The Reformation Continues
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Forerunners to the Reformation
{ Lecture 19 } FORERUNNERS TO THE REFORMATION * * * * * Long before Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the Wittenberg Door, there were those who recognized the corruption within the Roman Catholic Church and the need for major reform. Generally speaking, these men attempted to stay within the Catholic system rather than attempting to leave the church (as the Protestant Reformers later would do). The Waldensians (1184–1500s) • Waldo (or Peter Waldo) lived from around 1140 to 1218. He was a merchant from Lyon. But after being influenced by the story of the fourth-century Alexius (a Christian who sold all of his belongings in devotion to Christ), Waldo sold his belongings and began a life of radical service to Christ. • By 1170, Waldo had surrounded himself with a group of followers known as the Poor Men of Lyon, though they would later become known as Waldensians. • The movement was denied official sanction by the Roman Catholic Church (and condemned at the Third Lateran Council in 1179). Waldo was excommunicated by Pope Lucius III in 1184, and the movement was again condemned at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215. • Waldensians were, therefore, persecuted by the Roman Catholics as heretics. However, the movement survived (even down to the present) though the Waldensians were often forced into hiding in the Alps. • The Waldensian movement was characterized by (1) voluntary poverty (though Waldo taught that salvation was not restricted to those who gave up their wealth), (2) lay preaching, and (2) the authority of the Bible (translated in the language of the people) over any other authority. -
Ulrich Zwingli & the Swiss Reformation
Ulrich Zwingli & the Swiss Reformation 1. Ulrich Zwingli: Texts & Translations 2. Ulrich Zwingli: Biographies & Studies 3. Menno Simons & the Anabaptists: Studies & Texts 4. Special Topics 1. ZWINGLI: BIOGRAPHY & THEOLOGY W.P. Stephens, Zwingli: An Introduction to His Thought (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994) paperback. A fine study of the Swiss reformer and patriot. Zwingli battled fiercely with Luther over the eucharist and with the Anabaptists over infant baptism. An intriguing and controversial figure who gave the Swiss reformation its unique stamp. Ulrich Gabler, Huldrych Zwingli: His Life and Work, trans. Ruth C.L. Gritsch (1986; reprint: London: T&T Clark, 1999). Charles Garside, Zwingli and the Arts (reprint of Yale Press edition: DaCapo Press, 1981). G.R. Potter, Zwingli (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976). Bart Jan Spruyt, ed., Cornelius Henrici Hoen (Honius) and His Epistle on the Eucharist (1525): Medieval Heresy, Erasmian Humanism, and the Reform of Early Sixteenth-Century Low Countries (Leiden: Brill, 2006). W.P. Stephen, The Theology of Huldrych Zwingli (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986). Lee Palmer Wandel, Always Among Us: Images of the Poor in Zwingli’s Zurich (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003). 2. ZWINGLI: TEXTS G.W. Bromiley, ed., Zwingli and Bullinger, Library of Christian Classics (reprint of 1953 edition: Nashville: Westminster John Knox, 1973). Ulrich Zwingli, On Providence and Other Writings, ed. Samuel M. Jackson (Durham: Labyrinth Press, 1983; reprint of 1922 edition). 1 Bibliographies for Theology, compiled by William Harmless, S.J. Ulrich Zwingli, Commentary on True and False Religion, ed. Samuel M. Jackson & Clarence N. Heller (Durham: Labyrinth Press, 1981; reprint of 1929 edition). -
Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation Sascha O
Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons ESI Working Papers Economic Science Institute 2016 Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation Sascha O. Becker University of Warwick Steven Pfaff University of Washington Jared Rubin Chapman University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/esi_working_papers Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Christianity Commons, Econometrics Commons, Economic Theory Commons, History of Christianity Commons, and the Other Economics Commons Recommended Citation Becker, S.O., Pfaff, S., & Rubin, J. (2016). Causes and consequences of the Protestant Reformation. ESI Working Paper 16-13. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/esi_working_papers/178 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Economic Science Institute at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in ESI Working Papers by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation Comments Working Paper 16-13 This article is available at Chapman University Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/esi_working_papers/178 Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation* Sascha O. Becker† Steven Pfaff‡ University of Warwick University of Washington Jared Rubin§ Chapman University The Protestant Reformation is one of the defining events of the last millennium. Nearly 500 years after the Reformation, its causes and consequences have seen a renewed interest in the social sciences. Research in economics, sociology, and political science increasingly uses detailed individual-level, city-level, and regional-level data to identify drivers of the adoption of the Reformation, its diffusion pattern, and its socioeconomic consequences. -
The Protestant Movement
Christianity The Protestant Movement The Protestant Movement Summary: Martin Luther, a 16th century German monk with great frustration over the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and an insistence on the gift of salvation through God’s grace, began a process of Christian reform that eventually moved beyond Catholicism. Anabaptists, English reformers, and evangelical Christians have all continued to change Christian doctrine and the ways that Christians churches are internally organized. The 16th century Protestant Reformation was sparked by Martin Luther, a German monk whose studies of the Bible led him to attack the leadership of the Catholic Church. First, Luther insisted that religious authority lay not primarily in church traditions, nor in the hierarchy of bishops and popes, but in the Bible alone. The teaching of the church and its leaders must be judged by the standard and teaching of the Bible, which is the sole authoritative source of the Christian faith. Further, Luther insisted that the Bible and the worship life of the church be translated from Latin into the language of the people, so that all might hear and understand it. From his reading of the New Testament, Luther also concluded that salvation is by God’s grace alone, not by virtue of anything one might do to merit it. And salvation is by faith alone, by the disposition of the heart, not by any penance a priest may prescribe. Luther especially objected to what were known as “indulgences” sold by the church to assure one’s own well-being in the afterlife or the well-being of those who had already died. -
Huldrych Zwingli the Implementation of the Lord’S Supper
Huldrych Zwingli The Implementation of the Lord’s Supper Translation and Introduction by Jim West Occasional Publications of the Pitts Theology Library Published by the generous support of Dr. and Mrs. Walker L. Ray in honor of Susan Snow Hope Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Zwingli, Ulrich, 1484-1531, author. | West, Jim, 1960- translator. Title: The Implementation of the Lord’s Supper / Huldrych Zwingli ; translation and Introduction by Jim West. Other Tites: Action oder Brauch des Nachtmals. English Description: Atlanta: Pitts Theology Library, [2016] | Series: Occasional Publications of the Pitts Theology Library Subjects: Lord’s Supper -- Early works to 1800 | Reformed Church -- Doctrines. | Reformation -- Switzerland -- Zurich. Classifcation: LCC BR346.A2813 2016 | DDC 230.4--dc23 1 cult project himself. His translation translation His himself. project cult f dif this undertook then and translation for scholarly engagement with Zwingli’s work, helped us identify a Zwingli pamphlet pamphlet Zwingli a identify us helped work, Zwingli’s with engagement scholarly . We are delighted that Dr. Jim West, widely known for his his for known widely West, Jim Dr. that delighted are We . century sixteenth the Supper, one of the most divisive issues among Protestants in the third decade of of decade third the in Protestants among issues divisive most the of one Supper, to document the vigorous debate between Luther and Zwingli about the Lord’s Lord’s the about Zwingli and Luther between debate vigorous the document to lecture at the 2011 Reformation Day at Emory. This rare volume was acquired acquired was volume rare This Emory. at Day Reformation 2011 the at lecture Valerie Hotchkiss for her her for Hotchkiss Valerie Prof. -
A Historical Overview of the Impact of the Reformation on East Asia Christina Han
Consensus Volume 38 Issue 1 Reformation: Then, Now, and Onward. Varied Article 4 Voices, Insightful Interpretations 11-25-2017 A Historical Overview of the Impact of the Reformation on East Asia Christina Han Follow this and additional works at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/consensus Part of the Chinese Studies Commons, History of Christianity Commons, Japanese Studies Commons, Korean Studies Commons, and the Missions and World Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Han, Christina (2017) "A Historical Overview of the Impact of the Reformation on East Asia," Consensus: Vol. 38 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/consensus/vol38/iss1/4 This Articles is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Consensus by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Han: Reformation in East Asia A Historical Overview of the Impact of the Reformation on East Asia Christina Han1 The Reformation 500 Jubilee and the Shadow of the Past he celebratory mood is high throughout the world as we approach the 500th anniversary of the Reformation. Themed festivals and tours, special services and T conferences have been organized to commemorate Martin Luther and his legacy. The jubilee Luther 2017, planned and sponsored the federal and municipal governments of Germany and participated by churches and communities in Germany and beyond, lays out the goals of the events as follows: While celebrations in earlier centuries were kept national and confessional, the upcoming anniversary of the Revolution ought to be shaped by openness, freedom and ecumenism. -
Century Historiography of the Radical Reformation
Toward a Definition of Sixteenth - Century habaptism: Twentieth - Century Historiography of the Radical Reformation James R. Coggins Winnipeg "To define the essence is to shape it afresh." - Ernst Troeltsch Twentieth-century Anabaptist historiography has somewhat of the character of Hegelian philosophy, consisting of an already established Protestant-Marxist thesis, a Mennonite antithesis and a recent synthesis. The debate has centred on three major and related issues: geographic origin, intellectual sources, and essence. Complicating these issues has been confusion over the matter of categorization: Just who is to be included among the Anabaptists and who should be assigned to other groups? Indeed, what are the appropriate categories, or groups, in the sixteenth century? This paper will attempt to unravel some of the tangled debate that has gone on concerning these issues. The Protestant interpretation of Anabaptism has the longest aca- demic tradition, going back to the sixteenth century. Developed by such Protestant theologians and churchmen as Bullinger, Melanchthon, Men- ius, Rhegius and Luther who wrote works defining and attacking Ana- baptism, this interpretation arose out of the Protestant understanding of the church. Sixteenth-century Protestants believed in a single universal church corrupted by the Roman Catholic papacy but reformed by them- selves. Anyone claiming to be a Christian but not belonging to the church Joitnlal of Mennonite Stitdies Vol. 4,1986 184 Journal ofMennonite Studies (Catholic or Protestant) was classed as a heretic,' a member of the mis- cellaneous column of God's sixteenth-century army. For convenience all of these "others" were labelled "Anabaptists." Protestants saw the Anabaptists as originating in Saxony with Thomas Muntzer and the Zwickau prophets in 1521 and spreading in subsequent years to Switzerland and other parts of northern Europe. -
Martin Luther’S New Doctrine of Salvation That Resulted in a Break from the Catholic Church and the Establishment of Lutheranism
DO NOW WHAT DOES THE WORD REFORM MEAN? WHAT DO YOU THINK IT MEANS REGARDING THE CHURCH? Learning Targets and Intentions of the Lesson I Want Students To: 1. KNOW the significance of Martin Luther’s new doctrine of salvation that resulted in a break from the Catholic church and the establishment of Lutheranism. 2. UNDERSTAND the way humanism and Erasmus forged the Reformation. 3. Analyze (SKILL) how Calvinism replaced Lutheranism as the most dynamic form of Protestantism. Essential Question. What caused the Protestant Reformation? REFORMATION RE FORM TO DO TO MAKE AGAIN BUT DO OVER/MAKE WHAT AGAIN?THE CHURCH! Definitions Protest Reform To express strong To improve by objection correcting errors The Protestant Reformation 5 Problems in the Church • Corruption • Political Conflicts Calls for Reform • John Wycliffe (1330-1384) – Questioned the authority of the pope • Jan Hus (1370-1415) – Criticized the vast wealth of the Church • Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536) – Attacked corruption in the Church Corruption • The Church raised money through practices like simony and selling indulgences. Advantages of Buying Indulgences Go Directly to Heaven! • Do not go to Hell! • Do not go to Purgatory! • Get through Purgatory faster! • Do not pass Go! Martin Luther Who was Martin Luther? • Born in Germany in 1483. • After surviving a violent storm, he vowed to become a monk. • Lived in the city of Wittenberg. • Died in 1546. Luther Looks for Reforms • Luther criticized Church practices, like selling indulgences. • He wanted to begin a discussion within the Church about the true path to salvation. • Stresses faith over He nailed his Ninety- works, rejected church Five Theses, or as intermediary. -
The People's Reformation
CHRISTIAN HISTORY Issue 118 The People’s Reformation How religious upheaval birthed social revolution Second in a four-part series on the Reformation REFORMING QUEEN Anne Boleyn (near left) shared Tyndale’s banned book The Obedience of a Christian Man (1528) with Henry VIII. She supposedly handed this small Bible containing her husband’s portrait (far left) to one of her maids of honor on the scaffold. CHECKING IT TWICE As Zwingli and other clergy trans- lated the Bible (below) into the Swiss vernacular, he read the proof sheets to his wife every night. Did you know? HERE ARE SOME OF THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY PEOPLE OF THe “People’s Reformation” TAH TAH THE ZWINGLI YOU NEVER KNEW U As a youth Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531), leader of the ROVO, Swiss Reformation, learned violin, harp, flute, dulci- P mer, hunting horn, and lute. He amused children from alone at night and to watch his food carefully for fear his congregation by playing the lute for them, and ene- of poison. In the end Zwingli died in a battle between NIVERSITY, mies called him “that evangelical lute-player and fifer.” Protestant and Catholic cantons, believing he was fight- U OUNG Yet he opposed instrumental music in worship (as well ing to preserve the freedom to preach the Gospel. His Y as choral music and chanting) and presided over break- last words were reportedly: “They can kill the body but ing up the great organ in his church in Zurich. Open to not the soul.” congregational singing, he wrote at least three hymns. -
The Protestant Reformation DOCUMENTARY HISTORY of WESTERN CIVILIZATION Edited by Eugene C
The Protestant Reformation DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION edited by Eugene C. Black and Leonard W. Levy ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL HISTORY OF THE WEST Morton Smith: ANCIENT GREECE A. H. M. Jones: A HISTORY OF ROME THROUGH THE FIFTH CENTURY Vol. I: The Republic Vol. II: The Empire Deno Geanakopolos: BYZANTINE EMPIRE Marshall W. Baldwin: CHRISTIANITY THROUGH THE CRUSADES Bernard Lewis: ISLAM THROUGH SULEIMAN THE MAGNIFICENT David Herlihy: HISTORY OF FEUDALISM William M. Bowsky: RISE OF COMMERCE AND TOWNS David Herlihy: MEDIEVAL CULTURE AND SOCIETY EARLY MODERN HISTORY Hannah Gray: CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE RENAISSANCE Florence Edler De Roover: MONEY, BANKING & COMMERCE, 13TH-16TH CENTURIES V. J, Parry: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Ralph E. Giesey: EVOLUTION OF THE DYNASTIC STATE J, H. Parry: THE EUROPEAN RECONNAISSANCE Hans J, Hillerbrand: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION John C. Olin: THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION Orest Ranum: THE CENTURY OF LOUIS XIV Thomas Hegarty: RUSSIAN HISTORY THROUGH PETER THE GREAT Marie Boas-Hall: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Barry E. Supple: HISTORY OF MERCANTILISM ____ : IMPERIALISM, WAR & DIPLOMACY,1550-1763 Herbert H. Rowen: THE LOW COUNTRIES C. A. Macartney: THE EVOLUTION OF THE HABSBURG & HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTIES Lester G. Crocker: THE ENLIGHTENMENT Robert Forster: EIGHTEENTH CENTURY EUROPEAN SOCIETY REVOLUTIONARY EUROPE, 1789-1848 Paul H. Beik: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION David L. Dowd: NAPOLEONIC ERA, 1799-1815 Rene Albrecht-Carrie: THE CONCERT OF EUROPE John B. Halsted: ROMANTICISM R. Max Hartwell: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Mack Walker: METTERNICH'S EUROPE Douglas Johnson: THE ASCENDANT BOURGEOISIE John A. Hawgood: THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848 NATIONALISM, LIBERALISM, AND SOCIALISM, 1850-1914 Eugene C. Black: VICTORIAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY Eugene C. -
Huldrych Zwingli and His City of Zurich*
Andrews Uniuersity Seminary Studies, Summer 1985, Vol. 23, No. 2, 143-1150, Copyright @ 1985 by Andrews University Press. HULDRYCH ZWINGLI AND HIS CITY OF ZURICH* ULRICH GABLER Free University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands One of the most fascinating aspects of Huldrych Zwingli's life is its multi-faceted character.' From the beginning of his work in Zurich in 1519, Zwingli became more and more active in a variety of roles and came to be involved in the most divergent issues. For the biographer, this situation creates considerable difficulty in find- ing the real thread of Zwingli's life and activity, if there is truly any such. Where, for instance, is the center in 1526 (if I may choose an arbitrary year) for a person engaged in the following tasks?: parish priest at the Grossmiinster, the main church of Zurich; a com- mentator and translator of the OT at the "Prophezei," * the Bible school; and expositor of the NT at the Fraumiinster, the second most important church of the city; a weekly preacher there; a theologian in the conflict with Luther about the Lord's Supper; a polemicist against Johannes Eck in the controversy over church authority; a defender of his own work against the Anabaptists; the "brain" behind the plan for a war against the Catholics in +Adapted and revised from a paper presented at Andrews University on May 9, 1984, and submitted as an article in the original Dutch to the Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis under the title "Huldrych Zwingli in zijn milieu" (forth- coming, as of the present writing). -
What Did Huldrych Zwingli Achieve for the Swiss Reformation?
What did Huldrych Zwingli achieve for the Swiss Reformation? Roger Porter Department of Theology Flinders University Abstract Huldrych Zwingli was a key figure in the Swiss Reformation. It was concluded that recognition of his contribution has, over time, dissipated and largely unacknowledged. Further research into Zwingli studies is warranted, highly recommended and already long overdue. Introduction: The Genesis of the Swiss Reformation The events of the Swiss Reformation were significantly influenced by Huldrych 1 Zwingli (1484-1531). His tragic death on the front line of a Swiss civil war in 1531 ended a career vitally important to the Protestant Reformation in Europe and abroad. Nevertheless, Zwingli was the only major reformer of the 16 th century whose vision and movement, despite his momentous achievements, did not develop into a church. Although defects of disjointedness and intellectualism mark his writings behind them lay an open, warm and friendly disposition, embodying a courageously arresting attempt to rethink all Christian doctrine in consistently biblical terms. This essay will illustrate how Huldrych Zwingli’s achievements were pivotal to the success of the Swiss Reformation, and the Reformation in general. His accomplishments will be noted in their various time periods together with the relevant historical events. It will be argued that, jointly with Martin Luther and John Calvin, Zwingli was a key individual in the 16 th century Reformation, and that his achievements contributed significantly to this momentous event in European history. Firstly, the key achievements of Huldrych Zwingli will be noted. These include (1) his breaking with Rome in 1522 by rejecting the Catholic co-ordination of scripture and tradition, (2) his replacing the Catholic mass in 1525 with the first Reformed communion service in the Zurich Great Minster Church and (3) his spreading the Swiss Reformation to other German and Italian Cantons of Switzerland.