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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-65217-9 - Jewish Texts on the Visual Arts Edited With Commentary by Vivian B. Mann Index More information

INDEX

Aaron, 126—9 Alshekh, Moses (d. after 1593), 86,194n6i Abasban, Solomon (16th century), 86,194n6i Amado, David (ca. 1745), 48, 50, 54 Aboab, Samuel (1610-94), i7> 58-60, Amos (prophet, 765-50 BCE), 1741132 i88n85, i88n87, i89n89 Amsterdam Haggadah (1695), 127 Abraham, Jacob (1732-1800), 140,14if Angelo di Elia (ca. 1507), 11 Abraham de Orefice (ca. 1492), 78 animals, images of: in prayer books, no—11; Abstract Expressionism, 152,153, 155 on seals, 24f; in stained glass, 33, 71-5; Abulafia, Samuel haLevi (1320-61), 76-8 and Talmud on idolatry, I78ni5, i8on36, Adler, Cyrus (1865-1940), 158 182ml; on textiles, 39-42,183^1-3; on Adret, Solomon ben (1235-1310), 11, 54, 57, Torah ark, 116-20,120-3 95, i86n56, i88n76 Applied Arts Museum (Kunstgewerbemu- aesthetics: and appreciation of beauty of art seum, Diisseldorf), 156 in rabbinic texts, 13-16; and communal Aragon (Spain), n ownership of ceremonial art, 80; and architecture: and churches of medieval Israel Isserlein on ornaments for the Cologne, 72; and copies of famous eccle Torah scroll, 115; and manuscript illumi siastical structures in Middle Ages, 8, nations in prayer books, 109; and syna i94n7o; property rights and expansion of gogue lamps, 123—6 synagogue, 90,1741125; and reuse of Agam, Yaacov (b. 1928), 151 Church and mosque buildings as syna Ahab (king of Samaria, 874-52 B.C.E.), 8, gogues, 66-8, 78-9,192n33; and i74-n32 20th-century synagogues in U.S., 97-9. Alba Bible, 25-7,179nn2i~5, 27, 29 See also synagogues Alfasi, Isaac ben Jacob (1013-1113), 28, 56, Archivolti, Samuel (1515-1611), 83-6,193^5, i8in48 i93n6o Algiers, 137-9 Arias de Encinas (ca. 1422), 25 Alliance Israelite Universelle, 199^7 Aries (France), 10,111-14 "All Images" (Kol haZelamim), 21, in Arragel, Moses (ca. 1422), 25, 27-8

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-65217-9 - Jewish Texts on the Visual Arts Edited With Commentary by Vivian B. Mann Index More information

228 INDEX

art: definitions of Jewish, 144-6, 149-55; and Benedictine Rule, 72 diachronic themes in Jewish texts, 3—10; Ben Ezra Synagogue (Fostat), 100,101 rabbinic texts and Jewish acceptance of Benguiat, Hadji Ephraim (d. before 1925), new forms, 17—18, ch 3; and themes in 158,159^ 160,166, 207n9 Hebrew Bible, 4—8. See also aesthetics; Benguiat, Mordecai, 158-60,166, 207nn9 art history; artists; ceremonial art; collect Berav, Jacob (ca. 1474-1546), i93~4n6o-i ing and collections; Islamic art; Other, Berlin Synagogue, 92f art of Bernard, St., of Clairvaux (1091-1153), 109 art history: and importance of Hebrew and Bertinoro, Obadiah Jare da (d. ca. 1500), Aramaic texts as sources, 1-3; and status 79-80 of Jewish art in 19th and 20th centuries, Beth-El Congregation (Baltimore), 98f 3-4,143-6,1731121 Bet IWf (House of Joseph), 28, 50 artists: and accusation of fraud in 13th-cen Bezalel ben Uri, 5 tury Mainz, 132—4; and Court Jews, Bibles: Greek translation of, i73n2o; and 139—42; Jewish in medieval and Renais images of Moses and Aaron on title pages sance Europe, 11,134-9,173ni4; modern of Christian, 127. See Alba Bible; Hebrew art and Jewish identity, 149-55; and Bible responsibility for work lent as model, Bohemia, 13, 43, i24f 137-9; r°le °f as theme in Hebrew Bible, Book of Seats, The (Pinkas Synagogue), 91 5-8 Braunschweig, 86-9,194n62 Asard, Robin (ca. 1438), 10,111-14,132 Breslau, 127 Ascoli (Papal States), 120,122 Brueghel, Pieter (1525-69), 148 Asher ben Jehiel (1250-1327), 11,17, 36, Buber, Martin (1878-1965), 17,143-6, 46-8,172n5, i85-6n43, i86n46 1731117 Asher ben Shlomo (ca. 1275), 48, 49 Byzantine art: and figured textiles, 40, 4if, Ashkenazi Synagogue (Venice), 84 i83n2i; synagogue at Palermo and church Assyrian script, 107—9,1981139 architecture of, 78 Augsburg Cathedral, 72 Avignon (France), 111-14 Cairo (Egypt), 54. See also Genizah Cairo Avkat Rokhel (The Powders of the Mer Candia (Crete), 116-20, 122 chant), 50, 51-3 canopies, in medieval synagogues, 70 Avodah Zarah (Talmud), 20-3, 37-9, 182ml Canton Synagogue (Venice), 84, 85f, 193^5 Capsali, Elijah (1483-1555), 116 Babylonia: exilarch and decoration of 10th- Caro, Joseph (1479-1575), 28-30, 46, 50-3, century synagogue in, 69-71, i9onio; 54, 74, 84,116, 129, i87n63 and history of responsa, 2; and statue of cathedrae (thronelike chairs), 101—2, ruler in synagogue of Nehardea, i82ni3 i82-3ni6, i83n20, 1971116 Bacharach, Jair Hayyim (1638—1702), xviii, ceramics, and images, 54, 55F, 58—60. See also 16, 61-3,123-6, i89n90, 202ni03 porcelain Bakst, Leon (1867-1924), 147 ceremonial art: and aesthetics of synagogue Bar-Ilan University (Israel), 2 lamps, 123—6; and animal images on

INDEX 229

Torah ark, 116-23; donation of to syna Judaica, 163-6; history of, 3-4, 88, gogues by charitable societies, 125, I73ni9; and Jewish Theological Seminary 202nio8; and illuminations in prayer in New York, 158-60; and Krautheimer books, 109-11; and images of Moses and on Jewish Museum of New York, 166-9; Aaron on Torah shield, 126—9; inventory and Tel Aviv Museum, 160—3 of objects belonging to synagogues of Cologne synagogue, and stained glass, 17, Old Cairo in nth and 12th centuries, 71-6 100-4; and ownership of objects in syna Color Field paintings, and art of Morris gogue, 80—2; and reuse of Christian Louis, 152-3,155 objects by Jews, 42; and Rosenberg on Congregation B-nai Amoona (St. Louis), 97 definition of Jewish art, 151; silver- Conservative Judaism, and postwar Ameri smithing and agreement between Jewish can Jewry, 97 community of Aries and Robin Asard, Corinth, Lovis (1858-1925), 144 111-14; and Star of David as Zionist sym Court Jews, 86-9, 91-2,139,140,1941163 bol, 129-31; and Torah shield from mid- courts, Christian and cases between Jews and 15th century, 114—16; and use of scripts, non-Jews in medieval Europe, 132 104-9 Crete, 116-20, 122 cemeteries, and images on tombstones, 31-4 Cubism, 148 Chagall, Marc (1887—1985), 144,146-9, 160-3 Danzig, 166, 2o8ni6 China, and trade in porcelain, 58 David, Alexander (1686-1765), 4, 86-9, Church, Catholic: and reuse of buildings as I94n6i~3 synagogues, 66—8; and reuse of vest De coloribus et mixtionibus, 135 ments and religious articles by Jews, dietary laws, 58 42-6, 54-8, i84n29, i86n56; and role of Die Wissenschaft des Judentums, 143 Jewish artists, 3. See also Benedictine Dizengoff, Meir (1861-1937), 161,162,163 Rule; Cistercian Order Duran, Profiat (ca. 1360-1414), 14,184^6, Cistercian Order, 72,109 I98n39 clothing: decorated belts with human Dura Synagogue, 27 images, 37-9; embroidered aprons for ceremonial occasions, 61,189^4; Eco, Umberto, 16 Fatimid Egypt and use of gold in weav Edict of Nantes, 63 ing and embroidery on, 106. See also tex Egypt, and textiles, 106, 108, i83n2i. See also tiles Cairo; Genizah, Cairo coinage, and images, 54, 56, 57, 58,107^ Eliezer ben Joel haLevi (1140-1225), 39, 57, I98n40 i82ni4 collecting and collections, of Jewish art: Eliezer of Metz (ca. 1115—ca. 1198), 13, 42 Alexander David and Braunschweig syn El Transito synagogue (Toledo), 76—8 agogue, 87; and Strauss collection, in; Elyakim of Mainz (b. ca. 1170), 33, 50, 53, Frauberger on importance of, 156-8, 71-5, 83-4, i87n63,19in2i I73ni7; and Friedman collection of Emden, Jacob (1697-1776), 36, 90

230 INDEX

Ephraim of Regensburg (1110-75), 39-42, Mainz, 132-4; and embroidery of textiles 50, 84,102,182M4 in Fatimid Egypt, 106. See also silver and Eternal Light, and synagogue lamps, 123, silversmithing 202ni07 Grabar, Oleg, 13-14 Ettinger, Mordecai Ze'ev (1804-63), 66 Graziano, Abraham Joseph Salomo (d. 1684), exilarch, 69-71, i9on2 120-3,172^4, 2om86, 200195-6 Exposition Universelle (Paris), in Guide to the Perplexed, The, 23 Eyebeschutz, Jonathan (ca. 1690-1764), 90 Guston, Philip (1913-80), 150 Ezekiel (prophet), 5, i8on37 Guzman, Don (ca. 1422), 25, 27-8,179n22

Feinstein, Moshe (1895-1990), 129-31 Habsburg Empire, 90, 91—2 Feiwel, Berthold (1875-1937), 143 ha-Dor (periodical), 143 Fifth Zionist Congress (Basel, 1901), 143 Hadrian, bust of, 22f Finkelstein, Louis (1895-1991), 168 halakhah (Jewish law), 2. See also Law, Code Finzi, David (16th century), 173^9 of Jewish; rabbinic texts; Shulhah Arukh Finzi, Joab, 121 Halakhot Gedolot (The [Code of] Great Fleg, Edmond (1864-1963), 162 Laws), 39,182ml folk art, and definitions of Jewish art, 151 Harun al Rashid (764-809), 105 Franco, David, 58 Havvot Ya'ir (The Villages of Jair), 61-3 Frauberger, Heinrich (1845-1920), 156-8, Hayyim of Eger, 115 I73ni7 Hebrew Bible, 156 Alba Bible and translation Frederick Barbarossa (ca. 1125-90), 112 of into Spanish, 25; artistic themes in, frescoes, in synagogues, 27, 74,193^5, 4-8; iconoclasm and prohibition of 193—94n6o. See also murals images, 19-20; subjects from in German Friedman, Harry G. (1882-1965), 163-6 Romanesque stained glass, 72 Hebrew Union College (Cincinnati), 163 Gamzou, Haim (b. 1910), 148 Hiddur mizvah, principle of, 124 Genizah, Cairo, 23, 46,100—4,105—6. See Hiram of Tyre, 6,10 also Cairo history: of collection of Jewish art, 3-4, 88, Geonim (Sages), 2 I73ni9; and Genizah texts as resource on Germany, and art of stained glass in Mediterranean world in medieval period, churches, 72 100. See also art history Gershom, the Circumciser (Germany, 13th Huguenots, 63 century), i83n20 Hungarian Orthodoxy, 32 Gesellschaft zur Erforschungjiidischer Kunst- denkmaler (Society for the Research of iconoclasm: as artistic theme in Hebrew Jewish Artistic Monuments), 156-7,158 Bible, 4-5,19-20; and Babylonian Tal Giacobbe di Vitale (ca. 1504), 11 mud on human images, 187-8^3; Girondi, Nissim (ca. 1310—75), 129 Joseph Caro on in Shulhan Arukh, gold and goldsmithing: and accusation of fal 28-30; and Kook on sculpture and, sification of materials in 13th-century 34—6; and Maimonides on permitted

INDEX 231

images, 23—4; and Mishnah on prohibi 179-80^4, i8on36, i8on38 tion of images, 20—3; and Sofer on Italian Synagogue (Venice), 84 images of Moses and Aaron, 128; and Italy: animal image on Torah ark in 17th- Sofer on images on tombstones, 31—4; century Pesaro, 120-3; Jewish artists in Talmud and non-Jews, i82n9,185^9; as Renaissance and baroque, 11,193n48; theme of responsa, 9-10 mural paintings in 16th-century syna identity, Jewish: and definition of Jewish art, gogues, 83-6; and textiles in synagogues, 151—2; and modern art, 152—5; wearing of I97n25 Christian cross to disguise, 54 Izmir (Ottoman Empire), n Iggerot Moshe, 129 illuminated manuscripts: Amsterdam Hag- Jacob ben Asher (1269-1340), 28, 46, 50 gadah as model for, 127; and depictions Jacob ben Moses Moellin (1360-1427), 62, of synagogues in medieval period, 51; and i89n95 images in prayer books, 109-11; Jewish Jerome, St. (347-420), ij^mo artists and Christian, in, 112; and treatise Jewish Museum (New York), 18,149-52,153, on colors by Abraham ibn Hayyim, 165,166-9,1841131 134—7. $ee ak° miniatures Jewish Theological Seminary (New York), Incipit scripta colorum, 135 158-60,164,166-7,168-9, 2o8ni6 India, and porcelain, 58, 60 Jews and Judaism: Alba Bible and disputa Irene, Empress (Byzantium, 752—803), 37—8 tion with Christians in Spain, 25; interac Isaac Ben Moses (1189-1250), 71-4, 75-6, tion with art as theme in rabbinic texts, I9in25 8-18; postwar American, ^j; pressures on Isak, Aron (1730-1817), 139-42 traditional during 19th century, 32. See Isak, Mordecai, 142 also art; artists; Court Jews; identity; Islam, and mixing of cultures in medieval Law, Code of Jewish; reform movement; Sicilian art and architecture, 79. See also synagogues; Talmud; Torah Islamic art; mosques Jezebel (queen of Samaria, ca. 890—41 BCE), Islamic art: purchase and display of by Jews 8 as "art of the Other," 11; and responsa on Joseph de Levis (1552-1611/14), n use of prayer rugs in synagogues, 46-50; Judah ben Asher (1270-1349), 48-50 and theme of aesthetic value of object, Judah haNasi (d. 221/2), 20, 21 14; and weaving of inscriptions in tex Judah Loew ben Bezalel (1525-1609), 61 tiles, 105. See also Islam; mosques Juedische Kuenstler, 143 Israel: Chagall on collection of Jewish art in Tel Aviv Museum, 160—3; Kook as Chief Ka'ba, 46-50, i86n46 Rabbi of, 34; Maimonides on antiquities Katzenellenbogen, Ezekiel (ca. 1670—1749), of ancient, 106 17, 63-6, 73,117,19in2i Israels, Josef (1824-1911), 144,161,162 Kaufmann, David (1852-99), 120,121,172n4, Isserlein, Israel ben Petahiah (1390-1460), 2om85 114-16 Kayser, Stephen (1900-88), 164-5 Isserles, Moses (1520-1572), 28, 36,179^2, Keimann, Moses, 130

232 INDEX

Kook, Abraham Isaac Hakohen (1865-1935), Meir of Rothenburg (ca. 1215-93), 39, 40, 9-10, 34-6 42-6,109-11,120,132-4, i82ni4, i86n46 Krautheimer, Richard (1897-1994), 166-9, Mekom Shmu'el, 88 2o8ni9 Menahem ben Simai (3rd century), i88ny8 Kremsier, Synagogue of (Bohemia), I24f Mendelsohn, Eric (1887-1953), 97-9 Kuspit, Donald (b. 1937), 152-5 Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem (New York), 129 lamps, in synagogue, 102,123-6,196ni4-I5, miniatures: in Alba Bible, 25, 26f, 27; and 202nic>3 depictions of synagogues in 14th-century Landau, Ezekiel (1713-93), 8, 16, 90-7, Spain, 70. See also illuminated manu i95n8o-i, I95n84 scripts Law, Code of Jewish: importance of Mai- Mishnah: and ceremonial objects for Torah monides to development of, 23; Rav scroll, 172ml; and dragon as symbol of Kook and medieval and post-medieval idolatry, 20-3, 39; and responsa, 2 rabbinic authorities on, 34; Shulhan Mishneh Torah, 23-4 Arukh as universally accepted code of, Mittelman, Judah, 6j 28—30. See also halakhah; rabbinic texts; modernism: and criticism of contemporary responsa; Mishnah; Shulhan Arukh Jewish art, 17-18; and Jewish identity, Leib, Moses, of Feisung, 128 149-55 Leopold I, Emperor (Hungary, 1640-1705), Modigliani, Amadeo (1884-1920), 161,162 3i Mondolfo, Jehiel Hananiah, 121 Levantine Synagogue (Venice), 84 Mondolfo, Shabbetai Rafael Hai, 121 Libro de Como se Fazen as Cores, 134—7 Moravia, 61 Liebermann, Max (1847-193 5), 144,161 Mordekhai ben Hillel haKohen (ca. Lilien, Ephraim Moses (1874-1925), 143 1240-1298), 36,120, i8in48, i83ni9 Loeb, M. J. (ca. 1870), 111 Moses, 5,126-9 Louis, Morris (1912-62), 152-5 mosques, and architecture of medieval syna Louis XIV, King (France, 1638-1715), 63 gogues, 78, 79, I92nn35—6 Louis Rudolf of Braunschweig (r. 1731-35), Motzkin, Leo (1867-1933), 143 86 Muhammad V (Nasrid ruler), y6 Lucas of Tuy (ca. 1230), 16, 72 murals, in i6th-century Italian synagogues, 83—6. See also frescoes Ma 'aseh Efod, 14 Maimonides (1138-1204), 3-4,14-15, 23-4, Nahmanides (1194-1270), 118,122,129 50, 53, 84,104-9, n8> H9> i86n46 Nathan haBavli (2nd century), 69-71 Mainz (Germany), 132-4 Nathanson, Joseph Saul (1810-75), 66-8, majolica, and porcelain, 59, 60 i9omo4 Majorca (Spain), 112 nationalism: and Buber on Jewish art, 143, Marx, Alexander (1878-19 53), 163-6 146,173ni7; and collecting of Jewish art, 4 Mecklenburg (Germany), 140,141 Nevelson, Louise (1899-1988), 150 Meir, Rabbi (2nd century), 21,185^8 Newman, Barnett (1905-70), 150

INDEX 233

Nissim, Rabbenu (ca. 1310-75), 57, 81, prayer rugs, Islamic, 46—50,119 I92n42 prayer shawls (tallii), 43, 45f, 104—9,1841131, Notizblatt (periodical), 157 i85n38,198n35,198^7 Pressburg (Austria), 127 Oholiab (tribe of Dan), 5 printing: and responsa, 2; of textiles, 63—6, Orloff, Chana (1888-1968), 35ft 162 i89nio2 Ost und West (periodical), 143 Proklos (ca. 140-230 CE), 21, 22 Other, art of the: as artistic theme in Hebrew property rights, and synagogue, 90—7 Bible, 8; and belts with human images, pulpit, and decoration of synagogue, 70 37-9; as diachronic theme in rabbinic Pumpedita (Babylonia), 69, 71, i9onio texts, 10-14; and Islamic prayer rugs in synagogues, 46-50; and Jewish art made rabbinic texts: and acceptance of new art from used textiles, 61—3; and reuse of forms, 17; aesthetics and appreciation of articles decorated with Christian images, beauty of art in, 13-16; and architecture 54—8; and reuse of Christian vestments of synagogues, 16-17; artistic themes in, and religious articles, 42—6; and reuse of 3-4; art of the Other as theme in, 10-14; Church buildings as synagogues, 66—8; characteristics of, xvii-xviii; notes on and synagogue textiles with images, translation of, xvii. See also halakhah; 39-42, 50-3, 63-6 Law, Code of Jewish; responsa; Shulhan Arukh Pach, Abraham, 140,142 Radbaz. See Zimra, David ibn Abi Palace Chapel (Aachen), 112, ii3f Razsvet (periodical), 161 Palermo (Sicily), 78-80 Recanati, Elia, 121 Palimpsests, i85n4o Reform movement: growth of during 19th Pann, Abel (1883-1963), 147 century, 32; and postwar American Papal States, 120 Jewry, 97 Pascin, Jules (1885-1930), 162 responsa, description of genre, 1-2. See also Paulus von Vianen (ca. 1570-1613), 43 halakhah; Law, Code of Jewish; rabbinic Pedro I (the Cruel) of Castile (1320-67), 76 texts; Shulhan Arukh Peretz, Rabbi, 57 Responsa Noda biYehudah, 90-7 Pesaro (Italy), 120-3 Riegl, Alois (1858-1905), 143 Pinkas Synagogue, 74, 91 Rivers, Larry (b. 1923), 150 Pissaro, Camille (1830-1903), 161,162 Roditi, Edouard (1910-98), 146-9 Polo, Marco (ca. 1254-1324), 58 Rosenberg, Harold (1906-85), 149-52 porcelain, use of as dinnerware, 58-60, Roth, Cecil (1899-1970), 31 i89n89 Rothko, Mark (1903-70), 150 Portugal, 134,135 Rudolph I, Habsburg Emperor (1218-91), 42 Post-Modernism, 152-3 Prague, 31-2, 43, 74, 91,184^9 Sabbateanism, 90 prayer books, and figurative illuminations, St. Louis World's Fair (1904), 158 109-11 Salom d'ltalia (b. 1619), 11

234 INDEX

Samaria, and palace of Ahab, 8, 9f, I74n32, Simeon Kayyara (9th century), 182ml 1751133 Smithsonian Institution (Washington, Samuel ben Elkanah (18th century), 88 D.C.), 158, 207n9 Santa Maria de la Blanca (Toledo), j6 Sofer, Moses (1762-1839), 31-4,126-9, Santa Maria del Popolo (Palermo), 78 i8in5i, 203ni22 Saragossa (Spain), 11 Solomon, King (10th century BCE), 6,10,14 Schapiro, Meyer (1904-96), 109 Solomon Perlsticker of Prague, 51 Schechter, Solomon (1847-1915), 100, ioif Spain: Alba Bible and Jewish-Christian dia Schiff, Jacob (1847-1920), 158 logue, 25; and decoration of synagogues Schoenberger, Guido (1891-1974), 164-5, in 12th century, 70; and dedicatory 2o8ni9 inscription of synagogue El Transito in scripts, use of on ceremonial art, 104-9, Toledo, 76—8; and economic role of Jew I98n39,199n42 ish women in medieval society, 54; Jew sculpture, and Kook on iconoclasm in 20th ish silversmiths in medieval and century, 34-6. See also coinage; icono Christian ceremonial objects, in; clasm; seals mosques and synagogues after Recon- seals: and animal images, 24f; Court Jews in quista, 79 Sweden and carving of, 139-42; and Spanish Synagogue (Venice), 84 human images, i82n9 Spira, Aaron Simeon (1600-79), 31 seating, in synagogue, 90—1. See also cathe stained glass, in Cologne synagogue circa drae 1200,17, 71-6 Sefer Mizvot haGadol (The Great Book of Star of David, and Zionist symbolism, Commandments), 42—6 129-31 Sefer Ravi'ah, 39-40 Steinberg, Leo (b. 1920), 18 Servo de Levis (1570-1616/27), 11, i3f Steinberg, Saul (1914-90), 150 Seven Years War (1756-1765), 140 Stockholm (Sweden), 140-2 Seville, Spain, 79 Struck, Hermann (1876-1944), 144,146 Shahn, Benjamin (1898-1969), 151 Study for Jerusalem (Ury, ca. 1896), I45f Shulhan Arukh (The Code of Jewish Law), Sura, Babylonia, 69, 71, i9onio 28-30, 35, 36, 50, 94, 95,120-1. See also Susslin haKohen, Alexander (14th century), halakhah; Law, Code of Jewish; rabbinic I95I174 texts Sweden, 139—42 Sicily, 78-80, i83n23 Synagogue of the Babylonians (Cairo), 101 silver and silversmithing: and agreement Synagogue of Kremsier (Bohemia), I24f between Jewish community of Aries and synagogues: and animal image on Torah ark Robin Asard, in—14; and inventory of in Candia, Crete, 116-20; and architec ceremonial objects of synagogues of Old ture of 20th-century in U.S., 97-9; and Cairo in nth and 12th centuries, 100-4. cathedrae, 39—41, i82ni6; of Danzig and See also gold and goldsmithing collections of Jewish Museum, 166; coro th Simeon ben Gamaliel (ist century, 21, 22—3, nation of exilarch and decoration of 10 - 37,56 century Babylonian, 69-71; and

INDEX 235

dedicatory inscription of El Transito in of for Jewish art, 61-3,184^6; syna Toledo, 76-8; description of i8th-century gogues and use of textiles with woven fig at Braunschweig, 86-9; description of ures, 50—3; and Torah curtains made i5th-century at Palermo, 78-80; and from printed fabric, 63-6, i89nio2. See inventory of ceremonial art in Genizah also clothing; prayer rugs; prayer shawls Cairo of 11th and 12th centuries, 100-4; Theophilus (ca. 1120), 134,135 and Islamic art and architecture, 11, tikim (Torah cases), 101,196114., lyymi 78-9,192nn33, 35-6; mural paintings in Toledo (Spain), 11, 25, 76-8,1911127 i6th-century Italian, 83—6; and ownership tombstones, images on, 31-4 of ceremonial objects, 80-2; property Torah: and communal Jewish life, 10; and rights and architecture of, 90-7; rabbinic individual ownership of ornaments, texts and architecture of, 16—17; and 203ni22 reuse of Christian vestments and reli —ark, 116-23 gious articles, 43, 61-3; reuse of Church —binder, 6if, 63 buildings as, 66-8; and seating, 90-1; —crown, 82,112-14 stained glass and decoration of Cologne —curtains, 17, 43, 46, 51, 52f, 62, 63-6, i3of ca. 1200, 71—6; statue of Babylonian ruler —finials, 16, 82, 83f in Nehardea, i82ni3; textiles in Iraqi of —mantles, 43, 44f, 61, 62,101 10th century, 197^5; and use of figured —shield, 114-16, 126-9 textiles, 39-44, 50-3, 63-6 —tikim (cases), 101,196114, i^ynn Tosafot (Tosafists), 35, 37-9 Tabernacle, 6 Trabot, Azriel (ca. 1475-1525), 120,122 Talmud: and dragon as symbol of idolatry, trade: impact of on halakhic literature, 59; I78ni5; idolatry and non-Jews, 185^9; and importation of Chinese porcelain, and The Mordekhai, i8in48; and 58; and introduction of new forms of art, responsa, 2; and Torah scroll, 20on69. 17; Jews and Islamic prayer rugs, 46 See also Avodah Zarah, Tosafot Trani, Moses (1500-80), 116,122 —Babylonian, 37-9,172ml, 182ml, Tur (legal code), 50 187-8^3, 20on69 —Jerusalem, 116,172ml United States, and Judaism: and architecture Tarn, Rabbenu (1100-71), 57 of 20th-century synagogues, 97—9; and Tel Aviv, 160-3 Jewish population in 1850s, 6y; postwar Temple, Jerusalem, 6-8, 90, 202ni04 Jewish artists and modern art, 152; reuse textiles: art of the Other and images of birds of Church buildings as synagogues, 66 and animals on, 39—42; and embroidery, Ury, Lesser (1861-1931), 143-6 I05f; and inventory of ceremonial art of synagogues of Old Cairo in 11th and 12th Various or Divers Arts, The, 134— 5 centuries, 100—4;in Iraqi synagogues of Venice, 54, 83-4,193n48 10th century, 197^5; and reuse of Chris Venturi, Isaac Rafael, 121 tian vestments and religious articles by Venturi, Moses, 121 Jews, 42-6, 54, i84n29, i86n56; and reuse Vidal Mayor, 11, i2f, 42

236 INDEX

Vilna Museum, 161 YIVO Historical Institute, 161 Yose, Rabbi (2nd century), 125 Warburg, Felix (1871-1937) & Frieda Schiff (1876-1958), 164,167 Zeror, Solomon (16th century), 137-9 Weizmann, Chaim (1874-1952), 143 Zimra, David ibn Abi (Radbaz), 33, 54-8, Wickhoff, Franz (1853-1909), 143 80-2,105,108-9,116-20, 122,123, Wissenschaft des Judentum (movement for sci i87n64, i88n78, lyzn^z, 2om86 entific study of Judaism), 17 Zion, Moses of Izmir, 58 women, economic role of Jewish in medieval Zionism: and Abraham Isaac Kook, 34; and Spanish society, 54 symbolism of Star of David, 129-31 World's Columbian Exhibition (Chicago, Zunz, Leopold (1794-1886), 143 1893), 158 Worms (Germany), 61