Religion and Violence
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The Impact of Religion on Political Decision-Making in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
School of Sociology and Public Policy Department of History The impact of religion on political decision-making in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Debating Judaism and Zionism Ruth Esther Schwarz Thesis submitted as partial requirement for the conferral of Master in International Studies Thesis Advisor: PhD Giulia Daniele Invited Assistant Professor CEI - Center of International Studies ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa June 2018 Acknowledgements First of all, I want to thank my thesis advisor Giulia Daniele for her very reliable guidance and the many helpful advices for my master thesis. Secondly, I thank my Palestinian friend Emad Zreneh, whose personal view regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict widened my horizon and inspired me to search for a deeper understanding of the nature of the conflict today. Furthermore, I want to express my gratitude towards my family for all their continuous support. Last but not least, I would like to thank my inspiring friends Annalisa Neher, Julia Burgdorff, and Dorit Kämpfer in Germany for their encouragement and presence, despite physical distance, as well as Danielle de Sotti Novais and Zanre Reed in Portugal. i Resumo Persiste até aos nossos dias uma grande confusão relativamente ao significado dos termos judaísmo e sionismo, tanto dentro como fora do Israel. A opinião popular que os termos são sinónimos implica a suposição falsa que antisionismo é igual a antissemitismo, o que permite ao regime de direita de Israel fazer uso desta falácia com o fim de justificar a colonização contínua da Palestina. Com base no trabalho dos chamados Novos Historiadores de Israel, esta dissertação de mestrado visa desconstruir o pensamento convencional a respeito dos termos judaísmo e sionismo, analisando a natureza dos principais fluxos ideológicos e suas interconexões complexas antes e depois de 1948. -
103 Introduction to Religion
University Studies Course Rationale Statement The study of our religious world from its historical context is vital for students to correctly view global human relationships and events in their world today. The modern world is one in which religion plays a central role in social, identity- making, political, and economic events, as well as in the lives of communities and individuals. There is an essential need for ongoing reflection on and questioning of religious traditions, issues, and values. The purpose of REL 201, Introduction to Religious Studies, is to promote understanding and reflection through use of critical examination of primary source materials and investigative surveys of religious history within class lectures and discussions. This class will engage students in critically thinking about religions, humanity, and global society. The critical thinking and writing skills that will be developed in this class will assist the student in any other class they may take. Course Catalog Description (found on the Religious Studies university webpage) REL 201: Introduction to Religious Studies Introduction to the academic interdisciplinary study of religion, including the basic concepts and methodologies employed in understanding religion and interpreting religious beliefs, practices and artifacts. Topics covered may include historical and contemporary debates on religious issues, morality, the sacred and the profane and related themes. Master Syllabus Course: REL 201 – Introduction to Religious Studies Cluster Requirement 4C Course Description: Introduction to Religious Studies introduces students to the academic study of religion as a global concept and phenomenon. This course discusses the definitions, evolution, and forms of religious worldviews and belief systems by examining social definition and identity making, anthropology, theology, symbolism, and literary analysis. -
Arab Idol": a Palestinian Victory, at Last*
Volume 11, Number 7 April 30, 2017 "Arab Idol": A Palestinian Victory, At Last* Ronni Shaked and Itamar Radai From the left: Mohammed Assaf, Yacoub Shahin, and Ameer Dandan in "Arab Idol" finale, 25.2.2017. Source: "Arab Idol" website: http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab-idol-s4.html On February 27, 2017, Palestinians in the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and the diaspora, as well as the Palestinian citizens of the State of Israel, sat captivated by the broadcast of the finale of the fourth season of the reality television show, "Arab Idol." Held in Beirut, the final round of the Arab Idol competition featured two Palestinian contestants, Yacoub Shahin of Bethlehem in the Palestinian Authority and Ameer Dandan from the Galilee town of Majd al-Krum in Israel, along with a third finalist from Yemen.1 1 The Israeli Hebrew press portrayed the Arab Idol finals as "a competition between an Israeli and a Palestinian," however Dandan was enlisted to the program and presented himself during 1 When Shahin was declared the winner, widely known as "Mahbub al-ʿArab" ("Darling of the Arabs/Beloved one of the Arabs"), it touched off a celebration in Bethlehem’s Manger Square. Thousands of the city's residents had gathered in the plaza outside of the Church of the Nativity, with Palestinian pennants in their hands and the distinct Palestinian symbol, the black and white checkered Palestinian kufiyya (headdress/scarf), on their shoulders. On the east side of Manger Square, the municipality had set-up a big screen for a public viewing of the show's finale. -
Islamophobia and Religious Intolerance: Threats to Global Peace and Harmonious Co-Existence
Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies (QIJIS) Volume 8, Number 2, 2020 DOI : 10.21043/qijis.v8i2.6811 ISLAMOPHOBIA AND RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE: THREATS TO GLOBAL PEACE AND HARMONIOUS CO-EXISTENCE Kazeem Oluwaseun DAUDA National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Jabi-Abuja, Nigeria Consultant, FARKAZ Technologies & Education Consulting Int’l, Ijebu-Ode [email protected] Abstract Recent events show that there are heightened fear, hostilities, prejudices and discriminations associated with religion in virtually every part of the world. It becomes almost impossible to watch news daily without scenes of religious intolerance and violence with dire consequences for societal peace. This paper examines the trends, causes and implications of Islamophobia and religious intolerance for global peace and harmonious co-existence. It relies on content analysis of secondary sources of data. It notes that fear and hatred associated with Islām and persecution of Muslims is the fallout of religious intolerance as reflected in most melee and growingverbal attacks, trends anti-Muslim of far-right hatred,or right-wing racism, extremists xenophobia,. It revealsanti-Sharī’ah that Islamophobia policies, high-profile and religious terrorist intolerance attacks, have and loss of lives, wanton destruction of property, violation led to proliferation of attacks on Muslims, incessant of Muslims’ fundamental rights and freedom, rising fear of insecurity, and distrust between Muslims and QIJIS, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2020 257 Kazeem Oluwaseun DAUDA The paper concludes that escalating Islamophobic attacks and religious intolerance globally hadnon-Muslims. constituted a serious threat to world peace and harmonious co-existence. Relevant resolutions in curbing rising trends of Islamophobia and religious intolerance are suggested. -
Anti-Muslim Hatred and Discrimination Submission from Dia Kayyali Associate Director of Advocacy at Mnemonic, Independent Consul
Anti-Muslim Hatred and Discrimination Submission from Dia Kayyali Associate Director of Advocacy at Mnemonic, independent consultant on technology and human rights, and co-chair of the Christchurch Call Advisory Network1 [email protected] Summary: This submission focuses on the online aspect of anti-Muslim hatred and discrimination (Islamophobia). Content that incites violence against Muslims is too often left up on major social media platforms, while important content produced by Muslims is often removed. This leads to diminishing opportunities for justice in conflict zones such as Syria, while facilitating increased violence against Muslim communities around the world. Furthermore, online content is never solely online. Rather, it is intimately linked to violence and discrimination against Muslims in a harmful feedback loop. How the online feeds into the offline and back again, creating a vicious cycle The online component of Islamophobia has deadly consequences for Muslims around the world. At the same time, predominantly Muslim communities see content they post online regularly removed by major social media companies. Islamophobia, like other social ills, is stuck in a dangerous feedback loop. Offline discrimination and violence lead to online hate speech and dangerous speech. This content then worsens discrimination, and sometimes directly incites offline violence and other negative consequences. The cycle is self-perpetuating, and it is deadly. Muslim lives have already been lost as a result, and Islamophobia threatens other essential human rights including freedoms of expression and religion. Who is Muslim? Islamophobia doesn’t just impact Muslims. As outlined in this submission, it also impacts people who are secular or practice other religions but are in Muslim majority countries or communities. -
Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol. -
When Art Is the Weapon: Culture and Resistance Confronting Violence in the Post-Uprisings Arab World
Religions 2015, 6, 1277–1313; doi:10.3390/rel6041277 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Article When Art Is the Weapon: Culture and Resistance Confronting Violence in the Post-Uprisings Arab World Mark LeVine 1,2 1 Department of History, University of California, Irvine, Krieger Hall 220, Irvine, CA 92697-3275, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Finngatan 16, 223 62 Lund, Sweden Academic Editor: John L. Esposito Received: 6 August 2015 / Accepted: 23 September 2015 / Published: 5 November 2015 Abstract: This article examines the explosion of artistic production in the Arab world during the so-called Arab Spring. Focusing on music, poetry, theatre, and graffiti and related visual arts, I explore how these “do-it-yourself” scenes represent, at least potentially, a “return of the aura” to the production of culture at the edge of social and political transformation. At the same time, the struggle to retain a revolutionary grounding in the wake of successful counter-revolutionary moves highlights the essentially “religious” grounding of “committed” art at the intersection of intense creativity and conflict across the Arab world. Keywords: Arab Spring; revolutionary art; Tahrir Square What to do when military thugs have thrown your mother out of the second story window of your home? If you’re Nigerian Afrobeat pioneer Fela Kuta, Africa’s greatest political artist, you march her coffin to the Presidential compound and write a song, “Coffin for Head of State,” about the murder. Just to make sure everyone gets the point, you use the photo of the crowd at the gates of the compound with her coffin as the album cover [1]. -
Song, State, Sawa Music and Political Radio Between the US and Syria
Song, State, Sawa Music and Political Radio between the US and Syria Beau Bothwell Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Beau Bothwell All rights reserved ABSTRACT Song, State, Sawa: Music and Political Radio between the US and Syria Beau Bothwell This dissertation is a study of popular music and state-controlled radio broadcasting in the Arabic-speaking world, focusing on Syria and the Syrian radioscape, and a set of American stations named Radio Sawa. I examine American and Syrian politically directed broadcasts as multi-faceted objects around which broadcasters and listeners often differ not only in goals, operating assumptions, and political beliefs, but also in how they fundamentally conceptualize the practice of listening to the radio. Beginning with the history of international broadcasting in the Middle East, I analyze the institutional theories under which music is employed as a tool of American and Syrian policy, the imagined youths to whom the musical messages are addressed, and the actual sonic content tasked with political persuasion. At the reception side of the broadcaster-listener interaction, this dissertation addresses the auditory practices, histories of radio, and theories of music through which listeners in the sonic environment of Damascus, Syria create locally relevant meaning out of music and radio. Drawing on theories of listening and communication developed in historical musicology and ethnomusicology, science and technology studies, and recent transnational ethnographic and media studies, as well as on theories of listening developed in the Arabic public discourse about popular music, my dissertation outlines the intersection of the hypothetical listeners defined by the US and Syrian governments in their efforts to use music for political ends, and the actual people who turn on the radio to hear the music. -
University of Lo Ndo N Soas the Umayyad Caliphate 65-86
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SOAS THE UMAYYAD CALIPHATE 65-86/684-705 (A POLITICAL STUDY) by f Abd Al-Ameer 1 Abd Dixon Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philoso] August 1969 ProQuest Number: 10731674 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731674 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2. ABSTRACT This thesis is a political study of the Umayyad Caliphate during the reign of f Abd a I -M a lik ibn Marwan, 6 5 -8 6 /6 8 4 -7 0 5 . The first chapter deals with the po litical, social and religious background of ‘ Abd al-M alik, and relates this to his later policy on becoming caliph. Chapter II is devoted to the ‘ Alid opposition of the period, i.e . the revolt of al-Mukhtar ibn Abi ‘ Ubaid al-Thaqafi, and its nature, causes and consequences. The ‘ Asabiyya(tribal feuds), a dominant phenomenon of the Umayyad period, is examined in the third chapter. An attempt is made to throw light on its causes, and on the policies adopted by ‘ Abd al-M alik to contain it. -
A Critique of Religion As Politics in the Public Sphere
DigitalCommons@NYLS Articles & Chapters Faculty Scholarship 1993 A Critique of Religion as Politics in the Public Sphere Ruti Teitel New York Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/fac_articles_chapters Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation 78 Cornell L. Rev. 747 (1992-1993) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles & Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@NYLS. A CRITIQUE OF RELIGION AS POLITICS IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE Ruti Teitel t TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 7 48 I. THE CALL FROM POLITICS •••.••.•••••••••••..••••••••• 750 A. Epistemology and Lawmaking ...................... 750 B. Of Beliefs and Conversation . 752 C. Of Fragmentation and Consensus . 754 II. THE CALL FROM RELIGION •.••.•••••••.•••.•••••••••••• 756 A. The Original Separation Model . 7 56 B. Three Antinomies of Separation . 759 C. The New Engagement . 760 D. The Retreat from the Original Model . 762 E. Of Fragmentation and Consensus . 763 III. RELIGION, POLITICS, AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW • • . • . • • • 766 A. The Original Neutrality Principle . 766 B. The New Neutrality: Religion as Politics ........... 768 1. In Legislative Decisionmaking . 768 2. In Individual Decisionmaking and Free Exercise Clause Doctrine......................................... 773 3. Employment Division v. Smith and Religion as Politics.......................................... 774 C. Religion as Politics and the Analogy to Political Speech ............................................ 777 IV. THE DISCOURSE MODEL • . • • . • • • . • • . • • . • • . • • . • • • • • • . 780 A. The Call to Conversation . 780 B. The Commitment to Conversation . 781 C. The Commitment to Equality of Access . 782 D. Of Duty and of Civility . 783 t Associate Professor of Law, New York Law School. -
Theidahospmesimi ^Myiew
Th e IdahoSpmEsimi ^MYiEW AN EDITION OF THE SPOKESMAN-REVIEW » NEWS ONLINE WMIW.SPORAIE.NET FBI: Aryan Matrh 22, 1998 • $1.50 by Kehoes ‘Army’ used weapons in string of bank robberies By Bill Morlin Staff writer A terrorist gang responsible for 22 bank robberies obtained firearms from accused murderer Chevie Kehoe and his father, Kirby Kehoe. Aryan Republican Army mem bers used guns supplied by the Kehoes in some of the Midwest bank robberies, which netted “We seized an $250,000, the FBI confirms. aw ful lot o f Agents aren’t saying if the weap ons were among those stolen from gunsfro m murdered Arkansas gun dealer Wil liam Mueller. these people Firearms and military surplus supplies taken from Mueller were and we're brought to Spokane by the Kehoes and stored at the Shadows Motel & still not RV Park, court records say. certain where At the same time, authorities say, the Aryan Republican Army used they all came bank robbery money to record an * 51 anti-Semitic rock music CD. y rom. Chevie Kehoe was a friend of the skinheads who recorded the CD, Michael Schwartz their associates claim. The CD was dedicated to Vicki and Sam U.S. Attorney Weaver, who were killed in the Ruby Ridge siege, and an Arkansas racist executed for murder. The Kehoes met Aryan Republican Army members at Elohim City, a white supremacy-survivalist compound in eastern Oklahoma. Chevie Kehoe and at least two members of the Aryan Republican Army — known as the ARA — also visited the Aryan Nations compound in North Idaho between 1993 and 1996. -
Khamis-Lina-Edward-Social-Media-And-Palestinian-Youth
The Journal of Development Communication SOCIAL MEDIA AND PALESTINIAN YOUTH CULTURE: THE IMPACT OF NEW INFORMATION AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES ON CULTURAL AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN PALESTINE Lina Edward Khamis n the last decades Palestinians witnessed a failure to reactivate the peace Iprocess, coupled with the expansionist policies of the current Israeli government, the quest of a two-state solution, is fast disappearing. Barriers to development imposed by the continuing occupation and the separation wall. The consequences of the Palestinian condition as a stateless nation, and nonexistence were evidenced in the lack of communication among people, the distance from places of leisure, culture and social disintegration with all the limitations of life that are accompanied with it. The Palestinians had to invent and create an immediate solution to come alive and adapt to the current situation or else run the risk of engendering a well known form of social pathology. In a country were institutional forms of government are lacking; ‘popular culture has developed on social media platforms free from the governmental authority and power. Facebook provides a free space for self-expression, creativity, civic initiative, anti-politics and the freedom of communication with international society.’ Recent statistics indicate that Palestinian youth are one of the largest users of social media in the Arab World, mainly Facebook (PCBS, 2015). The onset of the use of social media heralded an interest, by scholars in re-defining the lynchpins of democracy in Palestine and the importance of social media in that equation. The effect of new media on emotional life, empathy, political participation, and social mobilisation had a major impact on these deliberations.