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Spotlight on Ocean Energy: 20 Projects + 5 Policy Initiatives

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Spotlight on Ocean Energy: 20 Projects + 5 Policy Initiatives SPOTLIGHT ON OCEAN ENERGY 20 PROJECTS + 5 POLICY INITIATIVES April 2018 Disclaimer: The OES, also known as the Technology Collaboration Programme for Ocean Energy Systems, functions within a framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings and publications of OES do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or its individual member countries INDEX 04 INTRODUCTION 08 SPOTLIGHT ON 20 OCEAN ENERGY PROJECTS AND 5 POLICY INITIATIVES 10 Korea: Sihwa Tidal Power Plant 11 China: LHD Tidal Current Energy Demonstration Project 12 Canada: Cape Sharp Tidal Project 13 France: SABELLA D10 Tidal Turbine 14 Italy: GEM “the Ocean’s Kite” 15 UK: Scotrenewables floating tidal system 16 UK: Shetland Tidal Array 17 Canada: Water Wall Turbine 18 Norway: Deep River Power Plant 19 Belgium: Laminaria Wave Energy Converter 20 Denmark: Resen Waves Smart Ocean Buoy 21 Ireland: Ocean Energy O35 Buoy 22 Portugal: Waveroller 23 Spain: Oceantec MARMOK A-5 Project 24 Sweden: Seabased Sotenäs Project 25 USA: Columbia Power Technologies Wave Energy Generator 26 India: Wave Power Navigational Buoy 27 Netherlands: Blue Energy Reverse Electrodialysis Project 28 Japan: Okinawa OTEC plant 29 Germany: StEnSea project Initiatives 30 UK: Wave Energy Scotland 30 USA: Wave Energy Prize 31 Mexico: CEMIE-Océano 32 Singapre: SEAcORE 32 European Commission: OCEANERA-NET INTRODUCTION 4 ABOUT OES The Technology Collaboration Programme on Ocean Energy Systems, known as OES is an intergovernmental collaboration between countries, which operates under a framework established by the International Energy Agency in Paris. OES was founded by three countries in 2001 and has grown to its present 25 members, which provide a broad international base of information, sharing experience and knowledge and further a diversified representation of interests: members are from governmental departments, utilities, universities and research organizations, energy agencies and industry associations. THE OES • Securing access to advanced R&D teams in the participating countries; INTERNATIONAL • Developing a harmonized set of measures and testing protocols for the testing of prototypes; CO-OPERATION • Reducing national costs by collaborating internationally; FACILITATES: • Creating valuable international contacts between government, industry and science; • Sharing information and networking. OCEAN ENERGY POTENTIAL The ocean energy sector provides significant opportunities The OES Vision for International Deployment of Ocean to contribute to the production of low carbon renewable Energy estimated a global potential to develop 748 GW of energy around the world. Utilization of ocean energy ocean energy by 2050. Deployment of ocean energy can resources will contribute to the world’s future sustainable provide significant benefits in terms of jobs and investments. energy supply. Ocean energy will supply electricity, drinking The global carbon savings achieved through the deployment water and other products at competitive prices, creating of ocean energy could also be substantial. By 2050 this level jobs and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. It will of ocean energy deployment could save up to 5.2 billion reduce the world energy sector’s carbon emissions, whilst tonnes of CO2. minimizing impacts on marine environments. SPOTLIGHT ON OCEAN ENERGY PROJECTS | 5 THE OCEAN ENERGY POTENTIAL IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING ENERGY RESOURCES LOCATED IN OUR OCEANS: TIDAL ENERGY OCEAN AND WAVE ENERGY RIVER CURRENTS Tidal energy is derived by Waves are created by the action height changes in sea level, Ocean currents are the constant of wind passing over the surface caused by the gravitational flows of water around the oceans. of the ocean. Wave heights and attraction of the moon, the sun These currents always flow in one thus energy are greatest at higher and other astronomical bodies direction and are driven by wind, latitudes, where the trade winds on oceanic water bodies. The water temperature, water salinity blow across large stretches of potential energy (tidal range) of and density amongst other factors. open ocean and transfer power the difference in the height of They are part of the thermo-haline to the sea swells and west-facing water at high and low tides can convection system, which moves coasts of continents tend to have be captured wit tidal barrages, water around the world. better wave energy resources. while the kinetical energy from Similarly, river currents are There are number of diverse wave the moving water of the tide available in all continents all year energy converter (WEC) concepts (tidal currents) can also be long and can be used for energy being developed, most of them captured using different tidal generation. Both ocean and river being intended to be modular and current energy converters mainly current energy technologies are deployed in arrays to capture the based on tidal turbines deployed being developed to capture this kinetic and potential energy from in arrays, similarly to wind farms kinetic energy with most concepts ocean waves and convert it to but underwater. being also based on water turbines electricity or pumping water for deployed in arrays. different uses. 6 Other uses of ocean energy Ocean energy can also be used for activities other than electricity generation or in combined hybrid systems that enhanced SALINITY GRADIENT OCEAN THERMAL the overall systems efficiency. There are Seawater is approximately 200 Ocean thermal energy arises times more saline than fresh from the temperature difference many technologies being river water, derived from rain, between near-tropical surface explored for producing snowmelt and groundwater, seawater, which may be more drinking water through which is delivered to the coast by than 20º C hotter than the desalination, supplying major rivers. The relatively high temperatures of deep ocean compressed air for salinity of seawater establishes water, which tends to be aquaculture, hydrogen a chemical pressure potential relatively constant at about production by electrolysis with fresh river water, which can 4º C. Bringing large quantities be used to generate electricity. of this cold seawater to surface or sea-based air Salinity gradient power thus has its enables a heat exchange conditioning. greatest potential at the mouths of process with the warmer major rivers, where large volumes surface waters, from which of fresh water flow out to sea. energy can be extracted. Ocean There are two technologies being Thermal Energy Conversion developed to convert this energy (OTEC) is a technology to into electricity: pressure retarded convert this energy resource osmosis (PRO) and reverse into electricity or other uses. electrodialysis (RED). SPOTLIGHT ON OCEAN ENERGY PROJECTS | 7 SPOTLIGHT ON 20 OCEAN ENERGY PROJECTS AND 5 POLICY INITIATIVES 8 This report provides insights of 20 ocean energy projects 9 and 5 policy initiatives on 6 15 1 11 8 7 4 the OES member countries. 12 18 10 4 These projects are good 5 3 14 examples of the intense 16 13 20 5 1 activity of this emerging 2 19 sector but there is a much 2 larger number of relevant 3 17 projects being developed world wide not included in 4 this report. Projects 1. Korea Sihwa Tidal Power Plant Tidal 2. China LHD Tidal Current Energy Demonstration Project 3. Canada Cape Sharp Tidal Project 4. France SABELLA D10 Tidal Turbine 5. Italy GEM "the Ocean's Kite" Tidal current You can find more 6. UK Scotrenewables floating tidal system information on other 7. UK Shetland Tidal Array projects at OES interactive 8. Canada Water Wall Turbine GIS map available on 9. Norway Deep River Power Plant River current our website. 10. Belgium Laminaria Wave Energy Converter 11. Denmark Resen Waves Smart Ocean Buoy 12. Ireland OcenEnergy O35 Buoy 13. Portugal Waveroller Waves 14. Spain Oceantec MARMOK A-5 Project Initiatives 15. Sweden Seabased Sotenäs Project 1. UK Wave Energy Scotland 16. USA Columbia Power Technologies Wave Energy Generator 2. USA Wave Energy Prize 17. India Wave Power Navigational Buoy 3. Mexico Cemie-Océano 18. Netherlands Blue Energy Reverse Electrodialysis Project Salinity Gradient 4. Singapre SEAcORE 19. Japan Okinawa OTEC plant OTEC 5. European OCEANERA-NET 20. Germany StEnSea project Other uses Commission SPOTLIGHT ON OCEAN ENERGY PROJECTS | 9 SPOTLIGHT ON OCEAN ENERGY PROJECTS 01 Sihwa Tidal Power Plant Project South Korea FACTS AND FIGURES Lake Sihwa is a man-made lake constructed from June 1987 to January 1994 originally planned for supplying water to an agricultural and industrial area, but after the completion of the embankment, severe water contamination appeared. In 2002, the Korean government approved a plan called K-Water for constructing a tidal power plant to improve water quality of the lake by regular exchange and circulation of seawater while harvesting renewable energy. The turn-key based project was started in 2004 and completed in December 2011 with the installed capacity of 254 MW (10 units of one-way bulb turbine-generator of 25.4 MW unit capacity) and 8 sluices with an opening of 15x 12m each, Aerial view of construction of Sihwa TPP (top) and restored generating 553GWh of electricity per year. tidal flat after operation of Sihwa TPP (down) In addition to the electricity generation, the project has rapidly improved the water quality and the Details about the project species diversity of Lake Sihwa. Concretely, the Project Type | Commercial project organic content in the sediment decreased from K-Water Tidal Power Plant 8% to 1-2% between 2009 and 2013 and the Technology name | number of species of benthos increased from 83 Technology type | Tidal barrage to 232 between 2005 and 2014. Technology developer | K-Water Energy source | Tidal Range Location | Gyeonggi Bay (South Korea) Status | Operational Project Capacity | 254 MW Website | http://tlight.kwater.or.kr 10 02 LHD Tidal Current Energy Demonstration Project China FACTS AND FIGURES This tidal current demonstration project is being developed near Xiushan island by the LHD Technology. So far, two vertical axis LHD Tidal Current turbines have been installed (of 400 kW and 600 kW respectively) on a bottom-standing platform and connected to the grid in August 2016.
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