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Mobile Banking MOBILE BANKING Overview of the banking industry The Indian Banking industry, which is governed by the Banking Regulation Act of India, 1949 can be broadly classified into two major categories, non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks comprise commercial banks and the co-operative banks. In terms of ownership, commercial banks can be further grouped into nationalized banks, the State Bank of India and its group banks, regional rural banks and private sector banks .These banks have over 67,000 branches spread over the country.The first phase of financial reforms resulted in the nationalization of 14 major banks in 1969 and resulted in a shift from Class banking to Mass banking. This in turn resulted in a significant growth in the geographical coverage of banks. Every bank had to earmark a minimum percentage of their loan portfolio to sectors identified as “priority sectors”. After the second phase of financial sector reforms and liberalization of the sector in the early nineties, the Public Sector Banks (PSB) s found it extremely difficult to compete with the new private sector banks and the foreign banks. The new private sector banks first made their appearance after the guidelines permitting them were issued in January 1993. Eight new private sector banks are presently in operation. These banks due to their late start have access to state-of-the-art technology, which in turn helps them to save on manpower costs and provide better services. Current scenario The industry is currently in a transition phase. On the one hand, the PSBs, which are the mainstay of the Indian Banking system, are in the process of shedding their flab in terms of excessive manpower, excessive non-Performing Assets (Npas) and excessive governmental equity, while on the other hand the private sector banks are consolidating themselves through mergers and acquisitions. Private sector Banks have pioneered internet banking, phone banking, anywhere banking, and mobile banking, debit cards, Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) and combined various other services and integrated them into the mainstream banking 1 MOBILE BANKING arena, while the PSBs are still grappling with disgruntled employees in the aftermath of successful VRS schemes. Also, following India‟s commitment to the W To agreement in respect of the services sector, foreign banks, including both new and the existing ones, have been permitted to open up to 12 branches a year with effect from 1998-99 as against the earlier stipulation of 8 branches. A wide spectrum of Mobile/branchless banking models is evolving. However, no matter what business model, if mobile banking is being used to attract low-income populations in often rural locations, the business model will depend on banking agents, i.e., retail or postal outlets that process financial transactions on behalf of banks. The banking agent is an important part of the mobile banking business model since customer care, service quality, and cash management will depend on them. Many Telco‟s will work through their local airtime resellers. However, banks in Colombia, Brazil, Peru, and other markets use pharmacies, bakeries, etc. Already, banks such as ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank have forged alliances with Prudential Life and Standard Life respectively. This is one segment that is likely to witness a greater deal of action in the future. In the near term, the low interest rate scenario is likely to affect the spreads of majors. This is likely to result in a greater focus on better asset-liability management procedures. Consequently, only banks that strive hard to increase their share of fee-based revenues are likely to do better in the future. 2 MOBILE BANKING CHAPTER 1 Introduction Mobile banking is a way for the customer to perform banking actions on his or her cell phone or other mobile device. It is a quite popular method of banking that fits in well with a busy, technologically oriented lifestyle. It might also be referred to as M- banking or SMSbanking. The amount of banking one is able to do on their cell phone varies depending on the banking institution one uses. Some banks offer only the option of text alerts, which are messages sent to their cell phone that alert them to do activity on their account such as deposits, withdrawals, and ATM or credit card use. This is the most basic type of mobile banking. A more involved type of mobile banking allows the user to log into his or her account from a cell phone, and then use the phone to make payments, check balances, transfer money between accounts, notify the bank of a lost or stolen credit card, stop payment on a check, receive a new PIN, or view a monthly statement, among other transactions. This type of banking is meant to be more convenient for the consumer than having to physically go into a bank, log on from their home computer, or make a phone call. While all of this is true, some are concerned about the security of mobile banking. Most experts advise against performing any large transactions over mobile banking, which is good advice. However, it is equally important to use an alphanumeric password and to keep your PIN safe. Change your password often, and do not use your pets' names, your child's name, or any birthdays. This advice applies to all passwords, not just those used for mobile banking. Though you are logging on to a secure server at the bank through your cell phone, you need to do your part to protect your information. For this reason, many banks are now sending one-time use passwords for an extra step in security. A one-time use password might be sent to a cell phone or other device whencustomerwishes to log into their account. You will then usually need to enter both the password you have already set, along with the one-time use password, 3 MOBILE BANKING within a certain period of time. The one-time use password expires, naturally, after it is used once or after a time limit has passed. Using two passwords increases the security of the account, an important concern with mobile banking. The kind of banking and financial service that gives a real-time mobile access to customer on the move is called mobile banking. Mobile banking to the banking activity that is carried out on mobile (cell) phones that is banking is enabled even while a person is on the move. In modern times, information exchange takes place at great speed. The dependence of people on computing devices such as computers, cellular phone, pager, facsimile machine, e-mail and internet is growing at galloping rate. Such as growth has made the real time exchange of information a reality. At the same time it has also thrown challenges to modern enterprises. Which prompt them to act in a proactive manner so as to stay competitive in the business world. The constant innovation happening in the realm of electronic banking and financial services has contributed to a new development called „mobile banking‟ this may be attributed to the forth coming demand from the mobile workforce. The increasingly growing number of mobile workforce has really given a cutting edge to the progress of the electronic banking. The information which includes checking of account balance, request for a Cheque book, stop payment instruction, changing primary operation account, request for current periods‟ account statement to the mailed and access summaries of last three transactions performed on the account. The number of people using mobile banking services has increased. While the trend is growing, lack of awareness of services, apart from perceived security issues are inhibiting faster takeoff. It was clear at the start itself that this would be a battle focused not on technology, but on the mindset of the target audience. Over two years after the launch of mobile banking services in the country, that bridge has been reached and many are beginning to walk those cautious steps across it. Yes, the usage of mobile banking services is increasing, and fast against Dataquest‟s estimated user base of under 10,000 for mobile banking services in 2000, there are over 120,000 today who SMS from their banking. Even despite targeting a respondent profile that would bring in more positive answers than negative, threw up very low usage numbers. Also, 4 MOBILE BANKING E-commerce as a medium of purchasing and transacting has not really caught on, and the basket of mobile banking offerings is, in itself, very limited. The good news the technology backbone is in place, and getting better. There‟s CDMA, there‟s GSM. Forget their battles on the mobile telephony front from the consumer‟s point of view; he never had it so good. The recent price cuts are also likely to help, “say banking experts, adding that this will lead to “increasing willingness to move on to mobile, and therefore, to the value-added services that most operators offer today “The Internet is revolutionizing the way the financial industry conducts business, empowering organization with new business model and new ways to interact with customers. The ability to perform banking transactions online banks and brokers who offer personalized services through their web portals. This increased competition is driving traditional financial institutions to find new ways to add value to their product and services, gain competitive advantage and increase customer loyalty while also attracting new, high-value client. A mobile banking conceptual model:- In one academic model mobile banking is defined as: "Mobile Banking refers to provision and an ailment of banking- and financial services with the help of mobile telecommunication devices. The scope of offered services may include facilities to conduct bank and stock market transactions, to administer accounts and to access customized information." According to this model Mobile Banking can be said to consist of three inter-related concepts: Mobile Accounting Mobile Brokerage Mobile Financial Information Services 5 MOBILE BANKING Most services in the categories designated Accounting and Brokerage are transaction-based.
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