Congressional Record—Senate S5954
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James Forrestal and Racial Integration
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 16, Number 6, February 3, 1989 A coordinate the Navy's deployments in the Pacific with Gen. Page from Histoty Douglas MacArthur. As Navy Secretary he was with the task force during the American invasion of the Marshall Islands. Integrating the Navy By late in the war, Black servicemen showed growing resentment against insulting segregation policies in the ser and vices, and Jim Crow policies blocking virtually all advance James Forrestal ment for Blacks; anti-Negro rioting was breaking out in some llaval units. Ten days after taking over the Navy, two weeks racial integration before D-Day, Secretary Forrestal sent a memo to President Roosevelt: "From a morale standpoint, the Negroes resent the fact that they are not assigned to general service billets at by Anton Chaitkin sea, and white personnel resent the fact that Negroes have been given less hazardous assignments." He proposed racial The Schiller Institute's Martin Luther King Day march in integration as the definitive answer to the problem. Forrestal Washington on Jan. 16 brought together civil rights activists, immediately put through a plan for the racial integration of anti-Communist freedom fighters and farmers opposing the 25 auxiliary ships of the fleet. international grain cartel. To the Eastern Establishment, this On July 28, 1944, Forrestal recommended to President growing freedom movement is "unfair" ..."illogical" and Roosevelt that Black women be trained in the WAVES or ...dangerous. It is dangerous to the false assumptions that ganization on an integrated basis and assigned "wherever were supposed to be fixed in the public mind, that those who needed within the continental limits of the United States, oppose Russian imperialism are "racists," and those who preferably to stations where there are already Negro men. -
Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986
Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Steven T. Wills June 2012 © 2012 Steven T. Wills. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwtaer Nichols Act of 1986 by STEVEN T. WILLS has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Ingo Traushweizer Assistant Professor of History Howard Dewald Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT WILLS, STEVEN T., M.A., June 2012, History Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 Director of Thesis: Ingo Traushweizer The Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 was the most comprehensive defense reorganization legislation in a generation. It has governed the way the United States has organized, planned, and conducted military operations for the last twenty five years. It passed the Senate and House of Representatives with margins of victory reserved for birthday and holiday resolutions. It is praised throughout the U.S. defense establishment as a universal good. Despite this, it engendered a strong opposition movement organized primarily by Navy Secretary John F. Lehman but also included members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, prominent Senators and Congressman, and President Reagan's Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger. This essay will examine the forty year background of defense reform movements leading to the Goldwater Nichols Act, the fight from 1982 to 1986 by supporters and opponents of the proposed legislation and its twenty-five year legacy that may not be as positive as the claims made by the Department of Defense suggest. -
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library & Museum Audiovisual
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library & Museum Audiovisual Department Robert B. Anderson Photographs 2004-7-1--1320 2004-7-1 Portrait of Major Robert Anderson, a Civil War soldier and West Point graduate. This is a copy of a Matthew Brady photo. Photo sent by E. Robert Anderson of San Diego, California, on July 10, 1953. Copyright: public domain. One B&W 6 ½ x 9 print. 2004-7-2—6 Five photographs of a landing field near Tipton, Oklahoma, taken from the air. Photo sent by Frank Beer of Phoenix, Arizona on December 15, 1954. Copyright: Norma Greene Studio; Vernon, Texas. Five B&W 8 x 10 prints. 2004-7-7 Photo of Alvin L. Borchardt, Jr., of Vernon, Texas, a U.S. Air Force pilot. Photo sent by Borchardt on March 29, 1955. Copyright: unknown. One B&W 2 ½ x 3 ½ print. 2004-7-8 Photo of Leon H. Brown, Jr. of Mission, Texas, a jet pilot at Williams Air Force Base in Chandler, Arizona. Photo sent by Brown’s mother, Mrs. Leon H. Brown on June 6, 1954. Copyright: unknown. One B&W 3 x 5 print. 2004-7-9 Photo of the staff of Rheumatic Fever Research Institute of Chicago, Illinois. Photo sent by Alvin F. Coburn, director of the Institute on March 17, 1954. Copyright: Evanston [Illinois] Photographic Service. One B&W 8 x 10 print. 2004-7-10—12 Three photos of the children of Dr. Alvin Coburn of Chicago, Illinois. Photo sent by Alvin F. Coburn on September 8, 1954. Copyright: unknown. Three B&W 2 ½ x 3 ½ prints. -
Battle of Okinawa 1 Battle of Okinawa
Battle of Okinawa 1 Battle of Okinawa Battle of Okinawa Part of World War II, the Pacific War A U.S. Marine from the 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines on Wana Ridge provides covering fire with his Thompson submachine gun, 18 May 1945. Date 1 April – 22 June 1945 Location Okinawa, Japan [1] [1] 26°30′N 128°00′E Coordinates: 26°30′N 128°00′E Result Allied victory, Okinawa occupied by U.S. until 1972 Belligerents United States Empire of Japan United Kingdom Canada Australia New Zealand Commanders and leaders Simon B. Buckner, Jr. † Mitsuru Ushijima † Roy Geiger Isamu Chō † Joseph Stilwell Minoru Ota † Chester W. Nimitz Keizō Komura Raymond A. Spruance Sir Bernard Rawlings Philip Vian Bruce Fraser Strength 183,000 (initial assault force only) ~120,000, including 40,000 impressed Okinawans Casualties and losses More than 12,000 killed More than 110,000 killed More than 38,000 wounded More than 7,000 captured 40,000–150,000 civilians killed The Battle of Okinawa, codenamed Operation Iceberg, was fought on the Ryukyu Islands of Okinawa and was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific War of World War II. The 82-day-long battle lasted from early April until mid-June 1945. After a long campaign of island hopping, the Allies were approaching Japan, and planned to use Okinawa, a large island only 340 mi (550 km) away from mainland Japan, as a base for air operations on the planned Battle of Okinawa 2 invasion of Japanese mainland (coded Operation Downfall). Four divisions of the U.S. -
Number Dial Starts Former Assistant Defense Sec- Drafting a New Pay Bill for the Retary Charles S
0 Vol. VI, No. 38 LJ. S. Naval Base, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba Saturday, 27 March 1954 Charles S. Thomas Revised Pay Bill Teleph Rates usedinComtte elpone RtsLowered; Named New SeCNaV P shed In Committee A revived Hook commission is 4- Number Dial Starts Former Assistant Defense Sec- drafting a new pay bill for the retary Charles S. Thomas has been armed services according to the named by President Eisenhower as "Navy Times." A revision of the telephone rates Effective April 1 a new dialing the new Secretary of the Navy. The pay increase for servicemen for the base has been announced system on the telephone network by Mr. Thomas' nomination was sent was brought up before the Armed the Telephone Officer. will go into effect. Basically, the to the Senate on March 10. Services Committee in Washington Effective with the close of busi- new system requires that four Mr. Thomas was appointed to last Fall but was shelved to make ness hours on March 31 this is the numbers be dialed regardless of fill the vacancy created when the way for more important legisla- second rate change within a month what exchange area the caller President named Secretary of the tion. Revival of the military pay and provides good news for resi- may be in. Navy Robert B. Anderson to the increase was predicted by com- dents of quarters on the base. A new telephone book will be post of Deputy Director of Defense. mittee members because of continu- The new charge for a main line issued on April 1 and several num- He will take his new job on May 1. -
The American Legion [Volume 132, No. 4 (April 1992)]
April 1992 Two Dollars Twelve Hot Spots That Threaten World Peace . Haband's EASY-TO-WEAR ~C "^tH \~—\~ ^jjjj^Ej?^ JOGGERS^JQGGERS the UNIVERSAL WALKING SHOE Black PAIRS for Only • Ultra-soft foam-backed brushed tricot linings throughout • Thick shock-absorbing cushion crepe midsoles • Foam-backed innersoles and fully padded comfort collar and tongue • Soft, supple yet durable MEN'S SIZES - Medium (D) Width: man-made uppers wipe clean with a damp cloth • Bouncy, flexible 7 - 7V2 - 8 - 8V2 - 9 - 9V2 - 10 - IOV2 - 11 - 12 - 13 sure-tread rubber outsoles • WIDE WIDTHS (EEE) * Please add $1.50 per pair for Wide Width: 7W - 7V2 W - 8W - 8V2W - 9W - Navy It's the Ultimate Comfort Shoe! 9V2 W - 10W - IOV2W - 11W - 12W - 13W Ever wonder what people do with all those overpriced running, jogging, and aerobic sprinting shoes? THEY- WALK IN THEM! In the yard, on vacation, down to the grocer, wherever — because they VUGGCHS 3 for 44.75 4 for 59.00 FEEL SO GOOD! Now here is HABAND COMPANY WHAT D or HOW all the Quality, all the 7TJ -42A SIZE? EEE/* MANY7 265 North 9th Street Comfort, all the Paterson, NJ 07530 c Grey Styling - NOT $85, G Navy Send pairs of joggers. NOT $50, but E Black enclose $ 95* purchase price. Please add S3. 70 toward postage & handling. 2tOQ of only 100* SATISFACTION GUARANTEED or FULL REFUND 0 Purchase Price at Any Time) The Omega®Jogger is Check Enclosed DVisa MasterCard Exp.: /_ Grey a quality import, sold only by Haband, the Card » mail order people in Paterson, N.J. -
Diaries of James V. Forrestal, 1944-1949
Diaries of James V. Forrestal, 1944-1949 DIARIES OF JAMES V FORRESTAL, 1944-1949 Complete and unexpurgated diaries from the Seeley G Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University Contents listing PUBLISHER'S NOTE EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL NOTE CONTENTS OF REELS Diaries of James V. Forrestal, 1944-1949 Publisher's Note “The full version of the Forrestal Diaries is a wonderful source - extraordinarily rich, and far more revealing than the edited version that was published in 1951.” Professor Marc Trachtenberg Department of Political Science, UCLA This microfilm project makes available for the first time the complete and unexpurgated version of Forrestal’s manuscript and typescript diaries covering the period March 1944 to March 1949. While the printed edition, The Forrestal Diaries, edited by Walter Millis with the collaboration of E. S. Duffield in 1951, runs to some 555 pages plus index, there are nearly 3000 pages of diary entries, mostly in typescript format which we are now able to reproduce in full. Who was Forrestal and why was he important ? As Secretary of the Navy, 1944-1947, and first Secretary of Defense, 1947- 1949, he had significant access to the President and was part of a State Department team with crucial responsibilities for running the war effort, ensuring a successful outcome for the Allies and, moreover, with a key role in considering and shaping the peace, reconstruction policies and the structure of the post-war world. Forrestal’s background was of a businessman of considerable wealth, power, and position. In 1938 he had succeeded Clarence Dillon as President of Dillon Read. An efficient operator with a quietly driving ambition, he had risen relatively early to the top aged forty-six. -
1 a Marine's Diary of World War Ii Solomon Islands
A MARINE'S DIARY OF WORLD WAR II SOLOMON ISLANDS, TULAGI, GUADALCANAL, TARAWA, SAIPAN, GUAM by ROBERT L. KEVAN, PFC., U.S. MARINE CORPS "Well, it is about September 13, 2004 on a Monday, and my daughter wanted me to record some things that happened back sixty some years ago. I will try my best. Buhl, Idaho I was born January 14, 1923 on a small farm in Buhl, Idaho to Charles W. Kevan and Martha Katharine Nicholson Kevan. I had five brothers, Wayne, Bill, Jim, Dick, and Ron, and one sister, Fern. When the United States declared war against Japan because of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, I enlisted with the Marines to fight for my country. San Diego, California Anyhow, I was in the National Guard for a while before I joined the Marine Corps. I joined the Marine Corps on January 6, 1942, Third Battalion, 10th Regiment, 2nd Division. I went down to San Diego on the train for boot camp. I was immediately put in the hospital for a hernia. So I spent some time in the hospital and, lucky me, I missed the boot camp. So when I got out of the hospital I went directly aboard ship approximately June 1, 1942. USS PRESIDENT HAYES Tonga We left port on the USS President Hayes on July 1, 1942. It was uneventful until we got to Tonga Tabu, and we got in a little storm so we had to anchor there for a while and let the storm go by, and then we continued on and on July 10, 1942, we crossed the equator. -
The Progressive Era Origins of the National Security Act
Pace University DigitalCommons@Pace Pace Law Faculty Publications School of Law 1-1-2000 The Progressive Era Origins of the National Security Act Mark R. Shulman Pace Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Law Commons, and the Public Affairs Commons Recommended Citation Shulman, Mark R., "The Progressive Era Origins of the National Security Act" (2000). Pace Law Faculty Publications. 223. https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty/223 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Progressive Era Origins of the National Security Act Mark R.Shulman* Perhaps it is a universal truth that the loss of liberty at home is to be charged to provisions against danger; real or pretended, from abroad. -James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, May 1798' I. Introduction to "National Security" The National Security Act of 1947* and its successors drew the blueprint of the Cold War domestic political order. This regime centralized control of the military services-the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and a newly separate Air Force-in a single executive branch department. It created a new professional organization to collect and analyze foreign intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency. And at the center of this new national security apparatus, a National Security Council would eventually establish foreign policy by coordinating intelligence and directing military and para-military forces, as well as supervising a National Security Resources Board. -
US Navy and Coast Guard Vessels, Sunk Or Damaged Beyond
Casualties: U.S. Navy and Coast Guard Vessels, Sunk or Damaged Beyond Repair during World War II, 7 December 1941-1 October 1945 U.S. Navy Warships Mine Warfare Ships Patrol Ships Amphibious Ships Auxiliaries District Craft U.S. Coast Guard Ships Bibliography U.S. Navy Warships Battleship (BB) USS Arizona (BB-39) destroyed by Japanese aircraft bombs at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 7 December 1941, and stricken from the Navy List, 1 December 1942. USS Oklahoma (BB-37) capsized and sank after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 7 December 1941. Aircraft Carrier (CV) USS Hornet (CV-8) sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft during the Battle of Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands, 26 October 1942. USS Lexington (CV-2) sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft during the Battle of the Coral Sea, 8 May 1942. USS Wasp (CV-7) sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-19 south of Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, 15 September 1942. USS Yorktown (CV-5) damaged by aircraft bombs on 4 June 1942 during the Battle of Midway and sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-168, 7 June 1942. Aircraft Carrier, Small (CVL) USS Princeton (CVL-23) sunk after being bombed by Japanese aircraft during the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Philippine Islands, 24 October 1944. Aircraft Carrier, Escort (CVE) USS Bismarck Sea (CVE-95) sunk by Kamikaze aircraft off Iwo Jima, Volcano Islands, 21 February 1945. USS Block Island (CVE-21) sunk after being torpedoed by German submarine U-549 northwest of the Canary Islands, 29 May 1944. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE May 25, 1999 Mrs
10758 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE May 25, 1999 Mrs. BOXER, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. the assistance, to allow the organiza- In the past three years, we have DODD, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mr. BIDEN, tions to accept the funds to provide the begun to hear about how Charitable Mr. SCHUMER, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. DUR- assistance to the individuals without Choice is opening doors for the govern- BIN, and Mr. KERRY): impairing the religious character of ment and communities of faith to work S. 1120 A bill to ensure that children en- the organizations or the religious free- rolled in medicaid and other Federal means- together to help our nation’s poor and tested programs at highest risk for lead poi- dom of the individuals, and for other needy gain hope and self-sufficiency. soning are identified and treated, and for purposes; to the Committee on Govern- For example, shortly after passage of other purposes; to the committee on Fi- mental Affairs. the federal welfare law, Governor nance. CHARITABLE CHOICE EXPANSION ACT OF 1999 George Bush of Texas signed an execu- Mr. LEAHY: Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, tive order directing ‘‘all pertinent ex- S. 1121. A bill to amend the Clayton Act to America’s best ideas for helping the ecutive branch agencies to take all enhance the authority of the Attorney Gen- poor have come from grassroots com- necessary steps to implement the eral to prevent certain mergers and acquisi- munities and private organizations of ‘charitable choice’ provision of the fed- tions that would unreasonably limit com- people who know and care about their petition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. -
Marine Modelling Revisited 26 USN Dreadnought Battleships
REVISITED Marine Modelling International magazine ran from October 1985 to August 2017 for a total of 365 issues with 240 ‘Waterlines’ articles including in the first and last issues. Beginning in 2011 many of these articles were gathered together in various ‘Waterlines – Revisited’ pdfs providing the opportunity to re-read some of those early and not so early articles virtually as they were. This final pdf combines a series of unpublished articles originally planned for late 2017/early 2018, their subject being the United States Navy’s Dreadnought Battleships. Additional pictures & information have been included. 26: USN Dreadnought Battleships Early Dreadnoughts .................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Notes on the Waterlines ........................................................................................................................................... 2 South Carolina Class ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Delaware Class ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Wyoming Class ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 New York Class ......................................................................................................................................................