The (Diptera) of the Canary Islands

VERNER MICHELSEN and MARCOS BAEZ"

Michelsen. V. & Briez. M.: The Anthomyiidae (Diptera Ent. scand. lh:777-304. Copcnhqcn. Dcnninrk IS Dcccinhcr 19S5, ISSS 0013-S71 1

The Anthomyiidae (root-maggot ) of the Canaries are revised. Altogether 24 in 9 Eilt. SCdI3d. genera are recorded. Four species are described as new. viz. Pegoriijri cnrrcrrierisis. Anthoniyin corzfiisrrrieri, Leircophorn ccirinrietisis and L. sirbsporisri. In addition, Pegornja Icireropirrictnto sp. n. is described from Madeira. Pegomjn sirnediimxi Hering (type locality: France) is syno- nyrnized with P. sirneclae Hering (syn. n.). Deliri cilitrirsis Hennig is regarded a distinct species, not a subspecies of D.plotrrrri (Meigen). A key to males and females is provided. Local distribution of the species. both ecological and geographical. is considered. and the anthomyiid fauna of the other Macaronesian archipelagos is reviewed. The origin of the Canarian anthomyiid fauna is discussed. The species al1 seem to be descen- ded from the fauna of the Mediterranean subregion and can be regarded either as (1) introdu- ced. (2)indigenous. or (3) endernic to the Canaries. Apparentlyendemic Canarian species are Pegoriiyci cnnnrierisis sp. n., P. vitrithornx (Stein). Hjlernjn lotevitrorrr Stein, Lerrcophorri cnnn- rierisis sp. n.. Delin carinrierrsis Hennig and D. cilirnrsis Hennig.

V. Michelsen. Department of Entoniology, Zoological Museuin. Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen 0. Denmark. M. Báez. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias.

The Canarian archipelago consists of seven vulca- community (the laurisilva; now largely destroyed nic main islands sitiiated 90-380 km off the coast by man) indicate that a stabfe environment has of southern Morocco. The climate is warm-tem- persisted there since the Tertiary. The laurisilva perate, and as a result of the strong oceanic influ- represents a now virtually extinct wet Mediterra- ence has mean temperatures inuch below those on nean climax flora which occupied the Tethyan the adjacent African continent. The warmest and region 40-15 million years ago. driest climate is found on Lanzarote and Fuerte- The Anthomyiidae largely occupy colder clima- ventura, closest to the continent; rainfall is here tic zones. Thus we did not expect to find Tertiary about 140 mm/year but increases westwards to relict species during the present study, because SS5 mm/year on the most remote island, La Pal- any intrusion of species on the Canaries would be ma. iinlikely prior to the end of the Tertiary epoch, The Canaries were built up by lava shields when a colder and drier climate led to the devel- during the Miocene-Pliocene. Finds of leaf opment of the modern Mediterranean biota on impressions and dolomitized trees on Gran Cana- t he adj acen t con t in e n t s. ria date back to the Lower Pliocene, and very likely the archipelago was extensively colonized Systematic treatment by plants and in the Miocene. A remark- able richness of endemic species in the present Generic concepts employed in the following devi- biota of the Canaries in conibination with the ate from those of Hennig (1966-1976) as follows: relict occurrence of an evergreen laurel forest Anrliorii)ict Meigcn (syns: Craspedocliocta Mac- ENT. SCAKD. VOL. 16 (1985) c1 uart . C/icli.sirr Ronda ni ) : Rotririop/zilri Lioy (s! ti : 650 specimens niade by M. Báez in 1973-83. Pego íi y le)1 i y iri Sch n abl ) : A di rr Rob i n e au -Des\’ o- Supplc r-ne n t ary nia t e ri 211 i n t he B r iti ch M use u m id! (s!~i: citicrella group of Prireglc Schnabl). (Satura1 History). London (BMNH): Muséum ’ . The first record of Anthomyiidae from the Xational d‘Histoire Naturelle. Paris (MNHN): Canaries dates back to Macquart (1S39). He listed hluse iim für h’a t ii rk ii n de der H u m bol d t - U n i ve r- four species. three of ivhich can toda! be recogni- sitiit. Berlin (MNHU): and the Zoologicnl Muse- ze d as A IIdi orri),icr q i r it I q 11 cmfrci r lrrtri hl acq u a rt . iim. Uni\wsity of Copenhagen (ZMUC) has also H~~letu!ulciicr~irrrrtti Stein and Dclici cilitrirsis Hen- hceri inspected. Other relevant material from the nig. Bigot (1891) xitlcd Atiiri citicrrllri (Fullén). Meditcrranean íirt‘;i has been borrmvcd from the The more important contributions of the present Department of Zoologr.TcI Av¡\, University centur!’ are those by Stein (1908). Hering (1917). (DZTU). Frey (1937). Hennig (1966-1976) and Bácz (197% If not stated otherwise. thc material cxamined 19X1). A posthumous \vork by the first entomolo- kvas collected by h.1. Báez. and is deposited in coll. gist of the Canaries. Elías Santos Abréu (1856- Ráez. La Laguna. Tenerife. with somc duplicates 1937). \irhich deals with the present families Fan- in ZPYIUC. niidac. Anthomyiidae and . was publish- ed in 1976. This work is seriously outdated and shoiild preferably never have bcen publishcd. 1, Pegomya canariensis Michelsen, sp. n. Santos Abréu’s collection is presently the pro- Figs. 1-5. perty o€the late Mr E. Santos Pinto’s family, La Palma. The collection was examined by M. Báez Tvpe ttiorerinl. Hoiotype d, CANARY ISLANDS: some years ago and found partly destroyed by HIERRO: Frontera. 1 .ii. 1978. M. Báez (coll. Báez).- Paratypts: TENERIFE: Bco. San Andrés, 1 d pests. 16.i.1077. M. Báez. Icod, 2d l2.iv.1976. M. Báez. In The present study showed that the following coll. Báez and ZMUC. species of Anthomyiidae, which from time have been recorded from the Canaries, are based upon Dingriosis. d. Black, sparsely dusted with grey and dark brown: antenna, palpus and legs fuscous brown to black; misidentifieations and should be deletcd from the prernentum polished black. Prealar shorter than p

Canarian list: notopleural. Vein C setulose in 1.8 face. bare on d face. Hind tibia with 2pJ bristles. Tergite VI bnre. PegoriiJx Ii~mcjaini(Panzer. 1809) Anrhorriyia irtibrida (Rondani, 1866) A. lirirrntn (Robineau-Desvoidy. 1830) (sjn: pulluln Zetterstedt) Descriptiorz A. pliirYnlis (Linnaeus, 1758) MALE. Black, thinly diisted with grey and dark A. procellnris (Rondani, 1866) HJhiyatwrinrci (Fallén. 1823) brown. Antenna blaek; palpus black with fuscous Fitcellia firconitii (Fallén. 18 19) brown basa1 part; prementum virtually without Botnnopkili fugnx (Meigen. 1826) dust, shiny black. Thorax and abdomen with dis- Egle cilintn (U’alker. 1549) (syn: tmscnrin auct.. nec tinct sheen. Mesonotum in dorsal view rather uni- Fa b r i c i u s ) Lriicoplior-ri spotisn (Meigen. 1826) fornily brownish black, in hind view appearing Ddia albirln (Fallén. 1823) lighter brown with traces of darker stripes. Wing D. florilegn (Zetterstedt. 1845) tinged with dark brown, calyptrae more faintly tinged with brown; haltere yellow. Legs black. We have not been able to check the records of Abdomen dorsally dusted as mesonotum. in hind “Antlzoniyia rnirscnricr” (Macquart 1830: 1 17, view with narrow median black stripe. .‘Canaries“) and “Egle rriirscriria” (Santos Abréu Face short, in profile lying far behind frontal 1976: 38. La Palma. Tenerife), but it is iinlikely angle: parafacial downwards inflexed. about 0.7~ that a species of Egle Desvoidy is involved. Santos as wide as flagellomere; gena in profile short, Abréu (1976: 49) further recorded Aizrlzornyia brond. rounded at lower margin. Upper part of rizoriilis (Meigen, 1826) (as “Chelisiri nionilis frons about 1.5X width of n ocellus: interfrons at Rond.“). but this is rnerely an error for Fcrrrnin narrowest point of frons 2-3X as wide as each rrioriilis (Haliday. 1S3S) [Fanniidx]. par afronta 1 : f ron 5 con s i de ra bl y w i de n e d dow n - The follou.ing revision of Canarian Anthomyi- \\urd\. About 6 pairs of frontals. Flagellomere idne is prirnarily based upon a collection of some about 1.7~as long as broad, rounded at apex; ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985) Anthomyiidae of the Canary Isiands 279

Figs. 1-5. Pcgo/~?~ctcrriicrricwsis ,p.".: pnriit>.ped. Teiierifc; terniirialia. - 1. Sternite V. -3.-3. Epaiidriai coinples. profile and hinci vieivs. -1. Gonocosital iobe (right) and goriostyliis. - 5. Phitllus. - Scale: 0.34 min. 280 Midielsen, V. & Baez. JJ. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1905) arista1 hairing extremely short. Proboscis short: Pto. de la Croz. 19 19.ii-S.iii.1975. A.E. Stubhs palpus longer than prementurn. (BMNH). - FUERTEVENTURA: Cunibrcs Jandia. Id 15.ii.1977. LaAsomada.33 39 2i.ii.lYSO. Laoliva. Mesonotum sparsely haired. without hairs 23 1 ? 13.ii.1977. Pto. de la Peña. 1 d 2O.ii. 19SO. Valle- between dorsocentral ro\vs. Acrostichals not brón. lld 12P 21.ii.1980. Vega de Rio Palmas. id close-set. in three pairs before suture. middle pair 26.ii.l9SO. Villaverde. 1 S 21 .ii. 19SO. Tcsjiiate. 1 c enlarged. Lateral posthumsral strong: prealar 2?.ii.l9SO.-LANZAROTE: Haría. 13 10 2O.ii.l979. hláguez. 19 21.ii.197'9. Mala. Id 21.ii.1979. shorter than p notopleural. Proepimerals 2-3. Vein C setulose throughout on 1' face. bare on d face. Distribiitiori arid biorioriiics Mid femur without 01~. \vith pi. on basal half: Widely distributed in the Palearctic repioii. mid tibia kvith 1 cid, 1 pd. 1-9 p. Hind femur with P. ciiriicrilaria and some nearly related species complete row of av and withpi*onbasal half only; are serious leaf-mining pests on spinach and beet hind tibia with 1 av, 2-3 ad. 3 pd. crops, but they also attack weeds (Chcriopodirini. Abdomen rather short and broad, flattened, Arriplex). Hering ( 1927) recorded P. ciiriiciilarin moderately thickened behind. Tergites 111-V from Fuerteventura as a larval miner on Atriples with marginals, but without discals: tergite VI glauca, Atriplex sp. and Betu prociinzberis. bare. Terminalia (Figs. 1-5) very distinctive. FEMALE. Unknown. SIZE. Wing length 4.1-4.8 mm. Systematic reninrks Two structurally identical but differently colour- Distributiori ed forms of P. cirriicularia occur on the Canaries. A light form (same as in the Mediterranean subre- Apparently an endemic Canarian species, known gion) is found on the eastern islands (Fuerteven- so far from the western islands of Hierro and tura, Lanzarote): mid and hind femur and most of Tenerife. abdomen light orange-brown in ground colour; mesonotum and abdomen pale brownish grey Systern a tic remarks dusted with faint darker striping. The dark form (same as in C and NW Europe) is found in the P. cariarierisis is seemingly most closely related to western region of the Canaries: al1 fernora and P. provecta (Villeneuve, 1923), a European spe- abdomen predominantly black in ground colour; cies (Q9 and larval biology unknown) solely dusting darker grey and striping on mesonotum recorded from France, West Germany and Eng- and abdomen stronger. It remains to be demon- land (see Hennig 1973), but we have also seen strated whether these colour forms are determi- material from Czechoslovakia and Denmark. ned by climatic differences, or whether they Also the European P. meridiana (Villeneuve , represent regional variants. In the latter case it 1923) may be fairly close; as a larva it attacks flo- seems likely that the dark form was introduced to wers of Hypericrim S~Q.P. nzeridiaria has a very the islands quite recently. peculiar, laterally compressed ovipositor; thus it Michelsen (1980a) showed that the Canarian would be of considerable interest to find out if this taxon P. tristriata Stein belongs to the dark form organ is similarly modified in the other two spe- of P. ciinicriluria. cies. 3. Pegomya suaedae Hering, 1927 2. Pegomya cunicularia (Rondani, 1866) Figs. 6-15. Pegomyia rrisrriafa Stein. 1908: 106 (Tenerife); Hering 1927:411 (Fuerteventura); Santos Ahréu 1976: 43 Pegoriiyia sitaedae Hering, 1927: 412 (Fuerteventura). (Tenerife). Pegornyia sitnediimz Hering. 1911: 43 (France). SYN. [Pegoriiyn hj~oscyiirrii(Panzer): Hennig 1973: 577. Misi- N. dent.] Pagornyii sitaedii~~riiHering; Hennig 1973: 613. Pegorriyi7 cirriicitkiriii (Rondani): \lichelseii 19SOa: 302. Pegorii?,asitnrrlorHering: Hennig 1973: 611; Biíez 1979: 556, 19x7: 260 (Fuerteventura). Mrirericil ~.viitti/i~~/.HIERRO: Ejheclo. 1 d 29.i. 197s. /ifmcrd c,.tiirriiiicd. FUE RTEVENTU RA : Morro La Pena. 18 27.v.1976. - GOMERA: Tecina. 1 O Jable. 10 15.ii. 1977. Playa Blanca. 1 d 11.ii 1977. Tara- 28.iii. 1978. - TENERIFE: El Socorro. 1 d 1 .xii. 1973. lejo. 1 0 i4.ii. 1977: 1 P 19.ii. 1977. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985) Anthomyiidae of the Canary lslands 281

Figs. ó-10. Pegornya sitnedae Hering: d, Fuerteventura; terrninalia. - 6. Sternite V. - 7. 8. Epandrial cornplex. profile and hind views. - 9. Gonocosital lobe (right) and gonostylus. - 10. Phallus. - Scale: 0.34 rnrn.

Distribution and bionomics Systernatic rernarks Known from France (see below). Spain, Tunisia, Hering (1927) described P. sirrredae from Id: and Fuerteventura Island. Fuerteventura, Pto. de Cabras, emerged 29.iii. Known as a larval leaf-miner on Siraedn frirti- 1926 from a larva in leaf-mine on Siineda frirtico- cosa and Beta i,rtkgoris. Thus P. siraedae may pri- so. He stated the holotype d to have al1 the marily be a species associated nith coastal habi- femora yellow, whilst Hennig (1 973) described tats. but it is not known if the specics is alao of any both scxes from Tunisia as having mid and hind importance as a pest on beet crops. feniur largely dark. Our material of 8 6 from 383 Michei~eti.V. CC Rrrez, Al. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985)

13

......

15

Figs. 11-15. Pegrm>~tr.srrrrc~í

Fuerteventura has darkened feniora like d d seen niainly brownish black (Mcditerraneaii). from Spairi. Thereforc. the differericc described Hering ( 1944) cicscribed P. siitrctlii~r~froni by Hering rnust he due to the tencrnl conditioii of I C : Frnrice. Loirc-lnf.. La Bnulc. enierged the holot!,pc. Honwer. a real geographical diffcr- 9.k.1943. H. Buhr (MNHU: exnrniried). Hennig ence in colour of thc feniora isapparcnt in 9 'i : 1111 (1973) S:IU' thic holot!.pt. and stnted that it differs yellow ( Fuerteventura). or mid mcl hind feniur froni P. sirrrccitrr P by having ycllo~.dnrk -tipped . 1

Eh'T. SCAND. VOL. Ih (1985) Anthomyiidae of the Canary Islands 283

l I I

Figs. 16-20, Pqom!~\Yirirhoro.u (Stein): d. Fuerteventura: terrninaiia. - 16. Sternite V. - 17. 18. Epandrial corn- pies, profiie and hind kiews. - 19. Gonocositai iobe (right) and gonostyius. - 20. Phallus. - Scale: 0.34 mrn.

femora. A reexamination of the holotype rcveai- infraspecific variation (cf. Figs. 6-10 Rr 11-13). ed. however. that al1 the femora are actually black P. siinedae is most closely related to the Madei- Lvith ycllowish tips. The terminalia (Figs. 13. 15) ran endemic species P. fnferopirnctafnsp. n. (see agree with thosc of a pale-iegged E froni Fuerte- belon,). These two species probably form the sis- ven t ii r a t h ;1 t \ve esa rn i n e d. ter-group of the spinach and beet ieaf-mining P. Thc 6 terminalia sho\\ some (geographical'?) Izyoscyomi group (sec Michelsen 19SOa). which is .

284 Michelsen, V. R. Baez. M. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (19SS)

\ Figs. 21. 22. Pegomya vittithorax (Stein); 9,Fuerteventura: terminalia. - 21. Segnients VI-VII. left lateral view. - 22. Sternite VIII. - Scale: 0.34 mm.

represented on the Canaries by two species, viz. with dark brown. Legs black. slightly brownish at P. cuniciilaria and P. vittithorax. knees. Head broader and eyes larger; in consequence gena in profiie narrower, less than one-quarter 4. Pegomya vittithorax (Stein, 1908) eye-height. parafacial only about one-third width flagellomere, and upperfrons narrower, only 1.1- Figs. 16-22. 1.Sx diameter of a ocellus and with subconti- Chorfophiln vittirhorax Stein, 1908: 108 (Tenerife). guous parafrontalia. Pegomya viftirhorax (Stein); Hennig 1973: 674. Mesonotum with ground-hairing longer but finer, and sparser between dorsocentral rows and Marerial examined. GOMERA: Hermigua, 2d 9.iv. 1974. - FUERTEVENTURA: Bentancuria, 18 on disc of scutellum. 12.ii.1977. Cumbres Jandia, 26 1O 15.ii.1977. Valle- Hind tibia usually with only 2 av and longestpd brón, 18 19 5.iii.1984, G. Ortega (coll. Báez). Vega de not as long as hind tarsomere 1. Rio Palmas, Id 24 6.iii.1981. G. Ortega (coll. Báez). Abdomen shorter, with terminalia (Figs. 16- 20) proportionally smaller: epandrium not pro- jecting behind sternite VIII. Surstyli (asymmetri- Redescriprion cal) and cerca1 plate slightly different. FEMALE. With striking colour pattern as in Only the holotype O from Tenerife, Sta.Cruz, 8, was hitherto known of this species. The material but dusted with paler whitish grey; dark stripes on of both sexes now available reveals that P. vitti- mesonotum slightly narrower with median one thorax belongs to the P. hyoscyami group (see turning brown on scutellum and lateral ones not Michelsen 1980a) and is possibly the sister-species extending to wing base; abdomen with narrower of P. betae (Curtis, 1847) (see below). P. i?ttitho- and more greyish stripe. Head orange-red in rax differs from P. betae as follows: ground colour on interfrons, parafacial and gena. Wing tinged with paler brown. calyptrae whitish. MALE. Very differently coloured: Black, dusted Differs striicturally from P. betae P as follows: kvith light greyish: mesonotum with three broad. head broader and eyes larger; thus gena in profile contrasting brownish black stripes (median stripe only about one-quarter of eye-height and parafa- reaching onto disc of scutellum, lateral ones cial narrower than flagellomere. Hausteilum extending downward to base of wing); abdomen soinewhat thickened. Scutellurn with discal hairs Lvith broad brownish black stripe surrounded by fewer. Terrninalia (Fiss. 21. 23): tergite VI more diffuse light brown dusting and interrupted poste- rcduced. bare: tergite VI1 u.ith 1 + 1 hristle oniy: riorly on tergite 11. Antenna black. or fuscouí sternite VI1 not markediy convex: sclcrites of brown on scape and pedicel; palp~icblack. turning stcrriite VIII snialier. brown towards base. Wing and calyptrae tinged SIZE. Wing Ienzth 4.7-5.3 rnrn. EKT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (19S5) Anthoniyiidae of the Canary Islands 285

Distribiition arid biononrics .Mdteriril exrittiined. HIERRO: La Restinga, 36 4? 18.v.1976. - GOMERA: Hermigua. 1 ? 9.k. 1974. - Apparently endemic for the Canaries but here TENERIFE: El Medano. 1 d 19.ii-5.iii. 1975. A.E. occurring in both the eastern (Fuerteventura) and Stubbs (BMKH). Playa de San marcos. 33 28.iii.1974. Pto. de la Cruz. 13 4? 19.ii-5.iii.1975, A.E. Stiibbs western (Gomera, Tenerife) region. (BMNH); Z? 21-26.iv.1979. C.E. Dyte (BMNH). - Larval habits unknown. However. this is cer- FUERTEVENTURA: Villaverde. 1 ? 18.iii. 1980. tainly a leaf-mining species. and most likely on species of Chenopodiaceae. Distribiitioti

Systemntic remnrks A very common. nearly cosmopolitan inhabitant of seashores. One apomorphic trait of the P terminalia. viz. the reduction of tergite VI to small lateral sclerite pie- ces (Fig. 21). suggests that P. berae (a serious pest 7. Anthomyia confusanea Michelsen, sp. n. on spinach and beet in many places of Europe) and P. vitrithoras are sister-species. Thus it is sur- Figs. 23-27. prising that P. idtirhorax, apart from its colour [Hylernyia pirllirlri (Zetterstedt); Stein 1908: 106 (Tene- pattern and Q terminalia. appears structurally rife). Misident.] more plesiomorphic than the widely distributed [Chorropliila longirla (Falléri); Santos Abréu 1976: 36 (La Palma, Gomera). Misident.] P. betae. It could be that P. vittithorns has just [Craspedocliaeta pullirlo (Zetterstedt); Báez 1979: 556. been overlooked in the Mediterranean area. Misident.] [Craspedochoeta pullirla (Zetterstedt); Báez 1982: 259 (Fuerteventura). Misident .] 5. Fucellia maritima (Haliday, 1838) Type material. Holotype 6, SPAIN: CUENCA Fucellia niaritinia (Haliday); Frey 1937: 129 p.p (Gran PROV., Cuenca, 1000 m, 1-2.vii.1984, V. Michelsen Canaria: teste Tiensuu 19-29: 42); Báez 1979: 556p.p.. (ZMUC). - Paratype P. same data as for holotype (Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote). (ZMUC). [Fircellia f~rcorirm(Fallén); ?Santos Abréu 1976: 46 (La Palma. Gomera). Misident.] Marerial examined. FUERTEVENTURA: Betancuria, 16 12.ii.1977; 16 20.ii.1980. La Asomada, 16 Material examiried. TENERIFE: La Tejita. 1 o” 1 ? 21.ii.1980. Vega de Rio Palmas. 1d 19 12.ii.1977; 36 25.i.1976. Las Galletas. Id 16.iii.1974. Los Gigantes, 2? 20.ii.1900. Villaverde. 26 21.ii.1980. Tefía, 18 26 29 13.vi.1976. Pto. de la Cruz, Id 19.ii-j.iii.1975, 16.ii.1977. Tindaya. 2d l? 16.ii.1977. Vallebrón, 19 A.E. Stubbs (BMNH). - FUERTEVENTURA: Cor- 21.ii.1980. -LANZAROTE: Haría, 66 39 20.ii.1979. ralejo. Id 7.v.1974. Coti, 19 7.v.1965, K.M. Guichard Los Valles, 36 39 20.ii.1979. Mágues, 16 21.ii.1979. (BMNH). Playa Blanca, 19 1 l.ii.1977. Pto. del Rosn- Nazaret, i? 23.ii.1979. rio. I ? 6.v.1974. - LANZAROTE: El Golfo. 33 39 4.k. 1976. Janubio. 1 d 4.k. 1976. Diagnosis. Dusted with greyish; wing infuscate around cross-veins. Hind tibia with apical pv bristle. Prealar subequal or shorter thanp notopleural. Mid tibia with 1 Distribiitiori arid bioriomics ad which in 3 does not exceed half length of rnid tarso- mere 1; O with mid and hind tibia more or less extensi- Found along the coasts of W Europe and NW vely yellow in middle. Africa. This and the following species of Fircellin are inhabitants of the seashore. The larvae live in and D escription seemingly feed on decaying seaweed. Very similar to the European A. lititrntn (Robi- neau-Desvoidy) (syn: pirlliiln Zetterstedt) but dif- 6. Fucellia tergina (Zetterstedt, 18-45) fcrinz as follows:

[ Filcc,//i[r iiiuriíiiiio (Hiilida>.):Frey 19;7: 12Y p.p. (La MALE. Prcalar weaker. as a riile shorter than p Palma. Gomera. Tenerife. Gran Cariarin: teste Tien- notopleural. Mid tibia with 1 nd only not exceed- siiii 1949: 42): Santos AhrCu 1976: 45: Bácz 197Y: 556 ing half Icngth of mid tarsonicre 1. Tcrminalio p.p.. 19S2: 26Op.p. (Hierro. Gomera.Terii.rife. Fuer- a\ in Figs. 23-27 (cf. A. Iitiimtu, Figa. 28-33). trwii t u rii ) . hl isicicri t,1 Fircdiirr inrciriiicdirr L ti ndheck : Tie nwii 1 9-49: -17. Lobcs of sternitc V non-converging: median pro- Firccdlitr tcrgiiio (Zettcrstcdt): Hcnnip 1966: 21. ccss of stcrnite VI (phallic stabilizer‘?) unpaired: ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985)

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Figs. 23-27. A/ifliomjinco)rfirsirrirrr sp.n.: d. Dcnmzirk: terrriinnlia. -23. Sternite V. iind process ofhtcrnite VI (:ir- row). - 21. 33. Epandrial comples. profile and hind views. - 26. Gonocositnl iobe (right) iind ponostylus. - 27. Phallus. - Scale: 0.34 mm. ENT. SCAKD. VOL. 16 (19S5) Anthomyiidae of the Cariary Islancl, 287

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\

31

Figs. 28--X. Aurhotti~Yn/irworo (Desyoid?): d. Dcnrnark: tcrininnliit. - 28. Sternite V. and process of stcrnite Vi (arrow). -29.30. Epandriai cornples. profile and hind \kvs. -31. Gonocosital lobe (right) and gonostylus. -37. Phallus. - Scalr: 0.34 min. 288 Michelsen, V. R. Baez, iM. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985) epandrium less deep: rnembranized area betiveen [Aiit/ioiizyiri plirrialir var. procellriris Rondani: Santos surstylus and cercal plate narrower; cercal plate Abréu 1976: 42 (La Palma). Misident.; [Aiirliomyirr procellis [sic] Rondani: Báez 1979: 556. more gradually tapering and extensively pubes- Misident.] cent. only dista1 to rniddle convex in profile view; [Atirhoniyirr procellaris Rondani: Báez 1982: 259 p.p. gonocoxal lobe and gonostyle of different shape; (La Palma. Gomera. Tenerife. Gran Canaria). Misi- and distiphallus less strongly arched backward dent.] apically. Rettirrrks. The above records of "plirvialis Linnaeus" FEMALE. Mid and hind tibia orange-yellow with from the Canaries maq' in part refer to the nest species. dark apical part and extreme basa1 part. Prealar at Atir/iotii~'inteiiipesratiitii Wiedemann. rnost as long as p notopleural. Mid tibia with 1 ad Materirrl e.rrrniitied. LA PALMA: Bco. del Río, 19 only: hind femur normally without any pv in 1 .~iii.1974.- GOMERA: A~u~o,2d 1 P 10.~iii.1974. middle. El Cedro, 1000 rn, id 25.vii.1981. Olsen. Stadel 8i Stolze (ZMUC). Garajonay. 1 d 3.viii. 1977. Herrnigua, 2d 9.iv.1974. Laguna Grande. l? 9.ix.1977. Llanos de Disrriburion and bionomics Crispín. 1 P 13.viii.1977. Los Infantes, 1 9 21.viii.1977. Vallehermoso. id 19.ix. 1977. - TENERIFE: Baja- One of us (V.M.) has long been aware that "pitl- mar. 16 1P 3.ii.1980; Id 18.xii.1973. Bco. San Andrés, lula Zetterstedt" of European authors, e.g. Hen- 3d 1P 16.i.1977. Bco. Santos, 16 2.iii.1963. J.M. Fer- nández (coll. Báez). Las Canadas. Id 5.vi.1980. Las nig (1966: 44), is indeed two distinct species. True Mercedes, 1P 3.vii.1974; l? 14.iii.1984; 1 P 29.vi.1973. "pullula", which should be known by the senior Masca, 19 21.xi.1975. Mte. Los Silos, Id 17.vi.1976; name Anrhomyia liturara (Robineau-Desvoidy) , 16 S.iv.1984. - GRAN CANARIA: Bandama, 19 is a comrnon species throughout C and N Europe 13.ix.1976. Brezal de Moya, 6d 1 9 lO.iii.1977. Tejeda, 1 16.i~.1976. but extends into the Mediterranean subregion at P higher altitudes. The other species, A. confusanea sp. n., is the more cornmon species in S Europe; Disrribution eastwards it reaches Kashmir and northwards the southern provinces of Fennoscandia (along the The present species was originally described from Norwegian west coast further north to Troms). the Canaries but soon sunk as a synonym of A. Incidentally, Schnabl (191 1: 83) recorded both plirvialis. However, Michelsen (1980b) resurrected species frorn Corsica, viz. A. ConfusaneLi as "Pe- quinquemaculata as a valid species which actually gompia (Anthomyia) pullitla (Zetterstedt)", and is widely distributed in the southern parts of the A. liturata as "P. (A.)kitnrzei sp. n." (cf. Schnabl Palearctic region and even in Africa. & Dziedzicki 1911: figs. 295,296,802 & 293,294, 801). As far as is known, the larvae of Anrhomyia Sysrematic remarks species live as saprophages or scavengers in A. quinquemncuinta is a regionally variable spe- decaying substrates. Several species have been cies but the Canarian material agrees well with the reared from birds' and mammals' nests. Mediterranean form except that both sexes lack the usual ad bristle on the mid tibia. 8. Anthomyia quinquemaculata Macquart, 1839 9. Anthomyia tempestatum Wiedemann, Anrhotiiyia qiiitiqueniacirlarrr Macquart. 1839: 116 (Ca- 1 830 naries); Michelsen 1980b: 287. [Atiihomyia plirvidis (Linnaeus); Stein 1907: 728. 1908: (Atithoniyici plirvialis (Linnaeus); Kirchberg 1967: 333 108 (La Palma, Tenerife); Frey 1937: 129 (La Palma. p.p. (Tenerife: teste Hennig 1968: 213). Misident.] Tenerife. Gran Canaria); Kirchberg 1967: 333 (La Atithoitiyin tenzpesfirttrtir Wiedernann; Hennig 1968: Palma, Hierro, Gomera. Tenerife): Hennig 1968: 213 213; Báez 1979: 556, 1982: 259 (Tenerife). (Gomera): Santos Abréu 1976: 41 (L,a Palma. Go- [AiitliotiiJYa procellaris Rondani: Blíez 1981: 259 p.p. mera. Tenerife). 42. 171 fig. 6 [var. froiitntn Santos (La Palma. Gomera, Tenerife. Gran Canaria. Fuer- Abréii (iinavailable nanie)] (La Palma). 43 [var. V- teventiira). Misident.] iiigrrrtii Santos Abréu (iinavailable name)] (Tenerife). Mis i deii t. ] Xeitiork.s. Cnnarian records of *.pliri,itili.s Linnaeus", as [AiithottiJ,itz yliiiYdis var. itithridtr Rondani; Santos cited iinder the precedirig species. niaq' in part refer to Abréii 1976: 41 (La Palma). Misident.] the present species. EN?'. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985) Anthoinyiidae of the Canary Islands 289

Morerirrl e.v~iviimcl. LA PALMA: Bco. del Rio. 1 Q 11. Hylemya latevittata Stein, 190s l1.vii.1973. -HIERRO:Hoya del Juez. 19 27.v.1976. La Lajura. 26 7S.v.lY76. El Pinar. Id 3O.i.1978. - [ HjleriiJicr rrrsticcr Robineau-Desvoidy ; Macqiiart 1839: GOMERA: El Cedro. 1000 m. 19 25.vii.1984. Olsen. 116. Misident.] Skiile ¿k Stadel (ZMUC). igualero. 39 2O.viii.1977. El HyleriiJiri Irrrei~irrotaStein. 1908: 105 (Tenerife); Frey Paso. 39 1ó.viii. 1977. -TENERIFE: Las Cañadas. 63 1937: 129 (Gomera. Tenerife. Gran Canaria). 5.vi.1980. Chio to Tamaimo. 1 E 19.ii-5.iii.1975. A.E. HyleiiiJia íHyleriiy[i]ri) Icite\ittutn Stein; Santos Abréu Stiihbs (BMNH). Las Lagunetas. 1 d 12.v. 1973. Mira- 1976: 20. 171 fig. 2. 22 [var. tiigromacitlrrtrr Santos dor de D. Martin. l? 19.ii-5.iii.1975. A.E. Stubbs Abriu (unavailable name)] (La Palma. Tenerife). (BhlNH). Mte. Los Silos. 1 d 17.vi. 1976. - GRAN [Hyler>i~icr(H\.leniyicr) i,crricrta (Fallén): Santos Abréu CANARIA: Guayadeqiie. 1 d 29 28.xii. 1980. Tejeda. 1976: 19 (La Palma. Tenerife). Misident.] 39 Ih.ix. 1976. - FUERTEVEXTURA: Betancuria. Hyletiiya Intei*ittntciStein: Hennig 1969: 24-3 (La Palma, 1 d Il.ii. 1977. Tindaya. 1 9 16.ii. 1977. Hierro. Gomera. Tenerife); Báez 1979: 556. 1982: 260 (La Palma. Gomera. Tenerife. Gran Canaria).

Reninrks. Macquart's record of riisticu from the Cana- Distribiition ries was based on 26 (in MNHN) belonging to H. Intevit- Known from Spain and Morocco, and in a diffe- tata. rently coloured form from many places in the Afrotropical region. The Canarian material hlnterial exmiirled. LA PALMA: Barlovento, 16 19.v. 1983. Bco. del Rio. 1 9 1.vi¡¡. 1974. Fuencaliente, belongs to the Mediterranean colour-forrn with Id 27.i.1973. La Galga. 19 17.v.1983. Los Tilos, 26 nonconfluent black markings on the mesonotum. 109 28.vii.1973; 39 12.x.1973; 38 59 17.v.1983. - GOMERA: Agua de los Llanos, 19 15.ix. 1977. Bco. de Majona. 16 7.iv.1974. Chorros de Epina, 78 10. Anthomyia xanthopus (Hennig, 1974) 12.iv.1975. Cuadernas. 1 9 16.viii.1977. El Cedro, 16 19 17.k1977; 1 9 10.vii. 1974; 29 22.viii. 1977; 1000 m, Craspedochoetci xnrithopirs Hennig, 1974: 928 (Go- 19 25.vii.1984, Olsen, Skule & Stadel (ZMUC). Los mera). Gallos 26 19 14.ix.1977. Las Mesetas, 19 13.viii.1977. Crnspedochaeta .ranthopiis Hennig; Báez 1979: 556, Meriga. 16 29 lO.viii.1974; 2P 15.viii.1977. Mora de 1952: 259 (Fuerteventura). Gaspar. 26 2.viii.1977. -TENERIFE: Anaga, 16 1Q 25.v.1974. Bailadero, 26 13.vii.1984; 16 23.iii.1964, Mcirrrial exnniiried. FUERTEVENTURA: Isla de J.M. Fernández (coll. Báez); 1 d 6.iii.1981. Bajamar, Lobos. 1d 11 .v. 1974. Joró. 1 9 19.ii.1980. La Oliva. 1 9 1 9 3.ii.1980. Bco. del Infierno. Id 3O.iii.1974. Bco. de 13.ii.1977. Playa Blanca. 19 ll.ii.1977. Pto. Guadalu- Ijuana. 3d 26.vi.19S4. Bco. de Ruiz, 16 6.iv.1975. Bco. pe. 1 9 9.v.1974. San Andrés. 26 16.i.1977. Bco. Tahodio, 19 11.ix.1973. El Batán, 4d 1 9 13.iii.1981. El Cantillo, 19 28.i.1971. El hloqiiinal, 1 9 17.v.1981. Las Mercedes, id 19, R. Stori (ZMUC); 5d 2S.xi.1973; 2P Disrributiori 30.ix.1973: 1 9 16.ix.1973; 29 23.vi.1984; 126 29 19.ii- 5.iii.1975, A.E. Stubbs (BMNH). Los Rodeos, 29 Hitherto only recorded from the Canaries. How- 3O.iii.19OS. Mte. Aguirre. 26 19 14.ix.1973; 16 ever, we also know the species from ISRAEL: 2l.vi.1976: 4d 69 26.viii.1979; 26 14.iii.1984. Mte. del Kalia [Kallia], 18 6.ii.1978, A. Freidberg; 18 Agua, 13 1 E 21.viii.1973. Mte. de Pedro Alvarez. 126 2.xii. 1982.1. Yarom. Ein Feshcha, 1 P 22.xi. 1978, 19 14.vi.1981. Mte. Los Silos, 16 5.iv.1984. Mtíia. A. Freidberg (in DZTU and ZMUC). Grande. Esperanza, 1400 m, 19 28.vii.1984, Olsen, Skule ¿k Stadel (ZMUC). -GRANCANARIA: Bco. Virgen de Moya. 400 m. 1 d 2O.vii. 1984, Olsen, Skule & Stadel (ZhIUC). Brezal de Moya. 29 lO.iii.1977. Jardín SFsteniaric rermrks Canario. Id 23.ix.1973. Tafira Alta. id lO.iii.1977. Tiles de Moya. Id 39 2-t.ix.1977. - "CANARIES": A. .ranfhopiis is a very distinctive species of 2d (MNHN). Aiirhoniyia. The Israeli specimens differ from the Canarian as follows: brown stripes on mesonotum faded or missing; bristles on mesonotum weaker. e.g. prealar shorter than p notopleural and lateral Distrihiitioti arid bionotnics posthumeral reduced; interfrontal broader, scarce- Certainly an endemic species of the wcstern ly narrower than width of CI ocellus. Cariar!, Islands. Exclusively found in the laurisilva Hennig (1974: 930) described vein C as bare on zone. or in places whcre this type of forest is now I' face. This is misleading. as in O O vein C is destro'eci by man. extensivcl! setiilose 011 1' face and in o" 8 has at Lar\ ;IC of H~lcniyaspp. live as saprophages in lenst some I* setulae dista1 to apcx of vein Sc. decayinp suhstratcs like dung and rotten fungi. ,

290 Ilticlielsetz. 1'. cP. Bncz. Al. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (19S3)

STsteninric reriitrrks The larwc are scavcnzers or saprophages in birds' nests and in the larval nests of Tlicuitiiero- H. lnrei9ittarii is certainly the apomorphic sister- poeti pirJ.ocoinpci and T. proce~sioticti (Lep.: species of H. vngntis (Panzer, 1795). ivhich is Thaumetopoeaidae). widely distributed in the Palearctic region. The Canarian species is different as follo\vs: Both sexes are darker. bluish grey dusted. and on Sy sterntitic retnark5 mesonotum \vith three ver- broad brokvnish black The dark forni is charactcrized in the d a$ follo\vs: stripes. Wing darker hrobvn tinged. Tibiae and mesonotum light gre) mith broad blachish stripes femora entircly black in d. and only ycllo\v on (median and paramedian) more or less confluent basa1 quarters of niid and hind femur in P. Abdo- just behind suture. and with an oblique blackish men even in O with broad. blackish bands at tergi- patch connecting with paramedian stripe at suture tal borders. and reaching to base of wing: scutellum brownish Structurally. H. later*ittnra differs very little black with only tiny patches of grey at lateral cor- from H. vngntis, but usual nti bristle of mid tibia ners; abdomen with blackish bands at tcrgital bor- vestigial or missing in d. Further, it varies more in ders broad. The Q is essentially the same colour. size, with a wing length of 4.S-7.4 mrn as compar- The pale form differs in the d by having para- ed with 5.6-7.8 mm in H. iwgntis. median stripes on mesonotum largely reduced to oblong patches behind the suture and well separa- 12. Lasiomma anthomyinum (Rondani, ted from median stripe and from tiny dark spot near wing base; further. the scutellum is grey with 1866) a median dark stripe, and the abdomen with dark Lasiops onrhoniyLio Rondani; Stein 1907: 726. 1908: bands narrower. The 9 is similar but with comple- 111 (Tenerife). te, very narrow paramedian stripes on mesono- Opsolasia otithornyitia (Rondani); Frep 1937: 129 (Te- tum, and a largely or entirely grey scutellum. nerife). Cliorrop/iila orirlioniyina (Rondani); Santos Abréii L. atzthomyinunz is, at least in the 6 sex, simi- 1976: 31, 33 [vars. flavifyons Santos Abréu. rii6ellipes lady dimorphic as to colour in the Mediterranean Santos Abréu (unavailable names)] (La Palma, Go- subregion, whilst d d from C and NW Europe al1 mera. Tenerife). Lasioninio orirhorn!iriiini (Rondani): Báez 1979: 556. seem to be of a very dark form with a mainly 1953: 260 (La Palma. Gornera, Tenerife). b row n i s h b 1ac k me son o t u m .

Maferiol e.romiried. This species occurs on the Canaries in two colours forms. a dark an a pale one indicated in the follo\ving itith a '.D" and a "P" respectively. -- LA 13. cinerella (Fallén, 1825) PALMA: El Paso. 1 P (D) 12.vii. 1973. - GOMERA: Chortophila cinerella (Fallén); Bigot 1891 :276 (Tene- Cañada de Jorge. Id (D) 12.viii.1977. -TENERIFE: rife); Stein 1907: 714, 1908: 107 (La Palma. Tenerife. Las Cañadas, Id (P) 23.v.1969. J.M. Fernández (coll. Gran Canaria). Báez); 19 (P) lS.vii.1974; Id (P) 13.vi.1976: id (P) Hjhwiyio cirierella (Fallen); Frep 1937: 130 (Gran Ca- S.vi. 1980. La Esperanza. 1 P (D) 24.vi. 1976. Fuente naria). Joco, 20 2P (P) 2.is.197-3. Mre. Los Silos. id (D) Hylemyio (Paregle) cirierello (Fallén); Santos Abréii 17.vi.1976. San Diego. Id (D) 3.iii.1968. J.M. Fer- 1976: 23 (Canaries. common). n6ndez (coll. Báez). Poreglr cinevello (Fallén); Hennig 1967: 163; B6ez 1979: 536. 1987: 260 (Hierro, Gornera. Tenerife. Gran Can aria . Fue r t eve n t u ra . Lanza ro te ) . Distribiirioti ~RLIbiotiotiiics Aloferial exattiitied. HIERRO: Echedo. 1 d 1 P Distributed in the central and southern parts of W 29.i. 1975. El Pinar. 1 P 27.v. 1976: 2d 30.i. 1978. El Sabi- Palearctic. Confined to the western region of the nar. 16 29.v. 1976. Frontera, 1 P 26.v. 1976; 1 P 2Y.si. 1978. Jinainar. 2? 2S.v..2976. Valverde, 1 0 Canaries. The existing colour dimorphy is appa- 27.v. 1976. - GOMERA: Alajeró. 19 11.iv. 1975. rently not determined by season as is known to be Argiiniiime. 1 O lh.viii.1977. El Cedro. 1000 ni. 1 d i? the case for certain other species of Lnsiottitm. 25.vii. 19S4. Olsen. Skiiltt S: Stndel (ZMUC). Tecina. 23>* I P 2S.iii. 1975. - TENERIFE: Bailadcro. i ? Rather it appears that the dark form is associated 4.1. IYS4. Bajaniar. Id S.si¡. 1973. BCO. Aiiavinpo. I 0 ivith thc laurisil\fa zonc Lvhilst thc pale form 9.iii.1975. El hloqiiirial, i 3 17.v.19S1. La Esperanza. occiirs at highcr altitudes in the siibnlpine zone. 1 P -3l.viii. 197.;. Las Ciiiiiid~~~.1 d I4.vi. 1979. L.n CU~S- but this nccds further investigation. tii. I ? 6.v. 1973. La Laguna. 1 P 3O.iv. 1973. Las Lngiine- EKT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985) Anthoniyiidnc of thc Cnnary Iclancis 29 1 tas. id 2P 12.v.1973. Las hlercedes. c. 500 m. 16 3Q .iíorc~itrle.rotrii/ied, FUE RTEVEKTUR A: Rc. tancuria. I4.vi.l964 K.M. Guichard (RMNH). La Vega. Id Id I..ii.l977. Il.iv.1976. hlte. Los Silos. 25 22.vi.lY84: 23 1 P 17.vi.1976. Orotava. 1 ? 1909. Graham Smith (BXIXH). Pto. de la Cruz. 26 1Y.ii-5.iii.1975. A.E. Stubbs Disrrihiitioti cirici hioriornics (BMSH). Santa Ursula. 13 l4.iv.1976; 1 d l.vii.1979. -GRANCANARIA: Pinos ds Gaiclar. 1200 m. 1 d 30 A little-known species previously only rccorded l2.vii. 1984: 1 E di .vi¡. 1984. Olsen. Skiile R: Stadel (ZMUC). - FUERTEVENTURA: Betancurin, I E from thc Tunisia (sec Hennig 1967: 115). but ~vc Il.ii.l977: 15 h.iii.1984. G.Ortega (coll. Bác'z). Corra- also know the species from Israel (in DZTU and Itjo. 33 l E 7.iii. IYM. G. Ortega (coll. Báez). La Aso- Zh4UC). macla. 13 ll.ii.1980. La Oliva. 13 Il.v.1974: 12 Larvae of Leircophorri spp. live as clcptop;ira- 7.v.1974: 63 13.ii.l977: Id 1 S.iii.l981. G. Ortega P sites in the nests of ground-living beec. (coll. B6ez). Pto. de la Peña. 1 Cj 1 E 2O.ii. 19SO. Valle- brón. Id ll.ii.I980: 5d 19 5.iii.l9S4. G. Ortega (coll. Báez). Vega de Rio Palmas. 1 P ?O.¡¡. 1980. \'¡¡laverde. Id 29 lS.ii.1980. Tetir. Id 19 13.v.1974: 2d 16. Leucophora cananensis Michelsen. sp. n. 21 .ii. 1980. - LANZAROTE: Los Fariones. 1 d lS.iv.1974. Los Valles. 1 d 2O.ii.1979. Tipe t~im~rid.Holotypc d . CANARY ISLANDS: GOMERA: Alajero. 11.iv. 1975. M. Báez (coll. Báez). - Paratyes: TEKERIFE: Güímar. Mirador de D. Distribiitiori tirid bioriornics Xlartiri. 13 I9.ii-5.iii. 1975. A.E. Stubbs (BMKH). Las Cañadas. Id l.v.1962. J.M. Fernández (coll. Báez). A conimon Holarctic species associated with pas- Teno. 1 P l0.iii. 1974 (ZMUC). -GRANCANARIA: ture land. Next to Deliaplatiira the inost common Fatapn. 1 d 9.iii. 1977. M. Báez (ZMUC). Canarian species of anthomyiid. The larvae develop in bovine droppings. Dicrgriosis. Black, bluish grey dusted, with contrasting broad brownish black stripes on mesonotum. Arista1 hairing reaching length of greatest arista1 diameter. 14. Subhylemyia longula (Fallén, 1824) Interfrontal devcloped but weak. Mid tibia witlioiit avor 1, bristle. Prealar longer than p notopleural. Chortophila longirla (Fallén); Stein 1907: 720,1908: 107 (La Palma, Tenerife). Hylenijia lorigirla (Fallén); Frey 1937: 130 (La Palma. Tenerife, Gran Canaria). Descriptioti [Hyletnjia (Paregle) citierella (Fallén); Santos Abréu Similar to L. sponsa (Meigen, 1826) but Mith fol- 1976: 21, 171 fig. 3 [var. erjrhrocephala Santos Abréu (unavailable name)] (La Palma). Misident.] lowing differences: Sirbhjlenijia lotigrila (Fallén): Hennig 1971: 687; Báez 1979: 556. 1982: 260 (Hierro. Gomera, Tenerife). MALE. Body dusted with bluish grey rather than with pale brownish grey; mesonotum with three Material e.wt?ziried. HIERRO: Echedo, 2 0 29.i.1978. conspicuous brownish black stripes: median one Jinamar. 1 O 2S.v. 1976. - GOMERA: Apartacaminos. very widened for some distance immediately 1 E 13.viii. 1977. Argumame, 14 16.viii.1977. Los Gal- los. 1 P 13.is.1977. Raso de la Bruma, 19 l.viii.1977: behind suture and reaching scutellum, which is 2P 9.is.1977. - TENERIFE: Aguamansa. 26 brownish black except for a grey patch at antero- 29.is. 1976. Las Lagunetas. 3d 4P 12.v. 1973. Las hlerce- lateral corners; lateral stripes very broad through- des. c. 500 ni. 1 P I4.vi. 1961. K.M. Guichard (BMNH). out. Abdomen with more sheen. with black Mte. Los Silos. 13 17.vi. 1976. Realejo Alto. 400 m. 1 d 77.vii. l904. Olsen. Skule 6r Stadei (ZMUC). median stripe and quite broad dark brown bands along tergital transitions. Wing darker brown t inged. Distribiitioti and biorioriiics Frons at narroLvest point with each parafrontal A Holarctic species. comnion in the Mediterra- narrower than interfrons and narrower than dia- nean subregiori. meter of LI ocellus. Hairing of arista longer. reach- Thc larvac are scavengers. known to feed on ing its greatest diameter. dcad snails. Prealar stronger. ncarly as long as ri notopleu- ral. FEMALE. Coloured as male. except that abdo- 15. Leucophora amicula (Ségiiy , 1928) men IS uith even more shcen. with tessellating [Ddro trlhirltr (FaliCn): Biic7 1979: 536, 1982: 259 (Fuer- dark patches laterally on tcrgites, and nithout dis- tc'ventiirn). 31 isident .] tinct brolvnish black bands. From E L. sporisti 292 Miclielseti, V. B Baez. Al. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1955) further separable by longer arista1 hairing and MALE. Upper occiput shiny black on srnall area longer prealar, and by upper frons with each on each side of vertex. Mesonotum without parafrontal markedly narron.er than interfrons brown median stripe. and abdomen not banded and no wider than diameter of n ocellus. with brown stripes at tergital transitions. Terminaiia in both sexes virtually as in L. spon- Head with face in profilc projected distinctly in SU. front of frontal angle; face also narrower: between vibrissae often no wider than distance bctween outer margins of p ocelli. A pair of short Distribirtion orbitals present on upper frons (rarely seen in L. Apparently a Canarian endemic species. knoun sponsci 6). Arista shorter, equal in length to only from the western islands of Gomera. Tene- remaining antenna. Proboscis longer: prementum rife and Gran Canaria. as long as fore tarsomere 1. Abdomen more robust, practically cylindrical. FEMALE. Separated frorn L. sponsn Q by same Systematic reninrks characters as for 66,except that mesonotum Closely related to the C and W European* L. often has developed a dark median stripe. Further sponsn (Meigen). and to the S European and E with narrower frons: about 1.Sx as wide as dis- Canarian L. subsponsn sp. n. tance between outer margins of p ocelli (about 2X that distance in L. sponsn ?), and upper frons with 1-2 pairs of short orbitals (0-1 pair present in 17. Leucophora subsponsa Michelsen, sp. n. L. sponsa P). Terminalia in both sexes virtually as in L. spon- [Leucophorasporzsa (Meigen); Báez 1979:556.1982:260 ( Fuerteventiira). Misident .] SQ.

7jpe material. Holotype d. CANARY ISLANDS: FUERTEVENTURA: Vallebrón. 7.iii.1981. M. Báez Distribution (coll. Báez). - Paratypes: FUERTEVENTURA: Vega de Rio Palmas, 3'2 12.ii.1977, M. Báez; La Oliva. Id Presently only known from the eastern Canarian 13.ii.1977,M.Báez;Tetir, 19 lS.ii.19S0, 19 21.ii.1980. islands of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, and from M. Báez; Betancuria. 18 6.iii.1984, G. Ortega. - LANZAROTE: Los Valles, 1 O 2O.ii.1979, hl. Báez: Spain, but L. subsponsa is probably widely distri- Teguise. 28 20.ii.1979. M. Báez: Uga. 13 22.ii.1979, buted in the Mediterranean subregion. M. Báez. In coll. Báez and ZMUC.

Additional material. SPAIN: TERUEL PROV.: Alca- ñiz, 18 2P lO.iv.1973. J.P. Dear(BMNH). Systemntic reninrks Belongs to the L. sponsn species-complex which Diagriosis. Grey to light brownish grey dustsd; upper occiput on each side o€vertex with srnall polished black also includes the western Canarian L. cannriensis spot. Interfrontal developed. Prernentum as long as fore and an unnamed species in Japan. tarsomere 1. Prealar weak, about as long as p notopleu- ral. Mid tibia without m'or 1, bristle. 18. Delia antiqua (Meigen, 1826) Description Delia nririqun (Meigen); Báez 1979: 556. 1982: 259 (Te- The present species has previously been confused nerife). with L. sponsn (Meigen). but differs in the follow- Mnterinl e.mt?iitied. TENERIFE: La Cuesta, 16 ing: 13.v.1973; l? 21.vi.1973.

~~~ *Su\\:i. M. (1974) recorded L. .rpo~rso(hleipsnl from Japan (Im. mat- sum. (N.S.) 4: SO). Examinarion of 1.5 from Suu;i'\ original serie\: HokkiiidU. JUzankei. 2.v.lY6S.X1. Suua (nou incull D. 51. Ackland. Deddington) revealed. ho\ccvcr. that thi\ record iii\ol\e, ;i dktinct zpecics. The p:ilc hluish grey durting. le\\ pr<>lt.ctedfsic (I! tng ciearl! hehind frontal :ingle). strmger pcn.il3. lonyr prcal.ir .ind fincr UL'p~ hri\tlc\ on niid ;ind hirid fcniiir readily di\tingiit\h th? Jqxincw specic, from L. S~JOIISC EhT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985) Anthomyiidac of the Canary Isliinds 793 Distributiori and biononiics Meiteritil e.vtimimd. HIERRO: Echedo. 1 E 30.i. 1978. Frontera. I P 1 .ii. 197s. - GOMERA: El Cedro. 1000 This is the cosmopolitan "onion maggot", a m. Id 30 25.vii.l9S1. Olsen. Skule & Stadel (ZhlUC). serious pest on cultivated onion, garlic and leek. Laguna Grande 1 E 9.k.1977. - TENERIFE: Agua- mansa. 1 E 1 l .iv.1976. Hortigal. I P 16.\..1976. Las Catiadas. 1 S 19.viii. 1973. J.hl. Fernández (coll. Bhez): 19. Delia bracata (Rondani, 1866) 1 E 2.ix.1973; 19 5.vi.19S0.Los Rodeos. 19 3O.iii.1980. -"C'ANARIES": 1 (hiSHS). Delicr brricarci (Rondani): Hennig 1971: 750 (Tenerife): Báez 1979: 556. 1982: 260 (La Palma. Tenerife). Distribution Remarks. Canarian record5 of "floiYhrrsi3 Stein" b> eariier authors may in part refer to present species. An endemic Canarian species. kno\vn only from the western region (Hierro. Gomera. Tenerife). Material examined. LA PALMA: La Dehesa, Id 29 The type material came from Hierro: Sabinosa. 13.vii.1973. - GOMERA: Tecina. 33 39 2S.iii.1978. Vallehermoso, 16 1 9 19.k.1977. - TENERIFE: El Sauzal. Id 3.vi.1979. La Cuesta. 29 21.ix.1972; 19 Systetnatic reniarks 21 .x. 1973. Los Cristianos, 4P 26.xii. 1973. "Tenerife", 1 0. Duurlo (ZMUC). - GRAN CANARIA: Banda- Hennig (1974) knew D.platiira from al1 Canarian ma. 3P 21.ix.1973. -LANZAROTE: Teguise, 16 19 20.ii.1979. islands except Hierro. As his material of the very similar taxon cilitarsis came from this island, he concluded the latter to be a geographical sub- Distribution and biononiics species of platrtra. However, the presently availa- Widely distributed in the Mediterranean subre- ble material shows these two taxa as coexisting on gion. at least three of the western islands. viz. Hierro, Seemingly a common species in cultivated Gomera and Tenerife. areas. and suspected to be a pest on cereal crops in D. cilitarsis is certainly most closely related to much the same way as the closely related D. flavi- D. platura, but is larger, and in the c? readily dis- basis (Stein). tinguished by the longish d bristles on mid tarso- mere 1 and by different terminalia (cf. Figs. 33.34 & 35,36). D. cilitarsis is more difficult to separate 20. Delia canariensis Henning, 1974 from D. platiira in the Q . but it is dusted grey/blu- Delia canarietisis Hennig, 1974: 765 (Fuerteventura); ish grey rather than pale brownish grey. and has a Báez 1979: 556. 19S2: 260 (Fuerteventura). more pronounced pattern of brownish black on mesonotum and abdomen; this in combination Material e.raniiried. FUERTEVENTURA: Coti. holo- with a larger size and frequent presence of apd on type 3. 7.v.1961. K.M. Guichard (BMNH). Morro Jable, 1 d l5.ii.1977. fore tibia should enable safe recognition in most cases.

Distribution This distinctive Delia species is so far only known 22. Delia echinata (Séguy, 1923) from the eastern region of the Canaries (Fuerte- [Cliorrophila florilegci (Zetterstedt); Stein 1907: 716. ventura). However. the species is likely to eventu- 1908: 107 (Tenerife: teste Henning 1971: 800. 827). ally show up in the Mediterranean subregion. Misident .] [ Hylet~jia (Delirr ) fiorilegri (Zet ters ted t ) ; ?Santos Abréu 1976: 27 (La Paliiia). Misident.] 21. Delia cilitarsis Hennig, 1974 STAT. N. [Clioriophilnfirga.r (Meigen): Stein 190s: 107 (La Pal- ma); ?Santos Abrh 1976: 33 (La Palma). Misident.] Figs. 33. 31 Ddia ecliiiirua (Séguy); Hennig 1974: 800 (Tenerife): Bhez 1979: 556. 1982: 260 (Tenerife). [Aritliorrij.ici crim hlacquart: Xlacqiiart 18-39: 1 17 (Cann- rics). Misident.] Retticirks. Stein's record offiigci.r from the Caiiarics \vas Briiri plririrrei ssp. ci1itfirsi.s Hennig. 1971: HYO (Hierro). brised o11 1 d. ir1 I\.íNHU (txaniiiicd). heloiiging to B. rch itl(/tl/. Remrirks. híacquart's record of ccim froni thc Canarit.5 does not refer to D. pititiir(r (Xísigen). as ciirrcntly belit- 2Llurcriii/ e.vrimim4. LA I'ALXIA: "La Palnia". Id. T. ved. The original 1 ? (in MNHN) is the present species. Bccker (MNHU).- HIERRO:Echedo. 23 39.i.1978. 291 hlicllclseti. if. Cr. Baez. ICI ENT. SCASD. VOL. 16 (19S5)

Figs. 33, 31. Bdirr cilitnrsis Hennip: d.Tenerifr: terrninnlia: epandrial complex in profile arid hind views. - Scale: 0.31 mm.

El Juian. 18 31.i.197S. El Pinar. I o” 70.i.197S. - The species has been reported as a larval pest TENERIFE: Las LaL,unetiiS. 26 29 12.~.197-3. LOS Rodeos. lo“ 3O.iii. 19x0. Mtria Grande. Esperanza. 1400 on spinach (“spinach stem fiy**>and c;lrnation, m. 49 2S.vii. i9S-l. Olsen. Skule R: Stadel (ZbíCC). 23. Delia flavibasis (Stein, 1903)

Distrih I itioi I 01I ci hioii oti iics Cíiortop/rií(r firri.ihn.sis Stciii; Stcin 1907: 71h. 190s: 107 A widespread Holarctic spccies ranping frorn arc- (La Palma. Teiierifc. Gran Caiiarin): Santos Abréii 1976: -35. 170 fig. 4 (La Ptilnia. Goriier;~.Tcnerife. tic t o wa riii - t e rn pe ra t e a re a s. Gran Canaria . La n z;i rot c ) , ENVT'. SCASD. \'OL. 10 (19SS) Aritiiomyiidoc of thc Canary Islands 205

l Fips. 35-39. Drlici pLir~~r"(Xleigen): d . Gran Canaria: terrninalia. - -35. .36. Epandrial complex, profile and hind vietvs. - 37. Sternite V.- 38. Gonocoxital lobe (ripht) and gonostyllis. - 39. Phalliis. - Scale: 0.34 rnm. ENT. SCAND. VOL. Ih (1955)

H).letii-.icr fln4,ihnsis (Stein): Frey 1937: 1-30 (Tenerife. S.iii.1975. A.E. Stiibhs (BblNH). San Andrk, 1 P Gran Canaria). 9.xi.1980. Santa Ursiila. I P 14.iii.1976. Sauzal. 1P Delia flatihasis (Stein): Hennig 1974: 808: Báez 1979: 3.vi.1979. Teno. IP IO.iii.1974. Vilaflor. 3P 2.ix.1973. 556, 1982: 260 (Tenerife). - GRAN CANARIA: Bandama. 13 ti.¡¡¡. 1977. Bco. Virgen, Moya. 400 m. id í?lO.vii.1984. Olsen. Skule Reniarks. Some of the ahove records certainly refer to 8: Stadel (ZMUC). Cazadores. 1 Q 3.iv. 1983. El Cedro. D. bracatn. 1000 m. Id IP 25.vii.1981. Olsen. Skule 8: Stadel (ZMUC). Guayadeque. 13 1 E 28.xii. 1980. Tafira Alta. “llarerial esnniitzed. TENERIFE: El Moquinal. 1 d 1 d 8.iii. 1977. Tejeda. 23 Y.¡¡¡. 1977. Pinos de Galdar. 17.v.1981. La Cuesta. 10d 1P 25.xii.1975; Id 1300 m. 2? 31.vii.1984. Olsen, Skule 8: Stadel 30.v. 1977. La Laguna, 13 30.iv. 1973. (ZMUC). - FUERTEVENTURA: Betancuria. 1 ? 2O.ii.1980: 19 6.iii.l984: 350 ni. 23 3.v.1964. K.M. Guichard (BMNH). Pto. de la Peña. 1 P 20.ii.1980. Val- Distribution and bionomics lebrón. 13 s.¡¡¡. 1984. G. Ortega (coll. Báez). Valle de Ortega. Id 8.v.1974. Vega de Rio Palmas. 4d 3P A Mediterranean species, especially common in 20.ii.1980. - LANZAROTE: Haría. Id 2 P 20.ii. 1979. cultivated areas. Los Fariones. 1 P 12.iv.1971. Teguise. 1 d 1 Q 2O.ii.1979. The larvae infest cereal crops. Distribution and bionomics 24. Delia platura (Meigen, 1826) Delia platura is undoubtedly the world’s most common and widespread anthomyiid. Figs. 35-39. Highly abundant in cultivated fields and gar- Chortophila cilicrura Rondani: Stein 1907: 713. 1908: dens. The larvae infest a number of vegetables, 107 (La Palma, Tenerife, Gran Canaria). yet the economic importance of the species does Hylemyia cilicriira (Rondani); Frey 1937: 130 (La Pal- not seem to be clearly worked out. ma, Gomera, Tenerife, Gran Canaria). Hylemyia (Crinlira) cilicruza [sic] (Rondani); Santos Abréu 1976: 25 (Canaries, common). 27 [var. rubri- ceps Santos Abréu (unavailable name)] (La Palma, Addendum: A new species of Pegomya Tenerife). Delia plririira (Meigen); Hennig 1974: 889; Báez 1979: Robineau-Desvoidy from Madeira 556, 1982: 260 (Hierro, Gomera. Tenerife. Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote). Pegomya lateropunctata Michelsen, sp. n. Materialexaniitwd. HIERRO: Echedo. 1629.i.1978. El Julan, 63 30.i.1978. El Pinar, 3d 30.i.1978. Frontera, Figs. 4041. 36 1P l.ii.1978. Jinamar, 3d 28.v.1976: 1 d l.xi.1975. Type niaterial. Holotype d,MADEIRA: Funchal. coast- Monte del Golfo, Id 28.v.1976. San Andrés. 2P al grassland, 17-23.ii. 1977. A.E. Stubbs (BMNH). 28.v.1976. San Lázaro, 13 27.v.1976. - GOMERA: Agando. 2 P 15.viii. 1977. Alajeró. 1 P 20.viii. 1977; 18 Diagriosis. 6: A medium-sized Pegomyn, entirely black, 11 .iv. 1975. Apartacaminos, 29 13.viii. 1977. Bailadero, dusted with grey and brown. Abdomen with triangular 1 0 2l.viii. 1977. Cañada Amaya. 29 2O.viii. 1977. brown spots anterolaterally on tergites. Acrostichals Cañada de Jorge. l? 12.viii.1977. El Cedro, 2P ueak and very close-set: prealar developed. Tergite VI 1 l.iv. 1974. Garajonay, 2E 3.viii.1977. Hermigua, 3d setose. Terminalia, see Figs. 4041. 7.iv. 1974. Igualero. 19 2O.viii. 1977. Laguna Grande, 1 P ló.viii.1977. Los Gallos. 39 ll.ix.1977. Los Infantes. 19 21.viii.1977. Raso de la Bruma. 1P l.viii.1977. - TENERIFE: Aguamansa. 36 49 11 .iv. 1976. Araya de Descriptiori Candelaria. 1 P 18.xi. 1979. Bajamar. Id 1 P 3.ii.1980. MALE. Wholly black. dark greyish dusted, ra- Bco. Añavingo, 26 1 P 9.iii.1975. Bco. Badajiz. Id 1 P l7.iii. 1975. Bco. Gainbuesa, 2d 3 P 14.iii.1976. El Can- ther shining on thorax and abdomen. Parafrontal tillo. 10 28.i. 1974. El Moqtiinal. 16 17.v. 1984. Fasnia. and parafacial matt brownish grey. without usual Id 24.ii.1971. Güímnr. 2d 1.!..1973: Mirador de D. light sheen; prernenturn thinly dusted, yet with Martin. ld 1 0 l9.ii-5.iii.1975. A.E. Stubbs (BMNH): East of Güímar. Id 10 19.ii-5.iii.l975. A.E. Stubbs blackish sheen. Antenna and palpus black. Meso- (BMNH).Izañli, 1 d 30.v.19S1. Las Calladas. 19 notum brownish black on broad median stripe 5.vi.1980: Id IC 23.\..1976.LaCuesta. Id 17.vii.1971. reaching disc of scutcllum. and on broad area late- La Esperanza. 1 ? S.iii.1072. La Layina. 2; 2l.i.1977. ral to dorsocentrals. M’ing tinged with dark Las Lagiinctas. j? 11.v.1973. Los Rodeos. 23 23 30.iii. 19SO. hlaria Jirnenez. 1 ? 2.iii. 1975. hlte. Aguirrc. brown; calyptrat pale bron,nish. Legs entirely 1 ? 11.iii. 1981. Mtc. Agua García. 13 Z.\iii. 1981. Mtc. black. Abdomen with black stripc narrowly inter- Los Silos. 1 Q 16.x. 1984. Pto. de la Cruz, 5d 59 19.ii- rupted at tergital hind rnargins and further colour- ENT. SCAKD. VOL. 16 (1985) Anthoniyiidae of the Canary Islands 797

Figs. 4044. Pegoriiya Inreropiiricrnrn cp.n.: holotype d. Madeira; terminalia. -40. Sternite V. -41,42. Epandrial complex, profile and hind views. - 43. Gonocosital lobe (right) and gonostylus. - 44. Phallus. - Scaie: 0.S mm. ed brown along margins of black stripe and on pairs of frontals on lower two-thirds of frons; t r i ;ingu I ;i r spot s ;I t ii n tcro latc r;i I co rn c rs o f t c rg i t cs. genals in front uniserial. Inner vertical stronper Frontal angle prominent. in profilc Iying far in than laterally very short postoculars. Pedicel rn- front of face; postgena somewhat dilated; gcna in ther slender basally; flagellomere about 1.7~as profilc deep Lvith rounded lokver margin. Upper lons as wide. rounded at apex; arista1 hairing at froii s w i t h n a r row para f ro n t a I i a separat e d b!. most 0.5 x as long as its greatest diameter. interfrons abnut 1 .S X w.idth a ocellus. Parafacial Hairing of mesonotum short, moderately dense; in middle sanie widtti as flapellomsre. About 6 acrostichals weak, close-set; lateral posthumeral EKT. SCAND. L'OL. Ih (1985) absent: prealar about tuo-thirds as long as 1.' Iy projcctecl process on each Iobc of3tcrnitc V notopleural. Proepimerals c. 7:katepisternals 1 + ...... A tidiotti>,iuc/iiitrqit~~ttrricit~ni~i irinp shortcr thm its prcatcst dianie- 2. Vein C u.ith spines and spinules weak. bare on ter: mid tibia with 1 cid. Male u.ithoiit distiiict i' d facs: calyptrac equally projected. process on lobes of sternite V .... Hind tibia with 1 01' (short). only 1-5 rtcl, and 2 . A lli/ioltl\~;llt~'ttl~>~~.sirli1itt1 Jri bristlc: intcrfrontal Pd. uith poir of hairs (3) or bristlcs ( E ) ...... X Abdomen weakljr flattened: tergites 111-V Lvith Fore tibia without apical pl; intcrfrontal hare 9 marginals but Lvithout discals: tergite Vi with AIl femora biack: hind tibia ivith apic:il pi' bris- several marginal hairs and bristles. Terminalia as tlc: wing fiiscous aroiiiid cross-\.cins i'-in iind in Figs. 40-44. drn-cu ...... A tii/iotti>,icicwijktitirw At least mid and hind femora yelion: tiiiid tibia FEMALE. Unknoun. without apical pi'; Lvirig not fiiscoiis aroiind SIZE. Wing length 5.8 mm. c ross- ve i n s ...... A ti ih ot t i!,iri .wti diop i i.~ Legs black. at most brownish iit knees ...... 10 Al1 tibiae yellow ...... 11 Distribiitioii Mesonotiini light grey with threc broad hlack Only the holotype from Madeira is known. stripes: prementiim thinly grey-diistcd ...... PcJgott i~rii,iiiiihora.r

prementum undusted. shiny ...... Systenintic r-emcirks ...... Pegottixci ccitiarierisis al row ver! close-set The close-set acrostichals, and the structure of the ...... Pegot>i>xsuaedae d terminalia (cf. Figs. 6138: 30-44) indicate that chal rows normally the seemirigly endemic Madeiran Pegomycr latero- spaced ...... Pegottiyri ciitiiculariri puncratn anci the Canarian and W Mediterranean Prealar niissing ...... 13 Prealar present ...... 13 P. suaedae are sister-species. short av ...... Key to male and female" Anthomyiidae of ...... Deliri flavibasis the Canary Islands Mid tibia with 1 av bristle ...... 15 Mid tibia without av ...... 16 Vein C with setulae or spinules on 1' face. at Face strongly produced forwards; mouthparts least distai to apex of vein Sc ...... 2 ment tarsoniere 1 Vein C bare on v face ...... 12 ...... Adia citierella Vein C with scattered I' spinules dista1 to apes prod ort: premen- of sc ...... 3 tum much shorter than fore tarsomere 1 ..... Vein C only with setulae on I' face ...... Height of gena in profile esceeding Legs chiefly yellow Delia cnticirietisis of eye: some hairs present in between three Legs black ...... 17

pairs of presutural acrostichals. Male aith 18 Parafacial broader than flagellomere ...... 18 rocess at base of hind fernur pointed ...... Parafacial slightly dly narrower than ...... Fiicelliri t?inrititria flagellomere ...... 21 X height of eye; no Interfroiital bare. ing Iength 2.8-3.8 hairs presrnt between presutural acrostichals. mm: body whitish grey dusted: both sexes uith Male u.ith i' process of hind femiir rounded very broad parafrontals narrowly separated ...... Fiicellici iergitin above lunule ...... Leitcoyhorn ariiicula Arista pliiinose: longest hairs much longtir than Iiiterfrontal with pair of hairs or bristies ...... 19 width of flagellomere ...... H.v/etii~rilrueviiratri Male with coarse obtuse apical pv bristle ofi Arista pubescent: longest hiiirs miich shorter foretibia: female uith 23nd on rnid tibia thnn nidth of flagellomere ...... 5 ...... Delici otiiiqircz Proepisterniirn hniry. Thoras and :ibdoirien Both sexes with normal apical pi' on fore tibia \\ hitisti prey-dustcd u.ith contrastiiip bliick mark- aiid orily 1 lid mid tibia ...... 30 ing\ ...... 6 Bliiish grey-diisted. Lvith broad brownish black P roe pis t e r n ii ni ha re ...... 7 stripcs on rnesonotiim and bands on abdomen: Longest hairs of arista sliphtiy escccdiiig its arista with uith longest hairs eqiial to its preat- grciitest diarnetrr: rnid tibia \vithoiit rirl bristle est di ame ter : ti p per occi pii t en t i re 1). grc!,-d lis t- (C'aiiarian sprcinirns oniy!). hlitle with wiitriil- ed ...... Lxiicophorii c,titicirienri.v ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1905) Anthomyiidae of the Canary Islands 299

(Micliclsen & Báez)

Pego rn y a can a r i e n s i s s Pegomya cunicularia x S Pegornya suaedae s X Pegornya vittithoras X x Fucell i a rn a ri t i rn a S Fucellia tergina x Anthomyia confusanea X A n t ho m y i a q u i n q uernacula t a X X X Anthornyia ternpestaturn X X X Anthornyia xanthopus X X Hylernya latevittata Lasiornrna anthornyinum X X Subhylernyia longula Leucophora arnicula Leucophora canariensis X Leucophora subsponsa X Delia antiqua Delia bracata X Delia canariensis X Delia cilitarsis X X X X Delia echinata X Delia flavibasis X X Delia platura X X X X X X

Table 1. Ecological distribution of the Canarian Anthornyiidae. See the text for details on zones.

- Pale brownish grey-dusted, without blackish ral bristles on sternites 111-IV of normal length. stripes and bands; hairing of arista rnuch shorter Fernale with apicalpd bristle on fore tibia ... 24 than its greatest diarneter; upper occiput to each 24. Larger, wing length 5.14.0 rnrn. Male with side of vertex with srnall. polished black spot longish d bristles on rnid tarsomere 1. Fernale ...... Leucophora siibsponsa pale grey-/bluish grey-dusted with contrasting 21. Lateral posthumeral developed. Male eye with rnarking of dark brown on mesonotum and ab- long, dense hairing ...... 22 domen ...... Delia cilitarsis - Lateral posthiimeral rnissing. Eye virtually - Srnaller, wing length 3.4-5.4 mrn. Male with d bare in both seses ...... 23 hairs on rnid tarsornere 1 at rnost as long as 23. d. Mesonoturn with lateral blackish patch tarsornere diarneter, norrnally shorter. Fernale reaching frorn suture to base of wing: scutellum pale brownish grey with inconspicuous rnarking largely black. P.Mesonoturn with rather broad of dark brown on rnesonotum and abdomen brownish black stripes; scutellurn with con- ...... Delia platura colourous median stripe ...... Losionimn arirhonzjiiriim (dark) - d. Mesonoturn without lateral patch (only with Local distribution of the Canarian Antho- median and paramedian dark stripes); scutel- myiidae lurn grey-dusted with blackish median stripe. 9.Mesonoturn uith only three (median and paramedian) stripes which are narrow and Ecological brown-diisted: scutellurn entirely grey-dusted ...... Lasiornnia arirlioni~iriirr?i(paie) For purposes of roughly characterizing the ecolo- 33. Fore femiir with short row of fine 0 bristles. gical distribution of the Anthomyiidae, the terre- Malr with several very long bristles on lateral borciers of sternites 111-IV. Fernale without strial environment of the Canaries may conve- apicnl pti oii fore tibia ...... Delia echimrci niently be divided into 6 ecologicai zones (cf. - Forc feniiir withoiit o bristles. Male with late- Báez 1979): 300 Michelseri, V. & Baez. M. EKT. SCAA’D. VOL. 16 (1%)

(hlichelscii c! bit.^)

Pegoni ya cariariensis S Pego ni ya c 11 n icii 1aria x S X 1 Pegoni ya siiaedae X Pegomya vittithoras S “1 X Fuccllia maritima x Ix1 x X Fiice I I i a te rg i n a X X 1.1 x Anthomyia confusanea [xl I.1 x X A n t tiom yi ;t q u i nq ue macu I a t a x x X Anthomyia tempestatiim x x X S A n t honi y i a x an t h Opus 1.1 X Hylemya latevittata X x X Lasiomma anthomyinum x x Adia cinerella X x X x X Subti y le m y i a lo ngii I a X x bl Leucophora amicula X Leucophora canariensis x X x Leucophora subsponsa X X Delia antiqua x Delia bracata X S x x DeI i a cana rie n sis x Delia cilitarsis x X Delia echinata X Delia tlavibasis X [XI Delia platiira X x X X X

Table 2. Geographic distribution of the Canarian Anthomyiidae. Brackets indicate that no authentic material has been seen by us.

(a) Litrord zotie. The beach proper. fore dunes, and with larvae living on pollen balls of ground-nest- coastal areas with halophytic vegetation. ing, solitary bees); also Delia canarierisis rnay (b) Xerophyric zone. Lower slopes (iip to about 400-700 belong to this zone. Pegomya cuniciilaria, Adia m) characterized by a hot, dry klediterranean climate and by succulent and tree heath vegetation. cinerella, Delia antiqua, D. bracata, and D. flavi- (c) Ciilriiwed zoiie. basis rnay al1 be typical for the cultivated zone. Of (d) Lairrisilva zone. Evergreen forest (up to about 1300 particular interest is Hyfenrytl Iatevirtarti, which is m> dominated by species of laurel. largely on wetter N- only found in the laurisilva, or in places where the NW slopes (now extensively destroyed by man). (e) Pirie foresr zotze. Open savanna-like forest (up to laurel forest has disappeared relatively recently. about 2000 m) dominated by the endemic Pitiiis cma- Among the more ubiquitous species. yet avoid- rietisis. ing the hottest lower altitudes, are Anthomyia (f) Scthalpirie zone. Montane heath and at higher altitu- qriinqiienzaculata, A. tenipestatiirn, Sirhlij~leniyiti des (above 2600m) subalpine herbs: climate subconti- n e n t al. longrrla and Delia cilirarsis. The most cornrnon and ornnipresent species is Delio platiirri. The zona1 distribution is outlined in Table 1. Cha- racteristic of the littoral zone are Pegomya siroe- Geogrtlpizical tlae (ieaf-miner on the halophytic herb Sitaeda), the Fricellici spp. (in decaying seaweed), and The known distribiition of the Anthomyidae in Atzthotnjiri .vtlndzopiis (possibly a dune species). the Canary Islands is depicted in Tabic 2. Thc Most obviously associated with the xerophytic data clearly reflect that thc archipelago can be zone are the species of Leucophora (xerophiious, divided into two biogeographicai Linits. The west- EhT. SCAND. L‘OL. 16 (1985) Anthomyiidae of the Canary Tslands 301

(hlichel\eii R Báez)

Pegorn! a canariensis x! Pegornya cunicularia s Pegornya lateropunctata X! Pcgornl ii 1) neborgi X Pegoni ya suaedae X Pegornya vittithorax x Fucellia rnaritirna x Fucellia tergina x Anthoniyia confusanea A! Anthoniyia fasciata [XI Anthomyia maura X Anthornyia pluvialis X An thornyia quinquemaculata Anthornyia ternpestaturn Anthornyia xanthopus Hylernya latevittata Lasiornrna anthornyinurn Paregle audacula X 1x1 Adia cinerella x X X Subhylerngia longula S Leucophora arnicula X! Leucophora canariensis X! Leucophora subsponsa x! Delia antiqua X Delia bracata x X! Delia canariensis x Delia cilitarsis X Delia echinata X X! Delia fiavibasis X X! Delia platura x X X Delia radicurn X! X

Table 3. Distribution of the Macaronesian Anthornyiidae. Exclarnation marks indicate new records; brackets indi- cate that no authentic material has been seen by us. - Sources: Cape Verde (Emden 1959); Salvage (Ororní et al. 1978; Báez 1982); Madeira (Becker 1908; Tiensuu 1938, 1919): and Azores (Séguy 1936; Frey 1945).

ern islands of La Palma, Hierro, Gomera, Tene- mya canariensis, Anthomyia quinqiiemaculata, rife and Gran Canaria, forming one region, have Hylemya latevittata, Lasiomma anthomyinum, elevations above 1400 m, oceanic climatic condi- Sitbhylemyia longrrla, Leucophora canariensis, tions, and thus the fuli range of ecological zones. Delia antiqua, D.cilitarsis, D.echinata and D.jla- The eastern islands of Fuerteventura and Lanza- ivibasis; 4 species only from the eastern region, rote, forrning the other region, have a much lower viz. Pegomya siraedae, Leucophora amicula, L. elevation and a climate influenced by Saharan sirbsponsa and Delia canariensis. Of the 6 appa- conditions. Forest and montane zones are absent rently endemic species, 4 are confined to the west- on these islands. ern region (Pegomyn canariensis, Hylemya late- Among the 24 species of Anthornyiidae pre- iittata, Leiicophorn canariensis, Delia cilitarsis), 1 sently on record frorn the Canaries. 10 species are is eastern (Delia canariensis), and 1 occurs in both oniy kriown froni the western region, viz. Pego- regio n s (Pegomya ijittitliorax). 302 Michelsen. V. R. Briei, hl. ENT. SCAND. VOL. Ih (IYS5) Review of the Macaronesian Anthomviidae former existence of laural forest on the eastern islands shows that the chances of natural spread- The Anthomyiidae and their distribution on the ing from time to time in the past have been better Macaronesian archipelagos are shown in Table 3. than today. Leaving aside Cape Verde. which belongs in the The Anthomyiidae are poorly represented in Afrotropical region and has a single Afrotropical the Afrotropical region. and occur mainly in the species on record: AnthomFia fasciaru (Walker, eastern and southern mountainous parts of the 1858). the faunal affinity of the Macaronesian continent. Thus it is not surprising that the Cana- Anthomyiidae is obviously with the Mediterra- rian Anthomyiidae. without exceptions, are nean subregion. Mediterranean species. or descendants thereof. The Salvage Islands, which are some slightly emergent rocks in the ocean between the Cana- ries and Madeira. have only l species on record, Inrroduced species but this is a rare Mediterranean species, Pegomya We have reasons to suppose that there are more lynehorgi Ackland, 1977, unknown frorn else- species of anthomyiids on the Canaries today than where in Macaronesia. prior to the Spanish settlement at the end of the Madeira has 11 species (%o/, also Canarian). 15th century. This because a number of species Two of these are neoendemic. viz. Pegomya fate- found on the islands seem obvious candidates for ropiincrato sp. n. which is most closely related to spreading by rnan and his activities. Among these the Mediterranean and Canarian P. siiaedae, and are Pegomya cunicularia, Delia anriqira, D. echi- Anthotnyia rnaura (Stein, 1908) standing closest nata, D. platura, D. bracara and D. flavibasis, to the Mediterranean and Canarian A. confusa- species al1 known a larval feeders on garden vege- nea. The Azores have 6 species which al1 occur tables, cereal crops or introduced weeds. Also also on Madeira (50% also Canarian). A& cinereffa, the common breeder in bovine Al1 the Madeira and Azores species of Antho- dung. very likely belongs to the introduced spe- myiidae, apart from the kelp- Fucellia tergina cies. and the two Madeiran endemics, are likely to have been introduced by the activity of rnan. Three obviously introduced species on Madeira Itidigenous species and the Azores. viz. AnrhornpiaplLci,ialis (Linnae- A number of Mediterranean anthomyiids have us, 1758). Poregle aiidacrrln (Harris, 1780) and the probably colonized the Canaries by means of acci- "cabbage maggot" Delia radiciim (Linnaeus, dental spreading. Among these are the kelp-flies, 1758), apparently have not reached the Canaries. Fucellia maritima and F. tergina, which should likely be able to survive long-distance transporta- tion on sea-borne iterns. Other species like Pego- Origin of the Canarian Anthomyiidae niya srtaedae, P. cuniculario (eastern pale form), The Anthomyiidae are chiefly a group of cold- Anrhoinya confiisanea, A. tempestatiini. A. xan- adapted flies: greatest generic and specific diver- rhopirs, Leucophoro arriicula and L. siibsponsa sity are thus found in areas of the North Hemi- must be fairly resistant to heat and drought, as sphere with temperate to subarctic climates. The they al1 occur on the arid eastern islands. and thus Canarian fauna presently consists of 24 species in would only have to cross a sea-barrier of 90-120 9 genera, and we do not expect these figures to km which separates Fuerteventura and Lanzarote increase significantly during future research. This from the Moroccan coast. Also Anrhoin~ioquin- rather poor representation cannot be explained qiiemcicirlata may belong in this group. as its pre- from the local climatic conditions alone, as the sence on the eastern islands can be expected. The forest and subalpine zones of the mestern islands origin of the W Canarian Lasiotnrnrr (inrhomy- certainly should be tolerated by a lot more spe- inittn and Siihhylemyio longirlo is more obscure; cies. The effect of isolation seems more impor- the former is a fairly cold-adapted species which tant: a long-persisting barrier. some 500 km wide. possibly represents a remote spreadins event. the of arid land and open sea isolates the fauna of the latter is more likely to huve been introduced by western islrinds from the richer anthomyiid fauna man. of thc Atlas Mts. Houever. the knn\+,ledgeof a Some of the native spccie\. e.g. P. siraprloe, A. h

ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985) Anthomyiidae of the Canary Islaiids 303 xanthopiis and L. nnthomyinum, differ slightly in species. The plesiornorphic sister-species is the colour and structure from conspecific individuals cosrnopolitan D. platlrrrr; this provides us with a frorn the Mediterranean area. These indications case of sister-species syrnpatry, and with argu- of beginning speciation suggest that successful rnents for believing that D. platura was introdu- natural spreadings are exceptional events. ced to the archipelago rather recently. Ackriorrleclgr>ierirs. We are most grateful for the Ioan of material and information received from Mr D.LI. Ack- land. Deddington. England: Dr A. Freidberg. DZTU. Endeniic species Israel; Dr L. Matile. MNHN. France: Dr A.C. Pont. BMNH. England: and Dr H. Schumann. MNHL'. D D R. The following 6 species (25Y0) of the Canarian Mr R. Nielsen. ZiMUC, Denmark, assisted in prepriring fauna of Anthornyiidae are known solely there- the illustrations. frorn: Pegomya canariensis, P. r>ittithorn.x,Hyle- This paper was supported by the Danish Natural mya latevittuta, Leiicophorn canarieiisis, Delin Science Research Council. and by the Research Project no. 1692-82 of the Comisión Asesora de Investigación cnnariensis and D. cilitarsis. However, the ende- Científica ?Técnica (Ministerio de Educacicín y Ciencia. mic status of several of these iscertainly doubtful. España). Many species of Diptera were described frorn the Canaries prior to their subsequent discovery elsewhere. Examples from the present farnily are Pegomya suaedae, Anthomyia quinquemaculata References and A. xanthopus. Báez, M. 1979. Análisis ecológico de la superfamilia Pegomya canariensis frorn the western region en las Islas Canarias (Insecta. Diptera). (Hierro. Tenerife) is seerningly rnost closely, yet - Anu.Estud.atlant. 25: 553-559. - 1982. Estudio biogeográfico de la superfamilia Mus- rernotely, related to the European P. provecta coidea en la Macaronesia, con especial referencia a and P. mediterranea and, provided it does not las Islas Canarias (Insecta, Diptera). - Bolm Soc. show up elsewhere, possibly a Tertiary relict spe- port.Ent. 7 (Supl. A): 257-273. cies. Becker, T. 1908. Dipteren der Insel Madeira. - Mitt. zool.Mus.Berl. 4: 181-206, pi. 4. Pegomya rtittithornx appears to be sister-group Bigot, J. M. F. 1891. Voyage de M. Ch. Alluad aux íles related to P. betae, the well-known beet and spi- Canaries (Novembre 1889- Juin 1890). - Dipteres. nach leaf-miner . The occurrence of P. ilittithorax - Bull.Soc.zool.Fr. 16: 275-279. in both Canarian regions (Gornera. Tenerife; Emden. F. 1. van 1958. Muscidae collected on the Cape Verde Islands. (Resuits of the Zoological Expedition Fuerteventura), and the fact that it isoverall more of Profesor Dr. Hakan Lindberg to the Cape Verde plesiornorphic in adult structure than P. betae, Islands in the winter 1953-54. N:o 24.) - Com- make it questionable that this is a truly endernic mentat.biol. 20(1): 18 pp. species. Frey, R. 1937. Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen In- seln und ihre Probleme. - Ibidem 6(1): 237 pp.. Hylemyn latevittata of the western Canaries is a 10 PIS. typical neoendernic island species. The overali - 1945. Tiergeographische Studien über die Dipteren- plesiornorphous sister-species is H. iqans, a fauna der Azoren. 1. Verzeichnis der bisher von cornrnon western Palearctic species. den Azoren bekannten Dipteren. - Ibidem 8( 10): 1 14 pp.. 4 PIS. Leiicophora cnriariensis is also a neoendernic Hennig. U'. 1966-1976. Fam. 631. Anthom!iidae. - species of the western Canaries (Gomera. Teneri- In: Lindner. Fliegen palaearkt.Reg. 7(1): 971 + fe. Gran Canaria). A very closely related. nonen- lxxviii pp., 114 pls. dernic species, L. siibsponsa, occurs on the Hering E. M. 1927. Die Minenfauna der Canarischen Inseln. - Zool.Jb.(Syst.) 53: 405-486. eastern islands, yet it seerns that the sister-species - 1914. Dipteren-Biologie 11. - Mitt.dt.ent.Ges. 13: is L. spotisa from central and northern Europe. 42-14. Delin cnnnriensis shows no obvious affinities Kirchberg. E. 1967. Zur Kenntnis stuhlbcsuchender with other species or species-groups of this spe- Fliegen auf den Kanarischen Inseln - Ergebnisse der Deutschen Kanarenexpedition 1966: Diptera 1. cies-rich . It is probably a xero- and psarn- - M'ehrmed.Mschr. 11: 332-335. rnophilous species and is only knon n from Fuerte- \lacquiirt. J. ISN. Dipthrcs. - Pp. 97-1 IY. iii: \\cbb ventura. We find it very unlihely that D cmwien- Rc'rtticlot. Histoirc iiiiturcllc clc Ilc5 Cariiiries sir will retain its present endernic status. 7(7).- 'IS3h-IS11'. Parix. Michelsen. V. 19SOa. A revision of the beet leaf-miner necia cilirnrsis. on the other hand. is undoub- coniplex. Pqortijw /ijmc-.rrr>ii s. iat. (Diptera: tedly ;i geniiine u estern Canarian neoendemic Anthorri!.iidae). - Ent.scand. 11: 297-309. 304 Michclseri, V. & Boez, Al. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (i9Si)

- 19S0b. The Andiomyin pliri-inlis cornples iii Europe - Nova Acta Acad.Caesiir.Leop.Carol.95: 33-38. (Diptera. Anthornyiidae). - Syst.Ent. 5: 181-290. PIS. 3-37. Ororní. P.. Báez. M. Br Machado, A. 1978. Contribución Séguy, E. 1936. Voyage de Mrn. L. Chopard et A. al estudio de los Artrópodos de las Islas Salvajes. Méquignon aux Asores (Aout - Septernbrc 1930). - Pp. 177-191, in: Contribución al estudio de la X. Diptt;res. - Annls Soc.ent.Fr. 105: 11-26. Historia Natural de las Islas Salvajes. Resultados Stein. P. 1907. Anthomyidae. - Pp. 599-747. in: dc In expedición cicntifica 'Agarnciioii 76' (?z dt. Becker. Bezzi. Kertész R: Stein. Katalog der pala- febrero - 3 de marzo de 1976). - Santa Cruz. arktischen Dipteren. 3. - Budapest. Tenerife. - 190s. Anthornyidae [excl. genus Lisp].- Pp. 9-1- Santos Abréu. E. 1976. Monografía de los Anthornyidos 11 l. in: Becker. Dipteren der Kanarischen Inseln. de las Islas Canarias (Dipteros). - 175 pp.. La - Mitt.zool.Mus.Ber1. 4. Palnia. Tiensuu. L. 1938. Die Arthropodenfauna von hfadeira Schnabl. J. 191 1. Dipterologische Sanirnelreise nach nach den Ergebnissen der Reise von Prof. Dr. O. Korsika. (Dipt.). Ausgeführt irn Mai und Juni 1907 Lundblad Juli - Augiist 1935. XII. Diptera: Musci- von Th. Becker, A. Kuntze, J. Schnabl iind E. dae und Tachinidae. - Ark.Zool. 30A(22): 11 pp. Villeneuve. (1. Fortsetzung.) Anthornyidae. - - 1919. Farn. Muscidae. - Pp. 42-43, in: Frey, Die Dt.ent.Z. 1911: 62-100. Dipterenfauna der Insel Madeira. - Cornrnentat. Schnabl. J. R: Dziedzicki, H. 1911. Die Anthomyiden. biol. S(16).

Manirscript accepted Febriiary 1984.

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