How Whales Used to Filter: Exceptionally Preserved Baleen in A
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Classification of Mammals 61
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORCHAPTER SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Classification © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 4 NOT FORof SALE MammalsOR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 2ND PAGES 9781284032093_CH04_0060.indd 60 8/28/13 12:08 PM CHAPTER 4: Classification of Mammals 61 © Jones Despite& Bartlett their Learning,remarkable success, LLC mammals are much less© Jones stress & onBartlett the taxonomic Learning, aspect LLCof mammalogy, but rather as diverse than are most invertebrate groups. This is probably an attempt to provide students with sufficient information NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORattributable SALE OR to theirDISTRIBUTION far greater individual size, to the high on the various kinds of mammals to make the subsequent energy requirements of endothermy, and thus to the inabil- discussions of mammalian biology meaningful. -
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A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans Robert W. BOESSENECKER Department of Geology, University of Otago, 360 Leith Walk, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 (New Zealand) and Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University 200 Traphagen Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59715 (USA) and University of California Museum of Paleontology 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720 (USA) [email protected] Boessenecker R. W. 2013. — A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans. Geodiversitas 35 (4): 815-940. http://dx.doi.org/g2013n4a5 ABSTRACT e newly discovered Upper Miocene to Upper Pliocene San Gregorio assem- blage of the Purisima Formation in Central California has yielded a diverse collection of 34 marine vertebrate taxa, including eight sharks, two bony fish, three marine birds (described in a previous study), and 21 marine mammals. Pinnipeds include the walrus Dusignathus sp., cf. D. seftoni, the fur seal Cal- lorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei, and indeterminate otariid bones. Baleen whales include dwarf mysticetes (Herpetocetus bramblei Whitmore & Barnes, 2008, Herpetocetus sp.), two right whales (cf. Eubalaena sp. 1, cf. Eubalaena sp. 2), at least three balaenopterids (“Balaenoptera” cortesi “var.” portisi Sacco, 1890, cf. Balaenoptera, Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet.) and a new species of rorqual (Balaenoptera bertae n. sp.) that exhibits a number of derived features that place it within the genus Balaenoptera. is new species of Balaenoptera is relatively small (estimated 61 cm bizygomatic width) and exhibits a comparatively nar- row vertex, an obliquely (but precipitously) sloping frontal adjacent to vertex, anteriorly directed and short zygomatic processes, and squamosal creases. -
List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies
List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies Introduction The Committee on Taxonomy, chaired by Patricia Rosel, produced the first official Society for Marine Mammalogy list of marine mammal species and subspecies in 2010. Consensus on some issues has not been possible; this is reflected in the footnotes. The list is updated at least annually. The current version was updated in May 2020. This list can be cited as follows: “Committee on Taxonomy. 2019. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on [date].” This list includes living and recently extinct (within historical times) species and subspecies. It is meant to reflect prevailing usage and recent revisions published in the peer-reviewed literature. Classification and scientific names follow Rice (1998), with adjustments reflecting more recent literature. Author(s) and year of description of each taxon follow the Latin (scientific) species name; when these are enclosed in parentheses, the taxon was originally described in a different genus. The Committee annually considers and evaluates new, peer-reviewed literature that proposes taxonomic changes. The Committee’s focus is on alpha taxonomy (describing and naming taxa) and beta taxonomy primarily at lower levels of the hierarchy (subspecies, species and genera), although it may evaluate issues at higher levels if deemed necessary. Proposals for new, taxonomically distinct taxa require a formal, peer-reviewed study and should provide robust evidence that some subspecies or species criterion was met. For review of species concepts, see Reeves et al. (2004), Orr and Coyne (2004), de Queiroz (2007), Perrin (2009) and Taylor et al. -
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The triple origin of whales DAVID PETERS Independent Researcher 311 Collinsville Avenue, Collinsville, IL 62234, USA [email protected] 314-323-7776 July 13, 2018 RH: PETERS—TRIPLE ORIGIN OF WHALES Keywords: Cetacea, Mysticeti, Odontoceti, Phylogenetic analyis ABSTRACT—Workers presume the traditional whale clade, Cetacea, is monophyletic when they support a hypothesis of relationships for baleen whales (Mysticeti) rooted on stem members of the toothed whale clade (Odontoceti). Here a wider gamut phylogenetic analysis recovers Archaeoceti + Odontoceti far apart from Mysticeti and right whales apart from other mysticetes. The three whale clades had semi-aquatic ancestors with four limbs. The clade Odontoceti arises from a lineage that includes archaeocetids, pakicetids, tenrecs, elephant shrews and anagalids: all predators. The clade Mysticeti arises from a lineage that includes desmostylians, anthracobunids, cambaytheres, hippos and mesonychids: none predators. Right whales are derived from a sister to Desmostylus. Other mysticetes arise from a sister to the RBCM specimen attributed to Behemotops. Basal mysticetes include Caperea (for right whales) and Miocaperea (for all other mysticetes). Cetotheres are not related to aetiocetids. Whales and hippos are not related to artiodactyls. Rather the artiodactyl-type ankle found in basal archaeocetes is also found in the tenrec/odontocete clade. Former mesonychids, Sinonyx and Andrewsarchus, nest close to tenrecs. These are novel observations and hypotheses of mammal interrelationships based on morphology and a wide gamut taxon list that includes relevant taxa that prior studies ignored. Here some taxa are tested together for the first time, so they nest together for the first time. INTRODUCTION Marx and Fordyce (2015) reported the genesis of the baleen whale clade (Mysticeti) extended back to Zygorhiza, Physeter and other toothed whales (Archaeoceti + Odontoceti). -
SMC 11 Gill 1.Pdf
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 230 ARRANGEMENT FAMILIES OF MAMMALS. WITH ANALYTICAL TABLES. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. BY THEODORE GILL, M.D., Ph.D. WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. NOVEMBER, 1872. ADVERTISEMENT. The following list of families of Mammals, with analytical tables, has been prepared by Dr. Theodore Gill, at the request of the Smithsonian Institution, to serve as a basis for the arrangement of the collection of Mammals in the National Museum ; and as frequent applications for such a list have been received by the Institution, it has been thought advisable to publish it for more extended use. In provisionally adopting this system for the purpose mentioned, the Institution, in accordance with its custom, disclaims all responsibility for any of the hypothetical views upon which it may be based. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary, S. I. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, October, 1872. (iii) CONTENTS. I. List of Families* (including references to synoptical tables) 1-27 Sub-Class (Eutheria) Placentalia s. Monodelpbia (1-121) 1, Super-Order Educabilia (1-73) Order 1. Primates (1-8) Sub-Order Anthropoidea (1-5) " Prosimiae (6-8) Order 2. Ferae (9-27) Sub-Order Fissipedia (9-24) . " Pinnipedia (25-27) Order 3. Ungulata (28-54) Sub-Order Artiodactyli (28-45) " Perissodactyli (46-54) Order 4. Toxodontia (55-56) . Order 5. Hyracoidea (57) Order 6. Proboscidea (58-59) Diverging (Educabilian) series. Order 7. Sirenia' (60-63) Order 8. Cete (64-73) . Sub-Order Zeuglodontia (64-65) " Denticete (66-71) . Mysticete (72-73) . Super-Order Ineducabilia (74-121) Order 9. Chiroptera (74-82) . Sub-Order Aniinalivora (74-81) " Frugivora (82) Order 10. -
Northern Pygmy Right Whales Highlight Quaternary Marine Mammal
Current Biology Magazine B Extant Correspondence A -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 Caperea 0 USNM 358972 Northern pygmy 1 MSNC 4451 USNM MSNC 4451 Northern right whales 2 hemisphere 358972 Pleistocene highlight Quaternary 3 Northern Miocaperea hemisphere marine mammal pulchra 4 glaciation Pliocene interchange Extant Caperea marginata 5 MPEF-PV2572 NMV NMV P161709 6 P161709 Cheng-Hsiu Tsai1,2,15, Alberto 3,4,15 5,6 C 7 Miocaperea Collareta , Erich M.G. Fitzgerald , 30 mm v pulchra 5,7,8, 1,9 a Felix G. Marx *, Naoki Kohno , 8 8,10 11 Mark Bosselaers , Gianni Insacco , Miocene Delicate attachment Agatino Reitano11, Rita Catanzariti12, 9 of anterior process Southern hemisphere 13,14 Masayuki Oishi , Enlarged compound 10 MPEF-PV2572 3 posterior process and Giovanni Bianucci D The pygmy right whale, Caperea 30 mm marginata, is the most enigmatic living whale. Little is known about its ecology and behaviour, but unusual specialisations of visual pigments Prominent [1], mitochondrial tRNAs [2], and Squared anterior 20 mm E border of bulla anteromedial postcranial anatomy [3] suggest a corner lifestyle different from that of other extant whales. Geographically, Caperea Flattened dorsal profile of involucrum represents the only major baleen F L-shaped whale lineage entirely restricted to involucrum the Southern Ocean. Caperea-like fossils, the oldest of which date to the Late Miocene, are exceedingly rare and likewise limited to the Southern Hemisphere [4], despite a more substantial history of fossil Convex medial sampling north of the equator. Two a margin of bulla a new Pleistocene fossils now provide m v unexpected evidence of a brief and relatively recent period in geological Figure 1. -
Looking for the Key to Preservation of Fossil Marine Vertebrates in the Pisco Formation of Peru: New Insights from a Small Dolphin Skeleton
Andean Geology 45 (3): 379-398. September, 2018 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV45n3-3122 www.andeangeology.cl Looking for the key to preservation of fossil marine vertebrates in the Pisco Formation of Peru: new insights from a small dolphin skeleton *Anna Gioncada1, Karen Gariboldi1, Alberto Collareta1,2, Claudio Di Celma3, Giulia Bosio4, Elisa Malinverno4, Olivier Lambert5, Jennifer Pike6, Mario Urbina7, Giovanni Bianucci1 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Dottorato Regionale in Scienze della Terra Pegaso, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy. [email protected] 3 Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy. [email protected] 4 Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, Milan, Italy. [email protected]; [email protected] 5 Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, D.O. Terre et Histoire de la Vie, rue Vautier, 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [email protected] 6 School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, UK. [email protected] 7 Departamento de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avda. Arenales 1256, Lima 14, Perú. [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The upper Neogene Pisco Formation of Peru is known worldwide as one of the most significant Cenozoic marine vertebrate Konservatt-Lagerstätten, even featuring cetacean specimens that retain remains of soft tissues or stomach contents. -
The Taxonomic and Evolutionary History of Fossil and Modern Balaenopteroid Mysticetes
Journal of Mammalian Evolution, Vol. 12, Nos. 1/2, June 2005 (C 2005) DOI: 10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3 The Taxonomic and Evolutionary History of Fossil and Modern Balaenopteroid Mysticetes Thomas A. Demer´ e,´ 1,4 Annalisa Berta,2 and Michael R. McGowen2,3 Balaenopteroids (Balaenopteridae + Eschrichtiidae) are a diverse lineage of living mysticetes, with seven to ten species divided between three genera (Megaptera, Balaenoptera and Eschrichtius). Extant members of the Balaenopteridae (Balaenoptera and Megaptera) are characterized by their engulfment feeding behavior, which is associated with a number of unique cranial, mandibular, and soft anatomical characters. The Eschrichtiidae employ suction feeding, which is associated with arched rostra and short, coarse baleen. The recognition of these and other characters in fossil balaenopteroids, when viewed in a phylogenetic framework, provides a means for assessing the evolutionary history of this clade, including its origin and diversification. The earliest fossil balaenopterids include incomplete crania from the early late Miocene (7–10 Ma) of the North Pacific Ocean Basin. Our preliminary phylogenetic results indicate that the basal taxon, “Megaptera” miocaena should be reassigned to a new genus based on its possession of primitive and derived characters. The late late Miocene (5–7 Ma) balaenopterid record, except for Parabalaenoptera baulinensis and Balaenoptera siberi, is largely undescribed and consists of fossil specimens from the North and South Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean basins. The Pliocene record (2–5 Ma) is very diverse and consists of numerous named, but problematic, taxa from Italy and Belgium, as well as unnamed taxa from the North and South Pacific and eastern North Atlantic Ocean basins. -
Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 216/Thursday, November 7, 2019
Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 216 / Thursday, November 7, 2019 / Notices 60059 Estimated Total Annual Burden DATES: This Authorization is applicable marine mammals by Level B Hours: 6000 hours. from November 3, 2019 through harassment. Neither SIO nor NMFS Estimated Total Annual Cost to November 2, 2020. expects serious injury or mortality to Public: 0. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: result from this activity and, therefore, an IHA is appropriate. IV. Request for Comments Stephanie Egger, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, (301) 427–8401. Description of Planned Activity Comments are invited on: (a) Whether Electronic copies of the application and the proposed collection of information supporting documents, as well as a list SIO plans to conduct low-energy is necessary for the proper performance of the references cited in this document, marine seismic surveys in the South of the functions of the agency, including may be obtained online at: https:// Atlantic Ocean during November- whether the information shall have www.fisheries.noaa.gov/permit/ December 2019. The seismic surveys practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the incidental-take-authorizations-under- would be conducted to understand the agency’s estimate of the burden marine-mammal-protection-act. In case volcanic and tectonic development of (including hours and cost) of the of problems accessing these documents, Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise in the proposed collection of information; (c) please call the contact listed above. South Atlantic Ocean. The seismic ways to enhance the quality, utility, and SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: surveys would be conducted in clarity of the information to be International Waters with water depths collected; and (d) ways to minimize the Background ranging from approximately 500 to 5700 burden of the collection of information The MMPA prohibits the ‘‘take’’ of m. -
A New Species of Middle Miocene Baleen Whale from the Nupinai Group, Hikatagawa Formation of Hokkaido, Japan
A new species of Middle Miocene baleen whale from the Nupinai Group, Hikatagawa Formation of Hokkaido, Japan Yoshihiro Tanaka1,2,3, Tatsuro Ando4 and Hiroshi Sawamura4 1 Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka, Japan 2 Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo, Japan 3 Numata Fossil Museum, Hokkaido, Japan 4 Ashoro Museum of Paleontology, Hokkaido, Japan ABSTRACT A fossil whale from the Hikatagawa Formation (Middle Miocene, 15.2–11.5 Ma) of Hokkaido, Japan is described as a new genus and species Taikicetus inouei and its phylogenetic position is examined. Consistent with the result of Marx, Lambert & de Muizon (2017), the Cetotheriidae form a clade with the Balaenopteroidea, and “a clade comprising Isanacetus, Parietobalaena and related taxa” is located basal to the Balaenopteroidea + Cetotheriidae clade. Taikicetus inouei is placed in the clade with most of members of “Cetotheres” sensu lato comprising Isanacetus, Parietobalaena and related taxa. Taikicetus inouei can be distinguished from the other members of “Cetotheres” sensu lato in having an anteriorly swollen short zygomatic process, high triangular coronoid process, and angular process, which does not reach as far posterior as the mandibular condyle. Taikicetus inouei is only record of “Cetotheres” sensu lato from Hokkaido, Japan and the northern-most records of “Cetotheres” sensu lato in Japan. Subjects Evolutionary Studies, Paleontology Keywords Fossil, Baleen whale, New genus, New species, Mysticeti Submitted 27 February 2018 INTRODUCTION Accepted 18 May 2018 Published 26 June 2018 The systematics of the Cetotheriidae have been controversial. The family Cetotheriidae Corresponding author was originally established by Brandt (1872) with limited use until Miller (1923) stated the Yoshihiro Tanaka, context of Cetotheriidae as “Cetotherium and related genera” without defining the [email protected] contents. -
The Biology of Marine Mammals
Romero, A. 2009. The Biology of Marine Mammals. The Biology of Marine Mammals Aldemaro Romero, Ph.D. Arkansas State University Jonesboro, AR 2009 2 INTRODUCTION Dear students, 3 Chapter 1 Introduction to Marine Mammals 1.1. Overture Humans have always been fascinated with marine mammals. These creatures have been the basis of mythical tales since Antiquity. For centuries naturalists classified them as fish. Today they are symbols of the environmental movement as well as the source of heated controversies: whether we are dealing with the clubbing pub seals in the Arctic or whaling by industrialized nations, marine mammals continue to be a hot issue in science, politics, economics, and ethics. But if we want to better understand these issues, we need to learn more about marine mammal biology. The problem is that, despite increased research efforts, only in the last two decades we have made significant progress in learning about these creatures. And yet, that knowledge is largely limited to a handful of species because they are either relatively easy to observe in nature or because they can be studied in captivity. Still, because of television documentaries, ‘coffee-table’ books, displays in many aquaria around the world, and a growing whale and dolphin watching industry, people believe that they have a certain familiarity with many species of marine mammals (for more on the relationship between humans and marine mammals such as whales, see Ellis 1991, Forestell 2002). As late as 2002, a new species of beaked whale was being reported (Delbout et al. 2002), in 2003 a new species of baleen whale was described (Wada et al. -
List of Marine Mammal Species & Subspecies
List of Marine Mammal Species & Subspecies The Committee on Taxonomy, chaired by Bill Perrin, produced the first official Society for Marine Mammalogy list of marine mammal species and subspecies in 2010 . Consensus on some issues was not possible; this is reflected in the footnotes. The list is updated annually. This version was updated in October 2015. This list can be cited as follows: “Committee on Taxonomy. 2015. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on [date].” This list includes living and recently extinct (within historical times) species and subspecies, named and un-named. It is meant to reflect prevailing usage and recent revisions published in the peer-reviewed literature. An un-named subspecies is included if author(s) of a peer-reviewed article stated explicitly that the form is likely an undescribed subspecies. The Committee omits some described species and subspecies because of concern about their biological distinctness; reservations are given below. Author(s) and year of description of the species follow the Latin species name; when these are enclosed in parentheses, the species was originally described in a different genus. Classification and scientific names follow Rice (1998), with adjustments reflecting more recent literature. Common names are arbitrary and change with time and place; one or two currently frequently used names in English and/or a range language are given here. Additional English common names and common names in French, Spanish, Russian and other languages are available at www.marinespecies.org/cetacea/. Species and subspecies are listed in alphabetical order within families.