DOCSLIB.ORG

Association Between Malocclusion, Caries and Oral Hygiene in Children

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Association Between Malocclusion, Caries and Oral Hygiene in Children Kolawole and Folayan BMC Oral Health (2019) 19:262 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0959-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Association between malocclusion, caries and oral hygiene in children 6 to 12 years old resident in suburban Nigeria Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole* and Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan Abstract Background: There are conflicting opinions about the contribution of malocclusions to the development of dental caries and periodontal disease. This study’s aim was to determine the association between specific malocclusion traits, caries, oral hygiene and periodontal health for children 6 to 12 years old. Methods: The study was a household survey. The presence of malocclusion traits was assessed in 495 participants. The caries status and severity were assessed with the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index and the pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess (pufa/PUFA) index. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Gingival Index (GI) were used to assess periodontal health. The association between malocclusion traits, the presence of caries, poor oral hygiene, and poor gingival health were determined with chi square and logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was inferred at p < 0.05. Results: Seventy-four (14.9%) study participants had caries, with mean (SD) dmft/DMFT scores of 0.27 (0.82) and 0.07 (0.39), respectively, and mean (SD) pufa/PUFA index scores of 0.09 (0.43) and 0.02 (0.20), respectively. The mean (SD) OHI-S score was 1.56 (0.74) and mean (SD) GI score was 0.90 (0.43). Dental Aesthetic Index scores ranged from 13 to 48 with a mean (SD) score of 20.7 (4.57). Significantly greater proportions of participants with crowding (p = 0.026) and buccal crossbite (p = 0.009) had caries. Significantly more children with increased overjet (p = 0.003) and anterior open bite (p = 0.008) had moderate to severe gingivitis. Poor oral hygiene (OR: 1.83; CI: 1.05–3.18 p = 0.033), crowding (OR: 1.97; CI: 1.01–3.49; p = 0.021) and buccal crossbite (OR: 6.57; CI: 1.51–28.51 p = 0.012) significantly increased the odds of having caries. Poor oral hygiene (p < 0.001), increased overjet (p = 0.003), and anterior open bite (p = 0.014) were the only significant traits associated with gingivitis. Conclusions: Crowding and buccal cross bite were associated with caries, whereas increased overjet and anterior open bite were associated with gingivitis. These findings justify the recommendation of orthodontic treatment to improve oral health. Keywords: Malocclusion, Caries, Gingivitis, Periodontal health Background contacts through the face and smile, and perceptions or Untreated malocclusion impacts negatively on the qual- distortions of these media of social contact affect self- ity of life; severe malocclusion often is associated with image and self-esteem negatively [4]. The negative im- functional limitation, pain, and social disability that af- pact of malocclusion on oral health quality of life starts fects the emotional and social well-being of young male to be perceived when children are 11 to 14 years, the age and female adolescents [1, 2]. The psychological impact when they undergo major life changes, and the impact of malocclusion may be strong because of the aesthetic worsens as they grow older [5]. value of the face and smile [3]. Humans make social Evidence on the contribution of malocclusions to the development of dental caries and periodontal health is * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] conflicting. Feldenes et al. [6] found that handicapping Department of Child Dental Health Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo malocclusion, maxillary irregularity, and abnormal molar University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Kolawole and Folayan BMC Oral Health (2019) 19:262 Page 2 of 9 relationship were associated with the occurrence and se- was defined as the biological sex; age was defined as the verity of dental caries. However, Szyszka-Sommerfeld age at last birthday. For children less than a year old, the and Buczkowska-Radlińska [7] reported that the influ- age was defined as the number of months after birth. ence of malocclusion on the development of dental car- Sampling was done with a multi-stage technique ies and periodontal disease was minimal, and Vellappally (Fig. 1), that involved random selection of enumeration et al. [8] found no correlation between the severity of areas within the Local Government Area; selection of malocclusion and dental caries among adolescents. Some every third household on each street; identification of researchers have reported that crowding causes im- eligible individuals within households; and selection of proper contacts between neighboring teeth, making ef- respondents for interview and clinical examination. Only fective oral hygiene difficult. The difficulty with cleaning one child per household was selected for study participa- of crowded teeth increases plaque accumulation and tion. A structured questionnaire was used for collection predisposes to the development of dental caries and of data about the child from the mothers. Where periodontal disease [6, 9]. mothers were unavailable, fathers completed the ques- Helm and Petersen [10] controlled for the effect of sex tionnaires. The questionnaire collected details on the and social group, and found that crowding, extreme child’s socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, and maxillary overjet, and cross-bite increase the risk for socio-economic status), oral habits, and caries preven- periodontal disease in the maxilla. Ngom et al. [11] also tion habits. All study participants had oral examination reported that malocclusion was a risk factor for peri- performed on the same day. odontal disease. A prior study conducted in this study environment found a weak relationship between mal- Malocclusion occlusion, lip competence and gingival health [12]. A Children were examined in their homes under natural cause and effect relationship could not be established light while sitting on a chair. The occlusal features of between malocclusion and gingivitis, however. each child were assessed in the antero-posterior, trans- van Gastel et al. [13] reviewed the literature on the im- verse and vertical planes of space. The presence of indi- pact of orthodontic appliances used for the treatment of vidual malocclusion traits, i.e., crowding, spacing, malocclusion on periodontal health. They found contra- increased overjet, reverse overjet, anterior open bite, in- dictory findings in the review, which they attributed partly creased overbite, buccal and lingual crossbite were docu- due to the selection of materials for review and differences mented. Malocclusion was assessed with the dental in the research methods employed. The literature, how- aesthetic index (DAI), described by Cons et al. [21] ever, is consistent in the view that untreated malocclusion Scores for each of the 10 morphologic characteristics worsens the oral health-related quality of life [5]. Un- assessed by the DAI, i.e., number of missing visible teeth, treated malocclusion increases the risk for caries [6], poor crowding and spacing in the incisal segments, midline oral hygiene and poor gingival health [9], thereby causing diastema, anterior irregularity in the maxillary and man- pain and functional limitation. As with malocclusion [14], dibular arches, anterior maxillary overjet and mandibular the quality of life is affected by caries [15], poor oral hy- overjet, vertical anterior open bite and the antero- giene [16], and poor gingival health [17]. posterior molar relationships, were determined. The For this study, we examined the association between values obtained were multiplied with the appropriate malocclusion traits, caries, oral hygiene and gingival weighting factor, summed, and added to a constant value health for children 6 to 12 years old. It was important to of 13 to get the DAI score. The DAI scores were graded identify the further possible impact of malocclusion on into four groups based on pre-defined DAI scores [21] the oral health of children and adolescents with mixed 13–25, Grade 1 (normal or minor malocclusions, with dentition. slight or no treatment need); scores 26–30, Grade 2 (def- inite malocclusions, with treatment considered elective); Methods scores 31–35, Grade 3 (severe malocclusions, with treat- This is a secondary analysis of data generated to deter- ment highly desirable); and scores 36 and higher, Grade mine the association between oral habits, caries [18], and 4 (very severe or disabling malocclusions, with treatment periodontal health [19]. The study was a household survey considered mandatory). of children resident in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State, a suburban area in Nigeria. The data were Caries collected in the months of August and September 2013. The caries status was assessed with the decayed, missing, The study methodology has been extensively described and filled teeth/decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/ by Folayan et al. [20] and Kolawole et al. [18]. Children DMFT) index [22]. Caries severity was evaluated with 6 months to 12 years of age whose parents consented to the pufa/PUFA index [23]. Caries status was further di- their participation in study were recruited. Child’s sex vided into caries present or absent. Kolawole and Folayan BMC Oral Health (2019) 19:262 Page 3 of 9 Fig. 1 Flowchart of sampling conducted for the primary study and the data extracted for this study Oral hygiene hygiene was further dichotomized into good oral hygiene Oral hygiene status of participants was evaluated with and fair/poor oral hygiene.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Management of Anterior Spacing with Peg Lateral by Interdisciplinary Approach : a Case Report
    Case Report Management of Anterior Spacing with Peg Lateral by Interdisciplinary Approach : A Case Report Dr Sanjay Prasad Gupta Assistant Professor & Consultant Orthodontist, Department of Orthodontics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu Correspondence: Dr Sanjay Prasad Gupta; Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Anterior spacing is a common esthetic problem of patient during dental consultation. The most common etiology include tooth size and arch length discrepancy. Maxillary lateral incisors vary in form more than any other tooth in the mouth except the third molars. Microdontia is a condition where the teeth are smaller than the normal size. Microdontia of maxillary lateral incisor is called as “peg lateral”, that exhibit converging mesial and distal surfaces of crown forming a cone like shape. A carefully documented diagnosis and treatment plan are essential if the clinician is to apply the most effective approach to address the patient’s needs. A patient sometimes requires a multidisciplinary approach to correct the esthetics and to improve the occlusion. This case report describes the management of an adult female patient with a proclined upper anterior teeth, upper anterior spacing, deep bite and peg shaped upper right lateral incisor tooth through orthodontic and restorative treatment approach. Key words: Anterior spacing, Peg lateral, Esthetic, Interdisciplinary approach INTRODUCTION Peg shaped lateral incisors occur in approximately 2% to 5% of the general population, and women show a Maxillary lateral incisors vary in form more than any slightly higher frequency than men. Usually they are found other tooth in the mouth except the third molars. If the equally on the right and left, uni or bilaterally, however variation is too great, it is considered a developmental some studies have shown their bilateral occurrence anomaly.1 Developmental alterations which are most slightly higher than the unilateral occurrence.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing Malocclusions in the 5 to 7 Year Old - Crowding, Rotations, Overbite, and Overjet
    #27 Ortho-Tain, Inc. 1-800-541-6612 PREVENTING MALOCCLUSIONS IN THE 5 TO 7 YEAR OLD - CROWDING, ROTATIONS, OVERBITE, AND OVERJET Dr. Earl O. Bergersen A DESCRIPTION OF THE PREVENTIVE TECHNIQUE Preventing malocclusions from developing in the young child is easier, less costly and less prone to relapse than using standard braces at 11 or 12 years of age. There are several reasons for these differences. Crowding and rotations develop as the permanent front teeth first erupt into the mouth at 5 or 6 years of age. Once erupted into this crowded state, the fibers that secure the teeth in position develop and increase their resistance to change orthodontically as well as increase their tendency for relapse or return to their original positions once straightened. This technique of guiding the erupting teeth in straight initially then uses these resistant fibers that develop around the teeth as an ally rather than as an enemy by letting them keep the teeth straight and prevent them from becoming crowded at a later time. Also, it is easier to prevent the teeth from overerupting initially into an excessive overbite at the time of their normal eruption than to correct their positions afterwards after the fibers have stabilized then into a malocclusion. Also, the correction of vertical and/or horizontal problems such as an excessive overbite or overjet require sufficient facial growth to stabilize the correction and frequently by 11 or 12 years of age there is an inadequate amount of growth present to avoid substantial relapse (especially in the female and accelerated growing male) and may even require surgery for an ideal correction.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Diagnosis: the Clinician's Guide
    Wright An imprint of Elsevier Science Limited Robert Stevenson House, 1-3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk, Edinburgh EH I 3AF First published :WOO Reprinted 2002. 238 7X69. fax: (+ 1) 215 238 2239, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com). by selecting'Customer Support' and then 'Obtaining Permissions·. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7236 1040 I _ your source for books. journals and multimedia in the health sciences www.elsevierhealth.com Composition by Scribe Design, Gillingham, Kent Printed and bound in China Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix 1 The challenge of diagnosis 1 2 The history 4 3 Examination 11 4 Diagnostic tests 33 5 Pain of dental origin 71 6 Pain of non-dental origin 99 7 Trauma 124 8 Infection 140 9 Cysts 160 10 Ulcers 185 11 White patches 210 12 Bumps, lumps and swellings 226 13 Oral changes in systemic disease 263 14 Oral consequences of medication 290 Index 299 Preface The foundation of any form of successful treatment is accurate diagnosis. Though scientifically based, dentistry is also an art. This is evident in the provision of operative dental care and also in the diagnosis of oral and dental diseases. While diagnostic skills will be developed and enhanced by experience, it is essential that every prospective dentist is taught how to develop a structured and comprehensive approach to oral diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Dental-Craniofacial Manifestation and Treatment of Rare Diseases
    International Journal of Oral Science www.nature.com/ijos REVIEW ARTICLE OPEN Dental-craniofacial manifestation and treatment of rare diseases En Luo1, Hanghang Liu1, Qiucheng Zhao1, Bing Shi1 and Qianming Chen1 Rare diseases are usually genetic, chronic and incurable disorders with a relatively low incidence. Developments in the diagnosis and management of rare diseases have been relatively slow due to a lack of sufficient profit motivation and market to attract research by companies. However, due to the attention of government and society as well as economic development, rare diseases have been gradually become an increasing concern. As several dental-craniofacial manifestations are associated with rare diseases, we summarize them in this study to help dentists and oral maxillofacial surgeons provide an early diagnosis and subsequent management for patients with these rare diseases. International Journal of Oral Science (2019) 11:9 ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-018-0041-y INTRODUCTION In this review, we aim to summarize the related manifestations Recently, the National Health and Health Committee of China first and treatment of dental-craniofacial disorders related to rare defined 121 rare diseases in the Chinese population. The list of diseases, thus helping to improve understanding and certainly these rare diseases was established according to prevalence, diagnostic capacity for dentists and oral maxillofacial surgeons. disease burden and social support, medical technology status, and the definition of rare diseases in relevant international institutions. Twenty million people in China were reported to suffer from these DENTAL-CRANIOFACIAL DISORDER-RELATED RARE DISEASES rare diseases. Tooth dysplasia A rare disease is any disease or condition that affects a small Congenital ectodermal dysplasia.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Dental Setting: Concerns, Behavioural Approaches and Recommendations
    Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013 Nov 1;18 (6):e862-8. Dental management of the autistic child Journal section: Medically compromised patients in Dentistry doi:10.4317/medoral.19084 Publication Types: Review http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.19084 Management of children with autism spectrum disorder in the dental setting: Concerns, behavioural approaches and recommendations Konstantina Delli 1, Peter A. Reichart 2, Michael M. Bornstein 3, Christos Livas 4 1 Oral Medicine and Pathology Specialist and Researcher, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Gronin- gen, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands 2 Visiting Professor, Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland 3 Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland 4 Consultant, Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands Correspondence: Department of Orthodontics University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen Hanzeplein 1. Postbus 30.001 9700 Delli K, Reichart PA, Bornstein MM, Livas C. Management of children RB Groningen, The Netherlands with autism spectrum disorder in the dental setting: Concerns, beha- [email protected] vioural approaches and recommendations.���������������������������� Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bu- cal. 2013 Nov 1;18 (6):e862-8. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v18i6/medoralv18i6p862.pdf Received: 23/01/2013 Article Number: 19084 http://www.medicinaoral.com/ Accepted: 23/05/2013 © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - pISSN 1698-4447 - eISSN: 1698-6946 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Science Citation Index Expanded Journal Citation Reports Index Medicus, MEDLINE, PubMed Scopus, Embase and Emcare Indice Médico Español Abstract Objectives: This article reviews the present literature on the issues encountered while coping with children with autistic spectrum disorder from the dental perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • Anemia and Hemostatic Disorders
    [Downloaded free from http://www.ijdr.in on Wednesday, August 01, 2012, IP: 125.16.60.178] || Click here to download free Android application for this journal REVIEW ARTICLE Orofacial manifestations of hematological disorders: Anemia and hemostatic disorders Titilope A Adeyemo, Wasiu L Adeyemo, Adewumi Adediran, Abd Jaleel A Akinbami, Alani S Akanmu Departments of Haematology and Blood Transfusion and ABSTRACT Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The aim of this paper is to review the literature and identify orofacial manifestations of College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria hematological diseases, with particular reference to anemias and disorders of hemostasis. A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published articles on orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases, with emphasis on anemia. Mesh phrases used in the search were: oral diseases AND anaemia; orofacial diseases AND anaemia; orofacial lesions AND anaemia; orofacial manifestations AND disorders of haemostasis. The Boolean operator “AND” was used to combine and narrow the searches. Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include iron deficiency anemia, Plummer–Vinson syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassaemia and aplastic anemia. The manifestations include conjunctiva and facial pallor, atrophic glossitis, angular stomatitis, dysphagia, magenta tongue, midfacial overgrowth, osteoclerosis, osteomyelitis and paraesthesia/anesthesia of the mental nerve. Orofacial petechiae, conjunctivae hemorrhage, nose-bleeding, spontaneous and post-traumatic gingival hemorrhage and prolonged post-extraction bleeding are common orofacial manifestations of inherited hemostatic disorders such as von Willebrand’s disease and hemophilia. A wide array of anemic and hemostatic disorders encountered in internal medicine has manifestations in the oral cavity and the facial region.
    [Show full text]
  • Digit-Sucking: Etiology, Clinical Implications, and Treatment Options
    EARN This course was written for dentists, 3 CE dental hygienists, CREDITS and dental assistants. © Santos06 | Dreamstime.com Digit-sucking: Etiology, clinical implications, and treatment options A peer-reviewed article by Alyssa Stiles, BS, RDH, LMT, COM PUBLICATION DATE: FEBRUARY 2021 EXPIRATION DATE: JANUARY 2024 SUPPLEMENT TO ENDEAVOR PUBLICATIONS EARN 3 CE CREDITS This continuing education (CE) activity was developed by Endeavor Business Media with no commercial support. This course was written for dentists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants, from novice to skilled. Educational methods: This course is a self-instructional journal and web activity. Provider disclosure: Endeavor Business Media neither has a leadership position nor a commercial interest in any products or services discussed or shared in this educational activity. No manufacturer or third party had any input in the development of the course content. Requirements for successful completion: To obtain three (3) CE credits for this educational activity, you must pay the required fee, review the material, complete the course evaluation, and obtain Digit-sucking: Etiology, an exam score of 70% or higher. CE planner disclosure: Laura Winfield, Endeavor Business Media dental group CE coordinator, neither has a leadership nor clinical implications, and commercial interest with the products or services discussed in this educational activity. Ms. Winfield can be reached at lwinfield@ endeavorb2b.com. treatment options Educational disclaimer: Completing a single continuing education course does not provide enough information to result in the participant being an expert in the field related to the course Educational objectives topic. It is a combination of many educational courses and clinical experience that allows the participant to develop skills and • Recognize the signs of digit-sucking habits and explain the poten- expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • Are There Any Specific Guidelines for Identifying Whether the Hard Palate
    Founded 2000 Orlando, FL, July 2015 Published Quarterly Welcome to our Summer edition Are there any specific guidelines for identifying of the Orofacial Myology News. whether the hard palate is high-vaulted? Your input has Dr. Mason’s response: When I was a university thumb would require wearing a glove. It is also been incredible professor in speech pathology, I taught the clinical very difficult for the examiner to place his/her and we thank own thumb, with nail down, into the palatal you so very much perspective that the wider the maxillary posterior for contributing dental arch the flatter and lower the palatal vault, vault when positioned in front of the patient. your ideas, suggestions and articles. while the narrower the upper dental arch, the Although the "Rule of Thumb" is a good tool to For those of us who have several higher the hard palatal vault. Also, the narrower use to determine if the patient has a high, narrow children on our caseloads, we meet the posterior maxillary dental arch, the more often palate, the finding of a high vaulted hard palate up with certain challenges along a posterior dental crossbite will be found. has a greater significance and the finding should with the summer sun: our clients go off to camp, on family vacations, or In orofacial examinations, there is a “Rule of serve a larger purpose. A high, narrow hard on extended stays with grandpar- Thumb” that can be used in assessing the hard palatal vault should be considered by OMTs as a ents. Do not despair! is obstacle palate.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral and Systemic Manifestations of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Children
    Oral and systemic manifestations of congenital CASE REPORT hypothyroidism in children. A case report. Carmen Ayala. Abstract: Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder. It may be Obed Lemus. congenital if the thyroid gland does not develop properly. A female predominance Maribel Frías. is characteristic. Hypothyroidism is the most common congenital pediatric disea- se and its first signs and early symptoms can be detected with neonatal screening. Some of the oral manifestations of hypothyroidism are known to be: glossitis, 1. Unidad Académica de Odontología micrognathia, macroglossia, macroquelia, anterior open bite, enamel hypoplasia, de la Universidad Autónoma de Zaca- delayed tooth eruption, and crowding. This paper briefly describes the systemic tecas, México. and oral characteristics of congenital hypothyroidism in a patient being treated at a dental practice. The patient had early childhood caries and delayed tooth eruption. There are no cases of craniosynostosis related to the primary pathology, which if left untreated, increases the cranial defect. Early diagnosis reduces the cli- nical manifestations of the disease. Delayed tooth eruption will become a growing Corresponding author: Carmen Ayala. problem if the patient does not receive timely treatment and monitoring. Calle 1º de Mayo No. 426-3. Centro His- tórico. Zacatecas, Zacatecas, C.P. 98000, Keywords: Congenital Hypothyroidism, Oral Manifestations, Neonatal Screening, México. Phone: (+52-492) 9250940. E- early childhood caries. mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2015.063. Receipt: 09/17/2015 Revised: 10/01/2015 Cite as: Ayala C, Lemus O & Frías M. Oral and systemic manifestations of congenital Acceptance: 10/09/2015 Online: 10/09/2015 hypothyroidism in children.
    [Show full text]
  • The Frontal Cephalometric Analysis – the Forgotten Perspective
    CONTINUING EDUCATION The frontal cephalometric analysis – the forgotten perspective Dr. Bradford Edgren delves into the benefits of the frontal analysis hen greeting a person for the first Wtime, we are supposed to make Educational aims and objectives This article aims to discuss the frontal cephalometric analysis and its direct eye contact and smile. But how often advantages in diagnosis. when you meet a person for the first time do you greet them towards the side of the Expected outcomes Correctly answering the questions on page xx, worth 2 hours of CE, will face? Nonetheless, this is generally the only demonstrate the reader can: perspective by which orthodontists routinely • Understand the value of the frontal analysis in orthodontic diagnosis. evaluate their patients radiographically • Recognize how the certain skeletal facial relationships can be detrimental to skeletal patterns that can affect orthodontic and cephalometrically. Rarely is a frontal treatment. radiograph and cephalometric analysis • Realize how frontal analysis is helpful for evaluation of skeletal facial made, even though our first impression of asymmetries. • Identify the importance of properly diagnosing transverse that new patient is from the front, when we discrepancies in all patients; especially the growing patient. greet him/her for the first time. • Realize the necessity to take appropriate, updated records on all A patient’s own smile assessment transfer patients. is made in the mirror, from the facial perspective. It is also the same perspective by which he/she will ultimately decide cephalometric analysis. outcomes. Furthermore, skeletal lingual if orthodontic treatment is a success Since all orthodontic patients are three- crossbite patterns are not just limited to or a failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatments for Ankyloglossia and Ankyloglossia with Concomitant Lip-Tie Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 149
    Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 149 Treatments for Ankyloglossia and Ankyloglossia With Concomitant Lip-Tie Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 149 Treatments for Ankyloglossia and Ankyloglossia With Concomitant Lip-Tie Prepared for: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 540 Gaither Road Rockville, MD 20850 www.ahrq.gov Contract No. 290-2012-00009-I Prepared by: Vanderbilt Evidence-based Practice Center Nashville, TN Investigators: David O. Francis, M.D., M.S. Sivakumar Chinnadurai, M.D., M.P.H. Anna Morad, M.D. Richard A. Epstein, Ph.D., M.P.H. Sahar Kohanim, M.D. Shanthi Krishnaswami, M.B.B.S., M.P.H. Nila A. Sathe, M.A., M.L.I.S. Melissa L. McPheeters, Ph.D., M.P.H. AHRQ Publication No. 15-EHC011-EF May 2015 This report is based on research conducted by the Vanderbilt Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) under contract to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD (Contract No. 290-2012-00009-I). The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the authors, who are responsible for its contents; the findings and conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. Therefore, no statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The information in this report is intended to help health care decisionmakers—patients and clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers, among others—make well-informed decisions and thereby improve the quality of health care services. This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment.
    [Show full text]
  • Granular Cell Tumour of the Tongue in a 17Yearold Orthodontic Patient: A
    bs_bs_banner Oral Surgery ISSN 1752-2471 CASE REPORT Granular cell tumour of the tongue in a 17-year-old orthodontic patient: a case report P.Hita-Davis1, P.Edwards2, S. Conley3 & T.J.Dyer4 1Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 2Department of Oral Pathology,Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA 3Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 4Oral Surgery, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA Key words: Abstract cyst, diagnosis, examination To describe the clinical presentation of a granular cell tumour (GCT) in an Correspondence to: orthodontic patient, as well as discuss its aetiology and treatment of Dr P Hita-Davis choice. We present a case of GCT of the tongue in an otherwise healthy Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 17-year-old male patient along with a brief review of literature on GCTs. School of Dentistry The lesion was surgically excised and orthodontic treatment was success- 1011 N. University Avenue Ann Arbor, MI 48109 fully finalised. Clinically, GCTs are indistinguishable from other benign USA connective tissue and neural tissue neoplasms and may be found in any Tel.:+1 734 764 1542 site, with cases commonly involving the gastrointestinal system, breast Fax: +1 734 615 8399 and lung. However, over 50% of cases involve the head and neck, with email: [email protected] the tongue being the most frequently involved site (65–85% of oral GCTs). GCTs demonstrate a close anatomical relationship with peripheral Accepted: 6 June 2013 nerve fibres and demonstrate the presence of myelin and axon-like doi:10.1111/ors.12055 structures thus lending credence to their neural origin.
    [Show full text]