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Ecological Factors Influencing Group Sizes of River Dolphins (Inia Geoffrensis and Sotalia Fluviatilis)
MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, **(*): ***–*** (*** 2011) C 2011 by the Society for Marine Mammalogy DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00496.x Ecological factors influencing group sizes of river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis and Sotalia fluviatilis) CATALINA GOMEZ-SALAZAR Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H4J1, Canada and Foundation Omacha, Calle 86A No. 23–38, Bogota, Colombia E-mail: [email protected] FERNANDO TRUJILLO Foundation Omacha, Calle 86A No. 23–38, Bogota, Colombia HAL WHITEHEAD Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H4J1, Canada ABSTRACT Living in groups is usually driven by predation and competition for resources. River dolphins do not have natural predators but inhabit dynamic systems with predictable seasonal shifts. These ecological features may provide some insight into the forces driving group formation and help us to answer questions such as why river dolphins have some of the smallest group sizes of cetaceans, and why group sizes vary with time and place. We analyzed observations of group size for Inia and Sotalia over a 9 yr period. In the Amazon, largest group sizes occurred in main rivers and lakes, particularly during the low water season when resources are concentrated; smaller group sizes occurred in constricted waters (channels, tributaries, and confluences) that receive an influx of blackwaters that are poor in nutrients and sediments. In the Orinoco, the largest group sizes occurred during the transitional water season when the aquatic productivity increases. The largest group size of Inia occurred in the Orinoco location that contains the influx of two highly productive whitewater rivers. Flood pulses govern productivity and major biological factors of these river basins. -
Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the Upper Part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (Lower Pliocene), Numata Town, Hokkaido, Japan, and Its Phylogenetic Position
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org A new skull of the fossil porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the upper part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (lower Pliocene), Numata Town, Hokkaido, Japan, and its phylogenetic position Yoshihiro Tanaka and Hiroto Ichishima ABSTRACT An early Pliocene porpoise, Numataphocoena yamashitai from Hokkaido, Japan, is known from the holotype, a fairly well-preserved skeleton with an incomplete skull and a referred earbone. A new skull referred to Numataphocoena yamashitai found from almost the same locality as the holotype is interesting because it expands knowl- edge of skull morphology and improves the diagnosis of this taxon. Numataphocoena yamashitai differs from other phocoenids in having the characteristic feature in the maxilla associated with the posterior dorsal infraorbital foramen, narrower and sharper anterior part of the internal acoustic meatus, and a robust anterior process of the peri- otic. A new cladistic analysis places Numataphocoena yamashitai adjacent to Haboro- phocoena toyoshimai and Haborophocoena minutus, among a clade of early branching phocoenids, all of which are chronologically and geographically close to each other. The new skull is probably a younger individual because it is about 80% the size of that of the holotype and it shows closed but unfused sutures. Our description of this specimen helps to understand the intraspecies variation of the extinct species Numataphocoena yamashitai. Yoshihiro Tanaka. Numata Fossil Museum, 2-7-49, Minami 1, Numata Town, Hokkaido, 078-2225 Japan, [email protected] and Hokkaido University Museum, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan Hiroto Ichishima. Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, Terao 51-11, Muroko, Katsuyama, Fukui 911-8601, Japan, [email protected] Key words: skull; Phocoenidae; phylogeny; maxillary terrace; ontogeny; intraspecies variation Submission: 22 March 2016 Acceptance: 20 October 2016 Tanaka, Yoshihiro and Ichishima, Hiroto. -
Global Patterns in Marine Mammal Distributions
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION I. TAXONOMIC DECISIONS In this work we followed Wilson and Reeder (2005) and Reeves, Stewart, and Clapham’s (2002) taxonomy. In the last 20 years several new species have been described such as Mesoplodon perrini (Dalebout 2002), Orcaella heinsohni (Beasley 2005), and the recognition of several species have been proposed for orcas (Perrin 1982, Pitman et al. 2007), Bryde's whales (Kanda et al. 2007), Blue whales (Garrigue et al. 2003, Ichihara 1996), Tucuxi dolphin (Cunha et al. 2005, Caballero et al. 2008), and other marine mammals. Since we used the conservation status of all species following IUCN (2011), this work is based on species recognized by this IUCN to keep a standardized baseline. II. SPECIES LIST List of the species included in this paper, indicating their conservation status according to IUCN (2010.4) and its range area. Order Family Species IUCN 2010 Freshwater Range area km2 Enhydra lutris EN A2abe 1,084,750,000,000 Mustelidae Lontra felina EN A3cd 996,197,000,000 Odobenidae Odobenus rosmarus DD 5,367,060,000,000 Arctocephalus australis LC 1,674,290,000,000 Arctocephalus forsteri LC 1,823,240,000,000 Arctocephalus galapagoensis EN A2a 167,512,000,000 Arctocephalus gazella LC 39,155,300,000,000 Arctocephalus philippii NT 163,932,000,000 Arctocephalus pusillus LC 1,705,430,000,000 Arctocephalus townsendi NT 1,045,950,000,000 Carnivora Otariidae Arctocephalus tropicalis LC 39,249,100,000,000 Callorhinus ursinus VU A2b 12,935,900,000,000 Eumetopias jubatus EN A2a 3,051,310,000,000 Neophoca cinerea -
STATUS and CONSERVATION of FRESHWATER POPULATIONS of IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS Edited by Brian D
WORKING PAPER NO. 31 MAY 2007 STATUS AND CONSERVATION OF FRESHWATER POPULATIONS OF IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS Edited by Brian D. Smith, Robert G. Shore and Alvin Lopez WORKING PAPER NO. 31 MAY 2007 sTATUS AND CONSERVATION OF FRESHWATER POPULATIONS OF IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS Edited by Brian D. Smith, Robert G. Shore and Alvin Lopez WCS Working Papers: ISSN 1530-4426 Copies of the WCS Working Papers are available at http://www.wcs.org/science Cover photographs by: Isabel Beasley (top, Mekong), Danielle Kreb (middle, Mahakam), Brian D. Smith (bottom, Ayeyarwady) Copyright: The contents of this paper are the sole property of the authors and cannot be reproduced without permission of the authors. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) saves wildlife and wild lands around the world. We do this through science, conservation, education, and the man- agement of the world's largest system of urban wildlife parks, led by the flag- ship Bronx Zoo. Together, these activities inspire people to imagine wildlife and humans living together sustainably. WCS believes that this work is essential to the integrity of life on earth. Over the past century, WCS has grown and diversified to include four zoos, an aquarium, over 100 field conservation projects, local and international educa- tion programs, and a wildlife health program. To amplify this dispersed con- servation knowledge, the WCS Institute was established as an internal “think tank” to coordinate WCS expertise for specific conservation opportunities and to analyze conservation and academic trends that provide opportunities to fur- ther conservation effectiveness. The Institute disseminates WCS' conservation work via papers and workshops, adding value to WCS' discoveries and experi- ence by sharing them with partner organizations, policy-makers, and the pub- lic. -
Conservation Status and the Use of Irrawaddy Dolphins As a Flagship
Conservation status and the use of Irrawaddy dolphins as a flagship species for climate adaptation in the Peam Krasop Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia Building Resilience to Climate Change Impacts in Coastal Southeast Asia (BCR) Brian Smith, Sun Kong and Lieng Saroeun INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE The designation of geographical entities in this Citation: Smith, B., Kong, S., and Saroeun, L. book, and the presentation of the material, do not (2014). Conservation status and the use of imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on Irrawaddy dolphins as a flagship species for climate adaptation in the Peam Krasop Wildlife the part of IUCN or the European Union concerning Sanctuary, Cambodia. Thailand: IUCN. 80pp. the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its Cover photo: Dolphins in Koh Kong Province, frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this Cambodia © IUCN Cambodia/Sun Kong publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, the European Union or any other participating Layout by: Ria Sen organizations. Produced by: IUCN Southeast Asia Group This publication has been made possible by funding from the European Union. Available from: IUCN Asia Regional Office Published by: IUCN Asia in Bangkok, Thailand 63 Soi Prompong, Sukhumvit 39, Wattana 10110 Bangkok, Thailand Copyright: © 2014 IUCN, International Union for Tel: +66 2 662 4029 Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUCN Cambodia Reproduction of this publication for educational or #6B, St. 368, Boeng Keng Kang III, other non-commercial purposes is authorized Chamkarmon, PO Box 1504, Phnom Penh, without prior written permission from the copyright Cambodia holder provided the source is fully acknowledgeRia d. -
Whale Watching New South Wales Australia
Whale Watching New South Wales Australia Including • About Whales • Humpback Whales • Whale Migration • Southern Right Whales • Whale Life Cycle • Blue Whales • Whales in Sydney Harbour • Minke Whales • Aboriginal People & Whales • Dolphins • Typical Whale Behaviour • Orcas • Whale Species • Other Whale Species • Whales in Australia • Other Marine Species About Whales The whale species you are most likely to see along the New South Wales Coastline are • Humpback Whale • Southern Right Whale Throughout June and July Humpback Whales head north for breading before return south with their calves from September to November. Other whale species you may see include: • Minke Whale • Blue Whale • Sei Whale • Fin Whale • False Killer Whale • Orca or Killer Whale • Sperm Whale • Pygmy Right Whale • Pygmy Sperm Whale • Bryde’s Whale Oceans cover about 70% of the Earth’s surface and this vast environment is home to some of the Earth’s most fascinating creatures: whales. Whales are complex, often highly social and intelligent creatures. They are mammals like us. They breath air, have hair on their bodies (though only very little), give birth to live young and suckle their calves through mammary glands. But unlike us, whales are perfectly adapted to the marine environment with strong, muscular and streamlined bodies insulated by thick layers of blubber to keep them warm. Whales are gentle animals that have graced the planet for over 50 million years and are present in all oceans of the world. They capture our imagination like few other animals. The largest species of whales were hunted almost to extinction in the last few hundred years and have survived only thanks to conservation and protection efforts. -
Translocation of Trapped Bolivian River Dolphins (Inia Boliviensis)
J. CETACEAN RES. MANAGE. 21: 17–23, 2020 17 Translocation of trapped Bolivian river dolphins (Inia boliviensis) ENZO ALIAGA-ROSSEL1,3AND MARIANA ESCOBAR-WW2 Contact e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Bolivian river dolphin, locally known as the bufeo, is the only cetacean in land-locked Bolivia. Knowledge about its conservation status and vulnerability to anthropogenic actions is extremely deficient. We report on the rescue and translocation of 26 Bolivian river dolphins trapped in a shrinking segment of the Pailas River, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Several institutions, authorities and volunteers collaborated to translocate the dolphins, which included calves, juveniles, and pregnant females. The dolphins were successfully released into the Río Grande. Each dolphin was accompanied by biologists who assured their welfare. No detectable injuries occurred and none of the dolphins died during this process. If habitat degradation continues, it is likely that events in which river dolphins become trapped in South America may happen more frequently in the future. KEYWORDS: BOLIVIAN RIVER DOLPHIN; HABITAT DEGRADATION; CONSERVATION; STRANDINGS; TRANSLOCATION; SOUTH AMERICA INTRODUCTION distinct species, geographically isolated from the boto or Small cetaceans are facing several threats from direct or Amazon River dolphin (I. geoffrensis) (Gravena et al., 2014; indirect human impacts (Reeves et al., 2000). The pressure Ruiz-Garcia et al., 2008). This species has been categorised on South American and Asian river dolphins is increasing; by the Red Book of Wildlife Vertebrates of Bolivia as evidently, different river systems have very different problems. Vulnerable (VU), highlighting the need to conserve and Habitat degradation, dam construction, modification of river protect them from existing threats (Aguirre et al., 2009). -
Marine Mammal Collections in Australia
Proceedings of the 7th and 8th Symposia on Collection Building and Natural History Studies in Asia and the Pacific Rim, edited by Y. Tomida et al., National Science Museum Monographs, (34): 117–126, 2006. Marine Mammal Collections in Australia Tadasu K. Yamada1, Catherine Kemper2, Yuko Tajima3, Ayako Umetani4, Heather Janetzki5 and David Pemberton6 1 Department of Zoology, National Science Museum (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Vertebrates Department, South Australian Museum (e-mail: [email protected]) 3 Univeristy of Texas, Medical Branch (e-mail: [email protected]) 4 Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University (e-mail: [email protected]) 5 Section of Vertebrates, Queensland Museum (e-mail: [email protected]) 6 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (e-mail: [email protected]) with assistance in compiling museum collections from: Wayne Longmore, National Museum of Victoria Sandy Ingleby, Australian Museum Norah Cooper, Western Australian Museum Brian Smith, Queen Victoria Museum Gavin Dally, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory Robert Palmer, National Wildlife Collection (CSIRO) Abstract Museums in Australia house over 5500 marine mammal specimens in nine major institu- tions. These collections are here summarized with a view to making them more accessible to re- searchers throughout the world. Fifty-eight species of marine mammal are known from Australian waters. These and many more from elsewhere are represented in the collections. Australian museums are an important source of material for wide-ranging studies on marine mammals, including refining the taxonomy of difficult and cosmopolitan genera such as Tursiops and Delphinus, and species such as beaked whales that are rare in world collections. -
Snubfin Dolphin ©
Species Fact Sheet: Snubfin dolphin © G u i d o J . P a r r a Snubfin Dolphin Orcaella heinsohni In 2005 a new species of dolphin was found in Australian waters, the Australian snubfin dolphin. The discovery of a new mammal is extremely rare. Until recently the snubfin dolphin was thought to be an Irrawaddy dolphin, which is found in coastal areas and major rivers of south-east Asia, and is in serious decline. The snubfin dolphin is Australia’s only endemic dolphin, meaning it is unique to northern Australia. Coastal and river dolphins are among the most threatened species of mammal in the world. Snubfin dolphins, like all dolphin species, are toothed cetaceans and therefore have one blow hole and are generally smaller in size compared with the baleen cetaceans like the humpback whale. © G u i d o J . P a r r a Conservation status The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Redlist of Threatened Species: Data deficient Australian Government - Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999: Data deficient Did you know? Conservation action • Snubfin dolphins were named after George Because so little is known about Australia’s coastal Heinsohn, an Australian biologist who worked at dolphins, research is essential in order to identify important James Cook University in the 1960s and 1970s - habitat, collect baseline information and determine if the Orcaella heinsohni. different populations are related to each other. • Snubfin dolphins are cetaceans, like whales, and Using boat-based surveys, photo-identification and tissue have a blow hole, which is the equivalent to a sampling methods, vital information will be gathered about human nostril that they breathe through. -
Indonesia & Borneo
Indonesia & Borneo Orangutan Adventure Tanjung Puting Indonesia - Orangutan Adventure • Tanjung Punting Borneo Itinerary Jakarta – Pangkalan Bun – Seikonyer river – Kumai – Pondok 7 Days • 6 Nights Tangguy – Pasalat Reforestation Optional: Beach Extension HIGHLIGHTS TOUR ESSENTIALS Visit pristine rainforest in search of the amazing Tour Style Nature Expedition orangutan Tour Start Jakarta Travel up jungle rivers to witness Proboscis, Tour End Jakarta Ebony and Grey Macaque Monkeys Accommodation Hotel, House Boat, Sleep aboard and travel through the jungle on a Camp river klotok (boat) Included Meals 5 Breakfasts, 4 lunches, 6 Dinners Visit an orangutan orphanage and see how captive orangutan are reintroduced to the wild Difficulty Level Medium Tanjung Puting National Park is a unique place - home to the orangutan, but also the rare proboscis monkey (which we see plenty of) and the false gavial crocodile. The park is protected by the National Government while the Orangutan Foundation International (OFI) and the friends of the national park remain very active to protect the orangutan's environment from illegal loggers. Whilst here you will spend your time on board a river boat (klotok) as well as a tent deep within the forest. Ind03 Pioneer Expeditions ● 4 Minster Chambers● 43 High Street● Wimborne ● Dorset ● BH21 1HR t 01202 798922 ● e [email protected] Itinerary Indonesia • Tanjung Punting Borneo DAY 1: JAKARTA (D) Upon arrival at Jakarta Airport, we will be met by our representative and transferred to your hotel. Welcome dinner at hotel. Overnight Hotel. DAY 2: JAKARTA – PANGKALAN BUN – KUMAI (B,L,D) After breakfast at the hotel you will transfer to the airport for the morning flight to Pangkalan Bun. -
Marine Mammal Taxonomy
Marine Mammal Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia (Animals) Phylum: Chordata (Animals with notochords) Subphylum: Vertebrata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (Mammals) Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) Family: Balaenidae (Right Whales) Balaena mysticetus Bowhead whale Eubalaena australis Southern right whale Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena japonica North Pacific right whale Family: Neobalaenidae (Pygmy Right Whale) Caperea marginata Pygmy right whale Family: Eschrichtiidae (Grey Whale) Eschrichtius robustus Grey whale Family: Balaenopteridae (Rorquals) Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Arctic Minke whale Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale Balaenoptera edeni Byrde’s whale Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) Family: Physeteridae (Sperm Whale) Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale Family: Kogiidae (Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales) Kogia breviceps Pygmy sperm whale Kogia sima Dwarf sperm whale DOLPHIN R ESEARCH C ENTER , 58901 Overseas Hwy, Grassy Key, FL 33050 (305) 289 -1121 www.dolphins.org Family: Platanistidae (South Asian River Dolphin) Platanista gangetica gangetica South Asian river dolphin (also known as Ganges and Indus river dolphins) Family: Iniidae (Amazon River Dolphin) Inia geoffrensis Amazon river dolphin (boto) Family: Lipotidae (Chinese River Dolphin) Lipotes vexillifer Chinese river dolphin (baiji) Family: Pontoporiidae (Franciscana) -
Orangutans and the Lost Tribes of the Java Sea
ORANGUTANS AND THE LOST TRIBES OF THE JAVA SEA Though only 8 nights long, this is a true expedition that includes wildlife viewing, a visit to a renowned Orangutan conservation facility, opportunities to dive and snorkel in the rarely visited bay of Thousand Islands, and a chance to step ashore on a historic volcanic island in the middle of the ocean. End your journey by sailing majestically into the inner harbour of thriving Singapore. ITINERARY Day 1: Bali To Kalimantan, Indonesia Join fellow travellers for Coral Expeditions charter flight to Pangkalan Bun in southern Kalimantan > local transfer to Kumai > board Xplorer for guided tour down the Kumai River to board Coral Discoverer > Captains welcome drinks on deck Day 2: Tanjung Puting National Park, Kalimantan Jump straight in and tour Tanjung Puting National Park, famous for orangutans and proboscis monkeys > be welcomed by people from the local Dayak tribe > board local Klotoks (river boats) to Camp Leakey research station and rehabilitation centre to observe orangutans at meal time Day 3: At Sea, Indonesia A day at sea today as we leisurely cruise south towards Java and the Thousand Islands > visit the bridge and learn navigation techniques from our Captain > join the Expedition Team for 01432 507 280 (within UK) [email protected] | small-cruise-ships.com informative presentations in preparation for our activities over demonstration > get a taste for local island life > Captains the coming days farewell drinks as we make our way towards Singapore Day 4: Thousand Islands,