The Challenge of Dark Net Terrorism
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Cybercrime: Internet Driven Illicit Activities and Behavior
Land Forces Academy Review Vol. XXV, No. 4(100), 2020 CYBERCRIME: INTERNET DRIVEN ILLICIT ACTIVITIES AND BEHAVIOR Maurice DAWSON Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, United States of America [email protected] ABSTRACT Cybercrime affects multiple areas of society with nefarious activities ranging from human trafficking to illegal arms sale. The Internet has allowed some nefarious activities to be revived as others have emerged in this new age. In turn, this has become a national security issue for countries as this requires resources to combat this evolving threat. These activities include undermining legitimate services that provide government services to its citizens, such as passport, national identification, tax services, and more. This paper introduces some of these activities, enabling readers to understand this digital criminal world further. KEYWORDS: cybercrime, human trafficking, dark web, online marketplace, cryptocurrency, disinformation 1. Introduction name a few (Deibert, 2009). Meanwhile, The Internet has allowed for many more countries have been known to use the technological advances that have brought Internet to target political dissidents such as forth positive outcomes. In retrospect, the Cuba, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Gambia, Morocco, Internet has also allowed for criminal North Korea, Russia, and more (Committee activities to flourish. And while both to Protect Journalists, 2020). Even with this positive and negative effects are expected, mentioned censorship and oversight, illicit the use of the Internet by a criminal activities remain on the rise through the organization, nation-states, terrorists, Internet. extremists, and others finds another means In recent years, police and other law to market their illegal activity. As the enforcement organizations have shut down introduction of the technological pages that advocate prostitution. -
An Evolving Threat the Deep Web
8 An Evolving Threat The Deep Web Learning Objectives distribute 1. Explain the differences between the deep web and darknets.or 2. Understand how the darknets are accessed. 3. Discuss the hidden wiki and how it is useful to criminals. 4. Understand the anonymity offered by the deep web. 5. Discuss the legal issues associated withpost, use of the deep web and the darknets. The action aimed to stop the sale, distribution and promotion of illegal and harmful items, including weapons and drugs, which were being sold on online ‘dark’ marketplaces. Operation Onymous, coordinated by Europol’s Europeancopy, Cybercrime Centre (EC3), the FBI, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and Eurojust, resulted in 17 arrests of vendors andnot administrators running these online marketplaces and more than 410 hidden services being taken down. In addition, bitcoins worth approximately USD 1 million, EUR 180,000 Do in cash, drugs, gold and silver were seized. —Europol, 20141 143 Copyright ©2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. 144 Cyberspace, Cybersecurity, and Cybercrime THINK ABOUT IT 8.1 Surface Web and Deep Web Google, Facebook, and any website you can What Would You Do? find via traditional search engines (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox, etc.) are all located 1. The deep web offers users an anonym- on the surface web. It is likely that when you ity that the surface web cannot provide. use the Internet for research and/or social What would you do if you knew that purposes you are using the surface web. -
Dark and Deep Webs-Liberty Or Abuse
International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism Volume 9 • Issue 2 • April-June 2019 Dark and Deep Webs-Liberty or Abuse Lev Topor, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-5150 ABSTRACT While the Dark Web is the safest internet platform, it is also the most dangerous platform at the same time. While users can stay secure and almost totally anonymously, they can also be exploited by other users, hackers, cyber-criminals, and even foreign governments. The purpose of this article is to explore and discuss the tremendous benefits of anonymous networks while comparing them to the hazards and risks that are also found on those platforms. In order to open this dark portal and contribute to the discussion of cyber and politics, a comparative analysis of the dark and deep web to the commonly familiar surface web (World Wide Web) is made, aiming to find and describe both the advantages and disadvantages of the platforms. KeyWoRD Cyber, DarkNet, Information, New Politics, Web, World Wide Web INTRoDUCTIoN In June 2018, the United States Department of Justice uncovered its nationwide undercover operation in which it targeted dark web vendors. This operation resulted in 35 arrests and seizure of weapons, drugs, illegal erotica material and much more. In total, the U.S. Department of Justice seized more than 23.6$ Million.1 In that same year, as in past years, the largest dark web platform, TOR (The Onion Router),2 was sponsored almost exclusively by the U.S. government and other Western allies.3 Thus, an important and even philosophical question is derived from this situation- Who is responsible for the illegal goods and cyber-crimes? Was it the criminal[s] that committed them or was it the facilitator and developer, the U.S. -
Subtitling in the Iranian Mediascape: Towards a Culture-Specific Typology
Subtitling in the Iranian Mediascape: Towards a Culture-Specific Typology Masood Khoshsaligheh1a, Saeed Ameri2a, Farzaneh Shokoohmand3a, Milad Mehdizadkhani4b Abstract Given the increasing pace of dissemination of cultural ARTICLE HISTORY: content across global borders, subtitling as a cost-effective Received May 2020 solution for rendering audiovisual programs is gaining more Received in revised form July 2020 popularity, even in societies, which have been traditionally Accepted July 2020 using dubbing as the dominant modality for foreign films and Available online August 2020 television series. Likewise, various types of subtitling practices have developed and are used in Iran both at official and non-official outlets. While official dubbing has failed in some aspect in addressing the growing interest of Iranian viewers of foreign content, a variety of non-professional subtitling has been filling the gap, and subtitling appears to be dominating the audiovisual media market. Despite such KEYWORDS: developments, the necessities of professional practice of Non-professional subtitling subtitling, including standardized guidelines, codes of ethics Amateur subtitling and practice, and training, have never been realized in Iran. Quasi-professional subtitling In the absence of a professional subtitling tradition, this Professional subtitling article presents the status quo of non-professional subtitling Subtitling for the d/Deaf and hard of into Persian and introduces the specific typology of this hearing practice in the Iranian mediascape. © 2020 IJSCL. All rights reserved. 1 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] (Corresponding Author) Tel: +98-915-5012669 2 PhD, Email: [email protected] 3 Assistant Professor, Email: [email protected] 4 PhD Candidate, Email: [email protected] a Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran b University of Szeged, Hungary 56 Subtitling in the Iranian Mediascape: Towards a Culture-Specific Typology 1. -
Closed Groups, Messaging Apps & Online
FIRST DRAFT'S ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO Closed Groups, Messaging Apps & Online Ads November 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 5 CHAPTER 1 Understanding ad libraries 13 CHAPTER 2 Facebook groups 21 CHAPTER 3 Closed messaging apps 27 CHAPTER 4 Ethical considerations 37 Conclusion 43 3 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Carlotta Dotto is a research reporter at First Draft, specialising in data-led investigations into global information disorder and coordinated networks of amplification. She previously worked with The Times’ data team and La Repubblica’s Visual Lab, and written for a number of publications including The Guardian, the BBC and the New Internationalist. Rory Smith is a senior investigator at First Draft where he researches and writes about information disorder. Before joining First Draft, Rory worked for CNN, Vox, Vice and Introduction Truthout, covering various topics from immigration and food policy to politics and organized crime. Claire Wardle currently leads the strategic direction and research for First Draft. In 2017 she co-authored the seminal report, Information Disorder: An interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy, for the Council of Europe. Previous to that she was a Fellow at the Shorenstein Center for Media, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard's Kennedy School, the Research Director at the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and head of social media for the United Nations Refugee Agency. She was also the project lead for the BBC Academy in 2009, where she designed a comprehensive training program for social media verification for BBC News, that was rolled out across the organization. -
Introduction Points
Introduction Points Ahmia.fi - Clearnet search engine for Tor Hidden Services (allows you to add new sites to its database) TORLINKS Directory for .onion sites, moderated. Core.onion - Simple onion bootstrapping Deepsearch - Another search engine. DuckDuckGo - A Hidden Service that searches the clearnet. TORCH - Tor Search Engine. Claims to index around 1.1 Million pages. Welcome, We've been expecting you! - Links to basic encryption guides. Onion Mail - SMTP/IMAP/POP3. ***@onionmail.in address. URSSMail - Anonymous and, most important, SECURE! Located in 3 different servers from across the globe. Hidden Wiki Mirror - Good mirror of the Hidden Wiki, in the case of downtime. Where's pedophilia? I WANT IT! Keep calm and see this. Enter at your own risk. Site with gore content is well below. Discover it! Financial Services Currencies, banks, money markets, clearing houses, exchangers. The Green Machine Forum type marketplace for CCs, Paypals, etc.... Some very good vendors here!!!! Paypal-Coins - Buy a paypal account and receive the balance in your bitcoin wallet. Acrimonious2 - Oldest escrowprovider in onionland. BitBond - 5% return per week on Bitcoin Bonds. OnionBC Anonymous Bitcoin eWallet, mixing service and Escrow system. Nice site with many features. The PaypalDome Live Paypal accounts with good balances - buy some, and fix your financial situation for awhile. EasyCoin - Bitcoin Wallet with free Bitcoin Mixer. WeBuyBitcoins - Sell your Bitcoins for Cash (USD), ACH, WU/MG, LR, PayPal and more. Cheap Euros - 20€ Counterfeit bills. Unbeatable prices!! OnionWallet - Anonymous Bitcoin Wallet and Bitcoin Laundry. BestPal BestPal is your Best Pal, if you need money fast. Sells stolen PP accounts. -
2011-11 Stop Trafficking
Stop Trafficking ! Anti-Human Trafficking Newsletter Awareness November 2011 Vol. 9 No. 11 This issue highlights methods used to expose sex and Advocacy labor trafficking and the issues feeding it. Action Sponsored by the: Sisters of the Divine Savior Co-Sponsors: •Adorers of the Blood of Christ Exposing •Benedictine Sisters of Chicago •Benedictine Sisters of Mount St. Scholastica •Cenacle Sisters, N. Amer. Prov. Human Trafficking •Congregation of Notre Dame •Congregation of Sisters of St. Agnes ‘Big Porn Inc: Exposing ‘Backpage.com’ •Congregation of St. Joseph the Harms of the Global and Child Sex Trafficking •Daughters of Charity, Prov. of St. Louise •Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, Prov. of West Pornography Industry’ By the time Mr. Barnes was picked •Daughters of the Holy Spirit •Dominican Sisters of Adrian, MI The unprecedented mainstreaming up by Massachusetts state troopers, he •Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose of the global pornography industry had made $19,000 forcing a 15-year- •Dominican Sisters of Peace is transforming the sexual politics of old girl to have sex with up to eight •Dominican Sisters of San Rafael men a day for 10 days. He advertised •Felician Sisters intimate and public life, popularizing •Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart new forms of hardcore misogyny, and her services on Backpage.com, the •Holy Spirit Missionary Sisters strongly contributing to the sexualiza- classified website owned by Village •Holy Union Sisters tion of children. Yet challenges to the Voice Media. •Marianites of Holy Cross In August a Seattle man posing as •Missionary Sisters of the Society of Mary pornography industry continue to be •Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary dismissed as ‘uncool’, ‘anti-sex’ and a law enforcement officer allegedly •Salvatorian Priests and Brothers ‘moral panic’. -
Content and Popularity Analysis of Tor Hidden Services
Content and popularity analysis of Tor hidden services July 29, 2013 Alex Biryukov Ivan Pustogarov Ralf-Philipp Weinmann University of Luxembourg University of Luxembourg University of Luxembourg [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT service operators are not interested in their existence to be Tor hidden services allow running Internet services while widely known. Secondly, Tor is designed in such a way that protecting the location of the servers. Their main purpose no central entity stores the entire list of onion addresses. is to enable freedom of speech even in situations in which Furthermore, hidden services only rarely link to each other powerful adversaries try to suppress it. However, providing { which impedes traditional crawling. location privacy and client anonymity also makes Tor hid- In this paper we present a study of deployed Tor hidden den services an attractive platform for every kind of imagin- services. In order to overcome the above mentioned limita- able shady service. The ease with which Tor hidden services tions, we exploited a flaw which was discovered in [6] and can be set up has spurred a huge growth of anonymously was present in Tor versions before 0.2.4.10-alpha. Using provided Internet services of both types. In this paper we this approach we collected 39,824 unique onion addresses on analyse the landscape of Tor hidden services. We have stud- February 3rd, 2013 by running 58 Amazon EC2 instances. ied Tor hidden services after collecting 39824 hidden service We scanned the obtained list of hidden services for open descriptors on 4th of Feb 2013 by exploiting protocol and im- ports, estimated their popularity, and classified their con- plementation flaws in Tor: we scanned them for open ports; tent. -
Social Networking in Iran, P.4 , Download/1609
Social Networking & Virtual Freedom of Association in Iran Research Report —March 2016 2 Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 5 The Iranian Context 7 The digital climate in Iran 8 Iran’s cyber defense 9 Digital policy under the Rouhani administration 10 Digital trends in Iran 12 Social Networking Sites (SNSs) and Messaging Apps (MAs) 13 The significance of SNSs & MAs 13 Civic activism via SNSs & MAs 14 The rise of SNSs in Iran 15 SNS popularity 16 MAs in Iran - A story of coercion and throttling 17 Providing homegrown alternatives for SNSs & MAs 19 Circumvention and Anti-Censorship Tools 21 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 22 Volunteer Activists Survey Report 24 Concluding Thoughts 32 Endnotes 34 Cover Photo: Ben Curtis / AP Volunteer Activists 3 Executive Summary Iran is a country that bans major international social media sites like Twitter or Facebook yet sees its highest state officials utilize the very social media channels it banned. This messaging applications (MAs) does not contradiction is the embodiment of make an exception for Iran. Rather the Iran’s relationship towards social media. opposite has been the case. In 2012, On one hand, conservative forces 29% percent used to spend at least 1 describe international social media tools hour a day on social media whereas as a ploy of Iran’s enemies (most notable now that figure has now skyrocketed the US and Israel) to spy on Iranians. On to 62%, of which 22% spend more than the other hand, Iranian companies are three hours a day on social media. Also trying to build parallel homegrown tools posting photos at least once or twice a for the Iranian market or convincing day has multiplied threefold, from 7% international social media companies to in 2012 to 25% in 2016. -
Monitoring the Dark Web and Securing Onion Services
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Queensborough Community College 2017 Monitoring the Dark Web and Securing Onion Services John Schriner CUNY Queensborough Community College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/qb_pubs/41 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Monitoring the Dark Web Schriner 1 John Schriner Monitoring the Dark Web Contrary to what one may expect to read with a title like Monitoring the Dark Web, this paper will focus less on how law enforcement works to monitor hidden web sites and services and focus more on how academics and researchers monitor this realm. The paper is divided into three parts: Part One discusses Tor research and how onion services work; Part Two discusses tools that researchers use to monitor the dark web; Part Three tackles the technological, ethical, and social interests at play in securing the dark web. Part One: Tor is Research-Driven Tor (an acronym for 'the onion router' now stylized simply 'Tor') is an anonymity network in which a user of the Tor Browser connects to a website via three hops: a guard node, a middle relay, and an exit node. The connection is encrypted with three layers, stripping a layer at each hop towards its destination server. No single node has the full picture of the connection along the circuit: the guard knows only your IP but not where the destination is; the middle node knows the guard and the exit node; the exit node knows only the middle node and the final destination. -
The Tor Dark Net
PAPER SERIES: NO. 20 — SEPTEMBER 2015 The Tor Dark Net Gareth Owen and Nick Savage THE TOR DARK NET Gareth Owen and Nick Savage Copyright © 2015 by Gareth Owen and Nick Savage Published by the Centre for International Governance Innovation and the Royal Institute of International Affairs. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Centre for International Governance Innovation or its Board of Directors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution — Non-commercial — No Derivatives License. To view this license, visit (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/3.0/). For re-use or distribution, please include this copyright notice. 67 Erb Street West 10 St James’s Square Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 London, England SW1Y 4LE Canada United Kingdom tel +1 519 885 2444 fax +1 519 885 5450 tel +44 (0)20 7957 5700 fax +44 (0)20 7957 5710 www.cigionline.org www.chathamhouse.org TABLE OF CONTENTS vi About the Global Commission on Internet Governance vi About the Authors 1 Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Hidden Services 2 Related Work 3 Study of HSes 4 Content and Popularity Analysis 7 Deanonymization of Tor Users and HSes 8 Blocking of Tor 8 HS Blocking 9 Conclusion 9 Works Cited 12 About CIGI 12 About Chatham House 12 CIGI Masthead GLOBAL COMMISSION ON INTERNET GOVERNANCE PAPER SERIES: NO. 20 — SEPTEMBER 2015 ABOUT THE GLOBAL ABOUT THE AUTHORS COMMISSION ON INTERNET Gareth Owen is a senior lecturer in the School of GOVERNANCE Computing at the University of Portsmouth. -
Quase 700 Sites Onion, a MAIORIA ESTÁ ONLINE
Quase 700 sites onion, A MAIORIA ESTÁ ONLINE (ALGUNS NÃO SÃO 24HRS ONLINE) APROVEITE, TENHA CAUTELA A VISITAR SITES SEM LEGENDA, NÃO SABEMOS O QUE É OU O QUE V AI ENCONTRAR EU NÃO TESTEI TODOS OS SITES, OBVIAMENTE. http://2222243pi3jvhgnt.onion/ The Nowhere Server (restored from FH) http://222224h72gngmbr4.onion/ The Nowhere Server (restored from FH) http://2222266ahj25j5j2.onion/ The Nowhere Server (restored from FH) http://2223t4sermipwasm.onion/ The Nowhere Server (restored from FH) http://23tjl3xpt5btiqms.onion/ W38M411 - Login http://25ffhnaechrbzwf3.onion/ NL Growers - Coffee Shop grade Cannabis from the Netherlands - Weed, Hash, Marijuana, Cannabis for Bitcoins http://2atptz66l5aepcbj.onion/ Hacktivisme libre http://2bicbge75gy5xjso.onion/ Sam's Drug Store http://2cmg43zpfbelgwlw.onion/ http://2fqgjzbb2h7yevom.onion/ http://2gxxzwnj52jutais.onion/ The Nowhere Server (restored from FH) http://2jv5r7k66ralyk3g.onion/ http://2kcreatydoneqybu.onion/ Einloggen http://2kka4f23pcxgqkpv.onion/ Euro Guns - Number one guns dealer in onionland - Buy guns and ammo for Bitcoin. http://2ogmrlfzdthnwkez.onion/ Rent-A-Hacker - Hire a hacker for every job you c an imagine, from DDOS to completely ruining people or destroy reputation of a co mpany or individual http://2oztyiaxrr3vijwe.onion/ Index of / http://2pdkdy3eo552mpiz.onion/ http://2q4ryi45p6har5w2.onion/ I2P Downloads from kytv http://2qhtfzoxe24d5gxe.onion/ System Setup Required http://2qtnwm3zdbn52nxt.onion/ Hidden Service #6 http://2r2tz6wzqh7gaji7.onion/ KAVKAZ CENTER http://2xtsq3ekkxjpfm4l.onion/