Apollonius of Tyana
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RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian's “Great
ABSTRACT RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy. (Under the direction of Prof. S. Thomas Parker) In the year 303, the Roman Emperor Diocletian and the other members of the Tetrarchy launched a series of persecutions against Christians that is remembered as the most severe, widespread, and systematic persecution in the Church’s history. Around that time, the Tetrarchy also issued a rescript to the Pronconsul of Africa ordering similar persecutory actions against a religious group known as the Manichaeans. At first glance, the Tetrarchy’s actions appear to be the result of tensions between traditional classical paganism and religious groups that were not part of that system. However, when the status of Jewish populations in the Empire is examined, it becomes apparent that the Tetrarchy only persecuted Christians and Manichaeans. This thesis explores the relationship between the Tetrarchy and each of these three minority groups as it attempts to understand the Tetrarchy’s policies towards minority religions. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the relationship between the Roman state and minority religious groups in the era just before the Empire’s formal conversion to Christianity. It is only around certain moments in the various religions’ relationships with the state that the Tetrarchs order violence. Consequently, I argue that violence towards minority religions was a means by which the Roman state policed boundaries around its conceptions of Roman identity. © Copyright 2016 Carl Ross Rice All Rights Reserved Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy by Carl Ross Rice A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ _______________________________ S. -
ROUTES and COMMUNICATIONS in LATE ROMAN and BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (Ca
ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY TÜLİN KAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY JULY 2020 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. D. Burcu ERCİYAS Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Suna GÜVEN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk SERİN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayşe F. EROL (Hacı Bayram Veli Uni., Arkeoloji) Assist. Prof. Dr. Emine SÖKMEN (Hitit Uni., Arkeoloji) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Tülin Kaya Signature : iii ABSTRACT ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) Kaya, Tülin Ph.D., Department of Settlement Archaeology Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. -
Theology As Academic Discourse in Greco-Roman Late Antiquity1
THEOLOGY AS ACADEMIC DISCOURSE IN GRECO-ROMAN 1 LATE ANTIQUITY Josef Lössl, Cardiff University ([email protected]) Abstract: Following conventional wisdom Theology as an academic discipline (taught at Universities) is something which developed only in the Middle Ages, or in a certain sense even as late as the 19th century. The present essay in contrast traces its origins to Classical Antiquity and outlines its development in early Christianity, especially with a view to institutions of higher education that existed in Late Antiquity, e. g. in rhetoric and philosophy. It concludes that there were forms of academic theological discourse in Late Antiquity which were to become the basis of later developments in the discipline. Introduction The title of this paper may seem problematic in the sense that Classical Antiquity knew neither an academic discipline called “theology”2 nor a secular institution of higher education that could be compared with what we understand by “university”.3 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented on 16 April 2013 at a symposium on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main. I thank the organi-sers of the symposium, in particular Prof. Dr. Knut Wenzel, for inviting me to speak on that occasion. 2 Of course, early Christian discourse as reflected in the extant literary remains of early Christianity is generally assumed to be, at least to a large part, also in some sense theology; for a discussion of this point see Chr. Markschies, Die kaiserzeitliche christliche Theologie und ihre Institutionen (Tübingen, 2009), now translated as Chr. -
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Ancient Greek Philosophy but didn’t Know Who to Ask Edited by Patricia F. O’Grady MEET THE PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE Dedicated to the memory of Panagiotis, a humble man, who found pleasure when reading about the philosophers of Ancient Greece Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything you always wanted to know about Ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask Edited by PATRICIA F. O’GRADY Flinders University of South Australia © Patricia F. O’Grady 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Patricia F. O’Grady has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi.ed as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask 1. Philosophy, Ancient 2. Philosophers – Greece 3. Greece – Intellectual life – To 146 B.C. I. O’Grady, Patricia F. 180 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask / Patricia F. -
The Routledge Companion to Early Christian Thought Greco-Roman
This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 27 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK The Routledge Companion to Early Christian Thought D. Jeffrey Bingham Greco-Roman Understanding of Christianity Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203864517.ch3 Paul Hartog Published online on: 21 Dec 2009 How to cite :- Paul Hartog. 21 Dec 2009, Greco-Roman Understanding of Christianity from: The Routledge Companion to Early Christian Thought Routledge Accessed on: 27 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203864517.ch3 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 23:14 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780203864517, chapter3, 10.4324/9780203864517.ch3 First published 2010 by Routledge 2 park square, milton park, abingdon, oxon oX14 4Rn simultaneously published in the usa and Canada by Routledge 270 madison ave., new york, ny 100016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010. -
Justifying Religious Freedom: the Western Tradition
Justifying Religious Freedom: The Western Tradition E. Gregory Wallace* Table of Contents I. THESIS: REDISCOVERING THE RELIGIOUS JUSTIFICATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.......................................................... 488 II. THE ORIGINS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN EARLY CHRISTIAN THOUGHT ................................................................................... 495 A. Early Christian Views on Religious Toleration and Freedom.............................................................................. 495 1. Early Christian Teaching on Church and State............. 496 2. Persecution in the Early Roman Empire....................... 499 3. Tertullian’s Call for Religious Freedom ....................... 502 B. Christianity and Religious Freedom in the Constantinian Empire ................................................................................ 504 C. The Rise of Intolerance in Christendom ............................. 510 1. The Beginnings of Christian Intolerance ...................... 510 2. The Causes of Christian Intolerance ............................. 512 D. Opposition to State Persecution in Early Christendom...... 516 E. Augustine’s Theory of Persecution..................................... 518 F. Church-State Boundaries in Early Christendom................ 526 G. Emerging Principles of Religious Freedom........................ 528 III. THE PRESERVATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEDIEVAL AND REFORMATION EUROPE...................................................... 530 A. Persecution and Opposition in the Medieval -
A Commentary on Jerome's Contra Vigilantium by Amy
A COMMENTARY ON JEROME’S CONTRA VIGILANTIUM BY AMY HYE OH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Philology with a concentration in Medieval Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Danuta Shanzer Professor Ralph Mathisen Professor Jon Solomon Professor Stephan Heilan, University of Osnabrück ABSTRACT Innkeepers inspired this dissertation. After working on ‘innkeepers’ as a topic for a research seminar paper, I soon discovered that the term caupo counted as an insult according to several church fathers, including Jerome. In the Contra Vigilantium, Jerome mocked his enemy, Vigilantius, by calling him a caupo who mixed water with wine; I wondered whether the title was true and the insult was deserved. What remained was to figure out who this man was and why he mattered. The dissertation is comprised of four parts: introductory chapters, a text with an en face translation, a philological/historical commentary, and appendices. The first chapter introduces Vigilantius, discusses why a commentary of the Contra Vigilantium is needed, and provides a biography, supported by literary and historical evidence in response to the bolder and more fanciful account of W.S. Gilly.1 The second chapter treats Vigilantius as an exegete. From a sample of his exegesis preserved in Jerome’s Ep. 61, I determine that Jerome dismissed Vigilantius’ exegesis because he wanted to protect his own orthodoxy. The third chapter situates Vigilantius in the debate on relic worship. His position is valuable because he opposed most of his contemporaries, decrying relics instead of supporting their translation and veneration. -
The Persecution of Christians in the First Century
JETS 61.3 (2018): 525–47 THE PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS IN THE FIRST CENTURY ECKHARD J. SCHNABEL* Abstract: The Book of Acts, Paul’s letters, 1 Peter, Hebrews, and Revelation attest to nu- merous incidents of persecution, which are attested for most provinces of the Roman empire, triggered by a wide variety of causes and connected with a wide variety of charges against the fol- lowers of Jesus. This essay surveys the twenty-seven specific incidents of and general references to persecution of Christians in the NT, with a focus on geographical, chronological, and legal matters. Key words: persecution, mission, hostility, opposition, Jerusalem, Rome, Peter, Paul, Acts, Hebrews, Revelation This essay seeks to survey the evidence in the NT for instances of the perse- cution of Jesus’ earliest followers in their historical and chronological contexts without attempting to provide a comprehensive analysis of each incident. The Greek term diōgmos that several NT authors use, usually translated as “persecu- tion,”1 is defined as “a program or process designed to harass and oppress some- one.”2 The term “persecution” is used here to describe the aggressive harassment and deliberate ill-treatment of the followers of Jesus, ranging from verbal abuse, denunciation before local magistrates, initiating court proceedings to beatings, flog- ging, banishment from a city, execution, and lynch killings. I. PERSECUTION IN JUDEA, SYRIA, AND NABATEA (AD 30–38/40) 1. Persecution in Jerusalem, Judea (I). Priests in Jerusalem, the captain of the tem- ple, and Sadducees arrested the apostles Peter and John who spoke to a crowd of * Eckhard J. -
Talismans Against Tsunamis: Apollonius of Tyana and the Stelai of the Herakleion in Gades (VA 5.5) Manuel Álvarez Martí-Aguilar
Talismans against Tsunamis: Apollonius of Tyana and the stelai of the Herakleion in Gades (VA 5.5) Manuel Álvarez Martí-Aguilar HE HERAKLEION IN GADES was a religious centre famous throughout the ancient world.1 According to T the local accounts collected by Posidonius of Apamea and transmitted by Strabo (3.5.5–6), the origin of the sanctuary dated back to the time of the city’s foundation by colonists from Tyre, which is currently dated to the ninth century B.C.2 The sanctuary was dedicated to Melqart, the most important god of the metropolis and the new colony, who is identified in 1 Among the extensive bibliography, the most notable are A. García y Bellido, “Hércules Gaditanus,” ArchEsp 36 (1963) 70–153; D. van Berchem, “Sanctuaires d’Hercule-Melqart. Contribution à l’étude de l’expansion phénicienne en Méditerranée,” Syria 44 (1967) 80–87; J. M. Blázquez, “El Herakleion Gaditano, un templo semita en Occidente,” in Imagen y mito. Estudios sobre religiones mediterráneas e ibéricas (Madrid 1977) 17–28; C. Bonnet, Melqart. Cultes et mythes de l’Héraclès tyrien en Méditerranée (Leuven/Namur 1988) 203–229; A. T. Fear, “A Journey to the End of the World,” in J. Elsner and I. Rutherford (eds.), Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman and Early Christian Antiquity (Oxford 2005) 319–331; M. C. Marín, “Les contacts entre Phéniciens et Grecs dans le territoire de Gadir et leur formulation religieuse,” in S. Ribichini et al. (eds.), La questione delle influenze vicino-orientali sulla religione greca (Rome 2001) 315–331; M. C. Marín and A. -
The Seven Sages.Pdf
Document belonging to the Greek Mythology Link, a web site created by Carlos Parada, author of Genealogical Guide to Greek Mythology Characters • Places • Topics • Images • Bibliography • PDF Editions About • Copyright © 1997 Carlos Parada and Maicar Förlag. The Seven Sages of Greece Search the GML advanced Sections in this Page Introduction: The Labyrinth of Wisdom The Seven Sages of Greece Thales Solon Chilon Pittacus Bias "… wisdom is a form of goodness, and is not scientific knowledge but Cleobulus another kind of cognition." (Aristotle, Eudemian Ethics 1246b, 35). Periander Anacharsis Myson Epimenides Pherecydes Table: Lists of the Seven Sages Notes and Sources of Quotations Introduction: The Labyrinth of Wisdom For a god wisdom is perhaps a divine meal to be swallowed at one gulp without need of mastication, and that would be the end of the story. The deities are known for their simplicity. The matter of human wisdom, however, could fill all archives on earth without ever exhausting itself. Humanity is notorious for its complexity. And men proudly say "Good things are difficult." But is wisdom a labyrinth, or "thinking makes it so"? And when did the saga of human wisdom begin and with whom? The Poet When humans contemplated Dawn for the first time, wisdom was the treasure of the poet alone. Of all men he was the wisest, for the gods had chosen his soul as receptacle of their confidences. Thus filled with inspiration divine, the poet knew better than any other man the secrets of the world. And since Apollo found more pleasure in leading the Muses than in warming his tripod, neither the inspiration of the Pythia nor that of seers could match the poet's wisdom. -
Biblical Turkey
Biblical Turkey A Guide to the Jewish and Christian Sites of Asia Minor ISBN: 9786054701483 (pb) by Mark Wilson PRICE: DESCRIPTION: $39.95 (pb) Biblical Turkey has become the authoritative and comprehensive guide to the ancient Jewish and Christian sites in Turkey. It includes all the references to cities, regions, provinces, and natural PUBLICATION DATE: features in the Jewish Bible/Old Testament, Apocrypha/Deuterocanonicals, New Testament, and 30 July 2014 (pb) Apostolic Fathers. Special features include Sidetrips, which point to nearby sites that are also of interest to visitors. The In-Sites help readers to read between the lines for special insights into the BINDING: biblical text. In the Ancient Voice section, writers from antiquity speak about the ancient world of Asia Paperback Minor. Colorful photographs and plans of selected sites illustrate the volume. The third edition incorporates fresh archaeological discoveries including the new excavation at Derbe. Also added is a SIZE: new section on Calneh (Tell Tayinat) and its sister site Alalakh (Tell Atchana). 5 x8 TABLE OF CONTENTS: PAGES: Author's Introduction General Introduction Abbreviations Maps Turkey's Seven Regions with Biblical 400 Sites Jewish Communities in Asia Minor Paul's Anatolian Journeys John's Seven Churches of Asia Peter's Communities Chapter 1: East Region (Dogu Anadolu Bolgesi) Natural Sites Mount Ararat ILLUSTRATIONS: (Agri Dag) Euphrates River Tigris River Ancient Voice: The Gilgamesh Epic Ancient Regions Ararat, col illus. Urartu Togarmah Ancient Cities Tushpa -
Apollonius of Tyana
— ’ ‘ Vh d a ‘s Y r a Y u s A PO LLO N I U S OF TY A N A THE PHILOSOPHER- REFORMER E FI T C NT Y A D . OF THE RS UR . A CRITI CAL ST UD Y OF THE ON LY EXISTIN G RE CORD O F H IS LIFE WITH SOME ACCO UN T OF TH E WAR O F O PIN ION CON C ERN IN G H IM A N D AN INTRO D UCTION O N TH E RELIGIO US ASSOCIATION S A N D BROTH ERH OO D S O F THE TIMES A N D TH E POSSI BLE IN FLUE N CE IN D IAN THO UGHT ON GREE CE—BY E D B M A . A , . , LOND ON A ND B ENARES TH EOSO PHI CAL PU BLIS H lN G S OCI ETY 1 90 1 TA B E F E L O C ONT NTS . I N TROD U OTORY THE RELIGIOU S ASSOCIA TIONS A N D COMMU N ITIES OF THE F IRST CENTU RY I NDIA A N D GREE CE THE APOLLONIU S OF E A RLY OPINION T XTS T A NS A TI NS A N D LIT A TU E , R L O , ER RE THE BIOGRA PHER OF APOLLONIUS E A RLY LIFE THE TRA VELS OF APOLLONIU S I N THE SHRINE S OF THE TEMPLES A N D THE RETREA TS OF RELIGION THE GY MNOSOPHISTS OF U PPER EGY PT A P OLLON rUS A N D THE RU LE RS OF THE E MPIRE APOLLONIU S THE P ROPHET A N D WONDER WORKER H I S MODE OF LIFE H IMSELF A N D HIS CI ROLE F ROM HIS S A Y INGS A N D SERMONS FROM HIS LETTE RS THE WRITINGS OF APOLLONIU S X I I I B I B LI OGRA P H I OA L N T S V .