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Salt Lake County: Fair Housing Equity Assessment and Regional Analysis of Impediments

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Salt Lake County: Fair Housing Equity Assessment and Regional Analysis of Impediments Salt Lake County: Fair Housing Equity Assessment and Regional Analysis of Impediments Bureau of Economic and Business Research David Eccles School of Business University of Utah James Wood John Downen DJ Benway Darius Li Fair Housing Equity Assessment ......................................................................... 1 Summary: Fair Housing Equity Assessment, Salt Lake County .............................................. 1 Background: Demographic Change Through a Fair Housing Lens .................................................... 2 Minority and Hispanic Populations ................................................................................................... 2 Disabled Individuals ............................................................................................................................ 3 Familial Status ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Segregation ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Racially Concentrated Areas of Poverty (RCAP) and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (ECAP) .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Disparities in Opportunity ......................................................................................................................... 8 Child Care Facilities ............................................................................................................................. 9 Food Deserts ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Medically Underserved Areas/Populations ...................................................................................... 9 Crime Rates ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Deteriorating Quality of Housing Inventory ................................................................................... 9 Diversity of Home Values and Affordability ................................................................................... 9 Educational Opportunity .................................................................................................................... 9 School Opportunity Index by City .................................................................................................... 9 Minority, Low-Income Schools .......................................................................................................10 Affordable Housing Needs ..............................................................................................................11 Section I. Demographic Background: Demographic Trends of Protected Classes ............... 12 Minority and Ethnic Groups ...................................................................................................................12 Disabled Individuals .................................................................................................................................16 Change in Households by Familial Status .............................................................................................20 Change in Single-Parent Households .....................................................................................................22 Employment Data .....................................................................................................................................25 Section II. Segregation ............................................................................................................ 28 Increasing Concentrations of Minority Population .............................................................................28 Minority Households: Owners and Renters ..........................................................................................31 Population Concentration by Familial Status ........................................................................................39 Population Concentration by Disability ................................................................................................40 Concentrations of Refugees ....................................................................................................................40 Public Assistance Recipients and Concentrations of Very Low Income Protected Classes ..........42 Predicted Racial/Ethnic Composition ...................................................................................................48 Dissimilarity and Exposure Indices ........................................................................................................49 A Second Dissimilarity Index ...........................................................................................................51 Section III. Racially Concentrated Areas of Poverty (RCAP) and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (ECAP) ................................................................................................... 53 Poverty in Salt Lake County ....................................................................................................................53 S A L T L A K E C OUNTY : A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS P A G E II RCAP and ECAP Areas in Salt Lake County .......................................................................................56 At Least 40 Percent Poverty Race ...................................................................................................56 Poverty Rate Three Times County Average ...................................................................................56 Renters in RCAP and ECAP Census Tracts ..................................................................................61 Siting of Rent-Assisted Apartment Communities ................................................................................61 Section 8 Vouchers and Concentrations of Poverty ............................................................................63 Section IV. Disparities in Opportunity ................................................................................... 66 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................66 Opportunity Index ....................................................................................................................................66 Documentation of Opportunity Index ...........................................................................................71 Opportunity by Minority, Hispanics and White Non-Hispanics ................................................71 Access to Transportation Network ........................................................................................................71 Housing Values and Proximity to Employment Centers .............................................................72 Commuting to Major Employment Centers ..................................................................................76 Hospitals: Employment and Health Care .......................................................................................76 HUD Transit Index ..................................................................................................................................77 Opportunity Index for Schools ...............................................................................................................79 School Opportunity Index by City .........................................................................................................79 Low-Income Concentrated Schools: Free and Reduced Lunch .................................................80 Demographics of Student Populations ...........................................................................................87 Chronic Absenteeism .........................................................................................................................91 Limited English Proficiency (LEP) .................................................................................................91 School Proficiency ..............................................................................................................................94 Crime Rates ................................................................................................................................................97 Child Care Enhances Opportunity .........................................................................................................97 Housing Affordability and Stability ........................................................................................................99 Foreclosures ..................................................................................................................................... 101 Deteriorating Housing Stock ......................................................................................................... 104 Food Deserts .......................................................................................................................................... 105 Health Professional Shortage Areas and Medically Underserved Areas/Populations ................. 107 S A L T L A K E C OUNTY : A NALYSIS OF
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