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Technical Report Feasibility Study of an Indicative Ballast Water Tester

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Technical Report Feasibility Study of an Indicative Ballast Water Tester Technical report Feasibility study of an indicative Ballast Water Tester 2012 Technical report Feasibility study of an indicative Projektgruppe / Redaktion: Ballast Water Tester Frank Stuer-Lauridsen, Svend Overgaard and Jens A. Jacobsen of Litehauz ApS during 2011 and early 2012 Følgegruppe: Udgiver: I en følgegruppe har udover projektgruppen deltaget: Naturstyrelsen Naturstyrelsen, v/Ulrik Christian Berggren Haraldsgade 53 Miljøstyrelsen, v/ Marianne T. Hounum 2100 København Ø Søfartsstyrelsen, v/ Clea Henrichsen Danmarks Rederiforening, v/Arne Christian Mikkelsen www.nst.dk Danmarks Rederiforening, v/Peter Wallbohm Olsen År: 2012 ISBN nr.978-87-7091-598-4 Ansvarsfraskrivelse: Naturstyrelsen offentliggør rapporter inden for vandteknologi, medfinansieret af Miljøministeriet. Offentliggørelsen betyder, at Naturstyrelsen finder indholdet af væsentlig betydning for en bredere kreds. Naturstyrelsen deler dog ikke nødvendigvis de synspunkter, der kommer til udtryk i rapporterne. Må citeres med kildeangivelse. 2 Technical Report Feasibility study of an indicative Ballast Water Tester By 01th of March 2012 Project supported by the Danish Ministry of Environment 3 4 Executive summary Once the Ballast Water Management Convention enters into force, one of the main concerns is how the Port State Control (PSC) is to determine whether a ship is in compliance with the requirement of the Convention. According to Article 9.1 any inspection aiming to determine this, is limited to verify the validity of certificates, inspecting the ballast water record book (BWRB), and sampling of the ship‘s Ballast Water. Regarding the latter two issues, this project have desk-top tested a series of rapid measurable or readily available parameters for their feasibility as indicators of ballast water conditions. Amongst the assessed simple parameters were salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and pH and as a bit more complicated parameters were chlorophyll a and particle size distribution. Three basic parameters have been selected as viable key parameters for the rapid ballast water assessment system: salinity (for basic verification of the Ballast Water Record Book), particle size distribution (for use as an indictor of organisms, i.e. system malfunction), and phytoplankton chlorophyll a (live organism indication through active photosystem II measurements) These indicative parameters will assist the port state control in deciding whether the ship is free to discharge ballast water or whether “clear grounds” exist to continue with detailed analysis and stop the ship from emptying its ballast water tanks. The parameters have been included in an example of a tool, which can be used by port state control or ship owners for monitoring ballast water conditions. Strong options exist for using existing databases of meteorological data in combination with position data to develop indicators for port (uptake) water conditions for several parameters. Technology is available that allows particle size distribution and other robust and simple parameters to be added and used as a self-monitoring system that can accurately measure “before and after” conditions related specifically to the installed system. Preliminary tests have been carried out to substantiate this (found in confidential annex). Further developments of the project may be along one or both of two routes: 1. Develop port state control tool, in particular the “port conditions” on-line database access. 2. Develop the self-monitoring device, algorithms and on-line access further through test in the field and in the laboratory. In terms of commercial potentials option 2 would be the first choice for a continued development project. There is a considerable synergy for option 1 in developing the on-line application for option 2. 5 Preface This report was conducted by Frank Stuer-Lauridsen, Svend Overgaard and Jens A. Jacobsen of Litehauz ApS during 2011 and early 2012. A number of individuals and companies have been consulted or directly involved in the study and we are grateful for the time you have donated and/or equipment or facilities we were allowed to borrow. In particular, this includes Aquasense, Bollfilter, DHI, NERI and DTU. The project has been supported and partly funded under the subsidy scheme of environmentally efficient technology under the auspices of the Danish Ministry of Environment. A steering committee with members from the Danish Nature Agency, the Danish EPA, the Danish Maritime Authority and the Danish Shipowners Association has followed the project and provided valuable insights and proposals. 6 Table of Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................... 5 List of abbreviations and definitions .......................................................................... 9 1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 10 2 Background........................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Compliance requirements ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Methods of compliance .......................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Port state control .................................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Assessing the feasibility of the indicative parameters .......................................................... 17 3 Ballast water characteristics - no treatment ....................................................... 19 3.1 Salinity .................................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Dissolved oxygen ................................................................................................................... 22 3.3 Acidity (pH) ........................................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Water temperature ................................................................................................................ 24 3.5 Turbidity ................................................................................................................................ 25 3.6 Chlorophyll a ......................................................................................................................... 26 3.7 Particle size distribution ....................................................................................................... 27 3.8 Summary of ballast water characteristics - no treatment ................................................... 28 4 Effect on parameters from ballast water treatment systems ............................... 30 4.1 Separation technologies ........................................................................................................ 30 4.1.1 Filters and hydrocyclone ...................................................................................... 30 4.1.2 Coagulation and flocculation ................................................................................ 31 4.2 Physical disinfection ............................................................................................................. 32 4.2.1 Cavitation and sonic treatment ........................................................................... 32 4.2.2 Plasma ................................................................................................................... 32 4.2.3 Ultraviolet irradiation ......................................................................................... 32 4.2.4 Gas super-saturation / oxygen stripping ........................................................... 32 4.3 Chemical disinfection ............................................................................................................ 33 4.3.1 Ozonation .............................................................................................................. 33 4.3.2 Electrochlorination ............................................................................................... 33 4.3.3 Chlorine dioxide .................................................................................................... 33 4.3.4 Biocides .................................................................................................................. 33 4.4 Neutralization ........................................................................................................................ 34 4.5 Summary of parameter feasibility ........................................................................................ 34 5 Parameter algorithms for decision making ........................................................ 38 5.1 Salinity ................................................................................................................................... 38 5.2 Particle size distribution and concentration ........................................................................ 39 5.3 PAM measurements. ............................................................................................................. 43 5.4 Final results ........................................................................................................................... 45 6 Technology overview ........................................................................................
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