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Support for Harvest Strategy Development in SA Lakes And SUPPORT FOR HARVESTING STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S LAKES AND COORONG FISHERY FOR PIPI (DONAX DELTOIDES) Final report to the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation GJ Ferguson and TM Ward FRDC Project No. 2008/008 ISBN: 978-1-921563-56-0 April 2014 This report may be cited as: Ferguson, G.J., and Ward, T.M. (2014). Support for harvest strategy development in South Australia’s Lakes and Coorong Fishery for pipi (Donax deltoides). Final report to the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Prepared by the South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. FRDC Project No. 2008/008. 153pp. Date: 10 April 2014 Published by: South Australia Research and Development Institute © Copyright Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and South Australia Research and Development Institute, 2014 This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners. Information may not be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. Disclaimer The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Research Chief, Aquatic Sciences. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. SARDI does not accept any liability for the contents of this report or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. Material presented in these Administrative Reports may later be published in formal peer-reviewed scientific literature. The information, opinions and advice contained in this document may not relate, or be relevant, to a reader’s particular circumstances. Opinions expressed by the authors are the individual opinions expressed by those persons and are not necessarily those of the publisher, research provider or the FRDC. The Fisheries Research and Development Corporation plans, invests in and manages fisheries research and development throughout Australia. It is a statutory authority within the portfolio of the federal Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, jointly funded by the Australian Government and the fishing industry. ISBN: 978-1-921563-56-0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY 6 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 11 3. BACKGROUND 12 4. NEED 15 5. OBJECTIVES 17 6. METHODS 18 6.1 Fishery biology 18 6.1.1 Reproduction 18 6.1.2 Intra-annual trends in size distributions of pipi 20 6.1.3 Intra-annual trends in relative biomass of pipi 20 6.2 Improvement to fishery catch and effort reporting 21 6.2.1 Modified catch and effort reporting logbook 22 6.2.2 Evaluation of a digital method for catch and effort reporting 22 6.3 Market information 22 6.3.1 Inter-annual trends in pipi price 22 6.3.2 Intra-annual trends in pipi price 22 6.3.3 Market strategy for the LCF for pipi 24 6.4 Development of fishery performance indicators 25 7. RESULTS/DISCUSSION 26 7.1 Fishery biology 26 7.1.1 Reproduction 26 7.1.2 Intra-annual trends in size distributions of pipi 27 7.1.3 Intra-annual trends in relative biomass of pipi 30 7.1.4 Discussion of fishery biology of pipi 30 7.2 Market information for pipi in South Australia 32 7.2.1 Inter-annual trends in market price of pipi 32 7.2.2 Intra-annual trends in market price of pipi 33 7.2.3 Discussion of market information for pipi 39 7.3 Optimising the harvest period for pipi 40 7.3.1 Markets 40 7.3.2 Biology 41 7.3.3 Discussion of harvest period optimisation 42 7.4 Development of fishery performance indicators 42 7.4.1 Fishery-independent relative biomass 42 7.4.2 Presence/absence of pre-recruits 44 7.4.3 Economic performance 45 7.4.4 Discussion of performance indicators for pipi 46 8. BENEFITS AND ADOPTION 47 9. FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 49 10. PLANNED OUTCOMES 51 11. CONCLUSION 53 12. REFERENCES 55 13. APPENDIX 1: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 59 14. APPENDIX 2: STAFF 59 1 15. APPENDIX 3: MODIFIED CATCH AND EFFORT RETURN FOR PIPI 16. APPENDIX 4: MODIFIED DECKHAND DIGITAL CATCH AND EFFORT REPORTING SYSTEM 17. APPENDIX 5: DATA FORMS FOR WINTER-HARVESTING TRIAL 18. APPENDIX 6: COORONG PIPI MARKETING STUDY 19. APPENDIX 7: COORONG PIPI INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 20. APPENDIX 8: HARVEST STRATEGY FOR THE LAKES AND COORONG FISHERY FOR PIPI 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1. Map of South Australia (inset) showing the location of the Coorong region 12 (red box). The main map shows the location of the fishery for pipi on Younghusband Peninsula including the Coorong Classified Area (yellow shading) from which pipi for human consumption must be taken. Numbers in red are fishery reporting blocks. Figure 6-1. Developmental stages of pipi gonads: (1) no visible gonad; (2) gonad 18 visible at visceral margin; (3) gonad extending from viscera into foot; (4) gonad fills foot and has grainy appearance; and (5) gonad extends to apex of foot. Figure 7-1. Monthly gonad development of pipis measured as percentage mature 26 (pipi >30 mm, n=1034). Figure 7-2. Size at maturity for pipi from the Coorong Classified Area on 27 Younghusband Peninsula, in 2010 (red) and 2011 (black). Horizontal reference lines represent size at 50% (SAM50, black dashes) and 95% maturity (SAM95, blue dashes). Figure 7-3. Size distribution of pipi during annual surveys (green) and from winter- 29 harvesting trials (blue) in 2010 and 2011. Vertical dashed line (red) indicates legal minimum size. Figure 7-4. Comparison of monthly estimates of relative biomass of pipi from winter- 30 harvesting trials with annual estimates of relative biomass. Figure 7-5. Total annual value of pipi from South Australia. 32 Figure 7-6. Total annual catch and local market price for 10 years from 2000-01 to 33 2008-9. Figure 7-7. Destination markets for pipi from 2008-09 to 2011-12. 33 Figure 7-8. Total catch per month from winter-harvesting trials in (A) 2010 and (B) 35 2011. Dashed red lines indicate mean price ($/kg) from pipi fishing season in 2010-11 (A) and 2011-12 (B). Figure 7-9. Sizes of pipi placed on market during winter-harvesting trials in (A) 2010 36 and (B) 2011. (S=small, SM=small-medium, M=medium, L=large). Figure 7-10. Size distribution of commercial catches from (A) Section B (20 to < 40 39 km) and (B) Section C (40 to <60 km), compared to size distribution from research catch. Figure 7-11. Annual estimates for fishery-independent relative biomass. Time-series 43 available as reference period during harvest strategy development (orange) and recent estimates (blue). Figure 7-12. Pre-recruit indicator based on presence/absence of pre-recruits in size 45 frequency distributions from 2007 to 2012. Upper left of each graph shows year, month of pre-season survey and percentage of sample below legal minimum size of 35 mm (all samples n~1000). 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 6-1. Criteria used to determine gonad development (after Gorman et al 2010, 19 Edwards 1999). Table 6-2. Winter-harvesting of pipi during closed season. “X” marks location and time 23 of fishing. Table 7-1. Estimates of SAM and SAM for pipi from Younghusband Peninsula in 50 95 27 2010, 2011 and both years combined. Table 7-2. Days fished in winter-harvesting trials in 2010 and 2011 (SFA, Southern 34 Fishermen’s Association; GPHA, Goolwa Pipi Harvester’s Association). Table 7-3. Contribution to total catch by three size classes of pipi during winter- 36 harvesting trials in 2010 and, 2011. Table 7-4. Key results of General Linear Model (GLM) comparing daily price ($/kg) of pipi from Sydney and Melbourne fish markets, month and pipi size class during the 37 winter-harvesting trial in 2010. (nsnot significant, *significant) Table 7-5. Average price ($/kg) for pipi placed on Sydney and Melbourne fish markets 37 during the winter-harvesting trial for in 2010. Table 7-6. Key results of General Linear Model (GLM) comparing daily price ($/kg) of pipi from Sydney and Melbourne fish markets, month and pipi size class during the 38 winter-harvesting trial in 2011. (nsnot significant, *significant). Table 7-7. Average price ($/kg) for pipi placed on Sydney and Melbourne fish markets 38 during the winter-harvesting trial in 2011. Table 7-8. Annual estimates of fishery-independent relative biomass. 43 4 LIST OF ACRONYMS CCA Coorong Classified Area DEWNR Department of Water and Natural Resources ESD Ecologically Sustainable Development FGM Fishery Gross Margin FRDC Fisheries Research and Development Corporation GPHA Goolwa Pipi Harvester’s Association RIADF Rural Industries Adjustment and Development Fund LCF Lakes and Coorong Fishery LMS Legal Minimum Size MSC Marine Stewardship Council MSF Marine Scale Fishery PFWG Pipi Fishery Working Group PIRSA Primary Industries and Regions South Australia SARDI South Australian Research and Development Institute SASQAP South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program SFA Southern Fishermen’s Association TACC Total Allowable Commercial Catch 5 1. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY 2008/008 Harvesting Strategy development for South Australia’s Lakes and Coorong Fishery for pipi (Donax deltoides) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr G. J. Ferguson ADDRESS: South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences) PO Box 120 Henley Beach, SA 5022 Telephone: 08 8207 5467 Facsimile: 08 8207 5406 OBJECTIVES: 1. Protect sustainability by developing an index of relative biomass for pipi/clam populations; 2.
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