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Archaeology of Faynan: a Celebration and Guide Archaeology of Faynan: A celebration and Guide Book Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open Access Mithen, S., Najjar, M. and Finlayson, B. (2019) Archaeology of Faynan: A celebration and Guide. Faynan Hertage. University of Reading, Reading, UK, pp147. ISBN 9780704915916 doi: https://doi.org/10.17864/1926.79395 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/79395/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Identification Number/DOI: https://doi.org/10.17864/1926.79395 <https://doi.org/10.17864/1926.79395> Publisher: University of Reading All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online ARCHAEOLOGY OF FAYNAN منطقة فينان جميلة وهادئة وتشعرك بأنها أزلية ومعزولة عن Faynan is beautiful, calm and quiet. It feels ARCHAEOLOGY OF FAYNAN العامل الحديث. والصخور التي شكلت تضاريسها الدراماتيكية .timeless and isolated from the modern world التي تراها اآلن كانت الطبيعة قد بدأت بنحتها منذ ماليني The rocks which shape its dramatic landscape have been faulted and eroded over many millions A CELEBRATION AND GUIDE A CELEBRATION AND GUIDE السنني. وعىل العموم فإن عدد السكان يف املنطقة قليل، حيث البعض منهم يعيش يف قرية القريقرة، والبعض االخر كعشرية of years. People are few in number. Some live in the الرشايدة يف قرية فينان. وقد إستصلح أهل املنطقة بعض األرايض ,village of Quarayqira and, for the Rashaydah tribe التي حولهم لزراعتها بالبطيخ و البندورة، ويعيش أخرون يف Faynan Village. They cultivate small fields around هذا الكتاب هو لإلحتفاء بإرث بيوت الشعر يف وادي فينان ويعتمدون عىل رعي األغنام. .their villages for watermelons and tomatoes ويستفيد عدد من سكان املنطقة من السياحة وذلك من خالل Others live in Bedouin tents throughout the فينان ويف نفس الوقت هو دليل العمل يف نزل فينان البيئي أو من خالل تقديم الخدمات لزواره. wadi, tending their goats. Some members of the ويبدو من السهولة مبكان تخيل أن الحياة كانت دامئا عىل هذه community also benefit from tourism by working األثرية فيها للمواقع إرشادي الوقت هو دليل نفس فينان ويف لإلحتفاء بإرث هذا الكتاب هو الحال - زراعة ورعي املاشية والسياحة - وأن يد اإلنسان مل ترتك at Feynan Ecolodge or providing services to its إرشادي للمواقع األثرية فيها تأثريا يذكر عىل تضاريس املنطقة التي عملت الطبيعة عىل guests, such as transport and guiding walks. It is تشكيل أغلبها. إال أن هذا أبعد ما ميكن أن يكون عن الحقيقة. easy to imagine that life in Faynan has always been like this – farming, goat herding and welcoming ّر قداملايض. استمتع باآلثار. كن مصدر إلهام. visitors – and that people have had minimal impact on a landscape almost entirely shaped by nature. ستيفن ميثني، ومحمد النجار، وبيل فنليسون. .Little could be further from the truth سيستفاد من إيرادات بيع هذا الكتاب يف حامية إرث .Value the past. Enjoy archaeology. Be inspired فينان الثقايف. Steven Mithen, Mohammad Najjar and Bill Finlayson. Funds from the sale of this book will be used to protect the cultural heritage of faynan. 9 780704 915916 www.faynanheritage.org i | البيئة املعارصة | The present day نرش ألول مرة عام 2018 من قبل جامعة ريدنغ First published by the University of Reading in 2018 جامعة ريدنغ، وايتنايتس، ص.ب: 217، ريدنغ، ,University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 217, Reading بريكشري، اململكة املتحدة Berkshire, RG6 6AH, UK Revised edition 2019 ARCHAEOLOGY OF FAYNAN طبعة منقحة عام 2019 © Steven Mithen, 2019 A CELEBRATION AND GUIDE © ستيفن مينث، Faynan Heritage: A celebration and archaeological guide 2019 تم ترخيص كتاب إرث فينان برخصة املشاع اإلبداعي 4.0 الدولية. لإلطالع عىل نسخة من is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 هذه الرخصة ميكنكم زيارة املوقع اإللكرتوين التايل: International License. To view a copy of this license visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 لإلقتباس من هذا الكتاب: :To cite this book Mithen, S., Najjar, N. and Finlayson, B. 2019. Mithen, S., Najjar, N. and Finlayson, B. 2019. هذا الكتاب هو لإلحتفاء بإرث :The Archaeology of Faynan: A Celebration and Guide. The Archaeology of Faynan: A Celebration and Guide Reading, UK: The University of Reading Reading, UK: The University of Reading فينان ويف نفس الوقت هو دليل رقم اإليداع الدويل: ISBN: 9780704915916 (paperback) 9780704915916 DOI: 10.17864/1926.79395 ّمعرف الوثيقة الرقمي: 10.17864/1926.79395 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data إرشادي للمواقع األثرية فيها فهرسة املكتبة الربيطانية لبيانات النرش A catalogue record is available from the British Library يتوفر السجل الفهريس من املكتبة الربيطانية IMAGE CREDITS مصادر الصور: Page 72: Professor Graeme Barker, University of Cambridge, UK صفحة 72: أستاذ جريم باركر، جامعة كامربدج، اململكة املتحدة Page 76: Professor Tom Levy, University of California, San Diego, USA صفحة 76: أستاذ توم ليفي، جامعة كاليفورنيا، الواليات املتحدة األمريكية Page 93: Professor Tom Levy, University of California, San Diego, USA صفحة 93: أستاذ توم ليفي، جامعة كاليفورنيا، الواليات املتحدة األمريكية Page 94: Professor David Mattingly, University of Leicester, UK صفحة 94: أستاذ ديفد ماتنغيل، جامعة ليسسرت، اململكة املتحدة Pages 108, 132–3: Isabelle Rueben, Aerial Photographic Archive for صفحة 108، 3-132: إيزابيل روينب، أرشيف التصوير الجوي لعلم اآلثار يف الرشق األوسط Archaeology in the Middle East TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH TO ARABIC PROVIDED BY Firas Bqa’in, Khulood متت ترجمة النص من اللغة اإلنجليزية إىل اللغة العربية من قبل فراس البقاعني، وخلود Hilal, Younis Lahwej, Bushra Nabas, Mohammad Najjar هالل، ويونس لهوج، وبرشى نباص، ومحمد نجار DESIGNED BY Rachel Warner تم تصميم الكتاب من قبل ريتشيل وارنر Typeset in Frutiger and Adobe Arabic كافة الحقوق محفوظة. روابط الكتاب متاحة ألي طرف ثالث بحسن نية ولإلستفادة Links to third-party websites are provided in good faith and for من املعلومات فقط. يخيل النارش مسؤوليته من أي مواد واردة عن طرف ثالث تشري إىل information only. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for هذا العمل. the materials contained in any third-party website referenced in this work. Dedicated إهداء :to the people of Faynan إىل جميع سكان فينان past, present and future يف املايض والحارض واملستقبل الفهرس Contents شكر وعرفان Acknowledgements ix ix تحية لكم Welcome xi xi مقدمة Introduction 1 1 األبحاث األثرية يف فينان Archaeological research in Faynan 6 7 املتحف The museum 10 11 العرص الحجري القديم The Palaeolithic 15 أقدم املجموعات البرشية يف فينان The earliest people in Faynan 500,000–12,000 years ago العرص الحجري الحديث The Neolithic 27 أوائل املجموعات الزراعية يف فينان The first farming communities in Faynan 12,000–7,000 years ago االعرص النحايس والربونزي The Chalcolithic and Bronze Age 57 إزدياد عدد السكان، التوسع يف قطاعي الزراعة Population growth, expansion of farming and metallurgy, والتعدين، تلتها مرحلة تراجع followed by decline 7000–3200 years ago العرص الحديدي واألنباط Iron Age and the Nabataeans 79 فينان تحت سيطرة الدول املركزية املبكرة Faynan under the control of early states 3200–1844 years ago (1190 BC – AD 105) فينو )فينان( الرومانية/البيزنطية Roman and Byzantine Phaino 99 Faynan within the Roman Empire تحت الحكم اإلمرباطوري AD 106 –668 العصور اإلسالمية والفرتة العثامنية The Islamic and Ottoman periods 125 الرعي وإعادة إحياء صناعة النحاس Pastoralism and a resurgence of copper production AD 668 –1918 البيئة املعارصة The present day 139 شكر وعرفان Acknowledgements يعترب إصدار هذا الكتاب جزءا من أنشطة مرشوع “اكتشاف This book was made possible by the ‘Discovering Faynan إرث فينان”، املمول من مجلس أبحاث اآلداب والعلوم اإلنسانية Heritage’ project funded by the Arts & Humanities يف اململكة املتحدة. وقد تم اإلعتامد يف إعداد هذا الكتاب عىل ,Research Council, UK. It draws on the research أبحاث ومعلومات ونصائح العديد من علامء اآلثار، ونخص ,information and advice from numerous archaeologists with particular thanks to Professor Graeme Barker, بالشكر األستاذ غريم باركر، واألستاذ توم ليفي، واألستاذ ديفيد Professor Tom Levy, Professor David Mattingly, Dr ماتنغيل، والدكتور بول بريتنشو، والدكتور سام سميث. وقدم كل Paul Burtenshaw and Dr Sam Smith. The Council for من جامعة ريدنغ يف اململكة املتحدة ومجلس األبحاث الربيطانية British Research in the Levant (CBRL) and the University يفبالد الشام )املعهد الربيطاين لآلثار( الدعم املتواصل ملرشوع of Reading, UK, provided support to the ‘Discovering “اكتشاف إرث فينان”. وما كان لهذا املرشوع أن ينجح لوال دعم Faynan Heritage’ project. It was only made possible by دائرة اآلثار العامة األردنية، ونتقدم هنا بالشكر الجزيل ملدير the kind permission of the Department of Antiquities عام دائرة اآلثار خالل الفرتة ما بني عامي 2013 و 2018 عطوفة of Jordan (DoA), and we are especially grateful to Dr Monther Jamhawi, the Director-General between 2013 الدكتور منذر جمحاوي وملديرة املتاحف والتوعية األثرية يف and 2018, and to Samia Khouri, Director of Museums الدائرة السيدة سامية خوري. ونعرب عن امتناننا للدكتورة كارول and Public Awareness. Dr Carol Palmer of the CBRL and باملر، مديرة مجلس األبحاث الربيطانية يف بالد الشام )املعهد Nabil Tarazi of Feynan EcoLodge provided invaluable الربيطاين لآلثار( يف األردن، والسيد نبيل طرزي يف نزل فينان advice regarding the contents and production of this البيئي، لتقدميهام الدعم والنصائح القيمة فيام يتعلق مبحتوى book. Finally, we thank the people of Faynan for the وإصدار هذا الكتاب. وأخريا، نتقدم بجزيل الشكر لدعم سكان kindness and support provided to us and to all other املناطق املحيطة بوادي فينان ولجميع علامء اآلثار اآلخرين .archaeologists
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