DOCSLIB.ORG

Religion Vs. Rationalism in India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Religion Vs. Rationalism in India OPED dogma-inspired errors, as the pope did of self-appointed Pharisees, a cup of hemlock, recently. If religion journalists assume that or a holy hit. fi no headway can be made by critical reason- ing against the tenets of faith, I suggest that Lewis Vaughn is editor of FREE INQUIRY. they peek into a few contemporary journals in the field where intellectual progress is made in every issue. Then again, some religion journalists may be painfully aware of the criticism of religious claims by scholars but dare not speak of it for fear of offending the people in the pews. Or they may assume that, if the intellectuals are out of step with the mass of believers, the intellectuals must be wrong. This is the kind of prejudice that lifted the cup of hemlock to Socrates’ lips. Others would say that, if this new critical journalism is not epistemologically suspect, it Religion vs. is at least bad manners, corrosive bias, or even a hate crime. My, how far we have slid down the dark hole of political correctness, where criticism of ideas is a sin, and any query Rationalism in India about the justification of dogma is viewed as an attack. I recently met with several brave people Sanal Edamaruku who have seen firsthand what happens when this fear of inquiry is taken to its logical conclusion. They are Islamic dissidents who hough Kerala and many parts of caste order, bloody caste and tribal wars, witch have criticized certain tenets of Islam for southern India have undergone hunting, human sacrifices, exploitation by encouraging abuses of human rights, oppres- important changes in the last sadhus and godmen doing “miracles,” voodoo sion of women, and violence against critics. Tdecades, in some of the northern parts of practitioners and tribal magicians in Africa, In Islam, they are blasphemers or apostates. India terrible things still happen because the bloody ritual of female genital mutilation Some of them have been forced into exile; of traditional, backward practices. A young in Egypt—these are the local structures of evil some are living under a fatwa (a sacred way couple who married against the social order that the rationalist movement has to fight. to order a hit); all have suffered for daring was axed to death by the caste leaders of the Some require patient explanations by local to speak their minds. By speaking against village, among them the parents of both of activists, others the mobilization of police and what they think are religiously inspired young people. This happened in Haryana, the judiciary. moral outrages, they have offended people in an area where India successfully tried the There are other and different challeng- of faith. Should they be silent so as not to Green Revolution some decades ago. The es. Prime ministers and presidents in India give offense? To assume so is itself a moral young man belonged to Jatava, an untouch- ridicule secularism by prostrating themselves outrage. able caste, and the woman to the Jats, the before the “super godman” Sai Baba and his Such widespread aversion to legitimate so-called backward caste. Fearing the anger of like. The nexus between godmen and poli- criticism of religious tenets makes the para- the community, they ran away to a far away ticians seriously undermines the democratic noid’s case for him. Society is indeed perme- town and lived there. Their families located system. Mighty godmen emerge as extra-con- ated by a potent force that pulls everyone into them, offered social acceptance, and brought stitutional powers and influence political a different path but is almost never called to them back to the village—with no other decisions. account, and then only in hushed tones. intention than to brutally murder them. There is the Muslim fundamental ism But publicly criticizing the articles of Recently in Bangladesh a young woman raging in Asia, Arab countries, and Africa. someone’s faith is divisive, many would say. died when an Islamic cleric ordered her Hindu nationalism as a counter product is So is honest scholarship, public debate, and buried up to the waist and to be flogged 101 growing to alarming dimensions. And the informed disagreement. They are all neces- times with a bamboo cane. She was alleged to rationalist movement has to combat the sary to democracy and moral progress. have had pre-marital sex with her lover and invasion by Christian missionaries who try Perhaps one day journalists will regular- undergoing an abortion. to secure maximum influence of their foreign ly offer balanced reports on the historical Last year in a village in Tanzania, nine donors and instructors. While the growth accuracy of the Bible or the Koran, or on children fell ill with chicken pox. A tribal rate of the Christian churches of the Western the logical inconsistencies of some church magician “cured” them by giving them unpu- world came to a standstill long ago or even doctrines, or on scientific investigations of rified river water to drink and talismans to declined, missionaries in India entertain great alleged miracles. And maybe, when society hang around their necks. Seven children died. hopes. The Christianization of Asia ranks grows up, they won’t have to fear the wrath Brutal punishment for those who defy high on the Vatican’s agenda for the coming 19 fi summer 20 OPED century. Besides the Roman Catholic church there are Christian churches in the mission- ary race: Protestants, Evangelicals, Baptists, Pentecostals—they all try hard to get the best Truth and Dogma piece of the Third World cake. The “Consul- tation of World Evangelization” in Thailand in 1980 declared all of 700 million Hindus Robert M. Price their worldwide target. Missionaries come equipped with detailed instruction about successful techniques for n a time of comfortably orthodox implicitly charged the Church: preferring a converting Hindus: the use of “miraculous retrenchment among New Testament particular party-line, a given set of opinions, healing” and other special elements of the scholars, Gerd Lüdemann has been a to the truth per se. Is the truth material, a Hindu religion is advised. Another tech- Ibracing voice urging scholars not to forget, set of dogmas we already possess? Or is it nique is “demonstrating social concern,” for as they seem eager to do, the radical insights formal, a North Star by which to navigate example, for lower castes and tribes or other of David Friedrich Strauss. Lüdemann our search? If the truth is not open-ended, it untouchables of the Hindu community. How stands courageously for Strauss’s brand of is hypocritical to pretend to search for it. And to win the higher caste community, how intellectual honesty. And, like Strauss, who that is the pretense (if that is all it is) of great to use illiteracy for successful “radio-evan- was ejected from the teaching profession, gelism,” and how to perform in a way that Lüdemann is now paying the price. Like the finally brings in the harvest are taught by ancient Sanhedrin closing ranks against Jesus professionals. Mass conversions spark Hindu (why do they never even notice the paral- protest and violence. lel?), the Protestant authorities at Göttingen These different pressures demand reac- University have decreed that Professor tions on different levels. In India, the Indian Lüdemann shall lose research funding and Rationalist Association has emerged nation- that divinity students shall no longer study Is the truth ally as a corrective force by rising above local with him. Thankfully, he has not yet been material, a set events. When the Delhi BJP government in consigned to the streets. 1997 installed a Mantra Healing Centre in a Lüdemann’s “crime” was to leap from of dogmas we already state-funded medical college, we succeeded the confining nest of Mother Church and to possess? Or is it for- in forcing its closure within one month by take wing with the pinions of critical reason mal, mobilizing public opinion. When the “milk and spiritual honesty. Long since having miracle” swept all over India and within repudiated biblical literalism, he recently a North Star by hours millions of people were gripped by found theological liberalism equally galling. which to ecstasy, we succeeded in stopping the spectre He could no longer brook the pretense that navigate before dusk by explaining through television Jesus rose from the dead in some Pickwickian the laws of physics behind the phenomena. sense compatible with his corpse rotting, that our search? These two examples show the importance of the Christian should live in “eschatological rationalist presence in the media. fi hope” (the charade of Advent), even though the promise of the Parousia is over 19 centu- Sanal Edamaruku is Secretary General of the ries forfeit. As Socrates urged his disciples to Indian Rationalist Association. think not of Socrates but only of the truth, Lüdemann at last decided that the truth itself was the only banner he could fly in good con- science. And this the Göttingen Sanhedrin universities such as Göttingen and Tübingen deems “thoughtcrime,” a contagion from have been. But of late they seem enamored which tender seminarians must be shielded. of becoming indoctrination mills, glorified Some might regret Lüdemann’s treat- Bible colleges. The difference is exactly that ment and yet grant that an institution has between academic freedom and intellectual a right not to employ those unsympathetic honesty on the one hand and mere cate- to its official policy. Jello could no longer be chism on the other. To condemn Lüdemann expected to pay for Bill Cosby’s endorsement because he won’t “get with the program” as if he made it known he preferred Royal a loyally gray apparatchik shows where his Gelatin instead.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BEST U.S. COLLEGES–AND the ONES to AVOID/Pg.82 RNI REG
    BEST U.S. COLLEGES–AND THE ONES TO AVOID/Pg.82 RNI REG. NO. MAHENG/2009/28102 INDIA PRICEPRICE RSRS. 100100. AUGUST 2323, 2013 FORBES INDIA INDEPENDENCESpecial Issue Day VOLUME 5 ISSUE 17 TIME TO Pg.37 INDIA AUGUST 23, 2013 BRE A K INDEPENDENCE DAY SPECIAL FREThe boundaries of E economic, political and individual freedom need to be extended www.forbesindia.com LETTER FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Towards Greater Freedom or a country that became politically free in 1947 and took a stab at economic freedom in 1991, the script in 2013 could not have been worse: An economy going downhill, a currency into free fall, and a widespread Ffeeling of despondency and frustration. A more full-blooded embrace of markets should have brought corruption down and increased competition for the benefi t of customers and citizens alike. But that was not the path we took over the last decade. An expanding pie should have provided adequate resources for off ering safety nets to the really poor even while leaving enough with the exchequer to fund public goods. But India is currently eating the seedcorn of future growth with mindless social spending. Corruption has scaled new heights, politicians have been found hand-in-glove with businessmen to hijack state resources for private ends, and a weakened state is opting for even harsher laws and an INDIA ever-expanding system of unaff ordable doles to maintain itself in power. Politicians have raided the treasury for private purposes, and businessmen fi nd more profi t in rent-seeking behaviour than in competing fairly in the marketplace.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanal Edamaruku
    The Dangers of Dissent – Sanal Edamaruku By ANSHUMANTH - An article from MIT Post - 7 February 2017 Sanal Edamaruku leading a Rationalist March in Warsaw, Poland, along with Maryam Namazie, Nina Sankari In 1970, a young nationally acclaimed athlete died of blood cancer, when her deeply religious family refused to seek medical aid, believing instead in the power of prayer. A fifteen-year-old boy, named Sanal Edamaruku, who lived in that neighborhood was deeply shaken by this death. To him, this was an example of how dangerous blind beliefs could be and was perhaps what set the boy off on the path of rationalism. Edamaruku went on to become one of the country’s most prominent rationalists. With his relentless tirade against superstition and belief in the supernatural, he became a magnet for trouble. This finally resulted in blasphemy charges against him, and his consequent exile to Finland. Rationalism is defined by Rationalist International, the organization founded by Edamaruku in 1995, as a “world view based on scientific attitude and a humane value system free from any religion, dogma and arbitrary assump- tion of authority”. Simply put, it means prioritizing knowledge and reasoning above unsubstantiated beliefs. Sanal Edamaruku worked towards its promotion in the 1990s with several village campaigns. During these, a technique called Rationalist Reality Theatre was developed. Several of the illusions that god-men used, to make themselves look like wielders of supernatural powers were replicated in front of audiences. After this, the trick behind the il- lusions was explained, exposing them for the mere theatrics that they were.
    [Show full text]
  • Over the Years
    Over the Years Indra Rai Sharma Over the Years -A Photo Autobiography In 2010 before going to US, I had been going through my old papers. As it appeared, I had wished to pen down my autobiography long back. In my diary on February 10, 1963, I had written that if I would ever write my autobiography, I would caption it ‘My Life and Dreams’. In 1997 again, in my acceptance letter to the notice regarding my impending retirement that I sent on June 23, to Mr. A. Sankara Narayanan, Executive Director, M/S Hindustan Motors, I wrote: “I wish I could pen down my years at HM some day and hope that it would provide useful insight for our budding engineers as Lee Iacocca’s biography or the book ’On a clear day you can see General Motors’ provided to millions of it readers.’ I knew that I was not that great a name in HM or industry, though I aspired to be one. Perhaps I didn’t select the right profession or I couldn’t take advantage of the opportunity that I got to convert the same to become big. I remember my teasing of my grandmother and later on my mother in school days by telling them time and again that they should not expect me to do routine household work, as I would be a big man. Later on I joked with some close friends and their wives that one day I would get into number 1 Rajpath. I meant Rastrapati Bhawan. I failed to become as great or big as I wanted but I did work very hard for every assignment that I got.
    [Show full text]
  • Skeletons in Rationalistst Cupboard
    CONTROVERSY SKELETONS IN RATIONALISTS’ CUPBOARD BY GEORGE PLATHOTTAM SDB few days ago a journalist There obviously are a lot of ghosts friend called me up with and skeletons in the Rationalists’ A a request to speak to a cupboard. The rationalist medicine Bishop in Mumbai on behalf of a rationalist, against whom they are prescribing is deadlier than a group of Christians there had filed a defamation case. the dangers of superstition. It is akin Curiosity got the better of me to to the pot calling the kettle black >>> understand to learn more about the issue. I was surprised to learn that a small incident was blown out of proportion, and colleagues chose a minor invite pilgrims to come and visit in the process lies, deception incident in suburban Mumbai the place; neither were there any and misinformation were being to whip up publicity for his requests to people to contribute freely used. rationalist movement and for money. The issue relates to an incident himself, and even to make Sanal proclaimed that the of ‘miracle’ in a Mumbai church money out of the incident -- the water dripping from the Cross and the charges against Sanal very thing which he accuses the in the Our Lady of Velankanni Edamaruku, a Delhi-based self- priests in Mumbai of doing. Church in Irla was not miracle, proclaimed rationalist. Sanal The incident relates to a but it was caused by a leak in the is the son of veteran rationalist church in Irla close to Vile Parle sewage system. He blamed the leader and author late Joseph in Mumbai where some people Church authorities and priests Edamaruku.
    [Show full text]
  • Sins of the Missionaries EVANGELISM’S QUEST to CONQUER the WORLD Stephen R
    THE MISSIONS AND THE DAMAGE DONE Sins of the Missionaries EVANGELISM’S QUEST TO CONQUER THE WORLD Stephen R. Welch ach year, Americans contribute millions of dollars through corporate-giving campaigns and Sunday tithes to support the ostensi- Ebly humanitarian work of overseas Christian missions. This work—feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, giving medi- cine to the sick—seems a worthy cause, an outwardly selfless endeavor unsullied by the salacious headlines and bitter dis- putes now roiling the life of the church at home. But Christendom’s missionaries bear their share of contro- versy. Though most private donors and corporate sponsors are unaware of it, overseas missions have long been embroiled in scandals involving allegations of predatory behavior towards the vulnerable. Though the largely poor and illiterate victims have complained loudly for decades, their allegations involve no sexual misconduct and thus garner few headlines in the West. Their outrage, vented halfway across the globe, rarely reaches English-language media at all. Evangelism is waged in earnest in a large swath of the under- developed world, from North Africa to East Asia. Missionary strategists call this region the “Unreached Bloc” or the “Last Frontier.”1 In the rural backwaters and isolated tribal ham- lets of countries like India, missionaries routinely peddle the fruits of generosity—food and medicine—as “inducements” for conversion to Christianity. When these allurements fail, more aggressive means may be employed, not barring fraud and intimidation. Apparently, in the Unreached Bloc, “harvesting” A White missionary baptizes a native child in an African country during the 1950s. souls is an end that justifies almost any means.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sacrifice of a Skeptic BHASKAR SRIPADA
    but it was not put to a vote. million rupees, about $15,000) for in- “Challenges,” Maharashtra Andhashraddha Various political parties and social formation. There have been no arrests Nirmoolan Samiti, 2013. Online at http:// antisuperstition.org/index.php?option=com_ groups supported a bandh, or a strike/ at this time, but police say it will hap- content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=81. protest, in Pune, one of Maharashtra’s pen “soon.” There have been demands “Dabholkar supporters heckle politicians during Pune major cities. According to journalist to turn the case over to India’s federal protest march,” Hindustan Times, 22 August Tejas Mehta, Dabholkar’s murder “led police body, the CBI, from those blam- 2013. Online at http://www.hindustantimes.com/ India-news/Maharashtra/Dabholkar-supporters- to a massive outpouring of grief and ing the local police for the lack of prog- heckle-politicians-during-Pune-protest-march/ anger in Maharashtra,” which in turn ress. The CBI has a very good reputa- Article1-1111115.aspx. “prompted the state government to tion for not being corruptible. Burke, Jason. 2011. “Indian court orders Ganesh push an anti-superstition law that he In the meantime, Dabholkar’s sup- idols to be made of clay,” The Guardian, had championed for years.” The law porters are in mourning, vowing to keep 11 February 2011. Online at http://www. theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/11/ has been debated for years, but only his mission alive. Besides his activism ganesh-idols-clay-india-court. after his death was the law enacted. Yet as a rationalist, he served as editor of Mehta, Tejas.
    [Show full text]
  • South India to North America Journey of Journalist
    South India to North America Journey of Journalist South India to North America Journey of Journalist Narisetti Innaiah South India to North America Journey of Journalist Page 1 Contents 1. Childhood - Sweet and Sour 4 2. Twists and turns at college level 11 3. College life is not that smooth (1953-58) 15 4. University Education 28 5. Taste of Politics 32 6. Untrained teacher 38 7. Entered Married Life 43 8. Encounter Different Personalities 47 9. Beyond Religion 49 10. A.B.Shah - Leader of Secular Movement 52 11. Joyful Life - Naveena, Raju 56 12. Can Reason Appeal 58 13. Komala Unique Person 60 14. Meandering into Research 63 15. Facing New Phase 66 16. Friendship with Chief Justice 68 17. A Decade of Experience 71 18. Reporting Legislative discussions 74 19. Helping Elected Representatives 78 20. Joyful Humanism 80 19. Bureau chief of Telugu daily 82 20. V.R. Narla dedicates his last play 89 21. Writer with human face 92 22. Chief Minister with difference 95 23. A friend in deed 98 South India to North America Journey of Journalist Page 2 24. Facing hardships 104 25. Encounter with academic cheats 107 26. At last owned a house 113 27. Unscientific alternatives 116 28. Playing with blind believers 119 29. Widening humanist horizon 128 30. Friendship with Rationalist, Skeptics 135 31. Feeling the Cosmos 141 32. India once again 145 33. Regional Associations in America 154 34. Thinkers groups 157 36. A story of Thesis 160 37. Pictures to remember South India to North America Journey of Journalist Page 3 111.1..
    [Show full text]
  • Nderstanding the Religious Nature of Terrorism in India: Four Case Studies with an Analysis for Proposals and Resolution
    UNDERSTANDING THE RELIGIOUS NATURE OF TERRORISM IN INDIA: FOUR CASE STUDIES WITH AN ANALYSIS FOR PROPOSALS AND RESOLUTION BY KAILASH KUMAR CHATRY A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Theology and Religion School of Historical Studies College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham 17 October 2012. University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT India has faced the challenge of religious terrorism for almost three decades. This phenomenon – in-spite of the Indian government’s comprehensive effort to contain it – has been spreading its vicious influence and expanding its support base among the conflicting religious communities in many parts of the country. The existing views, in regard to the rise of religious terrorism, suggest that economic, socio-political or geo-political issues (that cropped up during the post-partition period) are responsible for the birth of the problem. However, so far no study is done collectively on the four (Sikh, Kashmiri Muslim, Hindu and Naga Christian) religious communities to explain the cause of the problem.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dilemmas and Challenges Faced by the Rationalist Indian
    ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846 The Dilemmas and Challenges faced by the Rationalist Indian T V VENKATESWARAN Vol. 48, Issue No. 36, 07 Sep, 2013 The murder of the anti-superstition crusader Narendra Dabholkar points to the society’s intolerance of criticism against religious beliefs and practices. The rampant misuse of Section 295A of the Indian penal code, which penalises “deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings”, needs to be curbed. Unless space is provided for constructive and rational criticism, social reforms to stamp out regressive and evil practices cannot be undertaken. The murder of renowned rationalist Narendra Dabholkar on the streets of Pune on 20 August, 2013, was a wake-up call for the nation. While out on his morning walk, two unidentified assailants on a motorcycle fired at him from close range near the Omkareshwar bridge. As the news of his gruesome murder spread, spontaneous demonstrations took place across Maharashtra. In his home town Satara, thousands came out to pay tribute to this leading light of the anti-superstition movement who had taken on many a self-appointed godmen. The all-party bandh called the next day was near complete with willing participants closing their businesses and shops. The chilling effect of the premeditated murder reverberated throughout the state. Witnessing the public outrage, the state cabinet hastily promulgated an anti-superstition ordinance based on the “Maharashtra Prevention and Eradication of Human Sacrifice and other Inhuman Evil Practices and Black Magic Bill”. Dhabolkar had been relentlessly campaigning for the adoption of this bill, which has been languishing in the assembly for many years.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociology of Science
    ELK ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF Social Science ISSN 2349-9392 (Online); DOI: 10.16962/EAPJSS/issn. 2454-2997/2015; Volume 7 Issue 1 (2020) www.elkjournals.com Unleashing the potential of the ‘Sociology of Science’: Capitalizing on the power of science to usher in social, cultural and intellectual revolutions across the world, and lay the foundations of twenty-first century pedagogy Sujay Rao M Institute for the study of the Globalization of Science Email ID – [email protected] Abstract This paper reviews the definitions of science put forward by different scholars, its myriad functions, its social duties and responsibilities, and the role played by science communication to the masses. It discusses the historical role played by science in ushering in social and intellectual revolutions particularly in the context of Europe and other developed societies, and the need to replicate them elsewhere. It also discusses the scope and the nature of work carried out in the fields of sociology of science as well as its limitations arising from its Eurocentrism and an ivory-tower approach. It also discusses how the ‘Sociology of science’ can be used to help the rapid intellectual and economic development of developing countries and tradition-bound societies by analysing differences between developed countries and developing countries as well as differences within developing countries, and can play a role in changing the lives of millions of people across the world. We believe the ‘sociology of Science’ encompassing fields such as historiography and sociology will go a long way in ensuring that the benefits of a scientific temper are properly communicated to millions of people across cultures, and that these can counter superstition, blind faith as well as traditional interpretations of various phenomena, besides aiding economic development.
    [Show full text]
  • HSBC Money Laundering Case: “Too Big to Fail” Does Not Mean “Too Big to Jail”
    HSBC Money Laundering Case: “Too Big To Fail” does not mean “Too Big to Jail” September 24th, 2013 by Kara in Case Studies The Problem Some banking institutions have become so large criminal prosecutions resulting in revocation of banking charters may negatively affect the national, and perhaps the global, economy. The U.S. Attorney General and other prosecutors are thus left with a moral dilemma: ensure justice through prosecution or forego criminal proceedings to protect the economy and society at large. HSBC and Money Laundering In December 2012, multinational banking institution HSBC was penalized a record $1.92 billion by the United States for violating laws designed to prevent money laundering and other illegal financial activity. HSBC was under consistent suspicion and twice given warnings and orders to strengthen its anti-money laundering programs by the U.S. between 2003 and 2010 but failed to make the proper adjustments. The $1.92 billion penalty, issued under the Bank Secrecy Act, was handed down after a report and subsequent investigation that confirmed the bank had set up offshore accounts for drug cartels and suspected criminals in Jersey. HSBC banking executives admitted to laundering as much as $881 billion dollars. Players HSBC North American Holdings, Inc.: parent company of HSBC Group, one of the world’s largest banking and financial services groups. HSBC has more than 6900 offices in over 80 countries. HSBC Bank USA: federally chartered subsidiary of HSBC North American Holdings, Inc.; headquartered in McLean, Virginia with its principal offices in New York City. HSBC Bank USA is the specific entity charged with violating the Bank Secrecy Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Malayalam - Study / Essay
    NEW BOMBAY KERALEEYA SAMAJ , LIBRARY LIBRARY LIST MALAYALAM - STUDY / ESSAY SR.NO: BOOK'S NAME AUTHOR TYPE 6001 K.P. APPAN VYAKTHIYUM VIMARSHAKANUM A GROUP OF CRITICS study 6002 E.M.S. VIYOJANAKURIPPUKAL A GROUP OF WRITERS study 6003 E.M.S. VIYOJANAKURIPPUKAL A GROUP OF WRITERS study AGOLAVALKARANAM VARGHEEYATHA SAMSKARAM A GROUP OF WRITERS 6004 study 6005 PRAPANCHATHINTE PORUL THEEDI A. RAJAGOPAL KAMATH study VAIDIKA SAMSKARAM A.C. BHAKTHIVEDANDA SWAMI 6006 PRABHUPADAR study 6007 JOTSYAM ORU KAPADA SASTRAM M.C. JOSEPH study 6008 MARUNNA VIDHYABHYASAM A.K. ABDUL HAKKIM study 6009 TAILOR - ADUNIKA THAYYAL SAHAI A.K. KAMALAKSHAN study 6010 KODUNKATTINTE MATTOLIKAL A.K.G study 6011 ENTE JEEVITHA KATHA A.K.G study 6012 ARIVINTE PAGUKAL A.P. JAYARAMAN study 6013 SASTRA CHAKRAVALANGAL A.P. JAYARAMAN study 6014 IRULILE VELICHAM A.P. KRISHANAMENON study 6015 PAAPATHINTE NAGARAM A.P. UDYA BHANU study 6016 IGNITED MINDS (JWALIKKUNNA MANASSUKAL) A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM study 6017 INDIAYUDE CHAITHANYAM A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM study 6018 KOVOORINTE SAMPOORNA KRITHIKAL A.T. KOVOOR study 6019 THAFHEEMUL QUR'AN VOL-1 ABUL A'LA MOUDOODI study 6020 THAFHEEMUL QUR'AN VOL-2 ABUL A'LA MOUDOODI study 6021 THAFHEEMUL QUR'AN VOL-3 ABUL A'LA MOUDOODI study 6022 THAFHEEMUL QUR'AN VOL-4 ABUL A'LA MOUDOODI study 6023 THAFHEEMUL QUR'AN VOL-5 ABUL A'LA MOUDOODI study 6024 THAFHEEMUL QUR'AN VOL-6 ABUL A'LA MOUDOODI study 6025 CHARLIE CHAPIN P. AJITHKUMAR AUTOBIOGRAPHY 6026 HRADAYATHILEKKU NOKKI EZHUTHU AKKITHAM study 6027 NASHTAPRADESANGAL ANAND study 6028 U.N.O ANNIE THAYIL study 6029 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ARUNALAYAM S.
    [Show full text]