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Estudio Palinológico Y Palinofacies Del Jurásico Medio Y Tardío De La Provincia De Chubut: Sistemática, Bioestratigrafía Y Paleoecología”

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Estudio Palinológico Y Palinofacies Del Jurásico Medio Y Tardío De La Provincia De Chubut: Sistemática, Bioestratigrafía Y Paleoecología” UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL SUR TESIS DE DOCTOR EN GEOLOGÍA “Estudio palinológico y palinofacies del Jurásico Medio y Tardío de la Provincia de Chubut: Sistemática, Bioestratigrafía y Paleoecología” Lic. Daniela Olivera BAHÍA BLANCA ARGENTINA 2012 Prefacio Esta Tesis se presenta como parte de los requisitos para optar al grado Académico de Doctora en Geología, de la Universidad Nacional del Sur y no ha sido presentada previamente para la obtención de otro título en esta Universidad u otra. La misma contiene los resultados obtenidos en investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el Laboratorio de Palinología dependiente del Departamento de Geología-INGEOSUR, durante el período comprendido entre el 5 de mayo de 2009 y el 17 de agosto de 2012, bajo la dirección de la Dra. Ana María Zavattieri Investigadora Independiente del CONICET y la codirección de la Dra. Mirta Elena Quattrocchio Investigador Superior del CONICET. Daniela Elizabeth Olivera UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL SUR Secretaría General de Posgrado y Educación Continua La presente tesis ha sido aprobada el .…/.…/.….. , mereciendo la calificación de ......(……………………) I A mis afectos II AGRADECIMIENTOS A mis directoras, Dras. Ana Zavattieri y Mirta Quattrocchio por el apoyo brindado en todo momento, no solo desde lo académico, sino también desde lo personal, incentivándome constantemente a no bajar los brazos y continuar, aún cuando las circunstancias no siempre fueron las ideales. Sobre todo y ante todo, les doy las gracias por creer en mi. Agradezco a la Lic. Lorena Mussotto, compañera de oficina y amiga, con quien hemos transitado este camino, apoyándonos tanto desde lo académico como desde lo afectivo. Le doy las gracias a mi gran amiga y colega la Dra. Soledad Candel por estar siempre presente, para resolver cualquier duda y sobre todo para escuchar y comprender. Agradezco al Lic. Gustavo Azua, a los Dres. Juan José Ponce y Noelia Carmona por su apoyo incondicional en todo momento, por su amistad y cariño y a todo el grupo del Laboratorio de Palinología de la Universidad Nacional del Sur/INGEOSUR. Agradezco al Dr. Ignacio Escapa, a quien tuve el placer de conocer en mi primer trabajo de campo en la Cuenca de Cañadón Asfalto y quien desde entonces ha acompañado mi proceso de aprendizaje, leyendo distintos capítulos, realizando sugerencias y sobre todo alentando el desarrollo de esta tesis. Agradezco al Dr. Rubén Cúneo por haberme dado la oportunidad de emprender este camino y a la Agencia Nacional para la Promoción de la Ciencia y la Tecnología por el financiado de beca doctoral, al Departamento de Geología-INGEOSUR, al Laboratorio de Paleopalinología del IANIGLA, CCT-CONICET, Mendoza y a las instalaciones del Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio de la ciudad de Trelew. Le doy las gracias a la Lic. Eugenia Soreda por su apoyo durante las campañas, el aporte a esta tesis desde lo sedimentológico y principalmente por haberme brindado su amistad. Agradezco al Dr. Roberto Scasso por sus valiosas consideraciones sedimentológicas y estratigráficas y a todos aquellos que de diferentes maneras han contribuido a la realización de esta tesis. Le doy las gracias a mi familia, sin la que no solo no podría haber realizado este ambicioso proyecto sino ninguno de los que he emprendido a lo largo de mi vida, a mi madre, mis hermanas, mis sobrinos, mi padre y mi abuela quienes forman parte de mi corazón y especialmente a mi hijo, el soporte fundamental de mi existencia. Gracias III además a mis amigas de toda la vida, Silvia, Vanesa, Lorena y Eugenia y a mi “familia” de Torquinst. IV RESUMEN En esta tesis se presentan los resultados surgidos de un detallado análisis palinoestratigráfico y palinofacial de las palinofloras halladas en la Formación Cañadón Asfalto. Los resultados obtenidos constituyen una valiosa herramienta para la compresión de la diversidad vegetal del Jurásico de Patagonia ya que este período marca un momento de cambio drástico en la composición y distribución de la flora mundial hacia el resto del Mesozoico. La información generada a partir de este trabajo representa una oportunidad única para enriquecer y fortalecer los esquemas bioestratigráficos, paleoecológicos y plaeoclimáticos regionales. La Formación Cañadón Asfalto posee los afloramientos más característicos en el depocentro Cerro Cóndor, valle medio del río Chubut. Sobreyace a la Formación Lonco Trapial (Jurásico Temprano) compuesta por vulcanitas mesosilícicas y es sucedida discordantemente por las sedimentitas y piroclastitas de la Formación Cañadón Calcáreo (Jurásico Tardío). Está formada por escasos estratos conglomerádicos, abundantes areniscas, pelitas, niveles de calizas biogénicas, tobas e intercalaciones basálticas. Para la presente tesis se describieron y muestrearon 3 perfiles, dos en la Quebrada Lahuincó (A y B) al sur de la localidad de Cerro Cóndor y otro al norte de la misma en el Cañadón Caracoles. Fueron identificados 72 taxones entre los cuales 25 corresponden a especies de esporas antoceratofitas (Anthocerotaceae), briófitas (Sphagnaceae) y traquéofitas (Marattiaceae, Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Osmundaceae, Schizaeaceae y filicopsidas indiferenciadas), 41 especies de granos de polen principalmente de Coniferales (Araucariaceae, Cheirolepidiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae y ¿Pinaceae-Taxodiaceae?) y en menor medida Pteridospermales (?Corystospermaceae, Caytoniaceae), además de algas clorófitas y charófitas y una especie de hongo. De ellas, 8 especies se citan por primera vez para Argentina. La palinoflora está ampliamente dominada por polen de Cheirolepidiaceae, seguido por polen de Araucariaceae y en menor proporción de Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae y Pteridospermales. Las esporas de briófitas y pteridófitas constituyen una porción menor V y las algas, son relevantes en algunos niveles en la base de la unidad (Perfil Cañadón Lahuincó “A”). El análisis de las palinofacies en ambos perfiles sugiere una posición próxima al área de aporte terrestre con fuerte evidencia de la instauración del sistema lacustre en el perfil Cañadón Lahuincó “A” en el cual las asociaciones monoespecíficas de colonias de Botryococcus son comunes en varios de los niveles analizados. La distribución estratigráfica de las especies reconocidas en la Formación Cañadón Asfalto (determinación de FAD y LAD) permitió la asignación de los niveles estudiados. Con tal fin se correlacionaron los taxones relevantes con las biozonas establecidas por Quattrocchio et al. (1996) para la Cuenca Neuquina que permiten asignar la unidad en la localidad estudiada al rango Toarciano tardío-Bajociano tardío. En conclusión, la asociación identificada indica, para la base aflorante de la Formación Cañadón Asfalto, una edad más antigua que la establecida previamente. Dentro del contexto gondwánico la ubicación de Patagonia en latitudes medias durante este período y la configuración del supercontinente coinciden con el comportamiento de las distintas familias vegetales identificadas en la palinoflora indicando un clima cálido a cálido-templado, marcadamente estacional (monzónico) características que coinciden con la presencia del Bioma Subtropical Estacionalmente Seco (sensu Rees et al., 2000) con veranos algo secos e inviernos húmedos. VI ABSTRACT In this thesis detailed palynostratigraphic and palynofacies analysis obtained from the Cañadón Asfalto palynofloras are presented. The achieved palynological results constitute a valuable tool for the comprehension of the vegetal diversity of the Jurassic of Patagonia due to this Period mark a drastic turnover moment for the composition and distribution of the world flora towards remainder Mesozoic. The information gathered through this work improves and strengthens regional investigations on biostratigraphic, paleoecologic and paleoclimatic matter. The Cañadón Asfalto Formation has its characteristic outcrops in the Cerro Cóndor depocenter along middle Chubut river valley. It lays on the mesosilicic volcanic rocks of the Lonco Trapial Formation (Early Jurassic) and, is overlying discordantly by the sedimentites and pyroclastic rocks of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation (Late Jurassic). This formation consists of scant conglomeratic strata, abundant sandstones, pelites, thick biogenic calcareous levels, tuffs and basaltic intercalations. Three stratigraphic profiles were described and sampled for this work, two in the creek named Quebrada Lahuincó (A and B) at south of the Cerro Condor locality and, the other one at north of that site in the creek called Cañadon Caracoles. Seventy two palynomorphs taxa have been identified during this work, from which 25 are belonging to spore species of anthoceratophytes (Anthocerotaceae), bryophytes (Sphagnaceae) and tracheophytes (Marattiaceae, Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Osmundaceae, Schizaeaceae and un-determined filicopsids), 41 species of pollen grains mainly derived from conifers (Araucariaceae, Cheirolepidiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae and ¿Pinaceae-Taxodiaceae?) and, in lees proportion by Pteridospermales (?Corystospermaceae, Caytoniaceae), besides chlorophytic algae, charophytes and a fungi species. Ten species of them are recorded for the first time for Argentina. The Cañadón Asfalto palynoflora is broadly dominated by Cheirolepidiaceae pollen, follows by Araucariaceae pollen and, in less proportion, by Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae y Pteridospermales pollen grains. Bryophyte and pteridophyte spores are minor constituents while algae have important participation in some levels of the unit base (Cañadón Lahuincó “A” Profile). The palynofacies analysis
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