DOCSLIB.ORG

Quaternary Geomorphic Processes and Landform Development in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Quaternary Geomorphic Processes and Landform Development in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302902544 Quaternary Geomorphic Processes and Landform Development in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan Chapter · January 2011 CITATIONS READS 6 4,293 1 author: Amal Kar Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) 90 PUBLICATIONS 1,166 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Thar Desert Natural resources and their management View project Late Quaternary paleoclimate of the Thar Desert View project All content following this page was uploaded by Amal Kar on 11 May 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. acb publications Landforms Processes & Environment Management Kolkata, India Editor: S. Bandyopadhyay et al. [email protected] ISBN 81-87500-58-1 2011 (223-254) Quaternary Geomorphic Processes and Landform Development in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan Amal Kar1 Abstract: Evolution of landforms in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan is very much influenced by the exogenic and endogenic processes operating in the region during the Quaternary period. Studies have revealed that several fluctuations in climate between drier and wetter phases and periodic earth movements decided the type and intensity of geomorphic processes. The paper describes the broad sedimentation pattern in the desert, known facets of Quaternary climate and landform characteristics. It also discusses the influence of Quaternary climate change, neotectonism and human activities on landform evolution. Introduction The Thar, or the Great Indian Sand Desert, is situated in the arid western part of Rajasthan state in India and the adjoining sandy terrain of Pakistan. It forms a distinctive, but integral part of the arid lands of western India that runs through the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat. The eastern limit of the desert can be marked along the calculated moisture availability index (also called the aridity index) of –66.6, which roughly passes through the foothill zone of the degraded, NNE to SSW-trending Aravalli mountain ranges. In the west, the desert extends up to the fertile alluvial plains of the Indus in Pakistan. The Aravalli hill ranges, which partially control the spatial pattern of present-day rainfall in the region, and through it the efficiency of different geomorphic processes, were formed more than 2500 million years ago. It underwent at least three cycles of orogenesis and planation since the Proterozoic, and is now one of the oldest hill ranges in the world. The Aravalli orogenic cycles and the attendant widespread igneous activities were responsible for the construction of much of the basement for subsequent sediment accumulation. The basement in much of the desert area today is made up of granite and rhyolite and the gneissic complex. From the upper Proterozoic period onward sedimentation here took place in several basins, under continental and marine conditions. The identified basins are: (i) Marwar basin, (ii) Lathi basin, (iii) Jaisalmer basin, (iv) Barmer basin, (v) Palana-Ganganagar Shelf, and (vi) Sanchor basin. These 1Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342 003 224 Landforms Processes and Environment Management basins, separated from each other by major tectonic features, including faults, formed together a shelf region that merged with the Indus geosyncline further west. Excellent reviews on the geological and structural frameworks of the Aravalli and the desert area to the west of it are available in Heron (1953), Narayanan (1964), Sen (1970), Chatterji (1977), Dasgupta and Chandra (1978), Pareek (1984), Roy (1988) and Sinha Roy et al. (1998). Broadly, the landforms in the Thar are fluvial, aeolian and lacustrine in nature (Fig. 1; Table 1). Fluctuating climate since the beginning of the Quaternary period about 2 million years ago played a major role in their evolution. There is also growing evidence of periodic tectonic activities during the Quaternary, which accelerated the subaerial processes and left their imprints on the landforms. The basement for Figure 1. Landforms of Thar desert, Rajasthan Quaternary sedimentation in Rajasthan part of the Thar was essentially a vast pediplaned surface which was composed largely of the Pre-Cambrian metasediments and igneous in the east and a gradually thickening sedimentary deposits of Mesozoic and Tertiary periods in the west. We propose to discuss here the present understanding of landform development in the region, the related geomorphic processes, as well as the possible forcing mechanisms. Earlier reviews on the geomorphology of the desert 226 Landforms Processes and Environment Management are available in Ghose et al. (1977a), Allchin et al. (1978), Kar (1992, 1995), Singhvi and Kar (1992), and Singh et al. (1997). Climate change during the Quaternary and sedimentation pattern The discovery of the wide, dry bed of the Ghaggar in the northern fringe of the Thar, its suggested link with the legendary Saraswati river from the Himalayas and establishment of the contribution of the Sutlej in its survival (Oldham, 1893), provoked the earth scientists to search for clues on climate change and tectonism. Ghose (1964) reconstructed from aerial photographs the early integrated drainage systems in the south-central part of the desert between Pali and Jalor, and concluded that some time in the past the climate in the desert was wetter. Several multi-disciplinary studies since then have established that the Quaternary climate fluctuated many time between wetter and drier phases (Bryson and Baerries, 1967; Singh et al. 1974; Ghose et al., 1977b; Allchin et al., 1978; Wasson et al., 1983; Singhvi and Kar, 1992, 2004; Kar et al., 2001, 2004). Observation of several shallow and deep Quaternary sequences confirms that the Quaternary lithofacies in the desert comprise essentially of the alternate fluvial and aeolian sedimentary deposits. Lacustrine and fluvio-lacustrine deposits are noticed in some favoured locations. Correct assessment of land forming processes and chronology of events during the early part of the Quaternary is difficult, especially because of a sharp erosional contact between the Quaternary and the underlying Tertiary/pre-Tertiary deposits, shallowness of the Quaternary sediment thickness at many places, paucity of good exposures in the areas of deep sequences, and problems of dating the old sediments through currently available techniques. Reliable chronology of events, on the basis of radiocarbon dating of organic materials and luminescence dating of quartz and feldspar in the sediments (Singhvi and Krbetschek, 1996), is available for the late Quaternary period only. The number of sites explored systematically for such purposes is, however, limited. Therefore, the spatio-temporal resolution of the derived chronology of events is coarse, and needs improvement. So far the majority of older surviving Quaternary deposits have been found to be a mixture of sand and gravel. Signatures like cross-bedded gravel-and-pebble-rich sediments over many of the Tertiary/ pre-Tertiary sequences in the western part of the desert suggest a wetter climate during the transition from Tertiary to Quaternary period, with high intensity rainfall that was responsible for such high energy fluvial deposition. Wadhawan (1988), Raghav (1992), Dhir et al. (1994), Wadhawan and Kumar (1996), and Rakshit and Sundaram (1998) have described typical Quaternary litho-stratigraphy from different parts of the desert and its eastern fringe. A summary is provided in Singhvi and Kar (1992). At many places the lowermost conglomerates consist of boulders and gravels of quartzite and other metamorphics of Aravalli provenance, as also granites, gneisses and sedimentaries from within the desert. However, considerable discordance was found in the sedimentation pattern, which provoked Wadhawan and Sural (1992) to suggest that the sedimentation took place Quaternary Geomorphic Processes and Landform Development in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan 227 in four different neotectonically disturbed linear sub-basins, named as ‘Shahgarh- Kishangarh’, ‘Sanchor-Shergarh-Dechu’, ‘Merta-Degana-Jayal-Didwana’ and ‘Bikaner-Churu-Ganganagar’. They opined that a series of NE-SW trending horst and graben structures was responsible for controlling the origin, configuration and development of these sub-basins of Quaternary deposition. These supposed sub-basins are, however, different from those which controlled the pre-Quaternary depositional pattern in the region, and which were described by Dasgupta and Chandra (1978). Although the early Quaternary deposits at many places were found to contain fine to medium sand of possible aeolian provenance, the paucity of purely aeolian strata within or below the conglomerate deposits, and a sharp contact with the underlying Pre-Cambrian or Tertiary beds still intrigue researchers about the subaerial processes which preceded the early Quaternary fluvial activity. Only on rare occasions the contact with basement is in the form of aeolian sand deposits, as for example near Osian (60 km N of Jodhpur) where the Pre-Cambrian Jodhpur Sandstone of Marwar Supergroup is followed upwards by a slightly lithified, fine aeolian sand, and then by the calcreted sand and gravel. It is possible that aeolian deposits of earlier dry phases in the desert were mostly reworked and mixed with fluvial sand and gravel during a prolonged and intense wet phase sometime during the early part of the Quaternary, which resulted
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aeolian Processes and Landforms
    Aeolian Processes and Landforms Ms. Deithra L. Archie, New Mexico State University Abstract I will present an overview of Aeolian processes and landforms on Mars. The overview will consist of two components. Component one is an overview of Aeolian processes and landforms on Earth and Mars, where the two planetary bodies are shown in Figures 1a and 1b respectively The second part of this paper will consist of image comparisons using satellite and MOC (Mars Orbiter Camera) images. Figure 1a Figure 1b Introduction Understanding the aeolian activity on the planet Mars and other planets begins with the study and knowledge of similar processes on Earth. Therefore, I will discuss the following: wind, particle entrainment and landforms found in the aeolian environment. This discussion will lead into my later discussion of the Martian sand seas and sand dunes. See Table 1 for a glossary of the terms used throughout this paper. In aeolian processes, wind transports and deposits particles of sediment. Aeolian features form in areas where wind is the primary source of erosion. The particles deposited are of sand, silt and clay size (see Table 2). The particles are entrained in by one of four processes. Creep is when a particle rolls or slides across the surface. Lift is when a particle rises off the surface due to the Bernoulli effect, the same mechanism which causes aircraft to rise. If the airflow is turbulent, larger particles are trajected by a process known as saltation. Finally, impact transport occurs which one particle strikes another causing the second particle to move. Erosional Landforms Wind eroded landforms are rarely preserved on the surface of the Earth except in arid regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Jawai Dam (Pic:Ra11hh0039)
    DAM REHABILITATION AND IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (DRIP) PHASE II (Funded by World Bank) JAWAI DAM (PIC:RA11HH0039) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN August 2020 Office of Additional Chief Engineer Water Resources Department Government of Rajasthan Water Resources Zone, Jodhpur-342304 E-mail: [email protected] 1 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW AND FINDINGS OF ESDD.................................................. 6 1.1. PROJECT OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 6 1.2. OBJECTIVE AND CONTEXT OF ESMP............................................................................................ 6 1.3. SUB PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................... 7 1.4. PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS/ ACTIVITIES AND INTENDED OUTCOMES ......................................... 7 1.5. ESDD FINDINGS AND KEY IMPACTS TO BE ADDRESSED ................................................................ 8 CHAPTER 2: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLANS .................................. 10 2.1 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE OR SEA/SH RELATED ACTIONS (ESS1) ............................................... 10 2.2 LABOUR MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE (ESS2) ............................................................................ 10 2.2.1 Overview of labor use in the project .......................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Assessment of Key Potential Risks ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dam Break Analysis of JAWAI Dam PALI, Rajasthan Using HEC-RAS
    IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 17, Issue 2 Ser. I (Mar - Apr 2020), PP 43-52 www.iosrjournals.org Dam Break Analysis of JAWAI Dam PALI, Rajasthan Using HEC-RAS Ankush kumar Gupta1, Ishu Narang2, Pooja Goyal3 (Assistant Professor, MBM Engineering College,Jodhpur) (Junior Engineer, PHED Rajasthan) (Assistant Engineer, Nagar Parishad, Bhilwara) Abstract: Due to old methods of construction dam was under designed and with use of poor materials of construction it is prone to collapse due to aging. Moreover the magnitude of peak floods to be used for the spillway design was based upon rough estimates which do not according to the modern estimates of extreme floods as suggested by experts of the International committee on large dams and the seismic potential was also under- estimated thus there are more chances for the dam to failure and such an accident will result in economic loss of states which mainly depends on river water. So keeping these points in mind an analysis of Jawai dam failure which is situated in Sumerpur town of Pali district Rajasthan and built in 1957 by Raja Umaid Singh has been done with the help of HEC-RAS to get the breach characteristics of dam and with the help of Arc-GIS and HEC-GeoRAS inundation mapping is made of downstream area of dam so that proper hazard prevention and mitigation measures can be taken at the time of such an accident and economic losses can be reduced.And results shown by HEC-RAS describe that for PMF 7267.34 m3/s, maximum stage will be 243.89 meter upto 7 km downstream and from there it reduces to 133.38 meter and it ahead it little varies .from the above results it is proved that flow area is different for different cross section, near the dam flow area is 101697 to approximately 12000 square meter and from 7 km downstream it suddenly reduces to 25929.12 to approximately 15000 square meter area.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality, Soil Characteristics and Vegetation Diversity Along E Uent
    Water Quality, Soil Characteristics and Vegetation Diversity Along Euent-dominated Rivers in Western Rajasthan, India Genda Singh ( [email protected] ) Arid Forest Research Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8056-7976 P.R. Nagora Arid Forest Research Institute Parul Haksar Arid Forest Research Institute Deepak Mishra Arid Forest Research Institute Research Article Keywords: Arid region, industrial euents, micro-habitats, plant diversity, soil characteristics Posted Date: June 3rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-561330/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/27 Abstract This study aimed at analysing water quality of euent-dominated seasonal rivers and its impacts on soil and vegetation. Euent-inicted, river-edge and non-polluted areas were selected at 5 places along Luni, Bandi and Jojari rivers in western Rajasthan. Water of rivers exhibited high pH (7.6-8.6), electrical conductivity (EC 2.45-38.3 dSm-1), total dissolved and suspended solids, alkalinity and Na (1.50-30.00 gL-1), K, Ca and Mn (25.2-2439.3 µgL- 1 -1 -1 -1 ) concentrations and low NH4-N (1.08-20.69 mgL ), NO3-N (0.44-9.10 mgL ) and PO4-P (3.10-13.40 mgL ). Most variables were highest for Luni and lowest for Bandi River. Cu, Co, Se, Cd and Pb concentrations were <180 µgL-1. Soil pH, EC and PO4-P were highest along Bandi, whereas NH4-N, NO3-N and K were highest along Jojari River in both 0-30 and 30-60 cm soil layers.
    [Show full text]
  • District Survey Report of Pali District
    DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF PALI DISTRICT 1.INTRODUCTION Pali District has an area of 12387 km². The district lies between 24° 45' and 26° 29' north latitudes and 72°47' and 74°18' east longitudes. The Great Aravali hills link Pali district with Ajmer, Rajsamand, Udaipur and Sirohi Districts. Western Rajasthan's famous river Luni and its tributaries Jawai, Mithadi, Sukadi, Bandi and Guhiabala flows through Pali district. The Largest dams of this area Jawai Dam and Sardar Samand Dam are also located in Pali district. While plains of this district are 180 to 500 meters above sea level, Pali city the district headquarter, is situated at 212 meters above sea level. While the highest point of Aravali hills in the district measures 1099 meters, the famous Ranakpur temples are situated in the footsteps of Aravalis. Parashuram Mahadev temple, a place of worship for millions of devotees of Lord Shiva, is also located in the Pali district on the hights of aravali range. District is well connected by rail i.e., Delhi- Ahemdabad section of North-Western Railway and Jodhpur-Marwar section of North-Western Railway. A net-work of roads is spread over the district connecting many villages and important cities of Rajasthan like Jodhpur, Jaipur Ajmer, Sirohi, Udaipur etc. 2.OVER VIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT. The mineral wealth of the district is largely non metallic. The chemical grade limestone, Quartz, Feldspar and Calcite produced in the district is also known for their quality. Other minerals are Asbestos, Soap stone, Magnesite, Gypsum, Marble and Barytes. The district has substantial resources of Quartz feldspar, Asbestos.
    [Show full text]
  • Last Glacial Aeolian Landforms and Deposits in the Rhône Valley
    Last Glacial aeolian landforms and deposits in the Rhône Valley (SE France): Spatial distribution and grain-size characterization Mathieu Bosq, Pascal Bertran, Jean-Philippe Degeai, Sebastian Kreutzer, Alain Queffelec, Olivier Moine, Eymeric Morin To cite this version: Mathieu Bosq, Pascal Bertran, Jean-Philippe Degeai, Sebastian Kreutzer, Alain Queffelec, et al.. Last Glacial aeolian landforms and deposits in the Rhône Valley (SE France): Spatial dis- tribution and grain-size characterization. Geomorphology, Elsevier, 2018, 318, pp.250 - 269. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.06.010. hal-01844757 HAL Id: hal-01844757 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01844757 Submitted on 16 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Last Glacial aeolian landforms and deposits in the Rhône Valley (SE France): Spatial distribution and grain-size characterization Mathieu Bosqa, Pascal Bertrana,b, Jean-Philippe Degeaic, Sebastian Kreutzerd, Alain Queffeleca, Olivier Moinee, Eymeric Morinf,g a PACEA, UMR 5199 CNRS - Université Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, allée Geoffroy
    [Show full text]
  • Oil and Gas Exploration: a Study for Desert Area Development of Rajasthan
    © 2019 IJRAR March 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) Oil and Gas Exploration: A Study for Desert Area Development of Rajasthan Pushpa Kumari*; Dr. O. P Devasi** *Research scholar, department of geography, Jai Narain University, Jodhpur ** Associate Professor, department of geography, Government College, Jodhpur Natural oil is one of major energy resources on earth. Past experience shows that oil and gas exploration leads to a multi dimensional development of the region. With this viewpoint, it is necessary to examine that recent oil and gas exploration in the Barmer District of Rajasthan and its impact on desert area Development of the region with special reference to employment generation and sectoral mobilization aspects. New set of employment opportunities, sectoral mobilization, infrastructure development, and industrial land service sectoral development, education and training needs are the key development priorities after oil and gas finding. These would have great impact on the Development of desert area. Rajasthan based oil exploration in the Barmer region which is the biggest onshore oil finding in India, along with a proposal of establishing a refinery in the region is expected to have the biggest oil related canvas in the country. As same such big companies like Cairn India, JSW, RAJWEST, and ONGC occurs in the region which leads to vast employment generation. This paper will study the development pattern of Oil and Gas exploration and its impact on Development of desert area. Key words: Oil and Gas, Desert, Development, Exploration, Employment, Sectoral Mobilization etc. 1. INTRODUCTION: The Thar Desert as a ecosystem is endowed with a variety of landforms with have been evolved through geomorphic processes over a period of time.
    [Show full text]
  • Doi: 10.1103/Physreve.84.031304
    ChinaXiv合作期刊 J Arid Land (2019) 11(5): 701–712 https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s40333-019-0108-4 Science Press Springer-Verlag Wind regime for long-ridge yardangs in the Qaidam Basin, Northwest China GAO Xuemin1,2,3*, DONG Zhibao4, DUAN Zhenghu1, LIU Min5, CUI Xujia5, LI Jiyan5,6 1 Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3 School of Tourism and Public Administration, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China; 4 School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China; 5 School of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China; 6 Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Environment and Resources in Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China Abstract: Yardangs are typical aeolian erosion landforms, which are attracting more and more attention of geomorphologists and geologists for their various morphology and enigmatic formation mechanisms. In order to clarify the aeolian environments that influence the development of long-ridge yardangs in the northwestern Qaidam Basin of China, the present research investigated the winds by installing wind observation tower in the field. We found that the sand-driving winds mainly blow from the north-northwest, northwest and north, and occur the most frequent in summer, because the high temperature increases atmospheric instability and leads to downward momentum transfer and active local convection during these months. The annual drift potential and the ratio of resultant drift potential indicate that the study area pertains to a high-energy wind environment and a narrow unimodal wind regime.
    [Show full text]
  • Transverse Aeolian Ridges on Mars: First Results from Hirise Images
    Geomorphology 121 (2010) 22–29 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Transverse Aeolian Ridges on Mars: First results from HiRISE images James R. Zimbelman ⁎ Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, MRC 315, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, United States article info abstract Article history: Three images obtained by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) were analyzed for the Received 11 July 2008 information they could provide regarding Transverse Aeolian Ridges (TARs) on Mars. TARs from five locations Received in revised form 23 February 2009 in a HiRISE image of the floor of Ius Chasma show remarkably symmetric (cross-sectional) profiles, with Accepted 26 May 2009 average slopes for the entire feature of ~15°; these results apply to TARs that span an order of magnitude in Available online 2 June 2009 wavelength and a factor of 6 in height. A HiRISE image of Gamboa impact crater in the northern lowlands shows low albedo sand patches b2 m high that are covered with sand ripples, surrounded by larger TAR-like Keywords: fi Sand ripples that are very similar in pro le to surveyed granule ripples on Earth. TARs in a HiRISE image from Terra Dune Sirenum, in the cratered southern highlands, are comparable in height to those in Ius Chasma, but many have Ripple tapered extensions that are more consistent with them being erosional remnants rather than the result of Granule ripple extension of the TAR by deposition from the tapered end. The new observations generally support a reversing Topography transverse dune origin for TARs with heights ≥1 m, and a granule ripple origin for TAR-like ripples with Transverse dune heights ≤0.5 m.
    [Show full text]
  • For Bajri/Sand Mine Leases in the State of Rajasthan
    Scientific Replenishment Study of Bajri/Sand Mine Leases in Rajasthan [CMPDI Job No. – 091017026] SCIENTIFIC REPLENISHMENT STUDY FOR BAJRI/SAND MINE LEASES IN THE STATE OF RAJASTHAN [Phase-II Report] Job No. 091017026 February, 2018 1 Scientific Replenishment Study of Bajri/Sand Mine Leases in Rajasthan [CMPDI Job No. – 091017026] CONTENTS Sl. No. Chapter Particulars Page No. 1 Chapter-I Introduction 4-9 2 Chapter-II Project Description 10-81 3 Chapter-III Literature Survey& Methodology 82-96 4 Chapter-IV Data Collection, Analysis and Estimation of 97-116 Replenishment 5 Chapter-V Conclusion and Recommendations 117-118 LIST OF FIGURES Sl. No. Figure Particulars Page No. 1 Figure-3.1 Field Survey in the Mine leases 88 2 Figure-3.2 Installation of Observation Points in the Mine 89 leases 3 Figure-3.3 A view of the Sand Mining Lease 89 4 Figure-3.4 Field survey and installation of observation points 90 in mine leases 5 Figure-3.5 Field survey and installation of observation points 91 in mine leases 6 Figure-3.6 Field survey and installation of observation points 92 in mine leases 7 Figure-3.7 Field survey and installation of observation points 93 in mine leases 8 Figure-3.8 Field survey and installation of observation points 94 in mine leases 9 Figure-3.9 Field survey and installation of observation points 95 in mine leases 10 Figure-4.1 Drainage map of study area showing Banas River 100 11 Figure-4.2 Drainage map of study area showing Luni River 101 12 Figure-4.3 River Banas, Tonk 102 13 Figure-4.4 Bajri/sand deposition in the river Banas, Tonk 103 14 Figure-4.5 Watershed Area determination of Ajmer Lease 104 through Remote Sensing 15 Figure-4.6 Watershed Area determination of Kekri Lease 106 through Remote Sensing 2 Scientific Replenishment Study of Bajri/Sand Mine Leases in Rajasthan [CMPDI Job No.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download Rajasthan GK
    ambitiousbaba.com Online Test Series Best Online Test Series Site for All State Government Jobs Patwari , Police SI , Police Constable 1 etc ambitiousbaba.com Online Test Series Rajasthan GK Index No. of Topic Topics Name Topic 1 Rajasthan Intro Topic 2 History of Rajasthan Topic 3 Geography of Rajasthan Topic 4 Rajasthan Economy Topic 5 Agriculture in Rajasthan Topic 6 Industry and Minerals in Rajasthan Topic 7 Irrigation in Rajasthan Topic 8 Power in Rajasthan Topic 9 Transport in Rajasthan Topic 10 Tourist Centres in Rajasthan Topic 11 Fairs and Festivals in Rajasthan Topic 12 Lokayukta of Rajasthan Topic 13 Nickname of Rajasthan’s City Topic 14 Important Tribes of Rajasthan Topic 15 List of Lake In Rajasthan Topic 16 List of River in Rajasthan Topic 17 List of Temple in Rajasthan Topic 18 Folk Dance In Rajasthan Topic 19 Dam In Rajasthan Topic 20 National Park In Rajasthan Topic 21 Wildlife Sanctuary In Rajasthan Topic 22 List of Thermal Power Plant In Rajasthan Topic 23 List of Solar Power Plant In Rajasthan Topic 24 List of Nuclear Power Plant In Rajasthan Topic 25 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Rajasthan Best Online Test Series Site for All State Government Jobs Patwari , Police SI , Police Constable 2 etc ambitiousbaba.com Online Test Series Topic 1: Rajasthan Intro Capital (राजधानी ) Jaipur Formation (ननर्ााण) 30 March 1949 Total Area 342,239 km2 (132,139 sq mi) (कुल क्षेत्रफल) Area Rank (क्षेत्र रℂक) 1st Population (जनसंख्या) 68,548,437 Population rank 7th (जनसंख्या रℂक) Density (घनत्व) 200/km2 (520/sq mi) Literacy Rate 66.11% (साक्षरता दर )(%) Sex Ratio 928(F)/1000(M) Legislative Assembly 200 Seats (निधान सभा) Lower House 25 Seats (लोक सभा) Upper House 10 Seats (राजसभा) Number of Districts 33 (नजलों) Language (भाषा) Hindi, Malvi, Dhundhari,Marwari,Dhundhari, Harauti Stadium (स्टेनियर्) Barkatullah Khan Stadium (Jodhpur), SawaiMansingh Stadium (Jaipur) Desert Thar Desert is also known as the Great Indian Desert.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity in Thar Desert and Its Role in Sustainable Agriculture M
    103 DOI : 10.33451/florafauna.v25i2pp103-120 FLORA AND FAUNA ISSN 2456 - 9364 (Online) 2019 Vol. 25 No. 2 PP 103-120 ISSN 0971 - 6920 (Print) Biodiversity in Thar Desert and its Role in Sustainable Agriculture M. M. Roy* and Sharmila Roy *ICAR - Central Arid Zone Research Institute, JODHPUR (Raj.) 342001 ICAR- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, LUCKNOW (UP) 226017 *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Received : 18.09.2019; Accepted : 21.10.2019 ABSTRACT The country has both hot and cold deserts. The Thar Desert, seventh largest desert in the world, harbors several species that have adapted themselves to survive in the harsh desert conditions. The floral diversity includes 682 species (63 introduced species), belonging to 352 genera and 87 families. The degree of endemism of plant species in the Thar Desert is 6.4 percent, which is relatively higher than the degree of endemism in the world famous Sahara desert. The faunal diversity represents 755 invertebrate and 440 vertebrate species, including 140 bird and 41 mammalian species and the only known population of the Asiatic wild ass. It is highlighted that sustainable use and management of this biodiversity is necessary to support human and livestock needs besides conservation. The strategy should be such that it is supported by public. Figure : 01 References : 68 Tables : 08 KEY WORDS : Desert ecosystem, Forests, Grasslands, Livestock, Management, Wildlife Introduction all sources and the ecological complexes of which they India is having a critical blend of tradition and are a part- including diversity within species, between 66 modernity. Apart from being one of the oldest civilizations species and of ecosystems .
    [Show full text]