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Melamchi Municipality, Nepal Situation Analysis for Green Municipal Development

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Melamchi Municipality, Nepal Situation Analysis for Green Municipal Development May 2018 1 a Global Green Growth Institute May 2018 Global Green Growth Institute Jeongdong Building 19F 21-15 Jeongdong-gil Jung-gu, Seoul 04518 Republic of Korea Recommended citation: GGGI (2018). Melamchi Municipality, Nepal: Situation Analysis for Green Municipal Development. Seoul: Global Green Growth Institute. This report is one of a set of seven situation analyses of the Nepalese municipalities of Belkotgadhi, Dakshinkali, Mahalaxmi, Melamchi, Namobuddha, Palungtar and Thaha. All seven reports are available at www.gggi.org/country/nepal/ The Global Green Growth Institute does not make any warranty, either express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party’s use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed of the information contained herein or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Global Green Growth Institute. Design and printing by Pentagram, Nepal. Cover photo of Melamchi by Robic Upadhayay. Melamchi Municipality, Nepal Situation Analysis for Green Municipal Development May 2018 Acknowledgements This situational analysis and accompanying report were who provided detailed technical support during the prepared by the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) in preparation of the seven reports. GGGI would also Nepal under its Green Municipal Development Program. like to thank the municipal leaders, in particular the GGGI and the program team would like to express their mayors and chief administrative officers (CAOs) of gratitude to the Ministry of Forests and Environment each of the municipalities of Belkotgadhi, Dakshinkali, (MoFE), and in particular to Dr. Bishwa Nath Oli, Mahalaxmi, Melamchi, Namobuddha, Palungtar and Secretary, Dr. Ram Prasad Lamsal, Joint-Secretary, and Thaha municipalities. The mayors and CAOs provided vital Mr. Ram Hari Pantha, Under-Secretary. qualitative and quantitative input and data which shaped the development of the assessment. This analysis was undertaken in close coordination with the Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Kirti Joshi undertook field research and focus group Administration (MoFAGA). GGGI would like to thank discussions, the assessments of individual municipalities MoFAGA for their support and guidance in this work. and data analysis, and was lead author of the reports. In particular, appreciation is expressed to Mr. Dinesh Additional contributions were provided by Aarsi Sagar, Kumar Thapaliya, Secretary, Mr. Suresh Adhikari, Donovan Storey, Vikram Basyal, Anantaa Pandey, and Joint-Secretary, Mr. Bishnu Datta Gautam, Under- Rowan Fraser of GGGI. The reports were edited by Secretary, and Mr. Jib Lal Bhusal, Under-Secretary, Stephen J. Keeling. Photos were provided by Rameshwor Maharjan and Robic Upadhayay. Design and layout was undertaken by Pentagram. Contents Acknowledgements ii Contents iii Figures iv Tables v Boxes v Abbreviations vi PART 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 1. Background 1 1.1 Urbanization in Nepal 1 1.2 Green Municipal Development Program 1 1.3 Objectives 3 1.4 Methodology 3 2. Green Municipal Development in Nepal 5 2.1 Overview 5 2.2 Green Urban Growth for Nepal 6 2.3 International Policy Drivers 7 PART 2: BASELINE SITUATION AND TRENDS 9 3. Basic Information 9 3.1 Location 9 3.2 Administrative Sub-divisions 9 3.3 Demography 12 3.4 Market Centers 17 3.5 Land Use and Urban Growth Patterns 17 4. Environment and Natural Resources 19 5. Economy 21 6. Infrastructure, Facilities and Basic Services 23 6.1 Housing 23 6.2 Roads and Transportation 23 6.3 Other Services 23 7. Policy, Regulation and Planning 27 8. Municipal Institutions and Capacity 29 8.1 Organizational Setup 29 8.2 Technical and Physical Capacity 29 9. Municipal Finances and Revenue 31 10. Municipal Stakeholders and Groups 33 iii PART 3 – SECTORAL, POLICY AND PROJECT FINDINGS 35 11. Priority Sectors and Strategic Themes 35 11.1 Sustainable Infrastructure Development 35 11.2 Commercialization of Agriculture 35 12. Policy and Planning Recommendations 37 13. Ideas for Projects 39 14. Conclusions 41 References 43 Annex 1 – Research questions 44 Annex 2 – Minutes of meeting with mayoral team (12 October 2017) 46 Annex 3 – Participants in focus group discussions (17 October 2017) 48 Annex 4 – Projects ideas from municipal consultations (17 October 2017) 50 Figures Figure 1: GGGI’s Green Growth concept 2 Figure 2: Location of the seven GMDP partner municipalities (with province numbers) 2 Figure 3: Location of Melamchi Municipality in Sindhupalchowk District 9 Figure 4: boundary of Melamchi Municipality, 2017 10 Figure 5: Main route from Kathmandu to Melamchi via Panchkhal 10 Figure 6: Route from Kathmandu to Melamchi via Sankhu 10 Figure 7: Wards of Melamchi Municipality 11 Figure 8: Population growth in Melamchi Municipality, 1991–2015 13 Figure 9: Population change in erstwhile VDCs of Melamchi Municipality 14 Figure 10: Age-wise population distribution in Melamchi Municipality, 2011 15 Figure 11: Population living with a disability in Melamchi Municipality, 2011 15 Figure 12: Satellite image of Melamchi Municipality and vicinity (17 January 2017) 17 Figure 13: Land use map of Melamchi Municipality, 1994 17 Figure 14: Satellite images of Melamchi bazaar on 12 January 2010 (top) and 29 January 2017 (bottom) 18 Figure 15: Forest map of Melamchi Municipality, 2017 19 Figure 16: Primary source of income in Melamchi Municipality 21 Figure 17: The Helambu trekking circuit 22 Figure 18: Road network in old Melamchi Municipality before the boundary change 24 Figure 19: Level of adequacy of drinking water in Melamchi Municipality, 2016 25 Figure 20: Solid waste management disposal practices – Melamchi Municipality, 2016 26 iv Tables Table 1: Guiding principles of National Urban Development Strategy, Nepal (2017-2031) 5 Table 2: Erstwhile VDCs and current municipal wards – Melamchi Municipality, 2011 11 Table 3: Households, population and average household size – Melamchi Municipality, 2011 12 Table 4: Change in population of Melamchi Municipality, 1991–2016 13 Table 5: Age-wise population in Melamchi Municipality, 2011 15 Table 6: Literacy status of 15 years and above population – Melamchi Municipality, 2011 16 Table 7: Agricultural crops grown in Melamchi Municipality, 2016/17 22 Table 8: Ownership of vehicles in Melamchi Municipality (2011–2016) 24 Table 9: Main types of cooking fuel — Melamchi Municipality, 2011 25 Table 10: Main source of lighting — Melamchi Municipality, 2011 25 Table 11: Status of household toilet facilities — Melamchi Municipality, 2011 26 Table 12: Sections within municipal office – Melamchi Municipality, 2017 30 Table 13: Income of Melamchi Municipality (FY 2016/17, revised) 31 Table 14: Estimated income and expenditure of Melamchi Municipality (FY 2017/18) 32 Table 15: Estimated breakdown of internal revenue — Melamchi Municipality (FY 2017/18,) 32 Table 16: Potential GMDP stakeholders – Melamchi Municipality 33 Table 17: Opportunities and challenges for development — Melamchi Municipality, 2017 35 Table 18: Municipal plans and policies needed by Melamchi Municipality 38 Boxes Box 1: The characteristics of green urban areas 6 Box 2: The transformations needed to produce green urban areas 6 Box 3: Melamchi Municipality criteria for prioriting projects 39 Box 4: Examples of innovative waste management in Nepal 40 v Abbreviations and Acronyms AAGR average annual growth rate (exponential) BS Bikram Sambat (Nepali calendar) CBO Community-based organization FY Fiscal Year GGGI Global Green Growth Institute GMDP Green Municipal Development Program HH household ICT information and communication technology INGO International non-governmental organization LGCDP Local Governance and Community Development Programme LPG liquefied petroleum gas MANK Mahila Atmanirbhar Kendra MoFAGA Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development NGO non-governmental organization NPR Nepali rupees NUDS National Urban Development Strategy RCC reinforced cement-concrete SDG Sustainable Development Goal USD United States Dollars VDC village development committee vi PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Background 1.1 Urbanization in Nepal Development Strategy (2017–2031) (MoUD 2017) and its The rapid pace of urbanization in Nepal in recent decades National Report for Habitat III (2016–2036) (MoUD 2016b). and the recent declaration of many new municipalities has reinforced the need to bring sustainable urban development 1.2 Green Municipal Development Program to the forefront of Nepal’s development agenda. Since 2015, the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) has supported the Government of Nepal to align its Nepal recorded an average annual urban growth rate of national development policies with the green growth 3.38 percent between 2001 and 2011 (CBS 2014: 31) – paradigm. This paradigm builds on a model of economic one of the highest in Asia, and as of 2011 had 58 municipal growth that targets the key aspects of economic governments (metropolitan cities, sub-metropolitan performance of environmental sustainability, poverty cities and municipalities), which covered 17.1 percent of reduction and economic growth (Figure 1). the population. In recent years the number of municipal governments has increased five-fold with the number In 2017, GGGI in partnership with
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