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000149644.Pdf Mestrado em Multimédia Implementação de Exposições Virtuais em Ambiente Tridimensional em Museus de Ciência e Técnica João Carlos Carvalho Aires de Sousa (070549009) Licenciado (Pré-Bolonha) em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores pela Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto Dissertação submetida para satisfação parcial dos requisitos de grau de Mestre em Multimédia Dissertação realizada sob a orientação do Professor Doutor António Augusto Sousa, do Departamento de Engenharia Informática da Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto e sob a coorientação da Mestre Susana Maria Moreira de Figueiredo Medina Vieira, docente convidada do Departamento de Ciências e Técnicas do Património da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto Porto, setembro de 2011 II Resumo O estudo realizado na presente dissertação surge da necessidade de agilização do processo de criação de exposições virtuais em museus de ciência e técnica. O principal objetivo deste trabalho consiste em desenvolver um método tecnológico que permita a profissionais de museu a criação, de uma forma fácil e acessível, exposições em ambiente tridimensional. As tecnologias 3D adaptam-se à natureza interativa associada a objetos museológicos de ciência e técnica, e constituem um fator de preferência para a representação das suas exposições em contexto digital, permitindo o acesso aos acervos museológicos sem restrições temporais e de manipulação. A análise teórica da presente investigação revelou que muitos museus de ciência e técnica não apresentam os seus conteúdos digitais numa dinâmica 3D interativa. Por outro lado, constatou-se a grande complexidade e diminuta flexibilidade dos atuais sistemas de criação de exposições e de museus virtuais em contexto tridimensional. A simplicidade, flexibilidade e qualidade gráfica dos atuais motores de criação de jogos de vídeo em ambiente tridimensional, apresentam a capacidade necessária para a sua personalização e reconfiguração num sistema de suporte tecnológico para a criação de exposições virtuais. Para a concretização dos objetivos propostos, foi desenvolvido um protótipo, suportado por um motor de jogo e testado por um painel de profissionais de museus de ciência e técnica. Os resultados dos testes de usabilidade, do protótipo, demonstraram a sua utilidade e aplicabilidade na criação de exposições virtuais em ambiente 3D em museus de ciência e técnica. III IV Abstract The study in this thesis arises from the need to expedite the process of creating virtual exhibitions in science and technology museums. The main goal of this research is to develop a technological method that allows museum professionals to create, in an easy and accessible way, three-dimensional environment exhibitions. 3D technologies are adequate to the interactive nature of science and technology museum objects, and are a preferential medium to represent them in a virtual and digital environment, allowing access to the museum collections without time and handling restrictions. The theoretical analysis of this research revealed that many science and technology museums do not represent their digital contents in an interactive 3D dynamic. On the other hand, there was a great complexity and diminished flexibility of the current cultural heritage 3D creation systems. The flexibility, simplicity, and graphic quality of modern 3D game engines, allow the customization and reconfiguration of the engine to technologically support the creation of virtual exhibitions. To accomplish the research goal, a prototype was developed, supported by a 3D game engine and was tested by a panel of science and technology museum professionals. Usability test results of the prototype, demonstrated its usefulness and applicability in the creation of virtual 3D environment exhibitions in science and technology museums. V VI Agradecimentos Um trabalho de investigação nunca será uma tarefa isolada e solitária. Como tal muitos contribuíram de forma direta e indireta para a sua concretização. Agradeço em primeiro lugar ao meu orientador Professor Doutor Augusto Sousa e à minha coorientadora Dr.ª Susana Medina, pelo acompanhamento, disponibilidade e ajuda em todo o processo de investigação. As suas ajudas e contribuições foram decisivas para uma conclusão com sucesso. Um agradecimento à Dr.ª Ana Azevedo e ao Dr. Luís Miguel Costa, não só pelo seu apoio mas também pela sua amizade e entusiasmo contagiantes que, nos momentos mais complicados, tiveram sempre uma palavra e um gesto de apoio, ajuda e incentivo. Um obrigado ao Juarez Braga, pela cedência do seu fantástico objeto 3D. Um obrigado especial ao meu painel de utilizadores, que apesar do seu tempo escasso, se disponibilizaram a testar o meu protótipo. Foi um prazer e um privilégio conhecer-vos. Aos meus colegas de trabalho um forte agradecimento, pelo vosso constante positivismo e incentivo para a conclusão da presente dissertação. Um agradecimento muito especial à Palmira Seixas, à Marta Mota e à Daniela Oliveira pelo seu apoio e auxílio nos momentos críticos. Aos meus amigos, Marco Carquejo, Cláudia Silva, Nuno Cordeiro, Nuno Andrade, Hélder Hammilton, João Certo, Pedro Graça, Vítor Sendas, Maria Marques, Luís Sarmento, César Areal, Isabel Margarido, Bruno Pombal e Hugo Machado. Nos momentos mais alegres e nos momentos mais difíceis vocês foram o meu apoio. As vossas palavras de incentivo e motivação foram verdadeiramente decisivas e continuarão a ser. Por último, gostaria de deixar o maior agradecimento à minha Mãe Maria Júlia, ao meu Pai João Aires e à minha namorada Ana Margarida. Verdadeiramente, sem vocês este trabalho não teria sido possível. A vossa ajuda, o vosso amor, o vosso carinho e compreensão, foram a pedra basilar para a concretização deste projeto. A vocês dedico esta dissertação. VII VIII Índice 1 Introdução..................................................................................................23 1.1 Contextualização........................................................................................... 23 1.2 Motivação....................................................................................................... 23 1.3 Relevância da Investigação ......................................................................... 24 1.4 Objetivos Gerais ........................................................................................... 25 1.5 Objetivos Específicos................................................................................... 25 1.6 Estrutura da Dissertação.............................................................................. 25 2 Revisão Bibliográfica................................................................................27 2.1 Do Museu de Ciência e Técnica ao Museu Universitário ......................... 27 2.1.1 Conceitos, Origens e Evoluções .............................................................. 27 2.1.2 O Museu Universitário............................................................................. 29 2.1.3 Missões e Redes Externas....................................................................... 30 2.1.4 Formar e Comunicar ................................................................................ 30 2.1.5 Públicos e Literacia .................................................................................. 30 2.2 O Objeto Museológico Científico-Tecnológico .......................................... 31 2.2.1 O Objeto como Instrumento de Aprendizagem ........................................ 33 2.3 Museu como Espaço Virtual ........................................................................ 34 2.3.1 O Museu / Exposição Virtual .................................................................... 35 2.3.2 Real versus Virtual ................................................................................... 36 2.3.3 Impacto dos Objetos Virtuais ................................................................... 37 2.3.4 Níveis de Representação Virtual em Museus .......................................... 38 2.4 Jogos 3D e o Património Cultural ............................................................... 38 2.5 A Tecnologia 3D Interativa........................................................................... 39 2.6 Considerações Finais................................................................................... 43 3 Análise do Estado da Arte........................................................................45 3.1 Sistemas de Representação 3D .................................................................. 45 3.1.1 Software para Modelação de Objetos 3D ................................................ 45 3.1.2 Compatibilidade entre Aplicações de Modelação .................................... 46 3.2 Sistemas Tridimensionais Interativos – Motores de Jogo ....................... 47 3.2.1 Análise Comparativa de Motores Gráficos ou de Jogo ............................ 47 3.3 Implementações de Soluções Virtuais para Património Cultural e Científico.............................................................................................................. 58 3.3.1 Laboratório de Paleobiologia da Universidade de Davis.......................... 58 3.3.2 Science Museum...................................................................................... 59 3.3.3 Musee de Arts et Metiers ......................................................................... 61 3.3.4 Kinematic Models for Design Digital Library............................................. 62 3.4 Investigações Relevantes ...........................................................................
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