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The Ukrainian Weekly 1989, No.35

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The Ukrainian Weekly 1989, No.35 www.ukrweekly.com 35- Іі5Ие(і by Iht Ukraintan National Associatiop Inc.. a frattrnal non-profit associitioii!| ШrainianWeekl V Vol. LVII No. 35 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. AUGUST 27,1989 50 cents Soviet nationalities policy draft program Baltic nations protest Nazi-Soviet pact promises "strong center, strong republics" as Kremlin concedes its illegality by Dr. Roman Solchanyk ties," How the Soviet state structure JERSEY CITY, N.J. - Just five the special committee set up by the came to be "ossified" is not pursued. days before the 50th anniversary of the USSR Supreme Soviet to review the The Communist Party of the Soviet Indeed, nowhere in the platform is there Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the Kremlin Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Union has adopted what amounts to a any reference to Stalin or Stalinism, conceded for the first time that the Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians, position paper on nationalities policy although the document refers to post- Soviet-Nazi non-aggression treaty had however, on August 23 voiced their that is to be discussed at the forth­ Leninist "contradictions," "deforma­ secretly and illegally divided Eastern vehement disagreement with the Krem­ coming Central Committee plenum on tions" and the "administrative-com­ Europe into spheres of influence. lin's pronouncement, as they joined nationality relations scheduled for mand system." However, the Kremlin continued to hands in a public demonstration that September. Published in the August 17 It also cites mass repressions and insist that secret protocols to the pact spanned the territory of the three edition of Pravda, the document is titled enumerates the wholesale deportations had no bearing on the fact that Estonia, formerly independent republics. "The Party's Nationalities Policy under of entire nations (Kalmyks, Karachai, Latvia and Lithuania had become part A statement issued by the popular Present Conditions (Platform of the Balkars, Chechens, Ingush, Crimean of the Soviet Union, and that an admis­ movements of the three nations said CPSU)/' Tatars, Meskhetian Turks, Germans, sion that the pact was illegal did not that the USSR "infringed on the histo­ The Politburo had examined an Koreans, Greeks and Kurds), but makes alter the political status of the three Bal­ rical rights of the Baltic nations to self- earlier variant of the draft at its July 14 no mention of the deportations in the tic states. determination, presented^uthless ulti­ session, but decided that it needed Soviet-occupied Baltic states, western "Neither the agreement, nor the pro­ matums to the Baltic republics, oc­ further work and evaluation by the Ukraine, western Byelorussia and Mol­ tocol added to it, determined the legal cupied them with overwhelming mili­ Central Committees in the republics. In davia. and political status of Lithuania, Latvia tary force, and under conditions of the preface, the platform is described as The introduction also contains the and Estonia,"said AleksandrYakovlev, military occupation and heavy political the result of analysis and comparison of platform's single reference to "the a member of the Politburo of the terror carried out their violent annexa­ the views of a variety of institutions, the Soviet people" (Sovietskiy narod) as "a Communist Party of the Soviet Union tions." general public and "various social new social community," a reference and close advisor to President Mikhail The statement also underlined the movements.'' Presumably, the latter which cannot be expected to generate Gorbachev. Mr. Yakovlev also heads (Continued on page 3) refers also to the popular fronts and enthusiasm in the republics. informal organizations that have taken Similarly, non-Russians are hardly shape in the Soviet Union over the likely to be sympathetic to the argument course of the past several years. that the Russian nation suffered in 2,000 in Kiev condemn 1939 pact equal measure from the "violation of KIEV - The Ukrainian Press Agency hold the meeting close to the Supreme The historical burden Leninist principles of nationalities has received information that a 2,000- Soviet. However permission was grant­ policy," that Russia "was and remains strong meeting held yesterday at the ed to hold the meeting in a different A brief historical introduction, titled the consolidating basis of our entire Kiev Central Stadium to condemn the location. And because it was only "The Legacy That We Inherited," dis­ union," and that it made "a decisive signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop received on August 21, large crowds cusses both the positive and negative contribution to overcoming the back­ Pact was viciously broken up by the gathered by the Supreme Soviet and features of more than 70 years of Soviet wardness of the national regions." authorities. The organizers of the then started their march towards the experience with the national question, At the same time, it is conceded that meeting were the informal Ukrainian Central Stadium. raising from the start the one issue that in the past the party developed '4he- National-Democratic League (UNDL) Estonian, Latvian, Byelorussian, has remained crucial throughout and oretical directives for the forced draw­ and the Ukrainian Helsinki Union Moldavian and Ukrainian national, under which virtually all aspects of ing together (sblizhenie) of nations" and (UHU). flags were on display during the march. nationality relations in a multinational insisted on the spurious notion that '4he Eariier, the organizers had applied The militia stopped a member of the polity can be subsumed — i.e., the national question had been fully and for permission to the city authorities to (Cmitinued on page 3) nature of the relationship betv/een the finally solved." center and the periphery. In this connection, the document The main tasks Sapeliak ordered to Chornobyl clean-up refers to the debates on the eve of the JERSEY CITY, N.J. - Stepan formation of the USSR in December The platform represents an attempt Sapeliak, a dissident poet in Kharkiv, 1922 between those who favored a loose to rethink, reconcile and "harmonize" Ukraine, was taken into custody by the confederation of socialist republics and the longstanding Soviet concept of the Red Army and ordered to report on the proponents of republican autonomy "dialectical unity" of the national and August 22 for clean-up duty at Chor- within the Russian federation, and the international in its practical appli­ nobyl as punishment for national-rights posits Lenin's concept of the "Soviet cation to current conditions. activity, reported the newspaper Homin federation" as the optimal solution. On the one hand, it recognizes that Ukrainy (Echoes of Ukraine) last week. These early debates on the nature of each nation should have '4he right and the Soviet state have obvious contem­ real possibility of preserving its inde­ The head of the Kharkiv branch of the porary relevance in view of the de­ pendence (samostoyatelnost), unique­ unofficial Ukrainian Helsinki Union mands, particularly in the Baltic re­ ness, culture, traditions and language." and founder of the Ukrainian Youth publics, for the transformation of the At the same time, the party is interested Association (SUM) reportedly tele­ USSR into a confederation of sovereign in "augmenting and increasing the inter­ phoned the office of Homin Ukrainy on states regulated by treaty arrangements. national unity of socialist society and August 18 to report that he had been The platform clearly rejects the strengthening the multinational Soviet OTdcTcd to report for work for three confederation approach, arguing — state." months on the stricken block 4 of the with little respect for the niceties of logic Some would argue that these objec­ Chornobyl nuclear power plant, the site - that there is no need to replace the tives are mutually exclusive and that the of a nuclear accident in April 1986. 1922 treaty because the current Soviet exercise is pointless. Nonetheless, the A former political prisoner, Mr. Constitution is itself a "treaty docu­ platform maintains that the party Sapeliak appealed that all individuals ment." What this explains is difficult to intends to establish relations between he met during his recent visit to Canada say. On the other hand, the platform nations in the Soviet Union "on a new - and the United States intervene on his also refers to today's "ossified forms of basis" and develop "effective state, behalf to the Soviet authorities and send national-state structure" that do not social and economic mechanisms en­ telegrams to the regional military fully permit "consideration of new suring the organic combination of authorities to prevent bis punitive draft. needs and exploitation of new possibili- (Continued on page 7) Stepan Sapeliak (Continued on page 3) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 27,1989 No. 35 Number of unofficial publications in Ukraine steadily increases LONDON - The number of publi­ 0OftreCilf -^ ІЮбвРвТе ! World, Memorial and the Lev Society. cations published by unofficial or semi­ Also in the first issue was a brief official groups has steadily increased in article on the "Persecution of Rukh Ukraine, reported the Ukrainian Press Members" by the authorities, including Agency here last week. Roman Hladush, a lawyer and senior The Popular Movement of Ukraine member who was badly beaten on June for Perebudova, commonly known as 13, and Bohdan Horyn, a Rukh and ГІШАїиМ ОРГАН ІЇІ НАРОДНОГОРУХУ UHU activist, who was detained on the Rukh, launched its own publica­ їй ЗА ПЕРЕБУДОВУ. tion in July called Visnyk Rukhu June 14. The piece also described how (Herald of the Movement), uhile diffe­ 'ВІЧЕВИЙ ДЗВІН rumors were deliberately being circu­ Отже: "Bl4f-. До uteT НАЗВИ иа- rent journals are being published by the ного мкдшшя мк прийшла їм відразу. lated by the KGB that Ukrainians were Буяж спІ.вт.юіошш низки иазй, роз­ various Rukh organizations around думи: ЯКІ ивооіяції аикликитимо в preparing a pogrom against Jewish, читача кохиа а них? Вибір білвиооті Ukraine. арипав - "ВХЧЕ"-"""- ^ Шв"^ в иавво9 Russian and Polish ethnic groups.
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