Bayview Wind Farm

PLANT SEACRH AND RESCUE PLAN

Prepared for:

Bayview Wind Power (Pty) Ltd

Building 1 Country Club Estate, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, 2191.

Prepared by:

EOH Coastal and Environmental Services

76 Regent Road, Sea Point

With offices in East London, Johannesburg, Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth ()

www.cesnet.co.za

August 2018

Plant Search and Rescue Plan

This Report should be cited as follows: EOH Coastal & Environmental Services, August 2018, Bayview Search and Rescue Plan, CES, Cape Town.

COPYRIGHT INFORMATION This document contains intellectual property and propriety information that are protected by copyright in favour of EOH Coastal & Environmental Services (CES) and the specialist consultants. The document may therefore not be reproduced, used or distributed to any third party without the prior written consent of CES. The document is prepared exclusively for submission to the Bayview Wind Energy Facility (PTY) Ltd in the Eastern Cape, and is subject to all confidentiality, copyright and trade secrets, rules intellectual property law and practices of South Africa.

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AUTHORS

Ms Tarryn Martin, Senior Environmental Consultant and Botanical Specialist (Pri.Sci.Nat.) Tarryn holds a BSc ( and Zoology), a BSc (Hons) in African Vertebrate Biodiversity and an MSc with distinction in Botany from Rhodes University. Tarryn’s Master’s thesis examined the impact of fire on the recovery of C3 and C4 Panicoid and non-Panicoid grasses within the context of climate change for which she won the Junior Captain Scott-Medal (Plant Science) for producing the top MSc of 2010 from the South African Academy of Science and Art as well as an Award for Outstanding Academic Achievement in Range and Forage Science from the Grassland Society of . Tarryn specialises in conducting vegetation assessments including vegetation and sensitivity mapping to guide developments and thereby minimise their impacts on sensitive vegetation. She has conducted a number of vegetation and impact assessments in South Africa for renewable energy EIAs and assisted with the botanical baseline survey for the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority Polihali Dam. She has also conducted a number of vegetation surveys, to IFC standards, in Mozambique. She has also worked on a Critical Habitat Assessment for Sasol in Inhambane Province and has co-designed and implemented the Terrestrial Monitoring Program for Kenmare, MOMA, a heavy minerals mine in Mozambique.

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

DEA Department of Environmental Affairs DEDEAT Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism of the Eastern Cape ECO Environmental Control Officer EMPr Environmental Management Programme GIS Geographical Information System NEMBA National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act PNCO Provincial Nature Conservation Ordinance SA South Africa SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute SCC Species of Conservation Concern TOPS Threatened and Protected Species WEF Wind Energy Facility

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHORS ...... II ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 4 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 1.1. Purpose of the Plant SEARCH AND Rescue Plan ...... 5 1.2. Plant Rescue Principles ...... 5 2. SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN THAT OCCUR ON SITE ...... 5 3. PLANT SEARCH AND RESCUE PLAN ...... 7 3.1. Ecological Walkthrough ...... 7 3.2. Plant Permits ...... 7 3.3. Nursery Establishment ...... 7 3.4. Plant Rescue ...... 7 4. MONITORING SUCCESS RATES AND REPORTING ...... 8 5. REFERENCE LIST ...... 9 APPENDIX A ...... 10 Provincial Nature Conservation Ordinance (PNCO) 19 of 1974 ...... 10 NEMBA ...... 10 List of Protected Species Under the National Forests Act, 1998 (Act No. 84 of 1998) ...... 10 APPENDIX B ...... 11 APPENDIX C ...... 26

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. PURPOSE OF THE PLANT SEARCH AND RESCUE PLAN

The purpose of this Plant Search and Rescue Plan is to provide practical guidance on the identification (search) and translocation (recue) of Species of Conservation Concern (SCC) that will be directly impacted by infrastructure associated with the Bayview Wind Farm. This plant search and rescue plan forms part of the broader Environmental Management Programme (EMPr).

This plant search and rescue plan provided here based on the ecological survey of the general project area but this must be updated after a walkthrough of the final layout has been conducted by a qualified botanist.

1.2. PLANT RESCUE PRINCIPLES

Plant rescue and translocation must be considered as a last resort for conservation of SCC. During the EIA process, the mitigation hierarchy (avoid, minimise, mitigate) would have been applied and the plant search and rescue plan is therefore to mitigate the residual impacts associated with the wind farm infrastructure. However, it must be noted that this is only one of many mitigation measures that must be used. Furthermore, this is only partial mitigation as, although the individuals will be saved (if they survive), the habitat will be permanently lost.

Transplanting individuals into alternative sub-populations and conservation areas is not supported as translocation may result in the transmission of pathogens and/or parasites (SANBI, 2018). Therefore, rescued should only be used for the rehabilitation of affected areas within the development and/or used in public and botanical gardens for the education of the public. This plant search and rescue plan therefore advocates for the planting of these rescued species on site and within disturbed sites that need to be rehabilitated after construction.

2. SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN THAT OCCUR ON SITE

Species of Conservation Concern (SCC) refer to species that occur on one or more of the following lists (refer to appendix A for a description of each list):

 Provincial Nature Conservation Ordinance (PNCO) (1974)  National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (No. 10 of 2004) list of Threatened and Protected Species  List of Protected Tree Species under the National Forests Act, 1998 (Act No. 84 of 1998)  Species listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, Near Threatened, Critically Rare, Rare, Declining and Data Deficient on the South African Red Data List. A total of nine (9) species are listed as protected in the Eastern Cape PNCO list, and none (0) on the NEM:BA list. One (1) protected tree species (Sideroxylon inerme) was recorded to occur as scattered individuals within the study area. Species of conservation concern recorded on site, and their conservation status, are listed in Table 2-1 below and some examples

Coastal & Environmental Services 5 Bayview Wind Farm Plant Search and Rescue Plan provided in Plat 2-1. The species list in Table 1 of Appendix 1, should also be used to supplement the species in the study area since the current survey was conducted in spring, where species may have been missed, or identification was not possible, due to the absence of identifying features (, etc). Table 2.1: The following protected species in particular were encountered on site: SCIENTIFIC NAME SANBI PNCO PROTECTED

Aloe straita cf subsp. striata Least Concern Schedule 4

Boophane disticha Declining Schedule 4 -

Carissa bispinosa Least Concern Schedule 4 -

Carpobrotus sp. Least Concern Schedule 4 -

Delosperma sp. - Schedule 4 -

Drosanthemum sp. Least Concern Schedule 4 -

Freesia corymbosa Least Concern Schedule 4 -

Pachypodium bispinosum Least Concern Schedule 4 -

Pachypodium succulentum Least Concern Schedule 4 -

Sideroxylon inerme subsp. inerme Least Concern - Protected

Plate 2-1: Protected species observed within the study area.

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3. PLANT SEARCH AND RESCUE PLAN

3.1. ECOLOGICAL WALKTHROUGH

An ecological walkthrough of the final infrastructure layout that includes all hardstands, roads, powerlines, site offices and laydown areas must be undertaken by a qualified botanist prior to construction. This walkthrough must record a list of all SCC that will be impacted by the project activities, the GPS location of each species and an estimate of the population size of each species at each location.

This information must be collated into a “Groundtruthing Report”.

3.2. PLANT PERMITS

Permits for the removal of protected species must be obtained prior to construction and prior to the removal of any species. Permit applications are submitted to DEDEAT for approval.

The application for species listed on the PNCO list will include the ground truthing report referred to above as well as a covering letter. There is no application form.

The application form for the removal of listed Threatened or Protected Species (TOPS) must be completed and submitted to DEDEAT for approval. An example of the application form is included in Appendix B.

An application for the removal of protected trees must be obtained from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF). An example of the application form is included in Appendix B.

3.3. NURSERY ESTABLISHMENT

A nursery must be established on site within either the proposed site office area or in a construction laydown area or an area where no additional natural habitat will be disturbed. The nursery must have a water source and storage area of adequate capacity to provide for the amount of plant material stored.

The nursery should be fenced off from herbivores to avoid the loss of species.

3.4. PLANT RESCUE

Using the information from the ecological walkthrough, resource requirements and the methodology used to rescue each species must be determined.

An experienced horticulturist must be appointed to collect and manage the rescued plant species and operate the nursery.

Individual plants, cuttings and seeds of plants that will be destroyed during construction must be collected.

Where feasible, plants should be immediately transplanted to other disturbed/transformed sites within the project area but outside of the development footprint. These individuals must

Coastal & Environmental Services 7 Bayview Wind Farm Plant Search and Rescue Plan be protected from construction activities and monitored, and where necessary watered, to ensure their survival.

Where it is not feasible to immediately translocate plants, they should be taken to the nursery and planted in a container so that they can be cared for until they can be used for the rehabilitation of the site.

All plant material must be inspected weekly, and diseased or infested plants should be treated appropriately.

4. MONITORING SUCCESS RATES AND REPORTING

Species that have been translocated as part of the search and rescue plan must be monitored until they have become established to determine the success rate of the operation.

It is recommended that the sites are monitored every three months for a period of two years and a monitoring report provided after each monitoring event. The monitoring report should include fixed point photographs illustrating the sites that were planted over time.

Other information that should be included in the monitoring report is a record of the survival rate of each species. This can be represented as a percentage on a bar graph for easy interpretation.

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5. REFERENCE LIST

SANBI, 2018. Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). http://redlist.sanbi.org/eiaguidelines.php. Accessed: 9 July 2018.

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APPENDIX A

PROVINCIAL NATURE CONSERVATION ORDINANCE (PNCO) 19 OF 1974

The Provincial Nature Conservation Ordinance (PNCO) protects the endangered and protected flora outside of protected areas. Species classified as Schedule 3 are endangered species. Species classified as schedule 4 are protected species. A permit is required for the removal or destruction of species listed on the PNCO list.

NEMBA

The National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (No. 10 of 2004), (NEMBA) aims to establish national norms and standards for the management of biodiversity across all sectors and by different management authorities.

Chapter 4, Part 2 of the Biodiversity Act provides for listing of species as threatened or protected. If a species is listed as threatened, it must be further classified as critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable. Permits are required for the removal or destruction of species that occur on these lists. The Act defines these classes as per Table A-1 below. Table A-1: NEMBA classes and explanations Critically endangered Any indigenous species facing an extremely high risk of species extinction in the wild in the immediate future. Any indigenous species facing a high risk of extinction in the Endangered species wild in the near future, although it is not a critically endangered species. Any indigenous species facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future; although it Vulnerable species is not a critically endangered species or an endangered species. Any species which is of such high conservation value or national importance that it requires national protection”. Species listed in this category will include, among others, Protected species species listed in terms of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

LIST OF PROTECTED TREE SPECIES UNDER THE NATIONAL FORESTS ACT, 1998 (ACT NO. 84 OF 1998)

No person may cut, disturb, damage or destroy any protected tree or possess, collect, remove, transport, export, purchase, sell, donate or in any other manner acquire or dispose of any protected tree or any forest product derived from a protected tree, unless a permit has been acquired.

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APPENDIX B

ANNEXURE 1

APPLICATION FORM

APPLICATION FOR PERMIT/S IN TERMS OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: BIODIVERSITY ACT (ACT

10 OF 2004) AUTHORISING RESTRICTED ACTIVITY/-IES INVOLVING LISTED THREATENED OR PROTECTED SPECIES

A. APPLICANT DETAILS:

NAME:

IDENTITY OR PASSPORT NO:

TEL NO:

FAX NO:

E-MAIL:

POSTAL ADRESS: PHYSICAL ADDRESS:

B. KIND OF PERMIT APPLIED FOR (Tick off):

ORDINARY STANDING

POSSESSION PERSONAL EFFECTS PERMIT

GAME FARM HUNTING PERMIT NURSERY POSSESSION PERMIT

RENEWAL AMENDMENT

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C. IF THE APPLICATION APPLIES TO A STANDING PERMIT (Tick off):

PROVINCIAL DEPARTMENT NATIONAL DEPARTMENT

PROTECTED AREA M.A. VETERINARIAN

CAPTIVE BREEDING OPERATION SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION

SANCTUARY REHABILITATION FACILITY

COMMERCIAL EXHIBITION FACILITY NURSERY

GAME FARM WILDLIFE TRADER - GAME CAPTURER

WILDLIFE TRADER - TAXIDERMIST WILDLIFE TRADER – CURIO DEALER

D. KIND OF RESTRICTED ACTIVITY APPLIED FOR (see section H in the case of a hunt):

E. PROPERTY WHERE RESTRICTED ACTIVITY WILL TAKE PLACE

Possession / Hunt / Catch / Capture / Gather / Collect/ Grow / Breed/ Other applicable restricted activity:

PHYSICAL ADDRESS: POSTAL ADDRESS

F. Transport / Convey / Export / Import / Buy / Sell / Donate/ Other applicable restricted activity:

FROM: TO:

PHYSICAL ADDRESS: PHYSICAL ADDRESS:

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G. SPECIES INVOLVED:

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME QUANTITY PARTICULARS OF SPECIMEN (such as sex, size, age, markings, derivatives etc.)

H. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR HUNT:

(i) HUNTING CLIENT AND APPLICANT DETAILS (if applicable):

HUNTING CLIENT NAME:

PASSPORT NUMBER:

PHYSICAL ADDRESS:

(ii) HUNTING OUTFITTER AND PROFESSIONAL HUNTER DETAILS (if applicable):

HUNTING OUTFITTER PROFESSIONAL HUNTER

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NAME: NAME:

TEL NO: TEL NO:

(iii) DURATION OF HUNTING TRIP:

ARRIVAL DATE: (dd/mm/year) DEPARTURE DATE: (dd/mm/year)

(iv) WEAPON AND METHOD OF HUNT:

WEAPON METHOD

I. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STANDING PERMITS:

REGISTRATION NUMBER:

…………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………

Signature of applicant Date of application

J. OFFICIAL USE

NAME OF INSPECTION OFFICIAL SIGNATURE OF INSPECTION DATE: APPROVED / REFUSED OFFICIAL

REASONS FOR REFUSAL:

K. PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF PERMIT

FROM: TO:

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(dd/mm/year) (dd/mm/year)

NAME OF SIGNATURE OF DATE: AMOUNT RECEIPT NR APPROVED / REFUSED PERMIT PERMIT OFFICIAL PAID OFFICIAL

REASON FOR REFUSAL:

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APPENDIX C FAMILY SPECIES NAME SANBI RED LIST IUCN PNCO NEMBA CARA PROTECTED TREES ACANTHACEAE Barleria obtusa Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ AIZOACEAE Carpobrotus sp. ˗ ˗ Possibly ˗ ˗ ˗ Schedule 4 AIZOACEAE Delosperma sp. Least Concern Possibly Schedule 4 AIZOACEAE Drosanthemum sp. ˗ ˗ Possibly ˗ ˗ ˗ Schedule 4 AIZOACEAE Lampranthus spectabilis ˗ ˗ Schedule 4 ˗ ˗ ˗

AIZOACEAE Mesembryanthemum aitonis Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ AIZOACEAE Phyllobolus sp. ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ AIZOACEAE Trichodiadema bulbosum Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ AMARILLYDACEAE Boophane disticha Least Concern ˗ Schedule 4 ˗ ˗ ˗ crenata Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ANACARDIACEAE Searsia glauca Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ANACARDIACEAE Searsia longispina Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ APOCYNACEAE Carissa bispinosa Least Concern ˗ Schedule 4 ˗ ˗ ˗ APOCYNACEAE Pachypodium bispinosum Least Concern ˗ Schedule 4 ˗ ˗ ˗ APOCYNACEAE Pachypodium succulentum Least Concern ˗ Schedule 4 ˗ ˗ ˗

ASPHODELACEAE Aloe ferox Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASPHODELACEAE Gasteria disticha Endangered ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ B1ab(ii,iii,v)+2ab(ii,iii,v) ASPHODELACEAE Aloe striata Least Concern Least Schedule 4 ˗ ˗ ˗ Concern ASPHODELACEAE Bulbine asphodeloides Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ Cotula sericea Rare ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASTERACEAE Chrysanthemoides monilifera Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASTERACEAE Chrysocoma ciliata Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASTERACEAE Disparago ericoides Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗

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ASTERACEAE Euryops ericifolius Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASTERACEAE filifolia Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASTERACEAE Felicia muricata Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASTERACEAE Gazania rigida Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASTERACEAE Osteospermum imbricatum Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASTERACEAE Pteronia incana Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ASTERACEAE/ Senecio sp. ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ COMPOSITAE BIGNONIACEAE Rhigozum obovatum Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ BORAGINACEAE Ehretia rigida Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ BRASICCACEAE aphylla Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ BRASICCACEAE Heliophila sp. ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ CACTACEAE Opuntia sp. ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia capitata Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ CELASTRACEAE Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ CONVOLVULACEAE Falkia repens Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ CRASSULACEAE Cotyledon orbiculata Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ CRASSULACEAE Crassula capitella Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ CRASSULACEAE Crassula mesembryanthemoides Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ CRASSULACEAE Crassula muscosa Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ EBENACEAE Euclea undulata Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ELATINACEAE Bergia sp. Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ERICACEAE Erica sp. ˗ ˗ Schedule 4 ˗ ˗ ˗ EUPHORBIACEAE Clutia alaternoides Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia barnadii ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia bubalina Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia caput-medusae Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia clavarioides Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia mauritanica Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗

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EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia stellata Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ GERANIACEAE Pelargonium sp. ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ HYACINTHACEAE Albuca batteniana Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ HYACINTHACEAE Ledebouria ensifolia Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ HYACINTHACEAE Massonia hirsuta Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ IRIDACEAE Freesia corymbosa Least Concern Least Schedule 4 ˗ ˗ ˗ Concern LAMIACEAE Becium burchellianum Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ MALVACEAE Grewia robusta Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ MALVACEAE Grewia robusta Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ MALVACEAE Hibiscus pusillus Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ PORTULACACEAE Portulacaria afra Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ RUSCACEAE Sansevieria hyacinthoides Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ SANTALACEAE Osyris compressa Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ SAPOTACEAE Sideroxylon inerme Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ Protected SCROPHULARIACEAE Anastrabe integerrima Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ SCROPHULARIACEAE Jamesbrittenia microphylla Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ SOLANACEAE Lycium sp. ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ THYMELAEACEAE Passerina corymbosa Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Zygophyllum divaricatum Least Concern ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗

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