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Lebanese-Americans Identity, Citizenship and Political Behavior
NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY – LOUAIZE PALMA JOURNAL A MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH PUBLICATION Volume 11 Issue 1 2009 Contents Editorial 3 New century, old story! Race, religion, bureaucrats, and the Australian Lebanese story 7 Anne Monsour The Transnational Imagination: XXth century networks and institutions of the Mashreqi migration to Mexico 31 Camila Pastor de Maria y Campos Balad Niswen – Hukum Niswen: The Perception of Gender Inversions Between Lebanon and Australia 73 Nelia Hyndman-Rizik Diaspora and e-Commerce: The Globalization of Lebanese Baklava 105 Guita Hourani Lebanese-Americans’ Identity, Citizenship and Political Behavior 139 Rita Stephan Pathways to Social Mobility Lebanese Immigrants in Detroit and Small Business Enterprise 163 Sawsan Abdulrahim Pal. Jour., 2009, 11,3:5 Copyright © 2009 by Palma Journal, All Rights Reserved Editorial Palma Journal’s special issue on migration aims at contributing to this area of study in a unique manner. By providing a forum for non-veteran scholars in the field to share their current research findings with a broader public, Palma has joined hands with the Lebanese Emigration Research Center in celebrating LERC’s sixth anniversary serving international and interdisciplinary scholarly discourse between Lebanon and the rest of the world. The migration special issue owes its inception to a conversation between Beirut und Buenos Aires, in which Eugene Sensenig-Dabbous, an Austrian- American researcher at LERC, and the eminent Argentinean migration scholar, Ignacio Klich, developed the idea for a special migration issue and presented it to the LERC research team. This Libano-Austro-Iberian link laid the foundation for an exciting collection of articles, which I have had the privilege to guest edit. -
Lebanese Families Who Arrived in South Carolina Before 1950 Elizabeth Whitaker Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 12-2006 From the Social Margins to the Center: Lebanese Families Who Arrived in South Carolina before 1950 Elizabeth Whitaker Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Whitaker, Elizabeth, "From the Social Margins to the Center: Lebanese Families Who Arrived in South Carolina before 1950" (2006). All Theses. 6. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FROM THE SOCIAL MARGINS TO THE CENTER LEBANESE FAMILIES WHO ARRIVED IN SOUTH CAROLINA BEFORE 1950 A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts History by Elizabeth Virginia Whitaker December 2006 Accepted by: Megan Taylor Shockley, Committee Chair Alan Grubb J.R. Andrew ii ABSTRACT The Lebanese families who arrived in South Carolina found themselves in a different environment than most had anticipated. Those who had spent time elsewhere in the U.S. found predominantly rural and predominantly Protestant South Carolina to be almost as alien as they or their parents had found the United States due partly to the religious differences and partly to the cultural differences between the Northeast, where most of them had lived for at least a few years after arriving in the United States, and the Southeast. -
Languages of New York State Is Designed As a Resource for All Education Professionals, but with Particular Consideration to Those Who Work with Bilingual1 Students
TTHE LLANGUAGES OF NNEW YYORK SSTATE:: A CUNY-NYSIEB GUIDE FOR EDUCATORS LUISANGELYN MOLINA, GRADE 9 ALEXANDER FFUNK This guide was developed by CUNY-NYSIEB, a collaborative project of the Research Institute for the Study of Language in Urban Society (RISLUS) and the Ph.D. Program in Urban Education at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, and funded by the New York State Education Department. The guide was written under the direction of CUNY-NYSIEB's Project Director, Nelson Flores, and the Principal Investigators of the project: Ricardo Otheguy, Ofelia García and Kate Menken. For more information about CUNY-NYSIEB, visit www.cuny-nysieb.org. Published in 2012 by CUNY-NYSIEB, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY, NY 10016. [email protected]. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alexander Funk has a Bachelor of Arts in music and English from Yale University, and is a doctoral student in linguistics at the CUNY Graduate Center, where his theoretical research focuses on the semantics and syntax of a phenomenon known as ‘non-intersective modification.’ He has taught for several years in the Department of English at Hunter College and the Department of Linguistics and Communications Disorders at Queens College, and has served on the research staff for the Long-Term English Language Learner Project headed by Kate Menken, as well as on the development team for CUNY’s nascent Institute for Language Education in Transcultural Context. Prior to his graduate studies, Mr. Funk worked for nearly a decade in education: as an ESL instructor and teacher trainer in New York City, and as a gym, math and English teacher in Barcelona. -
When Affirmative Action Is White: Italian Americans in the City University of New York, 1976 – Present Liana Kirillova [email protected]
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Emma Smith Hough Library Research Scholarship 2016 Awards Spring 5-6-2016 When Affirmative Action Is White: Italian Americans in the City University of New York, 1976 – Present Liana Kirillova [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/esh_2016 Recommended Citation Kirillova, Liana. "When Affirmative Action Is White: Italian Americans in the City University of New York, 1976 – Present." (Spring 2016). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Emma Smith Hough Library Research Scholarship Awards at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2016 by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Affirmative Action Is White: Italian Americans in the City University of New York, 1976 – Present Liana Kirillova MA Student in the Department of History Southern Illinois University at Carbondale 1 Present day discussion of affirmative action is usually confined to its association with minority groups included in federal racial and ethnic categories. The general public is typically aware of discrimination cases against Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians because the media and scholarship on affirmative action are dedicated to these particular groups. Only a small share of research is conducted on white ethnics and their efforts to pursue equal opportunity. Despite the general failure of the white ethnic movement, one group was able to succeed on the local level: Italian Americans in New York City. In 1976, the City University of New York (CUNY) unprecedentedly included Italian Americans in its affirmative action policy, providing them with the status of a designated minority. -
A Brief History of Arab – Americans' Migration in Jacksonville by Valerie
A brief history of Arab – Americans’ migration in Jacksonville by Valerie Etienne-Leveille It is a challenging task to find accurate recordings of the early history of Arab–Americans’ migration from different Middle Eastern regions in the United States because until 1898, Arab immigrants were lumped together in immigration records under “Turkey in Asia” (1). The first documented Arab immigrant to settle in Jacksonville was a fruit seller named Farris Mansour around 1890 (2). When Farris Mansour arrived in Jacksonville, the Ottoman Empire still controlled much of the Eastern Mediterranean lands. Ottoman Syria included modern Syria as well as Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and other territories. Early immigrants from Ottoman Syria identified with their religious affiliation rather than their nationality (3). The religious identification added to the difficulty of accurate early immigration records because Muslim and different Christian denominations cut across national and ethnic lines in the region. Modern Syria and Lebanon are examples of two countries that were not nation-states until the mid-twentieth century. As a result, records and statistics for early Arab immigration patterns were combined from the different nations represented in the region. Ottoman Empire map courtesy of Encyclopedia Britannica (4). After the arrival of Farris Mansour in Jacksonville around 1890, hundreds more Arab immigrants followed over the next thirty years. The first wave of Arab immigrants originated from the rural Mount Lebanon area and 90% of them were Christians (2). Arab-American immigrants were attracted to Jacksonville because of its port and growing commercial sector. They pursued careers as grocers, peddlers, and small business entrepreneurs. -
'I Am Here to Build with You": Placemaking and Segmented
Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College Geography Honors Projects Geography Department 5-2014 'I am here to build with you": Placemaking and segmented assimilation of Lebanese and Lebanese- Americans in the Twin Cities Anna Nassiff Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/geography_honors Part of the Geography Commons Recommended Citation Nassiff, Anna, "'I am here to build with you": Placemaking and segmented assimilation of Lebanese and Lebanese-Americans in the Twin Cities" (2014). Geography Honors Projects. Paper 43. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/geography_honors/43 This Honors Project - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Geography Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geography Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “I am here to build with you”: Placemaking and segmented assimilation of Lebanese and Lebanese-Americans in the Twin Cities Anna Nassiff Macalester College Advised by Professor David Lanegran Geography Department May 5, 2014 “I AM HERE TO BUILD WITH YOU” Abstract: The Lebanese and Lebanese-American community in the United States is known for both its entrepreneurship and its unusually long-lasting cultural memory. Though relatively small communities, the Lebanese and Lebanese-Americans have had a disproportionately large impact on the landscape of the Twin Cities. This paper examines how Christian Lebanese communities in Northeast Minneapolis and the West Side of Saint Paul have used placemaking as a means to retain their cultural heritage, form an original Lebanese-American identity, and alternatively resist and embrace assimilation. -
Arab Cultural Awareness: 58 Factsheets
TRADOC DCSINT HANDBOOK NO. 2 ARAB CULTURAL AWARENESS: 58 FACTSHEETS OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF FOR INTELLIGENCE US ARMY TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND FT. LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS JANUARY 2006 PURPOSE This handbook is designed to specifically provide the trainer a ‘hip pocket training’ resource. It is intended for informal squad or small group instruction. The goal is to provide soldiers with a basic overview of Arab culture. It must be emphasized that there is no “one” Arab culture or society. The Arab world is full of rich and diverse communities, groups and cultures. Differences exist not only among countries, but within countries as well. Caveat: It is impossible to talk about groups of people without generalizing. It then follows that it is hard to talk about the culture of a group without generalizing. This handbook attempts to be as accurate and specific as possible, but inevitably contains such generalizations. Treat these generalizations with caution and wariness. They do provide insight into a culture, but the accuracy and usefulness will depend on the context and specific circumstances. Comments or Suggestions: Please forward all comments, suggestions or questions to: ADCINT-Threats, 700 Scott Ave, Ft. Leavenworth, KS 66027 or email [email protected] or phone 913.684.7920/DSN 552-7920. ii WHERE IS THE ARAB WORLD? • The Arab world stretches from Morocco across Northern Africa to the Persian Gulf. The Arab world is more or less equal to the area known as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Although this excludes Somalia, Djibouti, and the Comoros Islands which are part of the Arab world. -
The Social Construction of Difference and the Arab American Experience
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Social and Cultural Sciences, Department of Publications 1-1-2006 The oS cial Construction of Difference and the Arab American Experience Louise Cainkar Marquette University, [email protected] Published version. Journal of American Ethnic History, Vol. 25, No. 2-3 (Winter-Spring 2006): 243-278. Permalink. © 2006 University of Illinois Press. Used with permission. 13_Cainkar_8044_JAEH_Trans 5/26/06 9:35 AM Page 243 The Social Construction of Difference and the Arab American Experience LOUISE CAINKAR INTRODUCTION THEORIES OF IMMIGRANT integration are a tough fit when it comes to Arab Americans. Arabs who migrated to the United States in the first decades of the twentieth century held structural positions and faced barri- ers of prejudice and discrimination largely similar to those of white ethnics (especially Italians).1 Although they were barred from a broad range of in- stitutions run by mainstream whites, they settled in urban and rural areas, ran businesses, worked in factories, built institutions, flourished artistically, held government office in a number of places, achieved a degree of eco- nomic success, and led social lives that were intertwined with members of white ethnic groups and often resulted in intermarriage. Of course there are meaningful exceptions to this simplification of history, and in specific lo- calities, for example, the right of Arabs to naturalize was challenged.2 Nonetheless, the general profile of the Arab experience in the United States in the early part of the twentieth century displayed more social, political, and economic incorporation than that of racially excluded African Americans, Asians, Native Americans, and Latinos. -
Socioeconomic Achievement Among Arab Immigrants in the USA: the Influence of Region of Origin and Gender
Int. Migration & Integration (2018) 19:111–127 DOI 10.1007/s12134-017-0524-2 Socioeconomic Achievement Among Arab Immigrants in the USA: The Influence of Region of Origin and Gender Abdi M. Kusow1 & Kristine J. Ajrouch2 & Mamadi Corra3 Published online: 3 November 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017 Abstract Based on the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) data derived from 2001–2013 samples of the American Community Surveys, we examine the impact of region of origin and gender on socioeconomic achievement variation among Arab immigrants in the USA. Region of origin includes North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Sudan), Levant (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq), and the Arabian Peninsula (Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen). This examination is particularly important given the prevailing scholarly consensus that Arab immigrants are collectively portrayed as socioeconomically suc- cessful. Our analyses suggest two key findings. First, we find that region of origin is not a consistent predictor of earnings. While Arab immigrants from North Africa earned significantly less than those from the Levant, this was only true for males. No significant effect is found for region of origin in all other comparisons (both overall and when the analysis is restricted to males or females). Second, and by contrast, gender, net of other variables is a powerful predictor of earnings (both within regions and across regions). Keywords Arab immigrants . Earnings . Gender. Socioeconomic achievement . Intra-Arab comparison Immigration scholarship has increasingly noted significance of both region of origin (Read and Emmerson 2005; Kusow et al. 2016) and gender (Hondagneu-Sotelo 1999; Kanaiaupuni 2000;Lee2013) to patterns of incorporation. -
New Americans in State Legislatures Table of Contents
STATE OF REPRE SENTA 20 TION20 NEW AMERICANS IN STATE LEGISLATURES TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 Key Findings 5 Recommendations 6 INTRODUCTION 7 NATIONAL PORTRAIT OF NEW AMERICAN STATE LEGISLATORS 8 STATE-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF NEW AMERICAN LEGISLATORS 8 Absence of Representation 9 Parity of Representation: New American Voters and Citizen Voting Age Population 12 A CLOSER LOOK AT THREE STATES: ARIZONA, CALIFORNIA AND NEW YORK 14 WHO ARE THE NEW AMERICAN LEGISLATORS? 15 Racial and Ethnic Breakdown > Asian Pacific Islander Americans > Black New Americans > Latinx > Middle East/North African New Americans 18 New American Women 18 Partisanship and New Americans 19 MOVING FORWARD 21 APPENDIX 24 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 25 REFERENCES New American Leaders | State of Representation 2020 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The importance of who holds the power in state capitals has never been more pronounced than in 2020, in the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic and the calls for urgent action to address police brutality. The recent deaths of Ahmaud Arbery, George Floyd, Tony McDade, Nina Pop and Breonna Taylor have sparked national mobilization to hold police accountable and address the disproportionate number of deaths of Black Americans at the hands of law enforcement. Civil uprisings have spread across cities, and calls for systemic change have become a national rallying cry. This popular call for change and recognition that Black lives matter are occurring at the same time that immigrants and people of color, who are frontline workers in the healthcare industry and food supply chain, have been disproportionately affected by job loss, illness and death. -
Ethnic Groups and Library of Congress Subject Headings
Ethnic Groups and Library of Congress Subject Headings Jeffre INTRODUCTION tricks for success in doing African studies research3. One of the challenges of studying ethnic Several sections of the article touch on subject head- groups is the abundant and changing terminology as- ings related to African studies. sociated with these groups and their study. This arti- Sanford Berman authored at least two works cle explains the Library of Congress subject headings about Library of Congress subject headings for ethnic (LCSH) that relate to ethnic groups, ethnology, and groups. His contentious 1991 article Things are ethnic diversity and how they are used in libraries. A seldom what they seem: Finding multicultural materi- database that uses a controlled vocabulary, such as als in library catalogs4 describes what he viewed as LCSH, can be invaluable when doing research on LCSH shortcomings at that time that related to ethnic ethnic groups, because it can help searchers conduct groups and to other aspects of multiculturalism. searches that are precise and comprehensive. Interestingly, this article notes an inequity in the use Keyword searching is an ineffective way of of the term God in subject headings. When referring conducting ethnic studies research because so many to the Christian God, there was no qualification by individual ethnic groups are known by so many differ- religion after the term. but for other religions there ent names. Take the Mohawk lndians for example. was. For example the heading God-History of They are also known as the Canienga Indians, the doctrines is a heading for Christian works, and God Caughnawaga Indians, the Kaniakehaka Indians, (Judaism)-History of doctrines for works on Juda- the Mohaqu Indians, the Saint Regis Indians, and ism. -
1 Preliminary Material
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Brownness: Mixed Identifications in Minority Immigrant Literature, 1900-1960 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h43b9hg Author Rana, Swati Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Brownness: Mixed Identifications in Minority Immigrant Literature, 1900-1960 by Swati Rana A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Colleen Lye, Chair Professor Gautam Premnath Professor Marcial González Professor Rebecca McLennan Spring 2012 Copyright © 2012 by Swati Rana Abstract Brownness: Mixed Identifications in Minority Immigrant Literature, 1900-1960 by Swati Rana Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Berkeley Professor Colleen Lye, Chair My dissertation challenges our preconceptions of the ethnic literary tradition in the United States. Minority literature is generally read within a framework of resistance that prioritizes anti-hegemonic and anti-racist writings. I focus on a set of recalcitrant texts, written in the first part of the twentieth century, that do not fit neatly within this framework. My chapters trace an arc from Ameen Rihani’s !e Book of Khalid (1911), which personifies a universal citizen who refuses to be either Arab or American, to Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959), which dramatizes the appeal of white identification for upwardly mobile Barbadian immigrants. I present the first comparative analysis of Afro-Caribbean, Arab, Filipino, Latino, and South Asian immigrant writings. !is archive includes familiar figures such as Claude McKay and William Carlos Williams as well as understudied writers such as Abraham Rihbany and Dalip Singh Saund.