Reconfigured Geographies of Timber and Acoustic Guitar Manufacturing
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University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities 2016 Resource-sensitive global production networks: reconfigured geographies of timber and acoustic guitar manufacturing Christopher R. Gibson University of Wollongong, [email protected] Andrew T. Warren University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/sspapers Part of the Education Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Gibson, Christopher R. and Warren, Andrew T., "Resource-sensitive global production networks: reconfigured geographies of timber and acoustic guitar manufacturing" (2016). Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers. 2538. https://ro.uow.edu.au/sspapers/2538 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Resource-sensitive global production networks: reconfigured geographies of timber and acoustic guitar manufacturing Abstract This article examines how resource materiality, scarcity, and evolving international environmental regulation shape global production networks (GPNs). Nature-facing elements, including resource scarcity and environmental regulation, have seldom featured in GPN analysis. So, too, GPN analysis emphasizes spatial relations between network actors over temporal change. We extend GPN theorization through a temporal analysis of industrial change, connecting manufacturing to upstream resource materialities and shifting regulation, and to downstream consumers increasingly concerned with provenance and material stewardship. To illustrate, we document a resource-sensitive GPN-acoustic guitar manufacturing-where scarcity of select raw materials (tonewoods) with material qualities of resonance, strength, and beauty, as well as tighter regulation, has spawned shifting economic geographies of new actors who influence the whole GPN. Such actors include specialist extraction firms, salvagers, traders, verification consultants, and customs agents who innovate in procurement and raw material supply risk management. Traditional large guitar manufacturing firms have struggled with regulation and securing consistent resource supply, although smaller lead manufacturing firms have creatively responded via novel procurement methods and marketing, developing closely bound, iterative relationships with specialist timber harvesters, traders, and with emotionally attached consumers. A cohort of tonewood supply firms and guitar manufacturers- especially in Australia, the Pacific Northwest and Canada, key locations of both resource and design expertise-have together altered material stewardship practices and commodity production. Niche strategies derive exchange value from rarity and resource innovation, embracing raw material variability, inconsistent supply, and the need for alternatives. How firms adapt ot resource supply security risks, we argue, is an imperative question for GPN analysis. Keywords resource, timber, sensitive, acoustic, guitar, manufacturing, global, production, networks, reconfigured, geographies Disciplines Education | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Gibson, C. & Warren, A. (2016). Resource-sensitive global production networks: reconfigured geographies of timber and acoustic guitar manufacturing. Economic Geography, 92 (4), 430-454. This journal article is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow.edu.au/sspapers/2538 Economic Geography ISSN: 0013-0095 (Print) 1944-8287 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/recg20 Resource-Sensitive Global Production Networks: Reconfigured Geographies of Timber and Acoustic Guitar Manufacturing Chris Gibson & Andrew Warren To cite this article: Chris Gibson & Andrew Warren (2016) Resource-Sensitive Global Production Networks: Reconfigured Geographies of Timber and Acoustic Guitar Manufacturing, Economic Geography, 92:4, 430-454, DOI: 10.1080/00130095.2016.1178569 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2016.1178569 © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Clark University Published online: 03 Jun 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 642 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=recg20 Download by: [University of Wollongong] Date: 09 October 2016, At: 17:06 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Resource-Sensitive Global Production Networks: Reconfigured Geographies of Timber and Acoustic Guitar Manufacturing Chris Gibson This article examines how resource materiality, scar- city, and evolving international environmental regula- School of Geography and tion shape global production networks (GPNs). Nature- Sustainable Communities facing elements, including resource scarcity and envir- University of Wollongong onmental regulation, have seldom featured in GPN Wollongong, NSW 2522 analysis. So, too, GPN analysis emphasizes spatial Australia abstract relations between network actors over temporal [email protected]. change. We extend GPN theorization through a tem- poral analysis of industrial change, connecting manu- facturing to upstream resource materialities and 430 Andrew Warren School of Geography and shifting regulation, and to downstream consumers Sustainable increasingly concerned with provenance and material Communities stewardship. To illustrate, we document a resource- University of Wollongong sensitive GPN—acoustic guitar manufacturing— Wollongong, NSW 2522 where scarcity of select raw materials (tonewoods) Australia with material qualities of resonance, strength, and [email protected]. beauty, as well as tighter regulation, has spawned shift- ing economic geographies of new actors who influence the whole GPN. Such actors include specialist extrac- tion firms, salvagers, traders, verification consultants, and customs agents who innovate in procurement and Key words: raw material supply risk management. Traditional large guitar manufacturing firms have struggled with regula- 92(4):430 resource geographies tion and securing consistent resource supply, although global production networks smaller lead manufacturing firms have creatively environmental protection responded via novel procurement methods and market- timber ing, developing closely bound, iterative relationships – 454. www.economicgeography.org materiality with specialist timber harvesters, traders, and with stewardship emotionally attached consumers. A cohort of tonewood expertise supply firms and guitar manufacturers—especially in innovation sustainability Australia, the Pacific Northwest and Canada, key loca- — supply chains tions of both resource and design expertise have together altered material stewardship practices and commodity production. Niche strategies derive exchange value from rarity and resource innovation, embracing raw material variability, inconsistent supply, and the need for alternatives. How firms adapt to resource supply security risks, we argue, is an impera- tive question for GPN analysis. Vol. 92 No. 4 2016 Acknowledgments This article places material resources and accom- panying environmental regulation more firmly in the frame of Global Production Network (GPN) We wish to thank Miles “ Jackson, Steve McMinn, David theory. A GPN is defined as the organizational Olsen, Kevin Burke, Bob arrangement comprising interconnected economic Rose, Richard Hoover, Scott and non-economic actors coordinated by a global Meidell, David and Kate lead firm and producing goods and services across multiple geographic locations for worldwide mar- Kirby, Peter Howorth, and ” Bob McMillan for leads and kets (Yeung and Coe 2015, 32). Lead firms are insights, John Steele and considered primary actors responsible for organiz- Shaun McKiernan for ing, coordinating, and controlling commodity pro- research assistance. Thanks duction across national boundaries (Yeung and Coe also to the three anonymous 2015). Economic geographers increasingly employ referees and Henry Yeung for GPN theory to understand how goods and services their constructive comments are produced, distributed, and consumed (Henderson et al. 2002; Dicken 2011; Coe and on earlier versions of the 431 article. Yeung 2015). GPN frameworks enable analysis of the spatial fragmentation of production and result- ing economic development outcomes. Here we RESOURCE-SENSITIVE GPNS extend GPN analysis by engaging with environ- Funding mental factors, particularly “upstream” resource geographies. The article identifies new actors This research received fund- across global networks innovating in resource ing support from the extraction, processing, verification, and trade, and University of Wollongong explores the deeper binding of such actors with Faculty of Social Sciences emergent lead firms in a downstream manufactur- grant scheme [grant number ing sector, and with emotionally attached consu- 04/2015]. mers concerned with resource stewardship and provenance (cf. Bridge and Smith 2003). We con- ceptualize and empirically examine a more broadly conceived GPN, from resource to consumer, incor- porating environmental regulation and interactions between sustainability concerns, manufacturing, and new resource actors. Notwithstanding contributions made by GPN theor- ists to understanding the interconnected global econ- omy, limitations persist. Critics have questioned the ©