisal report of the RAP implementation to the PMO, BBA and to the Co-financiers. The responsibilities of the EMA are indicated in detail in Chapter 10.

8.4 Resettlement Management Committees

243. The process for implementation of RAPs will be participatory with representation from the government, local elected representatives, community and the affected persons. Selected representatives from appropriate stakeholders will be absorbed in various resettlement management committees. A Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) at the Upazila level will be formed for determination of replacement market value of land and assets for compensation. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) for each union will be formed for addressing grievances of the affected 70 persons in the resettlement process. Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) will be formed to facilitate BBA for timely relocation of PAPs from the required land and assist delivery of project sponsored resettlement benefits as designed in RAP. Besides, to identify the quantity and quality of affected properties concretely, in case of any confusion, an Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will be formed.

244. In order to ensure collective sharing of responsibilities, PVAC, GRC, RAC and IVC be formed with representatives of the BBA, Consultant and representatives of the LGI through administrative order of the Ministry of Communications with appropriate legal authority through gazette notification. Formation, roles and responsibilities, and the mandates of the committees proposed are presented below:

8.4.1 Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC)

245. Given that compensation levels are often inadequate in reflecting RVs, it is necessary to form Property Valuation Advisory Committees (PVACs) to (i) provide guidance for the valuation of properties at replacement cost, and (ii) recommend the replacement value to the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) for approval. The Executive Director (ED), BBA/Secretary, Bridges Division, Ministry of Communications, will authorize the formation of PVACs in each of the Upazilas covered by the Project. The PVACs, which should record proceedings of all their deliberations, shall comprise the following:

Munshiganj – Lauhajang Upazila

Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Lauhajang (Member) LAO, Munshiganj (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Munshiganj (Member) Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member-Secretary)

Munshiganj – Srinagar Upazila

Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Srinagar (Member) LAO, Munshiganj (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Munshiganj (Member) Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member-Secretary)

Shariatpur – Janjira Upazila

Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Janjira (Member) LAO, Shariatpur (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Shariatpur (Member) Deputy Director, Resettlement Unit, PBMP (Member-Secretary)

Madaripur – Shibchar Upazila

Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Shibchar (Member) LAO, Madaripur (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Madaripur Deputy Director (Resettlement), PBMP (Member Secretary)

246. The Detail Design Consultants (DDC) will assist the PVACs by providing technical expertise in assessing the RVs for properties (land by type and mouza, structure by basic construction type, 71 trees by broad species-type, and crops by type. DTC will undertake consultations, as needed, with affected persons and host populations to obtain adequate information about property values, and review, as needed, past reports on replacement value.52 For land, DDC will seek to reconcile those values with the land market survey data obtained under the census surveys conducted by the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS).

247. The PVACs will review and verify, as needed, through additional field investigations, the replacement values assessed by type in all three districts will be submitted to MOC for approval. The difference between CCL and RV will be paid by BBA to the eligible persons (EPs) with the assistance from the RAP implementing NGO.

8.4.2 Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)

248. In dealing with a vast number of affected persons, disputes on entitlement processes are very likely to arise due, for example, to gaps in legal/land records systems and need for updated titles of holdings during project implementation. Experience from past projects shows that there are often (i) fraudulent authorization and “no-objection” documents; (ii) errors in establishing inventory of losses (IOL); (iii) cases of dispute over ownership such as an earlier owner receiving an award even after the sale of land prior to acquisition; (iv) issues related to Government vested property, and (v) other socially and legally identified owners. Also, there may be issues arising out of environmental impacts and mitigations.

Objectives of GRC

249. In order to provide an accessible mechanism to APs to raise their issues and grievances as well as raise concerns about their assistance, Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) has already been established in the project area in each Union Parishad. The GRCs are officially recognized “non- judicial” community-based body that will seek to resolve non-judicial disputes arising out of various matters related to the implementation of the SAP and EAP. The fundamental objectives of GRCs are to resolve any resettlement-related grievances locally in consultation with the aggrieved party to facilitate smooth implementation of the social and environmental action plans. Another important objective is to democratize the development process at the local level and to establish accountability to the affected people.

Composition of GRC

250. There will be one GRC for social/resettlement and environmental action plans. The following GRC composition has been gezetted for the entire project with representations from BBA, INGO, local elected officials, representatives of affected people and women in the project area to ensure participatory process and to allow voices of the affected communities in the grievance procedures.

Executive Engineer – PMBP : Convener 1 representative of INGO : Member Secretary Chairman – concerned Union Parishad : Member Female member of concerned ward of the UP : Member Representative of Women APs : Member One (1) representative of APs (based on the recommendation of INGO and approved by Convener)

251. This format of GRC has worked in the past projects – for example, Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project, Bhairab Bridge Construction Project, Pakshey Bridge Project and Southwest Road Network Development Project. The post-project evaluations indicate that GRCs have worked well and was successful in resolving disputes in a participatory manner and with fairness in the decision making process. The GRC is empowered to take a decision which is binding on BBA and considered final. In RAP I, the GRC processes under the above format is functioning well in resolving dispute quickly. In case of technical nature of environmental issues, CSC envirobmental specialist will advise the GRC on technical matters.

52 In particular, BCL (2006) and ADB PPTA (2007). 72

TOR for GRC

252. The scope of work and the Terms of Reference (TOR) for GRC are:

(i) The GRC shall review, consider and resolve grievances related to social/resettlement and environmental mitigations during implementation received by the RU Field Office (ii) Any grievances presented to the GRC should ideally be resolved on the first day of hearing or within a period of three weeks, in cases of complicated cases requiring additional investigations. Grievances of indirectly affected persons and/or persons affected during project implementation will also be reviewed by GRC (iii) The GRC will not engage in any review of the legal standing of an “awardee” other than in the distribution of shares of acquired property among the legal owners and associated compensation or entitlement issues (iv) GRC decisions should ideally be arrived at through consensus, failing which resolution will be based on majority vote. Any decision made by the GRC must be within the purview of RAP policy framework and entitlements (v) The GRC will not deal with any matters pending in the court of law (vi) A minimum three (3) members shall form the quorum for the meeting of the GRC.

253. GRC meetings will be held in the respective RU Field Office in the project area or other location(s) as agreed by the Committee. If needed, GRC members may undertake field visits to verify and review the issues at dispute, including titles/shares, reason for any delay in payments or other relevant matters.

Procedures for Filing GRC Cases

254. APs will be able to file their grievances without any fear and intimidation. Where required, the implementing NGO will assist the APs in drafting the grievances. All grievances must be submitted in writing to the Chair, GRC. The complainant may be represented by the AP him/herself or appointed agent. The judgment made by GRC will be communicated to the concerned AP in writing. If dissatisfied, and with the agreement of the GRC, the AP may request a further review of the judgment of GRC by the Project Director, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project.

255. GRC procedures and operational rules will be publicized widely through community meetings and pamphlets in the local language (Bangla) so that APs are aware of their rights and obligations, and procedure of grievance redress.

Approval of GRCs and Entitlements of GRC Members

256. GRC members will attend a training and orientation meeting prior to commencement of their work. The training will be conducted by Project staff and consultants/resettlement experts. GRC members (except for BBA and NGO representatives) will be entitled to Tk. 300/- (three hundred) per day as honorarium from the implementing NGO budget (i.e., reimbursable head). Light snacks/refreshments will be provided during the meetings under the NGO budget. In case of day-long meeting, GRC members may also be served lunch. Necessary stationery and other logistics will be made available by the NGO. All GRC docments will be maintained by INGO for review and verification by CSC/MC, Co-financiers and Panel of Expert. The BBA Field Office(s) will act as the Secretariat to the GRC.

8.4.3 Inventory Verification Committee (IVC)

257. Inventory of losses (IOL) has been established at different stages of project feasibility study and preparation starting from JICA feasibility study (2003-05) through BBA RAP study (2005-06), ADB PPTA study (2006) and DDC census by BIDS (July 2009). The DCs have also conducted joint verification of physical property and usage of land under acquisition for the Project. During implementation stage, identification of affected persons and determination of their losses will be based on IOL data consistent with present condition and project implementation status. Data has to be verified and confirmed against COD and legitimate impact following the IOL at various stages. An 73

Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will, therefore, be formed with particular responsibilities of data validation through gazette notification by the MOC. Formation of the IVC will be as follows:

Executive Engineer - Resettlement, RU : Chairman Resettlement Specialist, DDC/CSC : Member Representative of DC office : Member Representative of APs : Member

258. IVC will compare the IOL with that of different sources and verify cases where variations will be identified more than 10% on either side. Based on the volume of work, IVC may use services of an NGO/consultant with computerized data processing and programming capacity at the field level.

8.4.4 Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) 259. At the implementation stage, BBA will form a Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) in each union with the approval of the head of BBA-RU in order to involve the local communities and PAPs in the implementation process. The committee will ensure local participation, provide local inputs and assist in all matters related to implementation of the RAP. This Committee shall comprise of the following: Executive Engineer – Resettlement (field) : Convener The Areas Manager of INGO : Member- Secretary LGI representative : Member Representative of Women APs : Member 74

Coordination Figure 8.3 RAP Implementation Arrangement Executive Director Line of Authority BBA GOB (BBA/DCs) NGO/Consultants Project Director Stakeholders’ PMBP (BBA) committees- RAP

Deputy Superintending Construction Supervision Commissioner Engineer Consultants (CSC) [Resettlement (R)]

Resettlement Management LA Officer Dy. Director Team Leader Exec Engr (R) Dy. Director Exec Engr (R) LA Officer Committees (GRC, PVAC, IVC) (LA-BBA) (INGO) Mawa (M&E) Janzira

Gender Systems Sr. Asst. Engr Asst. Director Sr. Asst. Engr Deputy TL Deputy TL Specialist Analyst (R) (M&E) (R)

Area Database Area Asst. Engr (R) Asst. Engr (R) Manager Manager Manager

Sub-Asst. Sub-Asst. Supervisors Supervisors Kanungo Accountant Kanungo Accountant Engr (2) Engr (2)

Resettlement Computer Resettlement Data Entry Computer Data Entry Workers Operator Workers Operator Operator Operator

Support Services Support Services Support Services Support Services 75

8.5 Capacity Building for Resettlement Management 260. There is a need for an efficient organizational set-up for involuntary resettlement management. The key organizations/agencies responsible for implementation of the three RAPs involve:

BBA as the Executing Agency (EA) for the Project

Deputy Commissioner(s) of the concerned districts

Department of Fisheries, Forestry, Agricultural Extension, Cooperative, Upazila administration and Banks,

Local Government Institutions like Upazila Parishad and Union Parishad which represents the APs in all forums in connection with land acquisition, resettlement and income and livelihood restoration;

Experienced NGOs/Institutions/Consultants for assisting BBA for RAP implementation, income and livelihood restoration and need based surveys and services and internal monitoring; and

BBA is in the process of establishing a Safeguard Division within the permanent structure of the organization with separate environmental and resettlement units.

8.6 Implementation and Monitoring Database 261. The DD team, with assistance from concerned agencies, will establish a complete electronic databank and document archive as the key source of information on all resettlement-related data for implementation and monitoring purposes.

262. After the finalization of the RTW design, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) will conduct a census survey, establishing an inventory of loss and a cut-off date for entitlement eligibility (for non-titled persons). The database prepared by BIDS will provide assessment of losses and price of all types of land in all the affected mouzas. Any persons moving into the project area after the cut-off dates will not be entitled for compensation from DCs or any assistance from BBA. However, any APs not covered in the enumerations before the CODs can be enlisted with sufficient proof and approval from the GRCs.

263. The Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) has been engaged to assist the DD consultants for providing technical services for the tasks. CEGIS will collect satellite images of the affected area, digitize mouza maps, and establish a geo-referencing system to ensure that the database is accurate and there is no manipulation of information and subsequent abuse of the policy framework. CEGIS will also provide software and prepare program for entitled person (EP) files on individual households for checking and verification purposes. The file will contain detailed socio-economic data on individual EPs, lost assets, compensation entitlements and payments, and relocation and resettlement status. The databank will enhance institutional capacity of BBA/Field Offices and the implementing NGO in resettlement management and operations of the project.

8.7 RAP-III Implementation Schedule 264. A time-bound implementation schedule is presented in Figure 8.3. The overall schedule of implementation is based on the principle that (i) all affected households are paid their due compensation and other benefits/allowances prior to relocation; and (ii) relocation of the households/businesses will be synchronized with the schedule. The activities listed concern vacating lands for main bridge and approach roads and resettlement activities – for example, payment of additional grant over CCL to reach replacement value, income and livelihood restoration activities, 76 and social development for vulnerable groups. Implementation of RAP-III will commence once the RTW design is complete and the land acquisition process starts as per new design. 77

Figure 8.4 - RAP III Implementation Schedule

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 No. Activity Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

A. LAND ACQUISITION

1 Preparation of LAP and Submission to DCs

2 Land Acquisition Processing by DCs

3 Notice u/s 3, Joint Verification, Notice u/s 6

4 LA Estimate and Fund Placement with DCs

5 Payment of CCL

6 Transfer of Land

B. SOCIAL PREPARATION

1 Mobilization of INGO in the field

2 Disclosure of RAP

3 NGO assistance to APs for CCL collection

4 Formation of PVAC/IVC/GRCs/RACs

5 Identification of EPs/Issuance of ID Cards

6 Determination of Entitlements

C. PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION

1 Coordinate with DC offices on land acquisition

2 Assist APs in the process of CCL collection

3 Prepare application for CCL collection for APs

4 Opening Bank Account by the APs

5 APs apply and receive CCL

6 APs approach and receive RV/AG for RV

78

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 No. Activity Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

D. RELOCATION

1 Payment of Transfer and Reconstruction Grants

2 Payment of other resettlement grants

3 Allotment of RS Plots

4 AP mobilization and relocation

5 Monitoring relocated households

E. GRIEVANCE REDRESS

1 Complaints from aggrieved APs

2 Review, Approval and Actions

F. MIS AND MONITORING

1 Design, Develop and Operate Automated MIS

2 Internal Monitoring

3 Independent External Monitoring

G. IMPLEMENTATION OF ILRP

1 Hiring Coordinating NGO

2 Develop/update ILRP

3 Implement ILRP

4 Monitoring ILRP Implementation

Start of Civil Works 79

CHAPTER 9

LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT COSTS

9.1 Introduction 265. The costs for land acquisition and resettlement in the RAP-III have been estimated at current market price of land, as per land rates of 2009 under RAP-I, rates of physical assets and businesses by enhancing 2006 PPTA rates and including additional assistance for loss of income and vulnerabilities as per the resettlement policy framework. This budget is indicative of outlays for different expenditure categories assessed by ADB PPTA Census (2006) for physical assets and affected households due to acquisition of agricultural land and the recent land market survey by BIDS. These costs will be updated and adjusted once the land acquisition boundaries will be finalized and the government adopts a price of land and other assets based on recommendations of PVAC for replacement value. Replacement value of land and property will be updated annually if the PVAC at the district level justifies the same at the time of dispossession.

266. All land acquisition and resettlement funds will be provided by BBA based on the financing plan agreed by the Government of Bangladesh and international co-financiers. Relocation of affected persons, squatters, encroachers and lessees, and their R&R will be considered as an integral component of the project costs. The rehabilitation and training to the potential affected persons will be provided under the income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) based on vulnerability and needs assessed through a special census and consultation exercise using the social development fund (SDF).

267. BBA will ensure that the land acquisition and resettlement budgets are delivered on time to the DCs and resettlement account of the field office of the BBA-RU respectively. BBA will also ensure that the RAP- III is submitted to co-financiers for concurrence, and that funds for entitlements under the RAP-III is fully provided to PAPs prior to the award of the civil work contract. Compensation and resettlement funds will be provided to the APs in two separate ways:

 Compensation under law for acquisition of land will be disbursed through the Deputy Commissioners;  Additional assistance for resettlement of project-affected persons will be disbursed directly by BBA with assistance from INGO.

9.2 Budget

268. RAP-III budgets for replacement value of land, structures and other assets, and special assistance will be calculated using the market rates reflecting replacement cost or updating the replacement value of assets at the time of dispossession. The costs for relocation and special assistance will be consistent with the resettlement policy framework and entitlement matrix. Other costs involving project disclosure, public consultations and focus group discussions, surveys, training and income and livelihood restoration, and monitoring and evaluation have been included in the RAP-III budget. There is also a budget allocation for RAP-III implementation (15% of the total) and a 10% contingency. 80

269. The cost estimate in this RAP is based on inventory of losses as of ADB PPTA study in 2006 and current compensation rate evaluation for land in 4 RS. This estimate will be revised based on changes in impacts to be considered. Therefore, the budget will remain as a dynamic process for cost estimate even during implementation. However, GOB is firmly committed to mobilize additional funds, if necessary.

270. The total estimated cost of implementation of RAP-III is BDT 9,956.58 million (US$ 145.35 million). The budget includes BDT 8,423.92 million for replacement value of land, structures, trees and crops; BDT 48.72 million for relocation of housing and businesses, BDT 340.43 million for rehabilitation of affected households including host area facilities, BDT 6.25 million for Public Health Action Plan, and BDT 231.11 million for institutional capacity building, implementation, monitoring and evaluation (Table 9.1). All funds for land acquisition and resettlement will be entirely provided by the Government of Bangladesh from the revenue budget. Funds for SDF is presently a GoB fund, however, the co-financiers, particulary the WB and ADB, have expressed their interest to fund the income and livelihood restoration program.Detailed RAP-II budget is at Annex V. Table 9.1: Summary Land Acquisition and Resettlement Budget N o. Expenditure Item Total BDT Total US$ A. Replacement Cost 8,423,925,648 122,977,017 1 Land 6,888,039,117 100,555,316 2 Structure 967,267,645 14,120,696 3 Trees/crops/perennials 568,618,886 8,301,006

B. Relocation Cost 48,716,442 711,189 1 Dislocation allowance for land 11,697,751 170,770 2 Transfer grant for structures 11,651,176 170,090 3 Reconstruction grant for structures 16,691,325 243,669 4 Reconstruction of physical cultural resources 8,676,190 126,660

C. Rehabilitation assistance 340,434,744 4,969,850 Specialist assistance for vulnerable 1 households 5,515,000 80,511 Moving assistance for owner operated 2 business premises 3,780,000 55,182 Assistance for loss of income by owner 3 operated commercial premises 6,784,915 99,050 4 Assistance for affected wage earners 30,290,400 442,196 5 Dislocation allowance for loss of income 4,765,600 69,571 6 Social development fund (SDF) 34,298,829 500,713 7 Host area incentives/facilities 255,000,000 3,722,628

E. Public health action plan 6,248,709 91,222

F. Administration and management cost 232,110,852 3,388,480 Administrative overhead for Land Acquisition 1 for DCs 179,687,977 2,623,182 2 Implementation of RAP 37,492,254 547,332 3 Implementation of SDF/PHAP 2,223,512 32,460 4 Independent monitoring agency 6,248,709 91,222 5 Capacity building of RU Staff 6,458,400 94,283 G . Subtotal (A+B+C+D+E+F) 9,051,436,395 132,137,758

H . Contingency (10%) 905,143,639 13,213,776 81

I. TOTAL 9,956,580,034 145,351,533

Detail item-wise budget by district has been shown in Annex-V.

9.3 Unit Costs of Land and Assets

9.3.1 Replacement Value of Land

Price of land in Bangladesh varies substantially depending on productivity, commercial utility, and proximity to urban centers and access to roads. Land price, therefore, varies also within a given geographical boundary like the smallest land administrative unit called “Mouza”. The Deputy Commissioners, therefore, determine the compensation for land for each mouza or location of the land to be acquired. BBA, to estimate the cost of land, also carried out land market survey at the end of 2005 to collect market price of land for each Mouza. ADB PPTA in 2006 also conducted land market survey covering government price, and identifying local level existing prices from knowledgeable persons, actual sell prices from sellers and expected prices of land from potential sellers. BBA has recently conducted land market survey in the affected areas of the five resettlement sites in the three districts67. The replacement price of land was determined for each mouza by category of land by its uses like (i) residential land, (ii) commercial land, (iii) agricultural land, (iv) water body, (v) fallow land, and (vi) sandy land. The owners of acquired land purchasing replacement land will be waived from all taxes and charges for land titling through appropriate reimbursements.

Table 9.2 indicates the estimated current market price (CMP) of land based on the recommendations of BIDS on current market price of land (for the year 2010) for RAP-I affected areas. Replacement Value of land is defined as the combined CMP and the cost of land transfer for replacement land purchase with the equivalent amount of CMP.

Table 9.2: Acquisition of Land and Current Market Price (Rates) Category of Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Total land Land Rate Land Rate Land Rate Rate (dec) (BDT/dec) (dec) (BDT/dec) (dec) (BDT/dec) Land (dec) (BDT/dec) Homestead 5112.9 135,433 2124.2 20,141 1,987.63 101,891 8,286.13 88,975 Agri-land 15933.97 109,482 34372.52 22,597 44,071.48 59,830 86,293.66 40,559 Vita 1341.21 150,951 402.61 20,141 277.44 20,141 1,784.14 104,668 Water-body 1892.02 23,798 738.53 22,597 314.71 22,597 2,394.45 23,386 Fallow land 4053.27 22,598 12624.17 22,597 356.12 22,598 4,621.81 22,598 Total 28335.84 97,976 50264.5 22,478 47,011.51 51,389 103,389.26 43,062

9.3.2 Replacement Value of Structures

Loss of building structures, either commercial or residential have been assessed through BIDS census survey in September 2009 based on the original land acquisition plan in the main bridge facilities and the approach roads. For replacement market value of structures, the ADB PPTA rates (determined through independent property valuation survey) have been enhanced by 50% to match with 2009 prices. The replacement value of structure will be finalized for 2009 for payment by market evaluation through PVAC for each district. The owners of structures will be compensated at replacement cost irrespective of their title to land.

The Deputy Commissioners will determine the market price of structures involving the Public Works Department (PWD) at district level. However, BBA will determine the replacement

67 BIDS, 2009. Replacement Value of Land Acquired for Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project and Entitlements to Compensation: An Assessment, Draft Final Report, November 2009 82 value of physical structures for housing, commercial structure and community buildings (including primary, secondary and associated structures) based on cost of materials, type of construction, labor, transport and other construction costs. Rates obtained from the carpenters and construction contractors will also be compared with such prices. No deductions will be applied for depreciation and transaction costs.

Table 9.4 indicates the compensation rates for acquisition of residential/commercial/religious structures excluding the cost of the land. The land cost has been given in Table 9.1 does not include land of squatter and vulnerable encroacher. It includes the structures of the squatters and the vulnerable encroachers also.

Table 9.4 Quantity and Replacement Rates of Structures on Acquired Land68

Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Total Category of Rate Rate Rate Rate land Sft Sft Sft Sft (BDT) (BDT) (BDT) (BDT) Pucca 134,250 1616 65,171 1404 172,134 1404 371,555 1503 Semi-pucca 51,651 1323 1,173 720 8,325 720 61,149 1155 Tin 36,718 882 253 528 11,291 528 48,262 875 Katcha 560,019 173 119,715 168 356,151 168 1,035,885 168 Thatched 45,404 71 19,558 68 54,568 68 119,530 68 Total 828,042 862.82 205,870 362.93 602,469 215.97 1,636,381 478.85

9.3.3 Market Value of Trees

Number of trees of different sizes and species including Bamboo and Banana plants has been assessed through BIDS census survey in September 2009 based on the original land acquisition plan in the main bridge facilities and the approach roads. Market value of these trees, bamboo and banana groves has been taken from the ADB PPTA rates (determined through independent property valuation survey in 2006) enhancing by 50% to match with 2009 prices. The market value of trees will be finalized at the time of dispossession for payment by market evaluation through PVAC for each district. The owners of trees will be compensated at current market cost irrespective of their title to land.

The Deputy Commissioners will determine the market price of trees involving the Department of Forest (DOF) at district level. However, BBA will determine the current market value of trees at the time of dispossession through an independent market evaluation under the supervision of PVAC for each district obtaining data from the timber traders, sellers and buyers.

Table 9.5 shows the number of affected trees and their estimated current market price excluding the cost of the land. It includes the trees of the squatters and the vulnerable encroachers also or partners of social forestry program.

Table 9.5: Number and Market Value of Trees on Acquired Land

Districtwise No. of Affected Trees on Acquired Land Size of Trees by Market Rate Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Category 69

68 For replacement market value of structures, the ADB PPTA rates (determined through independent property valuation survey) have been enhanced by 50% for 2009 prices (Annual inflation of 10% accumulates 30% over three years since 2006 and the rest 20% was for recent price hike of construction materials to match with 2009 prices). 83

In Nos. In Nos. In Nos. In BDT I. Timber Trees Large 1,936 1,062 940 19524 Medium 4,156 1,039 1,380 11240 Small 9,205 6,708 24,238 3603 Saplings 5,361 4,139 13,507 20 II. Fruit-bearing trees Large 6,853 674 2,692 7039 Medium 5,111 1,031 4,535 4117 Small 10,019 3,739 15,284 1489 Saplings 10,240 4,655 17,968 65 III. Bamboo Large 10,911 13,826 26,292 362 Medium 6,792 8,395 14,204 219 Small 2,434 4,774 8,874 129 Saplings 259 1,551 3,007 33 IV. Banana Large 8,369 6,796 32,101 686 Medium 5,575 4,445 16,973 495 Small 3,170 3,694 14,108 101 Saplings 1,110 2,950 9,804 36

9.3.4 Market Value of Crops

Standing crops on acquired land will be identified through joint verification by DCs at the time of dispossession. The amount of yield will be taken from the district agriculture extension offices and the market rates of crops at the time of dispossession will be taken from the district agricultural marketing office. Table 9.6 indicates the quantum of agricultural land and the rates for compensation of crops for each unit of land (ha).

Table 9.6 Compensation for Standing Crops70

Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Total Crop land Land Rate Land Rate Land Rate Land Rate (ha) (BDT) (ha) (BDT) (ha) (BDT) (ha) (BDT) Agricultura 64.51 235,638 106.43 78,052 139.16 90,402 310.10 105,094 l land

9.4 Provisions of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Assistance

9.4.1 Additional Assistance

Provision for additional assistance (difference between Replacement Costs and Compensation under Law) will be assessed on the actual compensation paid by the Deputy

69 As mentioned in the above footnote, in case of trees, the ADB PPTA Rates (2006) were enhanced by 50% to match 2009 market value of the affected trees. 70 ADB PPTA Rates (2006) enhanced by 50% for 2009 84

Commissioners. The amount obtained from DC offices will be deducted from the Replacement Value of land, structure and trees to obtain any balance for ensuring replacement value of land and property. The balance will be paid to the owners of land and property directly by BBA with assistance from the INGO.

9.4.2 Dislocation Allowance A dislocation allowance for loss of land will be provided to all affected persons losing land. The allowance will be BDT 100 for one decimal of acquired agricultural land, water body and fallow land, and it will be BDT 200 in case of homestead and commercial land. The maximum amount of dislocation allowance will be BDT 20,000/- for any types of land. Lessees of land will be provided a dislocation allowance of BDT 100 for one decimal of land which will be up to BDT 5,000/-.

9.4.3 Allowance for Loss of Access to Eroded Land

An allowance for loss of access to eroded land if reappears in natural process within 30 years after erosion of any land. The allowance will be BDT 200 for one decimal of acquired eroded land. The maximum amount of dislocation allowance will be BDT 20,000/- for any types of land. Any lessees of eroded land will be entitled for this seizure allowance if there is sufficient proof and the owner certifies. This allowance is well accumulated in the land replacement cost and does not appear as a cost in the budget.

9.4.4 Transfer Grant

All the displaced households, businesses and physical cultural resources will require shifting their belongings and salvaged materials for which a Transfer Grant will be provided at the rate of BDT 07 per sqft for residential structure, and BDT 10 per sqft for commercial and physical cultural resource structures.

9.4.5 Reconstruction Grant

All the displaced households, businesses and physical cultural resources (community premises) will require reconstructing their housing, business and community premises at permanent alternative sites. A Reconstruction Grant will be provided to the affected persons at the rate of BDT 10 per sqft for residential structure, and BDT 15 per sgft for commercial and physical cultural resource structures.

9.4.6 One Time Special Assistance

Affected female-headed households, disabled-headed households and owners of self- operated commercial premises will be provided with One Time Special Assistance at the rate of BDT 5000 each. The entitlement will be paid directly to the head of households and actual owners of the commercial premises.

9.4.7 Income and Livelihood Restoration Grant

Owners of affected self-operated commercial premises, affected agricultural and commercial/ industrial wage labourers, renters and rentees of residential and commercial premises and affected households losing more than 10% of their income due to acquisition of land will be provided with income and livelihood restoration grants (IRGs). The rates of the IRGs as per type so affected persons will be as follows: 85

182. Owners of affected self-operated commercial premises will get a sum of BDT equivalent to 5% of the cash compensation under law received from DC offices for the affected commercial structure.

183. Affected unskilled farm labourer will get a sum of BDT 19800 calculated based on 90 days wage at the rate of BDT 220.

184. Affected unskilled non-farm labourer will get a sum of BDT 13200 calculated based on 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 220.

185. Affected skilled non-farm labourer will get a sum of BDT 18000 calculated based on 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 300.

186. Affected renters and rentees of residential and commercial premises and persons losing more than 10% of his/her income due to acquisition of agricultural land will be entitled for a one time lump sum of BDT 4000.

9.4.8 Livelihood Regeneration and Social Risks Management

The project will develop 4 resettlement sites for permanent relocation of willing households and businesses covered in the RAP- I I71. It is expected that the self-relocated households will be absorbed in groups in the neighboring villages to share existing civic facilities. To accommodate them socially, improvement and extension of existing civic facilities like religious and educational institutions, access roads, water supply and drainage systems, and power transmission lines will be supported from the project. The host villages absorbing the displaced families in their vicinity will be provided with additional facilities or support for improvement of existing facilities.

Affected physical cultural resources will be supported for reconstruction and operation as well. A social development fund (SDF) will be in place to provide long-term livelihood restoration support to the affected wage earners and peasant families losing more than 10% of their productive land to the project. An STI management program (under the public health action plan) will be implemented during construction period to safeguard public health in the project- affected areas. The RAP- III has budgetary provisions as follows:

 Budget for host areas development BDT 3,429,883/-

 Budget for re-establishment of CRPs BDT 8,676,190/-

 Social Development Fund BDT 34,298,829/-

 Budget for Host Area Facilities BDT 255,000,000/-

9.5 Approval of the Resettlement Budget

Resettlement and rehabilitation budget included in RAP-III will be revised as per findings in the detail engineering design of RTW through census for inventory of losses and determining replacement value of property at the time of dispossession. The Ministry of Communications will approve the revised budget along with the revised RAP-III. The Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (ECNEC) has already approved a total budget of BDT 6060 million (USD 88.47 million) for land acquisition and resettlement under the project. The approved budget includes a total amount of BDT 3000 million (USD 43.80 million) for land acquisition and BDT 3060 million (USD 44.67 million) for resettlement of project affected

71 The length of RTW in Mawa side has been reduced from 6 km to 4 km. As a result, Resettlement Site 1 (Kobutorkhola Market) has been dropped from the list of RS as it is outside the new RTW project boundary. 86 persons. Additional allocations will be made to cover RAPs, including livelihood programs, under the Social Action Plan.

The rates for cash entitlements for rehabilitation as well as allowances payable to AHs will be adjusted annually, based on the actual annual inflation rate. BBA will determine the annual inflation rates to be applied to all cash entitlements during the updating of the RAP based on final inventory verification upon detailed engineering design and confirmation of the acquisition boundary of the bridge end facilities and the approach roads.

The Implementing NGO will assist BBA preparing resettlement budgets for RAP-III covering all eligible loss and entitlements confirmed through joint verification and determination of replacement market price of land and property by PVAC. This budget will be approved by BBA through appropriate authorities and make available for placement with the RU account of the BBA as per requisition from the Superintending Engineer heading the RU.

9.6 Management of Resettlement Fund

BBA does not have any set codified rules for payment of cash to APs eligible for resettlement assistance from the project. In JMBP, BBA (former JMBA) adopted an Administrative Manual/ Payment Modality for identification of entitled persons, determination of their losses and entitlements and payment of entitlements to the right person. A detail implementation procedural guideline will be required to implement the RAP at the field level. Both the BBA- RU and the RAP implementing NGO will follow the implementation procedure after its approval from the Executive Director (ED), BBA. The detail design consultant (resettlement specialists) will prepare the guideline following the Payment Modality adopted for JMBP and in consultation with the Head-RU and the RAP implementing NGO. The implementation procedure will include definition of various resettlement terms, the entitlements, detail procedure for identification of eligible persons for resettlement entitlements of the RAP, and prepare loss and entitlement files of individual APs, process payments, effecting their disbursement and documentation.

The ED with requisition of payments under bi-annual assessment from the Superintending Engineer (Resettlement) will place fund with the RU resettlement account in the field. The implementation guideline will contain details of the management aspects and monitoring mechanism. All payment to the affected persons will be paid in crossed bank cheques. Vouchers on payment will be prepared in quadruplicates: one for RU-Field, one for RU HQ, one for INGO, and one for Bank (with the resettlement account of BBA-RU). The Executive Engineer (Resettlement), field Accountant, and authorized representative from INGO will sign the vouchers. Payment will be made and records maintained as per approved RAP implementation guideline.

9.7 RU Capacity Building BBA has the experience of handling the largest ever implemented and the first resettlement program in Bangladesh for implementation of the Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project. The Resettlement Unit (RU) of the BBA for the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project has been manned with personnel having that vast experience as the head of RU. The RU contingent will undergo extensive training and orientation through interaction with the DCs, the DD Safeguard Team, the Implementing NGO and the co-financiers safeguard officers. An overseas tour has been provisioned for the BBA-RU staff in the second year of implementation. However, the complex project context and the multi-source data management under a harmonized safeguard policy requires continued refreshing of the process and strategies for the RU staff. The Project to this end will design and organize refreshers both for the RU staff and the implementing NGO once every year. A lump sum amount of BDT 6,458,400/- has been provisioned under RAP-III. 87

CHAPTER 10

MONITORING AND EVALUATION

10.1 Introduction Resettlement of affected persons of the Project aims for improving on or at least restituting their social and livelihood resources at the pre-project level. The process of implementation must ensure that the affected persons are able to regain their pre-project socioeconomic status. Therefore, monitoring of the process of planning, implementation and delivery of institutional and financial assistance to the project affected persons has been designed as an integral part of the overall functioning and management of the Project. BBA will establish a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system as a systematic and continuous process of collecting, collating and analyzing information about the progress and a tool for identifying strengths and weaknesses of the process. Also a periodic evaluation of the process and the outcomes will enable BBA to identify lapses, procedural weaknesses, policy inadequacies and institutional drawbacks to devise and implement corrective measures to achieve the desired goals and objectives of RAP-III.

A comprehensive and relevant database and management information system (MIS) will be established and updated periodically for monitoring various activities of RAP implementation. The RAP database generated through land acquisition plan, census, baseline socio-economic survey, land market survey and consultation, CCL payment and resettlement benefit payment database will become essential input of the MIS. BBA will develop a monitoring program that covers all essential stages of resettlement including apprehension of RAP and planning, relocation and rehabilitation through progress monitoring and evaluation of intended outcomes of RAP implementation. The monitoring should also cover performance of the individual staff in resettlement operation. Data generated through Focus Group discussion will be an integral part of the monitoring process.

10.2 Objectives of M&E

The M&E system will serve as a tool for monitoring and evaluation of resettlement program ensuring timely and fair delivery of entitlements. The M&E will enable BBA to get feedback from target population and the field operatives to devise corrective measures to ensure achievement of targets within schedule. The objectives of M&E will enhance the delivery capacity of the BBA and maximize benefits of RAP packages to the affected persons and the host communities.

The M&E will be carried out through collecting, analyzing, reporting and using information about resettlement progress as per scope of the RAP and the process adopted for achieving the progress. It will ensure that inputs are provided, procedures are followed, and outputs are monitored and verified as per approved plan and schedule of actions. Identifying lapses and failures at implementation process, BBA will undertake timely management actions. A benchmark database will be developed for the purpose of ongoing monitoring and periodic and ex-post evaluations of the RAP targets.

BBA field offices will conduct field level monitoring and assess the daily operation of land acquisition, payment of compensation, identification of entitled persons physically, and processing their entitlements, relocation and resettlement. 88

10.3 Stages of M&E

Monitoring will be done both internally and externally to provide feedback to BBA and to assess the effectiveness of the RAP policy and implementation. Internal monitoring will be carried out by BBA at three consecutive stages of the process of RAP implementation: RAP apprehension or preparatory stage, relocation stage and rehabilitation stage. Scope of M&E at these stages will be as follows:

10.3.1 Preparatory Stage

During the pre-relocation phase of resettlement operation, monitoring is concerned with administrative issues such as, establishment of resettlement unit, budget management, requirement for further land acquisition, consultation with APs in the preparation of resettlement plan and their participation in the implementation process, information dissemination on payments of entitlement due, grievance redress, and so on. The key issue for monitoring will be to:-

 Conduct baseline survey;  Consultations;  Identify APs and their numbers;  Identification of different categories of APs and entitlements of individuals;  Collection of gender disaggregated data and preferences of women;  Establish Inventory of losses;  Ascertain Entitlements;  Valuation of different assets not covered by PVAC;  Budget delivery;  Information dissemination;  Institutional capacity assessment;  Implementation schedule and items of expenditure.

10.3.2 Relocation Stage

Monitoring during the relocation phase covers such issues as site selection in consultation with APs, development of relocation sites, assistance to APs (especially to vulnerable groups) in physically moving to the new site. Likewise aspects such as adjustment of APs in the new surroundings, attitude of the host population towards the new comers and development of community life are the issues considered at this stage. The key issue for monitoring will be:-

 Payment of compensation;  Delivery of entitlement;  Grievance redressing;  Support in CCL collection process ;  Preparation of resettlement site, including civic amenities (water, sanitation, drainage, paved streets, electricity supply);  Consultations;  Relocation;  APs who do not relocate;  Payment of resettlement benefit;  Income and livelihood restoration assistance.

10.3.3 Rehabilitation Stage

Once APs have settled down at the new sites, the focus of monitoring shifts to issues of economic recovery programmes including income generating schemes (IGSs), acceptance of these schemes by APs, impact of IGSs on living standards, and the sustainability of the new livelihood patterns. The key issue for monitoring will be: 89

 Initiation of income generation activities;  Provision of basic civic amenities and essential facilities in the relocated area;  Consultations;  Assistance to enhance livelihood and quality of life.

10.4 M&E Indicators

Compliance of the RAP policy and targets in the implementation process will be monitored through setting up indicators. The most crucial components/indicators to be monitored are specific contents of the activities and entitlement matrix. The RAP contains indicators and benchmarks for achievement of the objectives under the resettlement program. These indicators and benchmarks are judged for implementation process, outcomes and impacts (see boxes 1, 2 and 3).

Box 1: Process Indicators Project input, public participation and Setting up RU and placement of staff monitoring Deployment of implementing agencies Training of RU staff Census, IOL, baseline socioeconomic survey Placement of funds for land acquisition and resettlement Expenditure of implementing agencies Deployment of independent monitoring agency Procedure of identification of eligible affected persons Procedure of determining loss and entitlements Procedure of allocation of RS plots Development of livelihood and income restoration program Preparation of disclosure instruments Disclosure and consultation events Formation of GRC, RAC, PVACT, and IVC Grievance redress procedures in-place and functioning Level of public awareness on RAP policy and provisions Cost of compensation collection by APs Monitoring reports submitted

Box 2: Output Indicators Delivery of entitlements, relocation and Number of households relocated (by RS and host rehabilitation areas) Number of households compensated and assisted Number of businesses relocated (by RS and host areas) Number of affected persons purchased replacement agricultural land Amount of compensation disbursed Amount of resettlement benefits disbursed Number of eligible persons identified for training Number of vulnerable households resettled Number of vulnerable households brought under ILRP

Box 3: Impact Indicators Longer term impacts Changes in housing Changes in water and sanitation 90

Changes in land holding Changes in occupation Changes in income and expenditure Pace of income against change in expenditure Changes in attending health problems Nutrition of women and children Gender balance and women empowerment Changes in vulnerable households and women headed households Results of community severance mitigation measures

10.5 Monitoring Levels and Hierarchy

Monitoring will be carried out at three levels. The Project Director (PD) will carry out regular internal monitoring with input from the field operation. An external monitoring will be commissioned by BBA employing independent external agency. The Construction Supervision Consultants will also carry out supervision and monitoring to assist BBA and the co-financiers. The Panel of Experts (POE) of the co-financiers will monitor the overall performance of project including the RAP and ILRP implementation. The co-financiers themselves will also commission supervision missions time to time. The institutional hierarchy is understood at Figure 10.1.

10.5.1 Internal Monitoring

The Project Director (PD) will carry out internal monitoring through the Deputy Director, M&E with the help of the implementing NGO and the construction supervision consultant (CSC). Internal monitoring will comprise of monitoring the process indicators and the output indicators (section 8.3). The INGO will gather information on RAP implementation covering relevant activities as per schedule. CSC resettlement specialists (one international and two national) will assist the PD in monitoring the activities of the INGO and review field progress reports regularly. INGO will prepare monthly progress reports (MPRs) that will include the monitoring issues. PD will develop progress and performance monitoring software to get monitoring output on a regular basis. Internal monitoring reports on RAP implementation will be included in the quarterly Project Progress Report (PPR) of the BBA.

The report of internal monitoring will contain: (i) accomplishment to-date, (ii) objectives attained and not attained during the period, (iii) problems encountered, and (iv) suggested options for corrective measures. The internal monitoring reports submitted by the INGO will be synthesized by the CSC resettlement specialists. The international resettlement specialist (IRS) with the CSC will assist PD in preparing the overall resettlement status in the PPR in consultation with the national resettlement specialists (NRSs). However, the NRSs will particularly monitor the activities of INGO and report to PD, PMBP on a monthly basis under the guidance of the IRS.

10.5.2 External Monitoring

External monitoring will be carried out periodically for review and assessment of resettlement implementation, verification of the results of internal monitoring in the field, and suggesting adjustment of delivery mechanisms and procedures as required. The main objectives of external monitoring will be to review the RAP implementation and assess the achievements vis-à-vis resettlement objectives; changes in living standards and livelihoods of those affected; restoration of the economic and social base of the affected people; the effectiveness, impact and sustainability of entitlements, and the need for further mitigation measures. The overall aim of external monitoring will be to learn strategic lessons for future policy formulation and planning. External monitoring will be independent of BBA RU involved in implementation of the RAP. 91

External monitoring will be carried out on a quarterly basis. Mid-term and final evaluations will be done to assess the achievement of objectives of RAP against the performance impact indictors. A database for monitoring and evaluation, building upon the project's own M&E system will be developed for external monitoring. It will optionally include maps, charts, photographs of affected property, copies of contracts and land titles, payments, and valuation documents relating to resettlement.

10.5.3 M&E by Panel of Expert (PoE)

Panel of Experts (POE) with nominated members from co-financiers comprising of international and national technical experts will commission periodic monitoring and evaluation of RAP implementation. The objectives of POE supervision and monitoring will be to ensure safeguard compliance from respective safeguard policies of the co-financiers. POE monitoring focuses on achievement of targets of process indicators within agreed timeframe.

10.5.4 M&E by Co-financiers

In addition to POE missions, the co-financiers will also commission monitoring of progress in RAP implementation with respective safeguard specialists. The GOB has also commissioned a special committee for monitoring timeliness of the execution of the project activities.

10.6 Methodology and Approach

The M&E approach will be to identify and select a set of appropriate indicators and gathering information on them to assess the changes and variations. Participation of stakeholders especially the affected persons, women and vulnerable groups will be ensured in the M&E process. The process will also undertake various formal and informal surveys for impact analysis. Assessment of resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability will be carried through the M&E process for identification of lessons from the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project for building upon future policies on involuntary resettlement in the country.

Monitoring tools would include both quantitative and qualitative methods as follows:  Sample household survey: a baseline household survey of representative sample (20% of affected households), disaggregated by gender and vulnerability to obtain information on the key indicators of entitlement delivery, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability.  Focused Group Discussions (FGD): Consult with a range of stakeholder groups (local government, resettlement field staff, NGOs, community leaders and APs including women and vulnerable groups).  Key informant interviews: Consult individuals like local leaders, village workers or persons with special knowledge or experience about resettlement activities and implementation.  Community public meetings: Open public meetings at resettlement sites to elicit information about performance of various resettlement activities.  Structured direct observations: Field observations on status of resettlement implementation, plus individual or group interviews for crosschecking purposes.  Informal surveys/interviews: Informal surveys of APs, host village, workers, resettlement staff, and implementing agency personnel using non-sampled methods.  In the case of special issues, in-depth case studies of APs and host populations from various social classes will be undertaken to assess impact of resettlement.

10.7 Institutional Arrangements for M&E BBA will carry out internal M&E of the RAP implementation involving the RU field offices, implementing NGO and the construction supervision consultant (CSC). An independent external monitoring agency (EMA) will carry out M&E independent of the BBA. Project supervision consultant will oversee and monitor safeguard compliance of the project while the 92

Panel of Experts (POE) will conduct periodic missions for the compliance monitoring. In addition, the co-financiers will conduct their own mission within their own framework of social and environmental compliance monitoring. The project affected persons, their community and local level NGOs will also participate in the M&E process (Figure 10.1).

10.7.1 Office of the Project Director The Project Director (PD) will be responsible to oversee proper and timely implementation of all activities in RAP. The RU within the Office of the PD will operate and manage implementation of RAP with the assistance from an appointed implementing NGO. The monitoring will be carried out by Head of RU with support from the Field Offices and the resettlement implementation NGO. The RU will establish an M&E Section at the head office headed by a Deputy Director in charge of M&E (DD-M&E). The M&E Section will have sufficient staff having appropriate skills and capacity, and necessary resources. The Implementing NGO will collect appropriate data from the field and provide feedback to BBA on progress of RAP implementation and the day to day problems arising out of the process.

The implementing NGO will prepare monthly/quarterly reports on the progress of RAP Implementation. RU M&E Section will collect information from the project site and assimilate in the form of monthly progress of RAP implementation and adjust work program where necessary, in case of delays or problems. An automated MIS will be designed and developed by INGO to monitor the output indicators at the BBA field and headquarters level.

10.7.2 Independent External Monitoring Agency An External Monitoring Agency (EMA), independent of the project, with prior experience in resettlement and rehabilitation of developed induced displacements will be engaged to carry out the external M&E and reporting of the implementation of the RAP. The EMA will carry out quarterly, annual, mid-term and final evaluation and recommend necessary changes to the Head of RU and the PD, PMBP for consideration. The scope of external monitoring will cover compliance monitoring and social impact evaluation of RAP implementation. A sample TOR for hiring an Independent External Monitoring Agency (EMA) is attached as Annex IV.

The EMA will cover the compliance issues such as (i) compensation and entitlement policies, (ii) adequacy of organizational mechanism for implementing the RAP, (iii) restoration of APs incomes, (iv) settling complaints and grievances, and (v) provisions for adequate budgetary support by BBA for implementing the RAP. The EMA will assess if the APs: (i) have been provided with alternative sites for relocation; (ii) have reestablished their structures; (iii) have reestablished their business; and (iii) were extended assistance to restore their incomes from pre-project levels. It will also appraise the accounting documents used in recording the payments of compensation to APs by BBA. In addition to this at least once a year an annual impact evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the work being undertaken and level of results achieved. 93

Figure 10.1 Monitoring and Evaluation

Executive Director

POE Project Director Co-financiers Co-financiers PMO, PMBP ADB, IDB, JICA, WB

Superintending Engineer External Monitoring Agency CSC RU, PMBP (EMA)

Team Leader RU, Field (BBA) Local Communities, Implementing NGO NGOs

INGO, Field PAPs

10.8 Reporting Requirements The Head of RU responsible for supervision and implementation of each RAP will prepare monthly progress reports on resettlement activities under RAP-III to PD, PMBP. PD will submit quarterly reports to the co-financiers. The EMA will submit bi-annual review directly to co-financiers and determine whether resettlement goals have been achieved, more importantly whether livelihoods and living standards have been restored/enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement. Monitoring reports will be submitted at regular intervals as specified. Both monitoring and evaluation will form parts of regular activities and reporting on this will be extremely important in order to undertake mid-way corrective steps. Table 10.1 provides details on the content and timing for various report associated with M&E.

Table 10.1 Reporting Cycle/Frequency

Activity Content Timeline Responsibility Monthly Narrative as per Monitoring Plan Submitted INGO Progress format giving details on activity, within 10 days Report results, issues affecting performance of the next and variance if any and reason for month same and corrections recommended

Quarterly Expenditure vs. budgeted amount by Submitted BBA Financial budget heads and sub heads within 30 days Reports of end of financial quarter

Quarterly Narrative as per monitoring program Submitted BBA/CSC Project on R&R issues in the PPR within 20 days Progress of the end of Report (R&R) quarter

Quarterly, Mid- Narrative as per reporting format Submitted EMA 94 term (half giving details on activity, results, within 30 days yearly) and issues affecting performance and after the mid Annual Reports variance if any and reason for same and year end and corrections recommended

Annual Professional audit of accounts Within 90 days BBA Financial Audit prepared by a qualified Chartered of the end of Accountant fiscal year

Final Report Project achievements, failures and Submitted EMA impacts within 90 days of end of the project 95

ANNEX I: HARMONIZATION OF CO-FINANCIERS’ SAFEGUARD POLICIES

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010) Objectives

1. Avoid Avoid involuntary resettlement Involuntary resettlement Involuntary resettlement and Avoid involuntary resettlement and adverse involuntary wherever possible should be avoided where loss of means of livelihood are impacts on people and communities, resettlement feasible to be avoided when feasible by wherever feasible. exploring all viable alternatives.

2. Minimize Minimize involuntary resettlement by Minimize involuntary When, after such an If displacement is unavoidable, minimize involuntary exploring project and design resettlement by exploring all examination, avoidance is involuntary resettlement by: resettlement alternatives viable alternative project proved unfeasible, effective (i) exploring alternative project designs; designs measures to minimize impact (ii) Effective measures to minimize impact in and to compensate for losses consultation with the people who are affected. must be agreed upon with the people who will be affected. 96

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010) 3. Mitigate To enhance, or at least restore, the Where it is not feasible to People who must be resettled Where IR is unavoidable, effective measures adverse social livelihoods of all affected persons in avoid resettlement, involuntarily and people whose to mitigate adverse social and economic impacts real terms relative to pre-project resettlement activities should means of livelihood will be impacts on affected persons by: levels; and to improve the standards be conceived and executed as hindered or lost must be of living of the displaced poor and sustainable development sufficiently compensated and (a) providing compensation for loss of assets other vulnerable groups. programs, providing sufficient supported by project proponents at replacement cost; investment resources to etc. in a timely manner. (b) ensuring that resettlement activities are enable the persons displaced implemented with appropriate disclosure of by the project to share in information, consultation, and the informed project benefits. participation of those affected (c) improve or at least restore the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons, and (d) improve living conditions among displaced persons through provision of adequate housing with security of tenure at resettlement sites. Core Principles

1. Identify, assess Screen the project early on to Through census and socio- The impacts to be assessed Assess at an early stage of the project cycle and address the identify past, present and future economic surveys of the with regard to environmental the potential social and economic impacts potential social involuntary resettlement impacts and affected population, identify, and social considerations. caused by involuntary taking of land (e.g. and economic risks. Determine the scope of assess, and address the These also include social relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or impacts resettlement planning through a potential economic and social impacts, including migration of access to assets, loss of income sources or survey and/or census of displaced impacts of the project that are population and involuntary means of livelihood, whether or not the persons, including gender analysis, caused by involuntary taking resettlement, local economy affected person must move to another specifically related to resettlement of land (e.g. relocation or loss such as employment and location) or involuntary restriction of access to impacts and risks of shelter, loss of assets or livelihood, utilization of land and legally designated parks and protected areas access to assets, loss of local resources, social and to determine who will be eligible for income sources or means of institutions such as social compensation and assistance. livelihood, whether or not the capital and local decision- 97

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010) affected person must move to making institutions, existing another location) or social infrastructures and involuntary restriction of services, vulnerable social access to legally designated groups such as poor and parks and protected areas. indigenous peoples, equality of benefits and losses and equality in the development process, gender, children’s rights, cultural heritage, local conflicts of interest, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and working conditions including occupational safety. 2. Prepare Develop resettlement plan on the To address the Project People who must be resettled Preparation of Resettlement Plan or mitigation plans basis of assessment during project impacts, prepare resettlement involuntarily and people whose Resettlement Framework (RF) during Project for affected processing, with the intent that plan plan or a resettlement policy means of livelihood will be processing to mitigate the negative impacts of persons will guide refinements of impact framework prior to Project hindered or lost must be displacement. estimates and mitigating measures appraisal, estimating to the sufficiently compensated and as project parameters are finalized. extent possible the total supported by project proponents The plan will provide estimate of the extent of population to be affected and etc. in a timely manner. total population affected and establish the overall resettlement costs. entitlements of all categories of affected persons (including host communities), with particular attention paid to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable.

3. Consider Explore viable alternative project Assess all viable alternative Involuntary resettlement and Multiple alternative proposals must be alternative designs to avoid and/or minimize project designs to avoid, loss of means of livelihood are examined to avoid or minimize involuntary project design involuntary resettlement. where feasible, or minimize to be avoided when feasible by resettlement and physical, or economic involuntary resettlement. exploring all viable alternatives. displacement and to choose a better project option while balancing environmental social and financial costs and benefits. 98

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010)

4. Involve and Carry out meaningful consultations Consult project-affected Appropriate participation by Consult project-affected persons, host consult with with affected persons, host persons, host communities affected people and their communities and local nongovernmental stakeholders communities, and concerned and local nongovernmental communities must be promoted organizations, as appropriate. Provide them nongovernment organizations. organizations, as appropriate. in the planning, implementation, opportunities to participate in the planning, Inform all displaced persons of their Provide them opportunities to and monitoring of resettlement implementation, and monitoring of the entitlements and resettlement participate in the planning, action plans and measures to resettlement program, especially in the options. Ensure their participation in implementation, and prevent the loss of their means process of developing and implementing the planning, implementation and M&E monitoring of the resettlement of livelihood. procedures for determining eligibility for of resettlement programs. Pay program, especially in the compensation benefits and development particular attention to the needs of process of developing and assistance (as documented in a resettlement the vulnerable groups, especially implementing the procedures plan), and for establishing appropriate and those below poverty line, the for determining eligibility for accessible grievance mechanisms. Pay landless, the elderly, women and compensation benefits and particular attention to the needs of vulnerable children and Indigenous people, and development assistance (as groups among those displaces, especially those without title to land, and documented in a resettlement those below the poverty line, the landless, the ensure their participation in plan), and for establishing elderly, women and children, Indigenous consultations. Establish a grievance appropriate and accessible Peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced redress mechanism to receive and grievance mechanisms. Pay persons who may not be protected through facilitate resolution of the APs particular attention to the national land compensation legislation. concerns. Support the social and needs of vulnerable groups cultural institutions of displaced among those displaces, persons and their host population. especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, Indigenous Peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation. 99

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010) 5. Disclose and Disclose the resettlement plan and Disclose draft resettlement For projects that will result in Disclose the resettlement plan including inform APs of RP other relevant information in a form plans, including large-scale involuntary documentation of the consultation process, in and mitigation and language(s) accessible to key documentation of the resettlement, resettlement a form and language(s) accessible to key measures stakeholders, civil society, consultation process, in a action plans must be prepared stakeholders, civil society, particularly particularly affected groups and the timely manner, before and made available to the affected groups and the general public in an general public. appraisal formally begin, in an public. In preparing a accessible place for a reasonable minimum accessible place and in a form resettlement action plan, period. and language that are consultations must be held with understandable to key the affected people and their stakeholders. communities based on sufficient information made available to them in advance.

6. Support Ensure that the existing social and To the extent possible, the The impacts to be assessed Ensure that the existing social and cultural existing social cultural institutions are supported existing social and cultural with regard to environmental institutions of the resettlers and any host and cultural and used to the extent possible, institutions of resettlers and and social considerations. communities are supported and used to the institutions of including legal, policy and any host communities are These also include social extent possible, including legal, policy and the affected institutional framework of the country preserved and resettlers’ impacts, including social institutional framework of the country to the persons to the extent that the intent and spirit preferences with respect to institutions such as social extent that the intent and spirit of the IR policy of the IR policy is maintained. relocating in pre-existing capital and local decision- is maintained. communities and groups are making institutions, existing honoured. social infrastructures and Projects must be adequately coordinated so services, vulnerable social that they are accepted in manner that is groups such as poor and socially appropriate to the country and locality indigenous peoples. in which the Project is planned.

The SEA should include an assessment of compliance with applicable host country laws, regulations, and permits, and relevant social and environmental impacts and risks of the project. 100

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010)

7. Build capacity Assist in building capacity of DMCs Financing of technical JICA makes efforts to enhance Assist in building capacity of DMCs on best of the on best practice on involuntary assistance to strengthen the the comprehensive capacity of practice on involuntary resettlement planning borrower(s) in IR resettlement planning and capacities of agencies organizations and operations in and implementation implementation implementation responsible for resettlement, order for project proponents or of affected people to etc., to have consideration for Financing of technical assistance to participate more effectively in environmental and social strengthen the capacities of agencies resettlement operations. factors, appropriately and responsible for resettlement, or of affected effectively, at all times people to participate more effectively in resettlement operations.

Project Processing Benchmark

Screening Every development intervention will - Before starting an Every development intervention will be be screened, as early as possible in environmental review of a screened, as early as possible in the project the project cycle, to identify the project, JBIC classifies the cycle, to identify the people who may be people who may be beneficially and project into one of the following beneficially and adversely affected, and to adversely affected, and to determine categories. The subsequent determine the scope of a social assessment the scope of a social assessment to environmental review will then to assess those affects and impacts. assess those affects and impacts. be conducted in accordance with the procedures for that category. JBIC requests the borrowers and related parties to submit the necessary information promptly so that it may perform the screening process at an early stage. 101

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010) Categorization The ADB IR requirements apply to Project displaces fewer than Projects that are likely to have a Categorize impacts by “significance” and full or partial, permanent or 200 people & entails Minor significant adverse impact on define the scale of impacts – both direct and temporary physical displacement Resettlement impacts namely the environment and society are indirect – with particular attention to economic (relocation, loss of residential land, – categorized as “Category A” and livelihood impacts or loss of shelter) and economic a) all the DPs lose less than even if they are not included in Plan mitigations for all types of losses in the displacement (loss of land, assets 10% of their land, regardless the sectors, characteristic, or RP access to assets, income sources, or of the number of APs areas on the list. means of livelihoods) resulting from b) the remainder of their land (i) involuntary restrictions on land is economically viable; use or on access to legally c) they have no need for Sensitive Characteristics designated parks and protected physical relocation (1)Large-scale involuntary areas. resettlement Project that displace more than 200 people and entail major impacts

Social The borrower/client will conduct The impacts to be assessed Social Assessment be conducted as early as Assessment socioeconomic surveys and a with regard to environmental possible, and will specifically consider any census, with appropriate and social considerations. impacts upon particularly poor and vulnerable socioeconomic baseline data to These also include social Affected Persons. identify all persons who will be impacts, including migration of displaced by the project and to population and involuntary assess the project’s socioeconomic resettlement, local economy impacts on them. As part of the such as employment and social impact assessment, the livelihood, utilization of land and borrower will identify individuals and local resources, social groups who may be differentially or institutions such as social disproportionately affected by the capital and local decision- project because of their making institutions, existing disadvantaged or vulnerable status. social infrastructures and 102

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010) services, vulnerable social groups such as poor and indigenous peoples, equality of benefits and losses and equality in the development process, gender, children’s rights, cultural heritage, local conflicts of interest, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and working conditions including occupational safety. Resettlement The borrower will prepare a To cover the direct social and For projects that will result in For all interventions that involve resettlement Plan resettlement plan, if the proposed economic impacts that that large-scale involuntary or physical or economic displacement, a project, will have involuntary are caused by the involuntary resettlement, resettlement resettlement plan will be prepared which will resettlement impacts. The objective taking of land and/or the action plans must be prepared establish the entitlements of all categories of of the involuntary restriction of and made available to the affected persons (including host access to legally designated public. In preparing a communities), with particular attention paid to Resettlement plans will elaborate ob parks and protected areas, resettlement action plan, the needs of the poor and the vulnerable. The displaced persons entitlements, the the borrower will prepare a consultations must be held with RP will lay down appropriate time-bound income and livelihood restoration Resettlement plan or the affected people and their actions and budgets, and the full costs of strategy, institutional arrangements, resettlement policy framework communities based on sufficient resettlement, compensation, and monitoring & reporting framework, . The RP or framework will information made available to rehabilitation will be included in the budget and a time-bound include measures to ensure them in advance. presentation of the costs and benefits of the implementation schedule. that the displaced persons are development intervention. provided assistance during relocation; provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or as required agricultural sites; offered transitional support; provided with development assistance 103

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010) in addition to compensation.

Supervision - The Bank regularly supervises Over a certain period of time, Regular supervision on resettlement resettlement implementation JICA confirms with project implementation to determine compliance with to determine compliance with proponents etc. the results of the resettlement instrument. the resettlement instrument. monitoring the items that have significant environmental impacts. This is done in order to confirm that project proponents etc. are undertaking environmental and social considerations for projects that fall under Categories A, B, and FI. Monitoring The borrower will monitor and The borrower is responsible After projects begin, project The borrower is responsible for adequate measure the progress of for adequate monitoring & proponents etc. monitor whether monitoring & evaluation of the activities set implementation of the resettlement evaluation of the activities set any unforeseeable situations forth in the resettlement instrument. plan. For projects with significant forth in the resettlement occur and whether the It is desirable that the project proponents involuntary resettlement impacts, the instrument. performance and effectiveness monitor: borrower will retain qualified and of mitigation measures are (i) whether any situations that were experienced external experts or consistent with the unforeseeable before the project began have qualified NGOs to verify the assessment’s prediction. They arisen; borrowers monitoring information. then take appropriate measures (ii) the implementation situation and the based on the results of such effectiveness of the mitigation measures The borrower will prepare monitoring. prepared in advance, and that they then take semiannual monitoring reports that appropriate measures based on the results of describe the progress of the such monitoring implementation of the resettlement (iii) involve independent external experts for activities and any compliance issues resettlement monitoring and corrective actions. (iv) monitoring reports must be made public and additional steps to be taken, if required. 104

ADB SPS 2009 JICA Guidelines for Aspect World Bank Environmental and Social Harmonized Policy Considerations (April 2010) Evaluation Assess whether the objectives Mid-term evaluation to assess performance of the resettlement instrument of RP implementation have been achieved, upon completion of the project, Assess whether the objectives of the taking account of the baseline resettlement instrument have been achieved, conditions and the results of upon completion of the project, taking account resettlement monitoring. of the baseline conditions and the results of resettlement monitoring. 105 106

ANNEX II: GAPS AND GAP-FILLING MEASURES IN PADMA MULTIPURPOSE BRIDGE PROJECT (PMBP)

GOB 1982 Gaps between Safeguard Measures Ordinance II and Harmonized Policy Adopted in PMBP Aspect Harmonized Policy other applicable and GOB laws/Guidelines Objectives 1. Avoid Avoid involuntary Avoidance of Gaps with regard to Padma RF adheres to involuntary resettlement and resettlement is not this principle to avoid this principle - i.e., avoid resettlement adverse impacts on specifically resettlement impact resettlement impacts people and mentioned in the thru alternative where feasible communities, 1982 Ordinance – options. wherever feasible. focus on mitigation than avoidance.

2. Minimize If displacement is The law only Section 3/under 1982 - Minimize displacement involuntary unavoidable, implicitly discourages Ordinance requires of people as much as resettlement minimize involuntary unnecessary and notification only; no possible by exploring all resettlement by – excess land consultation is viable design (i) exploring acquisition, as required alternatives. alternative project excess land remains - If unavoidable, provide designs; idle and unused and for prompt payment of (ii) effective lands acquired for just compensation, measures to one purpose cannot replacement cost (for minimize impact in be used for a lost assets and income) consultation with the different purpose. and rehabilitation and people who are Land that remains livelihood assistance, affected. unused should be towards better condition returned to the than before relocation original owner(s). for all displaced households, regardless of (land) tenure. Unused land be returned back to the original owners through de- acquisition.

3. Mitigate Where IR is The mitigation Only cash-based Provision for adverse unavoidable, measures are cash compensation for replacement value for social effective measures compensation only acquired assets. The assets lost (i.e., land, impacts to mitigate adverse for lost assets. The impacts of loss of land, structures, trees etc.) at social and economic complexities of houses and the need replacement cost. impacts on affected resettlement is not for resettlement are Resettlement in project- persons by: addressed by the not considered. sponsored sites with (a) providing Ordinance civic amenities. compensation for Separate Livelihood and loss of assets at Income Restoration Plan replacement cost; RPs to be disclosed to (b) ensuring that the community and resettlement available in Bangla. activities are implemented with The “good practices” are 107

GOB 1982 Gaps between Safeguard Measures Ordinance II and Harmonized Policy Adopted in PMBP Aspect Harmonized Policy other applicable and GOB laws/Guidelines appropriate derived from the disclosure of Jamuna resettlement information, “model.” consultation, and the informed participation of those affected (c) improve or at least restore the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons, and (d) improve living conditions among displaced persons through provision of adequate housing with security of tenure at resettlement sites.

Core Principles

1. Identify, Assess at an early The 1982 Ordinance Impact assessments RF requires assess and stage of the project requires preparation are typically done in identification of impacts address the cycle the potential of a Land Acquisition the case of externally caused by displacement potential social and economic Plan (LAP) for land funded projects; whether or not through social and impacts caused by acquisition and otherwise, a land land acquisition economic involuntarily taking of compensation acquisition plan is (maintaining the impacts land (e.g. relocation purposes. However prepared for principle that lack of or loss of shelter, GOB environmental acquisition purposes. formal title to land loss of assets or rules/guidelines Project impacts on should not be a bar to access to assets, (1997) synchronize properties, livelihoods compensation and loss of income various applicable and employment, resettlement sources or means of laws and policy health and assistance), including livelihood frameworks of the environment are number of affected country for early discussed in IEE/EIA persons. The identification of reports, but do not Framework also impacts on provide enough addresses both direct biophysical, information to and indirect impacts. socioeconomic and determine losses and cultural environment basis for of a project compensation. intervention and their Existing laws do not mitigation. have provision for Requires the identification of assessment of indigenous people to technical alternatives, recognize their including the no particular problem and 108

GOB 1982 Gaps between Safeguard Measures Ordinance II and Harmonized Policy Adopted in PMBP Aspect Harmonized Policy other applicable and GOB laws/Guidelines action alternative to inconveniences due to minimize adverse a project. environmental impacts, include impact on human health and safety. EIA identifies measures to minimize the problems and recommends ways to improve the projects sustainability. 2. Prepare Preparation of The Deputy Existing law and Padma RF requires full mitigation Resettlement Plan or Commissioners methods of census and/or updating, plans for Resettlement (DCs) have the assessment do not where possible, for up- affected Framework (RF) mandate in their ensure full to-date database. RPs persons during Project respective jurisdiction replacement cost of will be developed on the processing to as per law to acquire property at current updated survey data mitigate the negative land for any requiring market price. impacts of person (public The law does not Provide guidelines to displacement. agency or private consider resettlement ensure displaced person). The or rehabilitation of persons and The plan will provide requiring body affected persons or communities’ estimate of the requests the Deputy their loss of income or compensation for lost extent of total Commissioners for livelihood resources. assets at full population affected acquisition of land for “Market value” of replacement costs and and establish their project/scheme. property is often found other assistance to help entitlements of all DCs investigate low in respect of them improve or at least categories of physically the current market price, it restore their standard of affected persons requirement of land can be raised, if living at pre-project (including host and carry out Joint appealed, by a level. Includes special communities), with Verifications of maximum of 10 attention to gender and particular attention assets and type of percent each time preparation of gender paid to the needs of land for assessing which in most case is action plan the poor and the the quantity of losses not sufficient to match vulnerable. (u/s 8(1) of the law). with real market price. Affected titled holders receive the assessed value and 50% on that for compulsory acquisition Fair compensation is required for acquisition of land which is dependent on recorded data with relevant government agencies (sub- 109

GOB 1982 Gaps between Safeguard Measures Ordinance II and Harmonized Policy Adopted in PMBP Aspect Harmonized Policy other applicable and GOB laws/Guidelines registrar’s office for land, PWD for structure, DAE for crops, DOF for trees, etc.). Affected owners have the right to appeal on acquisition or on the compensation amounts determined as per law. 3. Consider Multiple alternative Feasibility studies No specific laws for Padma RF considers alternative proposals must be including social, considering project feasible alternative project examined to avoid or political, cultural and design to avoid or project design to avoid design minimize involuntary environmental impact minimize involuntary or at least minimize resettlement and assessments, resettlement. physical or economic physical, or detailed engineering Feasibility study displacement, while economic surveys as basis for considers cost-benefit balancing displacement and to acquisition of private more from technical environmental, social, choose a better property or rights. than socio-cultural technical and financial project option while considerations. costs and benefits. balancing environmental social and financial costs and benefits.

4. Involve Consult project- The 1982 Ordinance There is no provision Padma RF has and consult affected persons, have provisions in the law for provisions for with host communities (Section 3 and 3/2 ) consulting the community consultation stakeholders and local to notify the owners stakeholders but the and public disclosure of nongovernmental of property to be land allocation impacts as well as organizations, as acquired. committees at district, mitigation measures, appropriate. Provide division and central including disclosure of them opportunities to Any party having any government level. Resettlement Plan. participate in the objections can People have limited Further, grievances planning, appear to DC for a scope to negotiate with redressal procedures implementation, and hearing with 15 days the government on the involving cross-section monitoring of the of notification. price of land, but have of people, including resettlement no right to refuse representative of program, especially acquisition. affected persons, have in the process of been established for developing and accountability and implementing the democratization of the procedures for development process determining eligibility for compensation benefits and development assistance (as 110

GOB 1982 Gaps between Safeguard Measures Ordinance II and Harmonized Policy Adopted in PMBP Aspect Harmonized Policy other applicable and GOB laws/Guidelines documented in a resettlement plan), and for establishing appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms. Pay particular attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaces, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, Indigenous Peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation.

5. Disclose Disclosure takes place Padma RF requires Disclose the The 1982 Ordinance and inform in case of donor- disclosure of Draft RPs resettlement plan requires a “notice” to APs of RP funded projects. to the affected including be published at and communities in a form or documentation of the convenient places on mitigation language(s) that are consultation or near the property measures understandable to key process, in a form in a prescribed form stakeholders, civil and language(s) and manner stating society, particularly accessible to key that the property is affected groups and the stakeholders, civil proposed to be general public in a society, particularly acquired (u/section national workshop. affected groups and 3). Further, updated RPs the general public in will be disclosed based an accessible place on material changes as for a reasonable a result of the concerns minimum period. of affected families.

6. Support Ensure that the No provision in any Jamuna resettlement existing existing social and existing laws. established this as a social and cultural institutions of “good practice” in cultural the resettlers and resettlement operation. --- institutions any host Affected households of the communities are were given options for affected supported and used relocation in accordance persons to the extent with their choices and 111

GOB 1982 Gaps between Safeguard Measures Ordinance II and Harmonized Policy Adopted in PMBP Aspect Harmonized Policy other applicable and GOB laws/Guidelines possible, including support available from legal, policy and existing social networks. institutional Host –resettlers’ relation framework of the was enhanced by country to the extent providing civic amenities that the intent and and infrastructure spirit of the IR policy services to the host is maintained. villages. Padma RF has Projects must be similar provisions to adequately enhance carrying coordinated so that capacity of the host they are accepted in villages in post- manner that is relocation period. socially appropriate to the country and locality in which the Project is planned. The SEA should include an assessment of compliance with applicable host country laws, regulations, and permits, and relevant social and environmental impacts and risks of the project.

Supervision For all interventions No provision in the There is no law or Resettlement that involve 1982 Ordinance. directives on the supervision in the resettlement or supervision of the land Padma will follow the physical or economic acquisition process by Jamuna model with co- displacement, a Deputy Commissioner. financiers’ periodic resettlement plan will “milestone” meeting, be prepared. The RP supervision by CSC will lay down safeguard specialist, appropriate time- mid-term review of bound actions and resettlement budgets, and the full performance and regular costs of supervision of resettlement, resettlement operations compensation, and by the Resettlement Unit rehabilitation will be of BBA. included in the presentation of the costs and benefits of the development 112

GOB 1982 Gaps between Safeguard Measures Ordinance II and Harmonized Policy Adopted in PMBP Aspect Harmonized Policy other applicable and GOB laws/Guidelines intervention.

Monitoring Regular supervision The 1982 Ordinance Existing laws not have Padma RF has provision on resettlement II has provision that any provision for for internal, external implementation to the DC will monitor rehabilitation of project monitoring, plus periodic determine and submit a affected persons and monitoring by compliance with the statement to the therefore, no independent POE to be resettlement Government annually monitoring is done. hired by co-financiers’ instrument. about the properties fund. Monitoring results acquired for different will be shared and requiring bodies and findings will be used for mode of utilization of enhancement, if needed. the land.

Evaluation The borrower is No provision for CSC Safeguard responsible for evaluations of the Specialist will conduct adequate monitoring post-displaced lives annual evaluation of the & evaluation of the of the affected performance of activities set forth in households and resettlement operations the resettlement communities as well as impacts of instrument. resettlement during and It is desirable that after implementation of the project resettlement plans to proponents monitor: assess resettlement (i) whether any efficiency, effectiveness, situations that were impacts, and unforeseeable sustainability. POE will before the project also conduct evaluations began have arisen; to reflect broadly on the (ii) the success or weaknesses implementation in RP implementation situation and the and “lessons learned.” effectiveness of the mitigation measures prepared in advance, and that they then take appropriate measures based on the results of such monitoring (iii) involve independent external experts for resettlement monitoring (iv) Monitoring reports must be 113

GOB 1982 Gaps between Safeguard Measures Ordinance II and Harmonized Policy Adopted in PMBP Aspect Harmonized Policy other applicable and GOB laws/Guidelines made public and additional steps to be taken, if required. 114

ANNEX III: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR ILRP COORDINATING NGO

IMPLEMENTATION OF INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PLAN (ILRP)

A. PROJECT BACKGROUND

1. In order to provide direct connection between the central and southwestern part of the country, Government of Bangladesh (GOB) intends construction of a bridge on the mighty River Padma on Mawa- Jajira points and has undertaken the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (the Project). This project is co- financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts – Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable, and power transmission lines on the bridge. A pre-feasibility study72 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS)73 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design74 and construction plan for the bridge. As a high “priority” project of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of the bridge in September 2010.

2. According to the most recent studies and estimates75, a total of 12,000 households will be affected by the project. This includes 8000 households (HH) losing land, 3000 HHs losing structures and 1000 experiencing indirect or secondary impacts - for example loss of businesses by vendors, shop owners, boat operators, beggars, porters, etc76 due to closure of ferries in Mawa and Janjira sides. All in all, it is anticipated that about 75,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. As a result an estimated 5506 households will be experiencing direct and indirect impact on their livelihoods affecting their usual living standards. Restoration of income of those affected to pre-project level is thus one of the most important tasks in resettlement management. The Project recognizes diminishing income and dislocation of livelihoods during and after relocation. As a result, in addition to providing compensation and resettlement benefits, an income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) will be implemented for income and livelihood restoration of those affected.

B. OBJECTIVES OF THE ILRP 3. The main objective of the ILRP is to enhance or at least restore the income level of the livelihood affected people in the post relocation periods. The specific objectives of implementation of ILRP include the following:  Identify potential livelihood opportunities that the target population can explore;  Identify actions to help the target population access these opportunities;  Facilitate likely partnerships between target population, local NGOs, and the public and private sector for market access, skills training, jobs and production.  Facilitate capital support for undertaking income generating activities by the target population.  Provide technical support for business planning, management and operation by the target population.

72 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February 2000. 73 Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh – Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 74 ADB Loan BAN: 35049-02 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), 2009. 75 BIDS Census Survey, September 2009 76 Bangladesh Bridge Authority, 2006, Resettlement Action Plan, Dhaka, April 115

C. STRATEGY FOR INCOME RESTORATION

4. The project will adopt a twofold approach for income restoration. The first phase will be short term to give immediate relief to affected households so as to meet their livelihood needs and whereas the second phase will be a long term one focusing on ensuring sustainable livelihood for affected households.

C.1. Short-Term Income Restoration Measures

5. The short-term income restoration measures will be for immediate assistance and will include the following measures:

 Compensation for land and other lost assets is paid in full prior to relocation.  Temporary or short-term employment in construction activities at the resettlement or project construction sites; and  Special assistance, appropriate to vulnerable groups such as women, the aged and the disabled.  Assistance for small enterprises, which are farm based, non-farm based and river based. 6. Local people whose livelihood is impacted by the project will also get preference in jobs associated with the project construction. The jobs, in the semi-skilled and unskilled category, shall be offered to the APs on a preferential basis.

C.2. Long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP)

7. Long-term income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) for post-relocation activities will be designed and implemented over a period of 10 years. The ILRP will be designed through identification of target group beneficiaries (TGBs) and assessing the needs and feasibility of potential income generating activities.

8. In order to ensure smooth implementation of the ILRP, a Social Development Fund (SDF) will be created by the Project. Allocation for the same has been included in the Project budgets. The SDF will be used for extending the following support to the affected households:  Working capital  Capacity building support and human resource cost required implementing the program.  Business development services  Market Linkages  Skill development  Women entrepreneurs  Collective Enterprises  Farm based inputs and extension services.

D. SCOPE OF WORK

9. While the Short-term income restoration support will be provided under the scope of the RAP and will be undertaken by the RAP implementing NGO, this ToRs are for engagement of experienced national NGOs who can design and coordinate the implementation of the long-term ILRP.

10. The Coordinating-NGO (CNGO) will be selected from willing national NGOs. The CNGO will identify local level NGOs having long presence in the area and skills to implement the ILRP. The CNGO will guide and build the capacity of local NGOs for effective implementation. The entire focus will “result based” and on achievement of results. After completion of income & livelihood restoration program, the 116 local NGOs will support the local communities in capacity building ensuring sustainability of the various programs. Both the CNGO and partner NGOs will be engaged by BBA. The CNGO will specifically undertake the following activities to implement the ILRP:

(a) Review the baseline data on existing livelihood pattern and opportunities, and the preferences on alternative occupations and livelihood activities created by BIDS survey and recheck viability of options for alternative income generation ventures/occupations to fit with the capacity, age and gender of the potential TGPs and their access to market. (b) 100% household survey for skills assessment of the members of livelihood affected households by age and gender. (c) Design and carry out feasibility study of alternative occupations considering the demand and saturation level, and capacity and vulnerability of TGPs. (d) Review the potentials for trading, fish cultivation, tourism, design stitching, garments making, cash crop cultivation, farming, etc. as appropriate. (e) Identify the potential members of affected families for bringing them under the ILRP. (f) Analyze market to generate information for affected persons on potential market opportunities. (g) Assess labor market potential and opportunities by gathering national data and incorporating district level studies on the same issue. (h) Identify local level NGOs to partner field plan and implementation of the ILRP and recommend a short list of NGOs for selection as local partner NGO. (i) Identify organizations/NGOs and buyers at the district level and in Dhaka those provide job training and/or business development services. (j) Prepare an inventory of agencies and/or companies looking for unskilled and skilled labour and update the inventory on a regular basis. (k) Identify and negotiate international buyers and NGOs that may opt for handicrafts, garments, and agro-product purchase from the entrepreneurs and artisans at the resettlement sites, charland, and host areas. (l) Disseminate information on training opportunities, job opportunities, market opportunities to the livelihood groups. (m) Organize national level workshop on livelihood and linkage development. (n) Link beneficiaries for marketing products and/or services or help them establish new networks. (o) Assess needs and process disbursement and recovery of credits from the individuals and livelihood groups as appropriate. (p) Prepare micro-plan for individuals or livelihood groups for training and investment for approval from the BBA for implementation. (q) Prepare business plan, provide capital support and supervise income generation activities integrating buyers and outside entrepreneurs, feasible occupations and trades and production. (r) Monitoring, identification of weaknesses and devise and take corrective measures.

E. TEAM COMPOSITION 11. Expertise on livelihood assessment, employment generation and investment are the basic requirement for effective implementation of the ILRP. The willing NGOs should hence apply its staff resources with the field of specialization and skills as shown in Table 2. 117

Table 1. Professional Staff with Qualification and Experience Position/expertise Qualification and experience 1. Team Leader/ Masters in economics/management with 10 years working background in Social Development similar fields including needs assessment, skills based training, human Specialist resource development, formation of groups, community mobilization, identification of livelihoods for poor target beneficiaries and managing micro-credit. Knowledge of government targets and programs on poverty reduction, women empowerment and participation will be an added qualification. Past experience in development induced or disaster driven relocation and resettlement is required. 2. Livelihood Specialist The consultant should have a master’s degree in social science and a minimum of 10 years experience in participatory development field. S/he should have experience in dealing with the private sector, and linkage development and marketing. Individuals with specific experience in planning and implementation of small scale / micro enterprise projects in private sector. 3. Agriculture The consultant should have a master’s degree from agriculture Extension and college/univerty with minimum of 10 years experience as agriculture Development extension officer. The tasks include assessment of local farming Specialist practices, needs of the affected farmers, development of crop diversification, marketing in liaision with district/upazila agricultural extension officers. 4. NGO Operation Masters in management/development studies/sociology/ economics with Specialist 5 years past experience in dealing with NGOs in any public and private sector organizations. Persons having 10 years working experience in large NGOs in joint venture projects are also eligible. The incumbent should be capable of assessing the performance of NGOs and monitor their activities for livelihood generation activities. 5. Gender Specialist Masters in social science with 15 years working experience in relevant field; Thorough knowledge of gender issues and their implications in development projects; research and work experience relating to gender issues; and knowledge of techniques and their applications in mobilizing community participation in development programs. 6. Financial/Investment Masters in finance, accounting, with 10 years experience or chartered Analyst accountant/cost accountant with 5 years practical experience in project formulation, investment design and project management.

12. In addition, the CNGO shall use the staff resources over 10 years period including support staff as indicated in the Table 2 below: Table 2 Team Composition and Staff Inputs Position No. Duration (In years) Total Input (man-month) 1. Team Leader 1 10 40 2. Livelihood Specialist 2 10 80 3. Agriculture Extension and Development Specialist 2 10 80 118

4. NGO Operation Specialist 1 10 40 5. Gender Specialist 1 10 20 6. Financial/Investment Analyst 1 5 20 7. Field Workers 8 10 320 8. Accountant 1 10 120 9. Office Assistant 2 10 240

F. TIME FRAME AND REPORTING

13. The CNGO will be employed over a period of 10 years, with intermittent inputs from the professional team, to synchronize project activities and ensure sustainable income restoration by the affected persons. The CNGO will partner local NGOs for the similar duration. A post evaluation will be carried out after one year of completion of the ILRP in the field.

14. The ILRP must include concrete actions for income restoration, including budget, timetables, responsibility for implementation, economic assumptions and risks and contingency arrangements. The Reports will include, but not limited, to the following:

1. Inception Report:

 A review of current socioeconomic conditions of the AP including income baseline, if existing data is not sufficient, carry out supplementary socio-economic survey  A summary of APs’ preferences for training and income restoration (indicating description of methods used to elicit APs’ views)  A summary of potential training and income restoration programs (based on identified economic activities and opportunities prevalent in the area) and options available to APs and of the process of matching APs to particular programs or activities  A gender strategy for the Program.

2. Income & Livelihood Restoration Program Plan

 Detailed feasibility studies of the technical, economic, financial and institutional viability of the proposed income restoration programs77, including realistic estimation of incomes to be received by participating APs and the number of APs that can participate in each activity  A time-bound plan on specific programs for poor and vulnerable APs  A time-bound plan for development of human resources (appropriate trainings which have an established employment demand)  A time-bound plan on job creation and provision of access to capital for small enterprise, , and agro-industry)  Arrangements and indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of training and income restoration programs and for modifying plans found to be ineffective  Implementation Arrangements including specific tasks and responsibilities for partner NGOs/agencies and of local authorities and concerned agencies to be involved in the program  Budget and Implementation Schedule

77 Can be existing or planned programs of the Government, NGOs, and other agencies within the project area with appropriate strategies to link up with or expand such programs. 119

3. Progress Reports (on a Quarterly basis)

15. The content will include progress based on arrangements and monitoring indicators as set out in the income restoration plan report. It will also include satisfaction of APs, problems encountered and strategies or resolutions agreed on.

4. Completion Report

16. It will include concise history of the program, evaluation of the implementation, including financial audit statements.

5. Post-Evaluation Report

17. It will include post-evaluation of the implementation, case studies, conclusion and lessons learned.

G. QUALIFICATIONS OF A CNGO

18. Interested NGOs having experience in preparing and implementing (i) income restoration and livelihood restoration plan successfully will be short-listed through inviting expression of interest. Interesting NGOs will submit their expression of interests with statement of their capacity in terms of past experience in similar fields and available resources/expertise for qualifying the work for income restoration of affected persons. The stated experience must reflect gender perspective and experience to deal with the poor and vulnerable groups.

19. Proposals will be invited from the short-listed NGOs with a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and relevant information concerning previous experience on monitoring of resettlement implementation and preparation of reports.

20. The profile of consultant organization along with full CVs of professional staff members to be engaged must be submitted along with the proposal.

H. BUDGET AND LOGISTICS

21. The budget should include all expenses such as staff salary, office accommodation, training, computer/software, transport, field expenses and other logistics necessary for field activities, data collection, processing and analysis for monitoring and evaluation work. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the proposed and negotiated budget will not be entertained. VAT, Income Tax and other charges admissible will be deducted at source as per GOB laws.

(Engr. Rafiqul Islam) Project Director Project Management Office (PMO) Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Dhaka 120

ANNEX IV: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EXTERNAL MONITORING AGENCY (EMA)

A. PROJECT BACKGROUND

1. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project will provide direct connectivity between the central and southwestern part of the country through a fixed link on the Padma River. This Project is co-financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts – Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable, and power transmission lines on the bridge. A pre-feasibility study78 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS)79 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design80 and construction plan for the bridge. As a high “priority” project of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of the bridge in September 2010.

2. According to the most recent studies and estimates,81 a total of 12,000 households will be affected by the project. This includes 8000 households (HH) losing land, 3000 losing structures and 1000 experiencing indirect or secondary impacts - for example loss of businesses by vendors, shop owners, boat operators, beggars, porters 82 due to closure of ferries in Mawa and Janjira sides. All in all, it is anticipated that about 75,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. A land acquisition and resettlement policy framework (RPF) has been adopted harmonizing the co-financiers safeguards requirements and the national legislations on land acquisition. Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) have been prepared for phase-wise Project components in line with the accelerated design process for compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration of the affected people. 3. BBA has already mobilsed an implementing NGO (INGO) to implement the RAPs for phase-wise components. The INGO will implement the RAPs as per the resettlement policy, ensure stakeholders participation as per the project need, and provide technical assistance for compensation and assistance to the APs. A monitoring mechanism has also been framed and adopted in the RAPs involving the BBA, the INGO, consultants and the co-financiers. 4. BBA seeks to engage an independent External Monitoring Agency (EMA) to review the internal monitoring and undertake third party monitoring & evaluation of the RAP implementation process for the Government of Bangladesh and the co-financiers.

B. KEY OBJECTIVE OF EXTERNAL MONITORING 5. Monitoring is an integral part of the resettlement process. As part of this Project, a three-tier monitoring system has been designed to monitor and evaluate the progress of the Social Action Plan. These 3-levels comprise of: a) Internal monitoring at EA level involving the INGO and BBA-RU field

78 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February 2000. 79 Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh – Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 80 ADB Loan BAN: 35049-02 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), 2009. 81 BIDS Census Survey, September 2009 82 Bangladesh Bridge Authority, 2006, Resettlement Action Plan, Dhaka, April 121 offices; b) monitoring by project construction supervision consultant (CSC) and c) independent external monitoring. The primary objective for engaging an independent external monitor is to review the efficacy of internal monitoring, design and conduct periodic third party monitoring and feedback BBA and co- financiers on policy improvement and enhancement of implementation process. The External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will review implementation process as per set policies in the RAPs and assess the achievement of resettlement objectives, the changes in living standards and livelihoods, restoration of the economic and social base of the affected people, the effectiveness, impact and sustainability of entitlements, the need for further mitigation measures if any, and to learn strategic lessons for future policy formulation and planning.

C. SCOPE OF WORK 6. The scope of work of the External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will include the following tasks: (1) To develop specific monitoring indicators for undertaking monitoring for Resettlement Action Plans (RAP), Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), Gender Action Plan (GAP) and Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP). (2) To review and verify the progress in land acquisition/resettlement implementation of the Project. (3) Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the land acquisition/resettlement objectives and approaches, implementation strategies. (4) Evaluate and assess the adequacy of compensation given to the APs and the livelihood opportunities and incomes as well as the quality of life of APs of project-induced changes. (5) Identification of the categories of impacts and evaluation of the quality and timeliness of delivering entitlements (compensation and rehabilitation measures) for each category and how the entitlements were used and their impact and adequacy to meet the specified objectives of the Plans. The quality and timeliness of delivering entitlements, and the sufficiency of entitlements as per approved policy. (6) To analyze the pre-and post-project socio-economic conditions of the affected people. In the absence of baseline socio-economic data on income and living standards, and given the difficulty of APs having accurate recollection of their pre-project income and living standards, develop some quality checks on the information to be obtained from the APs. Such quality checks could include verification by neighbors and local village leaders. The methodology for assessment should be very explicit, noting any qualifications. (7) Review results of internal monitoring and verify claims through sampling check at the field level to assess whether land acquisition/resettlement objectives have been generally met. Involve the affected people and community groups in assessing the impact of land acquisition for monitoring and evaluation purposes. (8) To monitor and assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the consultative process with affected APs, particularly those vulnerable, including the adequacy and effectiveness of grievance procedures and legal redress available to the affected parties, and dissemination of information about these. (9) Identify, quantify, and qualify the types of conflicts and grievances reported and resolved and the consultation and participation procedures. (10) Provide a summary of whether involuntary resettlement was implemented (a) in accordance with the RAPs, and (b) in accordance with the stated policy. 122

(11) To review the quality and suitability of the relocation sites from the perspective of the both affected and host communities. (12) Verify expenditure & adequacy of budget for resettlement activities. (13) Describe any outstanding actions that are required to bring the resettlement activities in line with the policy and the RP. Describe further mitigation measures needed to meet the needs of any affected person or families judged and/or perceiving themselves to be worse off as a result of the Project. Provide a timetable and define budget requirements for these supplementary mitigation measures. (14) Describe any lessons learned that might be useful in developing the new national resettlement policy and legal/institutional framework for involuntary resettlement.

D. METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH 7. The general approach to be used is to monitor activities and evaluate impacts ensuring participation of all stakeholders especially women and vulnerable groups. Monitoring tools should include both quantitative and qualitative methods. The external monitor should reach out to cover:  100% APs who had property, assets, incomes and activities severely affected by Project works and had to relocate either to resettlement sites or who chose to self-relocate, or whose source of income was severely affected.  10% of persons who had property, assets, incomes and activities marginally affected by Project works and did not have to relocate;  10% of those affected by off-site project activities by contractors and sub-contractors, including employment, use of land for contractor's camps, pollution, public health etc.; 8. Supplemented by Focused Group Discussions (FGD) which would allow the monitors to consult a range of stakeholders (local government, resettlement field staff, NGOs, community leaders, and, most importantly, APs), community public meetings: Open public meetings at resettlement sites to elicit information about performance of various resettlement activities.

F. OTHER STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITY

1. Responsibility of BBA 9. Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) through its Project Management Office at headquarters and in the RU-field offices will ensure timely supply of background references, data and project options to the independent monitor. It will ensure uninterrupted access to work sites, relevant offices of the GOB and BBA in particular. The independent external monitor will sit in quarterly coordination meetings with the BBA in presence of the supervision consultant and the BBA should organize that at PMO or Field level as appropriate. Recommendation based on the result of the monitoring should be offered to BBA to cover up the deficiencies identified by the external monitor. BBA will accept the recommendations of the external monitor if it is within the scope of work and there is nothing incorrect in the report.

2. Responsibility of Supervision Consultant 10. The supervision consultant will provide appropriate protocol at site or at its Project Office for the mission of the EMA. It will on behalf of BBA ensure free access to work sites, impact areas and the database on resettlement and civil works. The supervision consultant will ensure timely intimation of its 123 civil works planning as and when made or updated during the construction period and keep the external monitoring and evaluation consultant informed.

3. Responsibility of the Implementing NGO 11. The RAP implementing NGO will assist and cooperate the external monitor through providing free access to its database and the automated management information system (MIS). It will provide copies of the progress reports and other reports as requested by the external monitor. The INGO may have to carry out surveys as well for fulfilment of the requirements of the external monitoring.

4. Co-financiers’ Panel of Experts (POE) 12. The POE will keep closer look into the activities of the external monitor in light of the social safeguard strategy and the involuntary resettlement guideline. It will ensure timely response from the EA on queries and recommendations from the independent monitor.

F. TEAM COMPOSITION OF THE EXTERNAL MONITORING AGENCY 13. The EMA should focus on field based research on institutional arrangement, implementation strategy, policy objectives, and the targets. Data collection, processing and analysis to pin point problem areas and weaknesses, and to light on deserving measures to achieve the objectives on schedule are the special interest of the subject. Thus, there is a need for a dedicated monitoring team with adequate gender representation. Further, it is essential that the central team or field level coordinators responsible for monitoring, are skilled and trained in data base management, interview technique, and social and economic/finance. Keeping in mind these criteria, the team should ideally include:

Position/expertise Qualification and experience 1. Team Leader/ Masters in social science with 15 years working background in Implementation planning, implementation and monitoring of involuntary Specialist resettlement for infrastructure projects. Experience in institutional capacity analysis and implementation arrangement for preparation and implementation of resettlement plans, and knowledge in latest social safeguard policies of the international development financing institutions in Bangladesh are preferred. 2. Social Impact Masters in social science with 15 years working experience in Specialist social impact assessment including census and socioeconomic surveys, stakeholders’ consultation, and analyzing social impacts to identify mitigation measures in compliance with social safeguard policies of the international development financing institutions and national legislations. Experience of preparing resettlement framework and action plans and implementation of plans for externally financed projects is essential. 3. Gender Specialist Masters in social science with 15 years working experience in relevant field; Thorough knowledge of gender issues and their implications in development projects; research and work experience relating to gender issues; and knowledge of techniques and their applications in mobilizing community 124

participation in development programs. 4. Data Analyst Graduate with working experience and knowledge of software, preferably relational, those are most commonly used in Bangladesh; demonstrated ability to design and implement automated MIS(s) for monitoring progress, comparing targets with achieved progress and the procedural steps.

G. TIME FRAME AND REPORTING 14. The EMA will be employed over a period of 5 years with intermittent inputs from the professional team to continue one year after completion of the RAP implementation. 15. Quarterly and annual monitoring reports should be submitted to the BBA with copies to the international co-financiers. An evaluation report at the end of the project should be submitted to the BBA and concerned parties with critical analysis of the achievement of the program and performance of BBA and INGO. 16. The external monitors will provide monitoring and evaluation report covering the following aspects:  Whether the resettlement activities have been completed as planned and budgeted;  The extent to which the specific objectives and the expected outcomes/results have been achieved and the factors affecting their achievement or non achievement;  The extent to which the overall objective of the Resettlement Plan, pre project or improved social and economic status, livelihood status, have been achieved and the reasons for achievement / non achievement;  Major areas of improvement and key risk factors;  Major lessons learnt; and  Recommendations. 17. Formats for collection and presentation of monitoring data will be designed in consultation with BBA, consultants and panel of experts.

H. QUALIFICATION OF THE EXTERNAL MONITORING AGENCY 18. The EMA will have at least 10 years of experience in resettlement policy analysis and implementation of resettlement plans. Further, work experience and familiarity with all aspects of resettlement operations would be desirable. NGOs, Consulting Firms or University Departments (consultant organization) having requisite capacity and experience as follows can qualify for services of and external monitor for the project. a. NGOs registered with the Social Welfare Department of the GOB, Consulting Firms registered with the Joint Stock Company or Departments of any recognized university. b. The applicant should have prior experience in social surveys in land based infrastructure projects and preparation of resettlement plans (RP, RAP, LARP) as per guidelines on involuntary resettlement of any of the ADB, World Bank, JICA, DAC-OECD. 125

c. The applicant should have extensive experience in implementation and monitoring of resettlement plans, preparation of implementation tools, and development and operation of automated MIS for monitoring. d. The applicant should be able to produce evidences of monitoring using structured instruments and computerized MIS with set criteria for measuring achievement. e. The applicant should have adequate manpower with capacity and expertise in the field of planning, implementation and monitoring of involuntary resettlement projects as per donor's guidelines. 19. Interested agencies should submit proposal for the work with a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and relevant information concerning previous experience on monitoring of resettlement implementation and preparation of reports. 20. The profile of consultant agency, along with full CVs of the team to be engaged, must be submitted along with the proposal.

I. BUDGET AND LOGISTICS 21. The budget should include all expenses such as staff salary, office accommodation, training, computer/software, transport, field expenses and other logistics necessary for field activities, data collection, processing and analysis for monitoring and evaluation work. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the proposed and negotiated budget will not be entertained. VAT, Income Tax and other charges admissible will be deducted at source as per GOB laws.

(Engr. Rafiqul Islam) Project Director Project Management Office (PMO) Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Dhaka 126

ANNEX-V: DETAIL LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT BUDGET - RAP-III

Category of losses Unit Quantity Rate Amount in Sub-total Sl. (District BDT No. average) A. Replacement Value of Land Homestead land dec. 1 8,423.36 110,736 932,769,332 Agricultural land dec. 2 76,596.17 57,380 4,395,118,295 Vita dec. 3 1,911.90 111,944 214,024,836 Water-body dec. 4 2,820.04 23,403 65,997,309 Fallow land dec. 5 16,890.79 22,597 381,689,461 Stamp duty and Registration fees dec. 6 @ 15% of Price 898,439,885 6,888,039,117 Standing Crops for acquired dec. 465.88 B. land 76,596.17 35,684,782 35,684,782 C. I. Price of Structures katcha sft. 170 1 371,555 63,092,490 Semi pucca sft. 2 61,149 1,229 75,172,833 Pucca sft. 3 48,262 1,565 75,544,064 Tin sft. 719 4 1,035,885 745,194,006 Thached sft. 69 5 119,530 8,264,252 967,267,645 D. Price of Trees I. Timber trees no. 73,671 4,019 296,119,768 II. Fruit-bearing trees no. 82,801 1,948 161,268,383 268 III. Bamboo no. 101,319 27,142,666 444 IV. Banana no. 109,095 48,403,287 532,934,104 E. Dislocation Allowance 1 Homestead land dec. 14595.23 115 1,684,672 2 Agricultural land dec. 138216.26 55 7,659,617 3 Vita dec. 3270.28 117 382,379 4 Water-body dec. 4749.81 282,004 5 Fallow land dec. 25668.24 66 1,689,079 11,697,751 F. Reconstruction Grant (RG) Residential structure with tittle to sft. 10

1 land 579,644 5,796,440 16,691,325 Household and Other Physical sft. 15 2 structure without title to land 65,503 982,545 127

Other Physical structure without sft. 991234 10 3 title to land 9,912,340 G. Transfer Grant (TG) Residential structure with tittle to sft. 579644 7 1 land 4,057,508 Household and Other Physical sft. 65503 10 2 structure without title to land 655,030 Household and Other Physical sft. 991234 7 3 6,938,638 structure without title to land 11,651,176 H. One Time Special Assistance Female Headed and Disabled 1103 1 no. 5,515,000 Households Hardcore poor HH 5,000 Moving assistant for owner 756 2 no. 3,780,000 operated commercial premises 5,000 9,295,000 I. Income Restoration Grant I. Loss of Income from displaced commercial/Industrial premises (owner operated) 1 Katcha sft. 489 172 83,957 Semi pucca sft. 851 2 1,125,873 1,323 Pucca sft. 595 3 961,520 1,616 4 Tin sft. 5862 786 4,604,946 5 Thached sft. 126 68 8,619 II. Temporary loss of income (wage earners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry) Farm Labour unskilled 626 1 no. 19,800 12,394,800 Non-farm Labour unskilled 588 2 no. 7,761,600 Skilled non-farm labour 563 3 no. 18,000 10,134,000 III. Dislocation Allowance for loss of income For loss of income from rented out 345 1 residential/commercial premises no. 4,000 1,380,000 For loss of rented in 345 2 residential/commercial no. 4,000 1,380,000 accommodation (Renter) Loss of leased/mortgaged in 1816 100 3 land/ponds dec. 181,600 For Household losing more than 456 4 10% of their income (Peoples no. 4,000 1,824,000 Experiencing Major Impact-PEMI) 41,840,915 J. Others Social Development Fund for 1 LS Income Restoration Assistance 34,298,829 536,334,580 128

Adverse impact on Host 2 LS population 255,000,000 Resettlement Site Development 3 LS - Cost Special Assistance for affected 4 LS 8,676,190 CRP 5 STI Management Program LS 6,248,709 6 External Monitoring LS 6,248,709 7 Implementation of SDf/PHAP LS 2,223,512 Administrative overhead for Land 8 Acquisition for DCs (3% of land 179,687,977 price) NGO Operations for 5 years 9 LS 37,492,254 10 Capacity building for BBA-RU LS 6,458,400 Total 9,051,436,395

K. Contingency (10% of Total) 905,143,639

Grand Total (Total + K) 9,956,580,034 129

RAP-III BUDGET, MUNSHIGANJ DISTRICT

Sl. Category of losses Unit Quantity Rate in BDT Amount in BDT No. A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Homestead land dec. 5,113.45 135,433 692,530,822 2 Agricultural land dec. 15,934.13 109,482 1,744,505,315 3 Vita dec. 1,341.77 150,951 202,542,250 4 Water-body dec. 1,892.33 23,798 45,033,805 5 Fallow land dec. 4,054.16 22,598 91,613,872 28,335.84 2,776,226,065 Stamp duty and Registration fees dec. 6 @ 15% of Price 416,433,910 Sub Total 3,192,659,974 Standing Crops for acquired dec. 15,201,161 B. 15,934.13 954 land C. I. Price of Structures 1 Katcha sft. 134,250 173 23,225,250 Semi pucca sft. 51,651 1,323 68,334,273 Pucca sft. 36,718 1,616 59,336,288 Tin sft. 560,019 882 493,936,758 Thached sft. 45,404 71 3,223,684 Sub Total 828,042 648,056,253 D. Price of Trees I. Timber trees 1 Large no. 1,936 19,524 37,798,464 2 Medium no. 4,156 11,240 46,713,440 3 Small no. 9,205 3,603 33,165,615 4 Sapling no. 5,361 29 155,469 II. Fruit-bearing trees 1 Large no. 6,853 7,039 48,238,267 2 Medium no. 5,111 4,117 21,041,987 3 Small no. 10,019 1,489 14,918,291 4 Sapling no. 10,240 65 665,600 III. Bamboo 1 Large no. 10,911 362 3,949,782 2 Medium no. 6,792 219 1,487,448 3 Small no. 2,434 129 313,986 4 Sapling no. 259 33 8,547 IV. Banana 1 Large no. 8,369 686 5,741,134 2 Medium no. 5,575 495 2,759,625 3 Small no. 3,170 101 320,170 4 Sapling no. 1,110 36 39,960 Sub Total 91,501 217,317,785 E. Dislocation Allowance 1 Homestead land dec. 5,113.45 200 1,022,690 130

2 Agricultural land dec. 15,934.13 100 1,593,413 3 Vita dec. 1,341.77 200 268,354 4 Water-body dec. 1,892.33 100 189,233 5 Fallow land dec. 4,054.16 100 405,416 Sub Total 28,335.84 3,479,106.160 F. Reconstruction Grant (RG) Residential structure with tittle to sft. 1 271,536 10 2,715,360 land Commercial and CRP structure sft. 2 with tittle to land 47,959 15 719,385 Other Physical structure without sft. 3 title to land 508,547 10 5,085,470 Sub Total 828,042 8,520,215 G. Transfer Grant (TG) Residential structure with tittle to sft. 1 271,536 7 1,900,752 land Commercial and CRP structure sft. 2 with tittle to land 47,959 10 479,590 Household and Other Physical sft. 3 structure without title to land 508,547 7 3,559,829 Sub Total 828,042 5,940,171 H. One Time Special Assistance Female Headed and Disabled 1 no. 631 5,000 3,155,000 Households Hardcore poor HH Moving assistant for owner 2 no. 616 5,000 3,080,000 operated commercial premises Sub Total 6,235,000 I. Income Restoration Grant I. Loss of Income from displaced commercial/Industrial premises (owner operated) 1 katcha sft. 361 173 62,453 2 Semi pucca sft. 851 1,323 1,125,873 3 Pucca sft. 595 1,616 961,520 4 Tin sft. 4,265 882 3,761,730 5 Thached sft. 17 71 1,207

II. Temporary loss of income (wage earners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry) 1 Farm Labour (unskilled) no. 42 19,800 831,600 2 Non-farm Labour (unskilled) no. 235 13,200 3,102,000 3 Skilled non-farm labour no. 230 18,000 4,140,000 III. Dislocation Allowance for

loss of income For rented out 1 residential/commercial premises no. 230 4,000 920,000 131

For rented in 2 residential/commercial no. 230 4,000 920,000 accommodation (Renter) Loss of leased/mortgaged in 3 land/ponds dec. 1509 100 150,900 For losing more than 10% of 4 income (PEMI) no. 148 4,000 592,000 Sub Total 16,569,283 J. Others Social Development Fund for 1 LS 22,077,693 Income Restoration Assistance 2 Host Area Facilities LS 85,000,000 Resettlement Site Development 3 LS Cost Special Assistance for affected 4 LS 3,342,857 CRP 5 STI Management Program LS 4,415,539 6 External Monitoring LS 4,415,539 7 Implementation of SDF/PHAP LS 1,490,244 Administrative overhead for Land 8 Acquisition for DCs (3% of land 83,286,782 price) 9 NGO Operations for 5 years LS 26,493,231 10 Capacity Building for BBA-RU 2,583,360 Sub Total 233,105,245 Total 4,347,084,193

K. Contingency (10% of Total) 434,708,419

Grand Total (Total + K) 4,781,792,612 132

RAP-III BUDGET, SHARIATPUR DISTRICT

Sl. Category of losses Unit Quantity Rate in BDT Amount in No. BDT A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Homestead land dec. 1,186.69 20,141 23,900,484 2 Agricultural land dec. 26,288.36 22,597 594,039,430 3 Vita dec. 166.35 20,141 3,350,446 4 Water-body dec. 188.60 22,597 4,261,886 5 Fallow land dec. 211.91 22,597 4,788,465 28,041.91 630,340,712 Stamp duty and Registration fees dec. 6 (@ 15% of Price 94,551,107 Sub Total 724,891,819 B. Standing Crops for acquired land dec. 26288.36 366 9,621,540 C. I. Price of Structures 1 katcha sft. 172,134 168 28,918,512 Semi pucca sft. 8,325 720 5,994,000 Pucca sft. 11,291 1,404 15,852,564 Tin sft. 356,151 528 188,047,728 Thached sft. 54,568 68 3,710,624 Sub Total 602,469 242,523,428 D. Price of Trees I. Timber trees 1 Large no. 940 19,524 18,352,560 2 Medium no. 1,380 11,240 15,511,200 3 Small no. 24,238 3,603 87,329,514 4 Sapling no. 13,507 29 391,703 II. Fruit-bearing trees 1 Large no. 2,692 7,039 18,948,988 2 Medium no. 4,535 4,117 18,670,595 3 Small no. 15,284 1,489 22,757,876 4 Sapling no. 17,968 65 1,167,920 III. Bamboo 1 Large no. 26,292 362 9,517,704 2 Medium no. 14,204 219 3,110,676 3 Small no. 8,874 129 1,144,746 4 Sapling no. 3,007 33 99,231 IV. Banana 1 Large no. 32,101 686 22,021,286 2 Medium no. 16,973 495 8,401,635 3 Small no. 14,108 101 1,424,908 4 Sapling no. 9,804 36 352,944 Sub Total 205,907 229,203,486 E. Dislocation Allowance 1 Homestead land dec. 1,186.69 200 237,337 2 Agricultural land dec. 26,288.36 100 2,628,836 133

3 Vita dec. 166.35 200 33,271 4 Water-body dec. 188.60 100 18,860 5 Fallow land dec. 211.91 100 21,191 Sub Total 28,041.91 2,939,495 F. Reconstruction Grant (RG) Residential structure with tittle to sft. 1 225,231 10 2,252,310 land Commercial and CRP structure with sft. 2 tittle to land 16,169 15 242,535 Other Physical structure without title sft. 3 to land 361,069 10 3,610,690 Sub Total 602,469 6,105,535 G. Transfer Grant (TG) Residential structure with tittle to sft. 1 225,231 7 1,576,617 land Commercial and CRP structure with sft. 2 tittle to land 16,169 10 161,690 Household and Other Physical sft. 3 structure without title to land 361,069 7 2,527,483 Sub Total 602,469 4,265,790 H. One Time Special Assistance Female Headed and Disabled 1 no. 50 5,000 250,000 Households Hardcore poor HH Moving assistant for owner operated 2 no. 3 5,000 15,000 commercial premises Sub Total 265,000 I. Income Restoration Grant I. Loss of Income from displaced commercial/Industrial premises (owner operated) 1 Katcha sft. 101 168 16,968 2 Semi pucca sft. - 720 - 3 Pucca sft. - 1,404 - 4 Tin sft. 1,542 528 814,176 5 Thached sft. 102 68 6,936 II. Temporary loss of income (wage earners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry) 1 Farm Labour (unskilled) no. 377 19,800 7,464,600 2 Non-farm Labour (unskilled) no. 24 13,200 316,800 3 Skilled non-farm labour no. 18 18,000 324,000 III. Dislocation Allowance for loss

of income For rented out 1 residential/commercial premises no. 12 4,000 48,000 For rented in residential/commercial 2 accommodation (Renter) no. 12 4,000 48,000 134

Loss of leased/mortgaged in 3 land/ponds dec. 124 100 12,400 For losing more than 10% of income 4 (PEMI) no. 195 4,000 780,000 Sub Total 9,831,880 J. Others Social Development Fund for 1 LS 3,514,668 Income Restoration Assistance Host Area Facilities 2 LS 85,000,000 Resettlement Site Development 3 LS Cost Special Assistance for affected CRP 4 LS 1,200,000 STI Management Program 5 LS 527,200 External Monitoring 6 LS 527,200 Implementation of SDf/PHAP 7 LS 210,880 Administrative overhead for Land 8 Acquisition for DCs (3% of land 18,910,221 price) NGO Operations for 5 years 9 LS 3,163,201 10 Capacity building for BBA-RU LS 1,614,600 Sub Total 114,667,971 Total 1,344,315,944

K. Contingency (10% of Total) 134,431,594

Grand Total (Total + K) 1,478,747,538 135

RAP-III BUDGET, MADARIPUR DISTRICT

Sl. Category of losses Unit Quantity Rate in BDT Amount in No. BDT A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Homestead land dec. 2,123.23 101,891 216,338,025 2 Agricultural land dec. 34,373.68 59,830 2,056,573,549 3 Vita dec. 403.77 20,141 8,132,139 4 Water-body dec. 739.11 22,597 16,701,618 5 Fallow land dec. 12,624.72 22,598 285,287,125 50,264.50 2,583,032,455 Stamp duty and Registration fees dec. 6 @ 15% of Price 387,454,868 Sub Total 2,970,487,324 B. Standing Crops for acquired land dec. 34,373.68 316 10,862,081 C. I. Price of Structures 1 Katcha sft. 65,171 168 10,948,728 Semi pucca sft. 1,173 720 844,560 Pucca sft. 253 1,404 355,212 Tin sft. 119,715 528 63,209,520 Thached sft. 19,558 68 1,329,944 Sub Total 205,870 76,687,964 D. Price of Trees I. Timber trees 1 Large no. 1,062 19,524 20,734,488 2 Medium no. 1,039 11,240 11,678,360 3 Small no. 6,708 3,603 24,168,924 4 Sapling no. 4,139 29 120,031 II. Fruit-bearing trees 1 Large no. 674 7,039 4,744,286 2 Medium no. 1,031 4,117 4,244,627 3 Small no. 3,739 1,489 5,567,371 4 Sapling no. 4,655 65 302,575 III. Bamboo 1 Large no. 13,826 362 5,005,012 2 Medium no. 8,395 219 1,838,505 3 Small no. 4,774 129 615,846 4 Sapling no. 1,551 33 51,183 IV. Banana 1 Large no. 6,796 686 4,662,056 2 Medium no. 4,445 495 2,200,275 3 Small no. 3,694 101 373,094 4 Sapling no. 2,950 36 106,200 Sub Total 69,478 86,412,833 E. Dislocation Allowance 1 Homestead land dec. 2,123.23 200 424,645 136

2 Agricultural land dec. 34,373.68 100 3,437,368 3 Vita dec. 403.77 200 80,754 4 Water-body dec. 739.11 100 73,911 5 Fallow land dec. 12,624.72 100 1,262,472 Sub Total 50,264.50 5,279,150 F. Reconstruction Grant (RG) Residential structure with tittle to sft. 1 82,877 10 828,770 land Commercial and CRP structure with sft. 2 tittle to land 1,375 15 20,625 Other Physical structure without title sft. 3 to land 121,618 10 1,216,180

Sub Total 205,870 2,065,575 G. Transfer Grant (TG) Residential structure with tittle to sft. 1 82,877 7 580,139 land Commercial and CRP structure with sft. 2 tittle to land 1,375 10 13,750 Household and Other Physical sft. 3 structure without title to land 121,618 7 851,326 Sub Total 205,870 1,445,215 H. One Time Special Assistance Female Headed and Disabled 1 no. 422 5,000 2,110,000 Households Hardcore poor HH Moving assistant for owner 2 no. 137 5,000 685,000 operated commercial premises Sub Total 2,795,000 I. Income Restoration Grant I. Loss of Income from displaced commercial/Industrial premises (owner operated) 1 katcha sft. 27 168 4,536 2 Semi pucca sft. - 720 - 3 Pucca sft. - 1,404 - 4 Tin sft. 55 528 29,040 5 Thached sft. 7 68 476 II. Temporary loss of income (wage earners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry) 1 Farm Labour (unskilled) no. 207 19,800 4,098,600 2 Non-farm Labour (unskilled) no. 329 13,200 4,342,800 3 Skilled non-farm labour no. 315 18,000 5,670,000 III. Dislocation Allowance for loss

of income For rented out 1 residential/commercial premises no. 103 4,000 412,000 137

For rented in residential/commercial 2 accommodation (Renter) no. 103 4,000 412,000 Loss of leased/mortgaged in 3 land/ponds dec. 183 100 18,300 For losing more than 10% of 4 income (PEMI) no. 113 4,000 452,000 Sub Total 15,439,752 J. Others Social Development Fund for 1 LS 8,706,468 Income Restoration Assistance 2 Host Area Facilities LS 85,000,000 Resettlement Site Development 3 LS Cost Special Assistance for affected 4 LS 4,133,333 CRP 5 STI Management Program LS 1,305,970 6 External Monitoring LS 1,305,970 7 Implementation of SDf/PHAP LS 522,388 Administrative overhead for Land 8 Acquisition for DCs (3% of land 77,490,974 price) 9 NGO Operations for 5 years LS 7,835,821 10 Capacity building for BBA-RU 2,260,440 Sub Total 188,561,364 Total 3,360,036,258

K. Contingency (10% of Total) 336,003,626

Grand Total (Total + K) 3,696,039,883 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158

Annex VII Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009 (Act 31 of 2009) 159 160 161