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Advances in THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR VOLUME 31 Advances in THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR Edited by PETER J. B. S LATER JAY S. ROSENBLATT CHARLES T. S NOWDON TIMOTHY J. R OPER Advances in THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR Edited by PETER J. B. S LATER School of Biology University of St. Andrews Fife, United Kingdom JAY S. ROSENBLATT Institute of Animal Behavior Rutgers University Newark, New Jersey CHARLES T. S NOWDON Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin TIMOTHY J. R OPER School of Biological Sciences University of Sussex Sussex, United Kingdom VOLUME 31 San Diego San Francisco New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Copyright C 2002 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher’s consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923), for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-2002 chapters are as shown on the title pages. If no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. 0065-3454/2002 $35.00 Explicit permission from Academic Press is not required to reproduce a maximum of two figures or tables from an Academic Press chapter in another scientific or research publication provided that the material has not been credited to another source and that full credit to the Academic Press chapter is given. Academic Press A division of Harcourt, Inc. 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK http://www.academicpress.com International Standard Book Number: 0-12-004531-1 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 020304050607SB987654321 Contents Contributors ............................................ ix Preface ................................................ xi Conflict and Cooperation in a Female-Dominated Society: A Reassessment of the “Hyperaggressive” Image of Spotted Hyenas MARION L. EAST AND HERIBERT HOFER I. Introduction ..................................... 1 II. Serengeti Hyena Social Organization .................. 4 III. Conflict over Access to Food . ..................... 5 IV. Sibling Rivalry: A By-Product of Androgenization or an Adaptation to Fluctuating Levels of Prey? ........... 8 V. Siblicide and Biases in the Sex Composition of Twin Litters ................................... 10 VI. Female Dominance and Virilization ................... 13 VII. Virilization and Androgens ......................... 14 VIII. The Fitness Consequences of Virilization . ............. 19 IX. The Male-Dominance Hierarchy: Queuing for Social Status ..................................... 20 X. Male–Female Behavior ............................ 21 XI. Natal Postdispersal Males ........................... 22 XII. Conflict Resolution . ............................. 22 XIII. Conclusion . ..................................... 24 XIV. Summary . ..................................... 24 References . ..................................... 25 Birdsong and Male–Male Competition: Causes and Consequences of Vocal Variability in the Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) CAREL TEN CATE, HANS SLABBEKOORN, AND MECHTELD R. BALLINTIJN I. Introduction ..................................... 31 II. Song: Mate Attraction and Male Contest . ............. 32 III. The Collared Dove as a Model System ................. 40 IV. Perch-Coo Variability among Individuals . ............. 44 V. Modulated Elements . ............................. 46 v vi CONTENTS VI. Variation in Element Number ....................... 57 VII. Vocal Variability and Male Contest: Conclusions ......... 62 VIII. Summary ....................................... 64 References . ................................... 65 Imitation of Novel Complex Actions: What Does the Evidence from Animals Mean? RICHARD W. BYRNE I. Introduction . ................................... 77 II. Social Learning without Imitation . ................... 79 III. Learning When and Learning How ................... 81 IV. Imitation: Social Mimicry and Picking Up Methods ....... 85 V. Production Learning by Imitation .................... 87 VI. What Limits Production Learning by Imitation? ......... 97 VII. Wider Implications ................................ 99 VIII. Summary ....................................... 100 References . ................................... 101 Lateralization in Vertebrates: Its Early Evolution, General Pattern, and Development LESLEY J. ROGERS I. Introduction . ................................... 107 II. Feeding and Prey Capture .......................... 111 III. Predator-Escape and Fear Responses ................. 123 IV. Spatial Maps and Attention ......................... 133 V. Aggressive Responses . ........................... 139 VI. Advantages and Disadvantages of Being Lateralized ...... 144 VII. Summary ....................................... 151 References . ................................... 153 Auditory Scene Analysis in Animal Communication STEWART H. HULSE I. Introduction . ................................... 163 II. Auditory Scene Analysis ........................... 164 III. Demonstrations of Auditory Scene Analysis by Songbirds . 169 IV. Further Possibilities for Research on Auditory Scene Analysis in Nonhuman Animals . ................... 182 V. Theory ......................................... 191 CONTENTS vii VI. Final Comments .................................. 195 VII. Summary . ..................................... 196 References . ..................................... 196 Electric Signals: Predation, Sex, and Environmental Constraints PHILIP K. STODDARD I. Introduction ..................................... 201 II. A Gymnotiform Primer ............................ 204 III. The Perils of Predators ............................. 215 IV. ’Twas Ever Thus: Sex versus Predators ................. 224 V. Electrosensory Influences on Niche Partitioning ......... 228 VI. The Story Thus Far . ............................. 233 VII. Future Investigations . ............................. 234 VIII. Summary . ...................................... 235 References ...................................... 236 How to Vocally Identify Kin in a Crowd: The Penguin Model THIERRY AUBIN AND PIERRE JOUVENTIN I. Introduction ..................................... 243 II. Locations and Methods ............................ 245 III. The Constraints .................................. 248 IV. The Solutions Found . ............................. 254 V. Perspectives ..................................... 269 VI. Conclusion ...................................... 271 VII. Summary . ..................................... 272 References ...................................... 273 Index ................................................. 279 Contents of Previous Volumes .............................. 287 ThisPageIntentionallyLeftBlank Contributors Numbers in parentheses indicate pages on which the authors’ contributions begin. THIERRY AUBIN (243), NAM-CNRS URA 1491, Universite´ Paris-XI, F-91400 Orsay, France MECHTELD R. BALLINTIJN (31), Behavioural Biology, Institute of Evo- lutionary and Ecological Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands RICHARD W. BYRNE (77), Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psy- chology, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9JU, Scotland, United Kingdom MARION L. EAST (1), Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315 Berlin, Germany; and Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Verhaltensphysiologie, D-82305 Seewiesen, Germany HERIBERT HOFER (1), Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315 Berlin, Germany; and Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Verhaltensphysiologie, D-82305 Seewiesen, Germany STEWART H. HULSE (163), Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 PIERRE JOUVENTIN (243), CEFE-CNRS, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France LESLEY J. ROGERS (107), Division of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia HANS SLABBEKOORN (31), Center for Tropical Research and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132 PHILIP K. STODDARD (201), Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199 CAREL TEN CATE (31), Behavioural Biology, Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ix ThisPageIntentionallyLeftBlank Preface The aim of Advances remains as it has been since the series began: to serve the increasing number of scientists who are engaged in the study of animal behavior by presenting their theoretical ideas and research to their colleagues and to those in neighboring fields. We hope that the series will continue its “contribution to the development of cooperation and