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The Anthomyiidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands

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The Anthomyiidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands The Anthomyiidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands VERNER MICHELSEN and MARCOS BAEZ" Michelsen. V. & Briez. M.: The Anthomyiidae (Diptera Ent. scand. lh:777-304. Copcnhqcn. Dcnninrk IS Dcccinhcr 19S5, ISSS 0013-S71 1 The Anthomyiidae (root-maggot flies) of the Canaries are revised. Altogether 24 species in 9 Eilt. SCdI3d. genera are recorded. Four species are described as new. viz. Pegoriijri cnrrcrrierisis. Anthoniyin corzfiisrrrieri, Leircophorn ccirinrietisis and L. sirbsporisri. In addition, Pegornja Icireropirrictnto sp. n. is described from Madeira. Pegomjn sirnediimxi Hering (type locality: France) is syno- nyrnized with P. sirneclae Hering (syn. n.). Deliri cilitrirsis Hennig is regarded a distinct species, not a subspecies of D.plotrrrri (Meigen). A key to males and females is provided. Local distribution of the species. both ecological and geographical. is considered. and the anthomyiid fauna of the other Macaronesian archipelagos is reviewed. The origin of the Canarian anthomyiid fauna is discussed. The species al1 seem to be descen- ded from the fauna of the Mediterranean subregion and can be regarded either as (1) introdu- ced. (2)indigenous. or (3) endernic to the Canaries. Apparentlyendemic Canarian species are Pegoriiyci cnnnrierisis sp. n., P. vitrithornx (Stein). Hjlernjn lotevitrorrr Stein, Lerrcophorri cnnn- rierisis sp. n.. Delin carinrierrsis Hennig and D. cilirnrsis Hennig. V. Michelsen. Department of Entoniology, Zoological Museuin. Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen 0. Denmark. M. Báez. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias. The Canarian archipelago consists of seven vulca- community (the laurisilva; now largely destroyed nic main islands sitiiated 90-380 km off the coast by man) indicate that a stabfe environment has of southern Morocco. The climate is warm-tem- persisted there since the Tertiary. The laurisilva perate, and as a result of the strong oceanic influ- represents a now virtually extinct wet Mediterra- ence has mean temperatures inuch below those on nean climax flora which occupied the Tethyan the adjacent African continent. The warmest and region 40-15 million years ago. driest climate is found on Lanzarote and Fuerte- The Anthomyiidae largely occupy colder clima- ventura, closest to the continent; rainfall is here tic zones. Thus we did not expect to find Tertiary about 140 mm/year but increases westwards to relict species during the present study, because SS5 mm/year on the most remote island, La Pal- any intrusion of species on the Canaries would be ma. iinlikely prior to the end of the Tertiary epoch, The Canaries were built up by lava shields when a colder and drier climate led to the devel- during the Miocene-Pliocene. Finds of leaf opment of the modern Mediterranean biota on impressions and dolomitized trees on Gran Cana- t he adj acen t con t in e n t s. ria date back to the Lower Pliocene, and very likely the archipelago was extensively colonized Systematic treatment by plants and animals in the Miocene. A remark- able richness of endemic species in the present Generic concepts employed in the following devi- biota of the Canaries in conibination with the ate from those of Hennig (1966-1976) as follows: relict occurrence of an evergreen laurel forest Anrliorii)ict Meigcn (syns: Craspedocliocta Mac- ENT. SCAKD. VOL. 16 (1985) c1 uart . C/icli.sirr Ronda ni ) : Rotririop/zilri Lioy (s! ti : 650 specimens niade by M. Báez in 1973-83. Pego íi y le)1 i y iri Sch n abl ) : A di rr Rob i n e au -Des\’ o- Supplc r-ne n t ary nia t e ri 211 i n t he B r iti ch M use u m id! (s!~i: citicrella group of Prireglc Schnabl). (Satura1 History). London (BMNH): Muséum ’ . The first record of Anthomyiidae from the Xational d‘Histoire Naturelle. Paris (MNHN): Canaries dates back to Macquart (1S39). He listed hluse iim für h’a t ii rk ii n de der H u m bol d t - U n i ve r- four species. three of ivhich can toda! be recogni- sitiit. Berlin (MNHU): and the Zoologicnl Muse- ze d as A IIdi orri),icr q i r it I q 11 cmfrci r lrrtri hl acq u a rt . iim. Uni\wsity of Copenhagen (ZMUC) has also H~~letu!ulciicr~irrrrtti Stein and Dclici cilitrirsis Hen- hceri inspected. Other relevant material from the nig. Bigot (1891) xitlcd Atiiri citicrrllri (Fullén). Meditcrranean íirt‘;i has been borrmvcd from the The more important contributions of the present Department of Zoologr.TcI Av¡\, University centur!’ are those by Stein (1908). Hering (1917). (DZTU). Frey (1937). Hennig (1966-1976) and Bácz (197% If not stated otherwise. thc material cxamined 19X1). A posthumous \vork by the first entomolo- kvas collected by h.1. Báez. and is deposited in coll. gist of the Canaries. Elías Santos Abréu (1856- Ráez. La Laguna. Tenerife. with somc duplicates 1937). \irhich deals with the present families Fan- in ZPYIUC. niidac. Anthomyiidae and Muscidae. was publish- ed in 1976. This work is seriously outdated and shoiild preferably never have bcen publishcd. 1, Pegomya canariensis Michelsen, sp. n. Santos Abréu’s collection is presently the pro- Figs. 1-5. perty o€the late Mr E. Santos Pinto’s family, La Palma. The collection was examined by M. Báez Tvpe ttiorerinl. Hoiotype d, CANARY ISLANDS: some years ago and found partly destroyed by HIERRO: Frontera. 1 .ii. 1978. M. Báez (coll. Báez).- Paratypts: TENERIFE: Bco. San Andrés, 1 d insect pests. 16.i.1077. M. Báez. Icod, 2d l2.iv.1976. M. Báez. In The present study showed that the following coll. Báez and ZMUC. species of Anthomyiidae, which from time have been recorded from the Canaries, are based upon Dingriosis. d. Black, sparsely dusted with grey and dark brown: antenna, palpus and legs fuscous brown to black; misidentifieations and should be deletcd from the prernentum polished black. Prealar shorter than p Canarian list: notopleural. Vein C setulose in 1.8 face. bare on d face. Hind tibia with 2pJ bristles. Tergite VI bnre. PegoriiJx Ii~mcjaini(Panzer. 1809) Anrhorriyia irtibrida (Rondani, 1866) A. lirirrntn (Robineau-Desvoidy. 1830) (sjn: pulluln Zetterstedt) Descriptiorz A. pliirYnlis (Linnaeus, 1758) MALE. Black, thinly diisted with grey and dark A. procellnris (Rondani, 1866) HJhiyatwrinrci (Fallén. 1823) brown. Antenna blaek; palpus black with fuscous Fitcellia firconitii (Fallén. 18 19) brown basa1 part; prementum virtually without Botnnopkili fugnx (Meigen. 1826) dust, shiny black. Thorax and abdomen with dis- Egle cilintn (U’alker. 1549) (syn: tmscnrin auct.. nec tinct sheen. Mesonotum in dorsal view rather uni- Fa b r i c i u s ) Lriicoplior-ri spotisn (Meigen. 1826) fornily brownish black, in hind view appearing Ddia albirln (Fallén. 1823) lighter brown with traces of darker stripes. Wing D. florilegn (Zetterstedt. 1845) tinged with dark brown, calyptrae more faintly tinged with brown; haltere yellow. Legs black. We have not been able to check the records of Abdomen dorsally dusted as mesonotum. in hind “Antlzoniyia rnirscnricr” (Macquart 1830: 1 17, view with narrow median black stripe. .‘Canaries“) and “Egle rriirscriria” (Santos Abréu Face short, in profile lying far behind frontal 1976: 38. La Palma. Tenerife), but it is iinlikely angle: parafacial downwards inflexed. about 0.7~ that a species of Egle Desvoidy is involved. Santos as wide as flagellomere; gena in profile short, Abréu (1976: 49) further recorded Aizrlzornyia brond. rounded at lower margin. Upper part of rizoriilis (Meigen, 1826) (as “Chelisiri nionilis frons about 1.5X width of n ocellus: interfrons at Rond.“). but this is rnerely an error for Fcrrrnin narrowest point of frons 2-3X as wide as each rrioriilis (Haliday. 1S3S) [Fanniidx]. par afronta 1 : f ron 5 con s i de ra bl y w i de n e d dow n - The follou.ing revision of Canarian Anthomyi- \\urd\. About 6 pairs of frontals. Flagellomere idne is prirnarily based upon a collection of some about 1.7~as long as broad, rounded at apex; ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1985) Anthomyiidae of the Canary Isiands 279 Figs. 1-5. Pcgo/~?~ctcrriicrricwsis ,p.".: pnriit>.ped. Teiierifc; terniirialia. - 1. Sternite V. -3.-3. Epaiidriai coinples. profile and hinci vieivs. -1. Gonocosital iobe (right) and goriostyliis. - 5. Phitllus. - Scale: 0.34 min. 280 Midielsen, V. & Baez. JJ. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 16 (1905) arista1 hairing extremely short. Proboscis short: Pto. de la Croz. 19 19.ii-S.iii.1975. A.E. Stubhs palpus longer than prementurn. (BMNH). - FUERTEVENTURA: Cunibrcs Jandia. Id 15.ii.1977. LaAsomada.33 39 2i.ii.lYSO. Laoliva. Mesonotum sparsely haired. without hairs 23 1 ? 13.ii.1977. Pto. de la Peña. 1 d 2O.ii. 19SO. Valle- between dorsocentral ro\vs. Acrostichals not brón. lld 12P 21.ii.1980. Vega de Rio Palmas. id close-set. in three pairs before suture. middle pair 26.ii.l9SO. Villaverde. 1 S 21 .ii. 19SO. Tcsjiiate. 1 c enlarged. Lateral posthumsral strong: prealar 2?.ii.l9SO.-LANZAROTE: Haría. 13 10 2O.ii.l979. hláguez. 19 21.ii.197'9. Mala. Id 21.ii.1979. shorter than p notopleural. Proepimerals 2-3. Vein C setulose throughout on 1' face. bare on d face. Distribiitiori arid biorioriiics Mid femur without 01~. \vith pi. on basal half: Widely distributed in the Palearctic repioii. mid tibia kvith 1 cid, 1 pd. 1-9 p. Hind femur with P. ciiriicrilaria and some nearly related species complete row of av and withpi*onbasal half only; are serious leaf-mining pests on spinach and beet hind tibia with 1 av, 2-3 ad. 3 pd. crops, but they also attack weeds (Chcriopodirini. Abdomen rather short and broad, flattened, Arriplex). Hering ( 1927) recorded P. ciiriiciilarin moderately thickened behind. Tergites 111-V from Fuerteventura as a larval miner on Atriples with marginals, but without discals: tergite VI glauca, Atriplex sp.
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