SOCIETY FOR CALIFORNIA A R CHAEOLOGY NEWSLETTER VOLUME 11 NO 3 JULY 1977
.EXEDUTIVE BOARD AND DATA SHARING MEEI'INGS SEr COALITION PROPOSES MOJAVE DESERT PARK "The Mojave National Park Coalition, a Barstow Southern Data Sharing Meetings have been set based group, is calling for the establisbllent ' of a for October 15 at Pierce College in Woodland Hills, national park or monument in the eastern Mojave and Northern Data Shari ng will be at Sonoma on Desert. The proposed area lies between interstates October 22nd. An Executive Board Meet ing will be 15 and 40 and includes a number of historic and pre held Saturday, September 9th, at Dave Frederickson•s, historic sites: the Cima Dome, the Kelso Dunes, the 1940 Parker St., Berkeley, 94704. An Executive Mo jave Cinder Cones, the Providence Mountains Board meeting will also be held in conjunction (including Mitchell's Caverns), t he Mo jave Trail and with the Sonoma meetings in Oc tober. the Government Road used prior to the Civil War. Three major types of desert vegetation, 47 species of animals, 200 species of birds, and 36 species of reptiles have been noted in this area. The unusual WINTER COMES TO EUREKA character of the Eastern Mo.jave region and the need to provide a greater measure of protection have Joe Winter, SCA President, has resigned his been recognized by both the National Park Service job at San Jose State to accept a position as and the California Park System." archaeologist with the U.S. Forest Service at Six Rivers National Forest. As of September 1st, CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL COURIER he may be contacted at the Six Rivers National 5/77. Forest office, 710 E Street, Eureka, CA 95501, SPEX::IAL FISHING RIGHTS DENIED TO NATIVE AMERICANS (707)442-1721 "Special fishing rights granted to American Indians more than 100 years ago under federal treaties have been denied to their descendants by STATE TASK FORCE HEARS TESTIMONY FROM the Washington Supreme Court. The ruling was a ARCHAEOLOGISTS AND NATIVE AMERICANS victory for non-Indian fishermen who ha.d challenged the special fishing s easons granted to the Indians. A State Task Force composed of representatives In writing t he majority opinion, Justice Hugh J of state agencies , the California State Legislature, Rosellini said that as U. S. citizens, native and the general public has just completed a series Americans •can neither be denied equal protection of investigative hearings to solicit oral and _ _ of~the-laws-nor granted spec1al·pr i vileges and i.rritten testimony from individuals and organiza immunities."' tions involved in geothermal development. Ron May, Dave Fredrickson and Clyde Kuhn testified as expert LOS ANGELES TIMES 6/10/77 witnesses on behalf of the archaeological and scientific community, while Art Pheland and Stan Meyer (of the Sierra Mono Indian Museum) testified on behalf of the Native American community. The VILLAGE SI TE DISCOVERED AT CLEAR LAKE culmination of the task force' s investigation will be a report with recommendations for specific "Traces of a village possibly as old as 12, 000 actions to the Legislature and the Governor. years have been uncovered in Northern California by an archaeologist working on a routine survey for C ~YDE KUHN 6/17/77 a sewer project. Ann Peak said she and her associ ates found small chips and obsidian tools in rodent burrows while working on an environmental impact report this week on the east end of Clear Lake. They dug down about 10 feet and found the village site, she reported. Lab tests to determine the age of the tools will not be concluded until next month." LOS ANGELES TIMES Next News Deadline Sept. 9 6/17/77 ORANGE COUNTY BOARD DEX:ISION AJlOUT FUNDING lle•p iqformed ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND EXCAVATION "Orange county may spend $208,000 over the next year protecting archaeological sites Keith Dixon, CSU, Long Beach, was appointed a from developers~nearly triple the initial member of the Orange County Historical Commission estimate of the program's cost. by the Board of Supervisors on April 20th• ••• "County supervisors Tuesday, after SLOCAS reports Georgia Lee has returned to Santa raising questions about the higher cost, Barbara from her studies on the East Coast ••• and ordered the Environmental Management Agency (:EMA) Einar Berg is preparing a large mural in the to get board approval each time and of the money office of the Dpartment of Development in SLO, is spent. showing a map of the county with archaeological artifacts portrayed (Artifact, July-August 1977). "The funds will be used to help resolve the lingering dispute between developers and scientists Although it has been claimed frequently that over the preservation of archaeological sites. the Antiquities Act of 1906 lacks teeth or applica The developers claim their projects have been tion, Bobby Greenwood notes that it was invoked slowed by concerns over what sort of bones and in the desert recently when the federal government pottery lie buried beneath· ·the building site, took a meteorite found by-·some prospectors. Even while the archaeologists feel the builders though the prospectors had filed a prospect claim aren't being sensitive to the necessity of saving quickly, the Bll1 claimed title under the Antiquities the artifacts. Act, brought in a helicopter to airlift the massive meteor out of the canyon where it had been found, "The supervisors stepped into the feud three a...~d announced that it would be sent to the weeks ago following a report by a committee of Smithsonian Institution•••• developers and archaeologists. The board agreed that the county would pay .for excavation and Bobby also sent on the following comments, or preservation of the artifacts by tacking the cost mini-review, on a play called The Mound Builders, onto the building and grading pe:rmit fees charged by Lanford Wilson, which SCA members may want to developers. watch for: "The plot involves a senior-type archae ologist and his young assistant, with their assorted, "In approving the funding mechanism, the board troubled wives, involved in a race against time in acknowledged that the end results would be slightly their efforts to complete research at a mound site higher prices for homes built on the sites. threatened with inundation. Complications and the "At the time, El1A dire~tor George Osborne central issue arise from the conflict between the estimated that the program would cost about S75,000 local landowner who stands to profit from new lake a year. But Tuesday, Osborne said the figure could
side development, and the archaeologists who are go as high as $208 1 000 a year. Osborne said themselves exploiting the site in te:rms of univers $33,000 of that money will pay the salary and fringe ity grants, their own advancement, and the summer benefits of a full-time archaeologist to be hired field school. The play is excellent, and both sides by EMA. •••The rest will be set aside to pay for fairly presented. Even the details (trowel in the excavation of sites to recover the artifacts and back pocket) are accurate, since Jim Hill was the to acquire 'significant• sites. advisor to cast and crew. A most unusual theater experience." "Osborne said the developers will still have to pay for an initial archaeological survey of their Ike Eastvold, Chairman, and members of the property, which will be evaluated by the county's Desert Watch group, have been working with members archaeologist. of the Colorado River Tribes to fence and protect four intaglio (giant ground figure) sites on "The county will then decide whether fuxther reservation lands. Three of the 4 figures were excavation is needed or whether the builder can go recently found to have been damaged by motorcycles,, ahead with his project. although Ea.stvold describes the damage as "not yet substantial." The figu:res include concentric "A decision by the county's archaeologist can circles, orbed rod shapes, and wavy snake shapes, be appealed to the Planning Commission, Osborne the longest measuring about 150 feet. Anyone said. interested in helping with the important projects scheduled for this summer {near Perris 0 Hemet, .and "Osborne conceded that it is difficult to Mockingbird Canyon, F.iverside--County-)-1-sh ·ciul:d- a._~y_predict wha:t_J;~~8"EUll will cost. contact Ike at 541 Frospect St., Highgrove, CA Thorough archaeological surveys have never been 92507, (714) 787--0870 or 787-2551 •• .'. done in the south part of the county where most of the housing construction is taking place and where The California Desert Conservation Area Advisory most of the 'significant' archaeological sites are Committee met July 7-9th at UC, Riverside, to make thought to exist. basic decisions about the work program for the California Desert Plan, interim management actions "He said he expected to .have a revised building of the BLM on the desert, .and public participation. and grading permit fee schedule for the board's Can anyone give us some input on results of the approval within 90 days." meetings? . PATRICK BOYLE ••• The ~au of Land Management's Bishop Re source Los Angeles Times, 6/??/77 Resource A:rea office has moved to a more accesssible (no date giv.en on clipping) location at 873 North Main Street, Bishop, from its office 10 miles north of Bishop. The new phone number is (714) 872-4881, and office hours are 7!30 A.M. to 4:15 P.M. Ben Collins remains Bishop Resource Area Mana~er, and welco.nes visii;ors ai; the new l ocation. 2 rJ · LUISENO AND OFFICIALS AGREE TO DELAY I-15 to be advertised for construction bids last April, FREEMAY FOR FURTHER ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY are a stretch from . 6 of a mile south of Deer Springs Road to 1.2 miles north of that road, and "Construction of two key Interstate 15 grading for a two-mile stretch from Gopher Canyon freeway construction projects will be delayed Road to south of Lilac Road. The first project is another six to eight months under an agreement estimated to cost $10 million and the second $1 2 yesterday between the Luiseno Indians and state million• and federal officials. "Gray said originally work on both projects was "The construction north of here already has slated to start around July 1 " been delayed for two months while the signifi • cance of archeological finds along the route JOHN BERHMAN were studied. The San Diego Union 6/18/77, page B-3 "However, it was agreed that more time is needed.
"For their part, the Indians said they wanted to see the $22 million freeway projects proceed, but they also wanted as many Indian archeological finds along the route preserved a s possible. ~UIDERS OF NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION NAMED
"To achieve this, the Luiseno spokesmen "Gov. F.dmund Brown Jr. named 10 persons, all of said they want either an archeologist or anthro them Indians, to a new state commission formed to pologist if their choosing, accompanied by preserve sites that are important to Indians. 'trained Indian observers' to follow the con struction progress to insure the preservation "The Native American Heritage Commission, of the archeological finds. created by 1976 legislation, is charged with identi fying, cataloging and preserving places of religious "The Indians added, however, that since many or social significance to Indians. of the finds may be of a religious nature and because Indians consider it sacreligious to dig "Named this "Week are a full-time executive up burial grounds, that no special excavation secretary, who will be paid $24,000 annually, and efforts should be conducted along the way. nine commission members, "Who will be paid only expenses for meetings. "California Department of Transportation officials said the state would comply with the "The executive secretary is Stephen Rios, 29, a Indians recommendations, but they also pointed member of the Juaneno Band of San Juan Capistrano out that the requests to save the archeological Hission Indians. He is a lawyer who has been ,.. finds will require approval from the Federal serving as consultant to the commission. Highway Ad.ministration, the National Advis ory Council on Historic Preservation and the state "The commission members are: Historical Preservation office. -Abby Abbinanti, 29, a Eureka lawyer who is a • "A CalTrans official said later that probably member of the Yurok tribe. will mean several public hearings, involving not only Luiseno but other Indians throughout the -Ed Castillo, 29, of Riverside, a member of state, as well as archeological and historical the Cahuilla tribe who is associated with the societies. American Friends Service Committee California Indian fieldworker headquarters in San Franc isco. "Following a meeting yesterday in San Diego, both sides also said in a joint press release that - Patricia Duro, 42, of Valley Center, a the time for all this to be accomplished 'is not member of the Luiseno tribe. known at this time. -Jay Johnson, 45, Yosemite Park, a descendent "But Ca1Trans 1 James Gray, the design engineer of the Yosemite Valley Tribe who has been with the on the two projects, l at er said, 'I guess it will Nat ional Park Service for 24 years. ------tak_: at le~~!~~~ eight m~r:ths~------Milton Marks, 62, of McKinleyville, a member "The two projects already have been delayed two of the Yurok tribe and chairman of the Northwest months at the request of t:r.e Luiseno: Indian Cemetery Protection Association.
"At first it was feared the Indians might want -Jane Penn, 67, of Banning, a member of the the freeway project diverted around an a rea where Wanakik and Cahuilla tribes, and a co-founder of the bones of a red-tailed hawk were uncovered. The the Malki Museum on the Morongo Indian reservation. bones symbolize the burial of an Indian chief or s ome other important member of the tribe, and it - Blanche Shippentower, 64, of Bishop, an was thought the Indians might not want the elder of the Paiute tribe. suspected burial ground dug up. --Ca-ta-rrum (Mabel McKay), 70 , of Santa Rosa, "Their statement indicated yeaterday that the a member of the Pomo tribe and a medicine woman planned route may r emain the same. They asked, and basket maker. however, that all the archeological findings be placed in one location not far from the freeway so --Talbert Wilson, 68, of Cassel, a member of that they would at least be preserved to that the Pit River tribal council." extent. ESCONDIDO TIMES-ADVOCATE • "The two :freeway projects, which were scheduled 6/17/77, page A-17 3 reprinted in hardcover by the California Book Company of Berkeley in 1953, is again available as a paperback from Dover at s10.oo.11
LOS ANGELES TIMES 5/31/77
California Indian Education Association. Early American (r.ewcletter of the ".sio:oci:it ~on~ PHOENIX ARISES FROH T""rlE ASHES OF BAAN S3.50 per year (tax deduc-.ible) . 1'. 0. Box ,\09), Modesto, CA 95352 The first issue of the successor to the Bay Area Anthropology News is newly published by Phoenix Associates of Stanford, California. Entitled Department of Parks and Recreation, State of Calif. Phoenix, New Directions in the Study of }!an, the California Invento of Historical Resources. new journal seeks to apply the "exciting new 284 pp., map, $3.00. Sacramento, 95811: findings by researchers in the physical and Dept. of Parks and Recreation, P.O. Box 2390 . medical sciences and in transpersonal psychology. These pioneers are leading the way towards a new Hester, Thomas R. and others. "Gre:>.t Basin understanding of the cosmos and man's place in it, Anthropological Papers," University of Calif., often making use of anthropological data on shaman Archaeolo ·cal Research Facili Contribution ism, trance states, altered states of consciousness, No . 35 , April 1977 150 pp., $6. 00 Archaeo dreams, visions, and concepts of time." The first 11 logical Materials f rom a Site. in the Black Rock issue, 51 pages (8~ x 10-3/4 ) is attractively Desert of Northern Nevada, by Thomas R. Hester; produced, printed on good quality paper. Articles Evidence for the Farly Occupation of the Washoe include a preface setting out some of the questions Lake Basin, by T.R. Hester and Lucy R. Jameson; and approaches of the journal (for example, "What A Preliminary Statistical Analysis of Chipped about the field researcher's own powers of expandeQ Crescents from the Great Basin, by Jimmy L. awareness~can they also be used as a useful means Mitchell, Paula Rosa, Stanley Castagnetto, and of searching for truth? •••'Nhat is the potential use T.R. Hester; Inadequacy of Coprolites and of psychics in the excavation of sites, sacred or Random Fecal Specimens as Dietary Indicators, otherwise? •••What will be the role of anthropology by B.P. Poovaiah, L.K. Napton and D. H.Calloway; in bringing about a new world picture?"); an article Fish Remains from Thea Heye Cave, NV-Wa- 385 , by William A. Tiller, "Toward a Future Medicine Washoe County, Nevada, by W.I.Follett; Civa Based on Controlled Energy Fields"; ".Emergent Shelter, Nye County, Nevada-Report .of Test Cultural Systems: The Psychocultural Evolution of Excavations, by Colin I. Busby; Ancient Indian Ma.n"by Ronald L. Campbell; "Anthropology and Psychic Camp in Nevada Described, by R.J Penrose; Research," by Robert L. Van de Castle; and an Notes on Boundaries and Culture of the Panamint article by Philip S. Staniford describing and Shoshone and Owens Valley Paiute, by Gordon L. analyzing a 1975 pilgrimage to the sacred mount Grosscup.) Cuchama, with the implications which he draws from what he experienced there. A book review by David E. Jones of Psychic Archeology by Jeffrey Goodman BASKETRY BOOK BY ROZAIRE AVAILABLE (Putnam, N.Y., 1977), will also be of interest. The Editorial Board contains namP-s of a number A new publication compiling the infonnation of Bay Area anthropologists who are familiar to BAAN's about the North American Indian basket collection former readers: Tisa Abshire-Walker, Ronald L. ~~ of the Bowers Museum and the traveling exhibition Campbell, Lynn B, Clark, Lawrence G. Desmond , Shirley being circulated by the Smithsonian Institution W. Lee, Phyllis H. Mattson, and Philip s. Staniford. Traveling Exhibition Service is now available. Volume 1, No. 2 of Phoenix is planned for Fall 1977, The publication, Indian Basketry of Western North and can be obtained by sending a check for $6. 00 America, was written by Dr. Charles Rozaire of the payable to Phoenix Associates, 880 Lathrop Drive, Los Angeles County Natural History Museum and is Stanford, CA 94305. The journal will be published selling for $8.95 plus tax. "en an occasional basis, as contents and interest indicate." The baskets illustrated in the book have never been purlicly displayed before. The baskets represent 26 tribal areas and were selected for the ~of weavingtechnique, as well as function which best illustrate the- overail pano:!'ama orthe :EMERSON ON THE ABORIGINAL MAN cultures represented. The book gives illustrated examples of the various kinds of weaving techniques "The aboriginal man, in geology and in the dim employed by the basket weavers. The three basic lights of Darwin's microscope, is not an engaging figure, We are very glad that he ate his fishes and techniques oftwinin i:: ,,~oiling, and plaiting are discussed and placed in a cultural context from snails and marrow-bones out of our sight and hearing, the standpoint of present basket work as well as and that his doleful experiences were got through that of the past. There are 16 color illustrations with so very long ago. They combed his mane , they as well as the numerous black and white illustrations pared his nai1s, cut 0££ his tail, set him on end, of the 124 baskets. sent him to school and made him pay taxes, before he could write his sad story for the compassion or NANCY PETERSON WALTER the repudiation of his descendants, who are all but unanimous to disown him. We must take him as we find him~pretty well on in his education, and, in all our knowledge of him, an interesting creature, KROEBER'S HANDBOOK NOW IN PAPERBACK with a will, a.n invention, an imagination, a conscience and a.n inextinguishable hope." ·~.L. Kroeber' s Handbook of the Indians of California, originally published in 1925 as a RALPH WALDO :EMERSON, quoted in Bulletin of the Dureau of American Ethnology of The Interamerican, Vol. 23, the Smithsonian Institution, and subsequently No. 6, page 5 (Nov.-Dec. 1976) 4 R,WIE,'tl' : SALVAGE OF A LUISENO SITE A'f' CARLSBAD, NEAR AGUA HEDIONDA Li1.;00N In final comment, it might be noted that special report sections were included in the report, a~ follows: Faunal Analysis, Dana Bleitz; Culture Darcy Ike, an archaeologist ~urrently History~ Bette J. Ga=ett; Prehistoric Ceramic employed by Scripps Institute of Oceanography Analysis, Ron Hay; Fish Fauna Analysis, Mark Roeder to analyze the W-1 2 collection recovered last Lithic Analysis, Darcy Ike. Not only are these ' summer, conducted the salvage of if-137, a reports very comprehensive, but the editors expended Luiseno habitation site, during April and May, the effort to illustrate animals, plants, stone 1977 A 259- page report was written and tools, hypothetical functions of the tools, and then edited by Douglas M. Flower, Darcy Ike, and carefully integrate the information into the inter Linda M. Roth, entitled "Archaeological pretive summary of the report. In all, this report Investigation at W-137 (SDi-4990) , Carlsbad, is perhaps the most comprehensive report available California," and filed at the San Diego State on coastal Luiseno to date and is recommended reading University .Anthropology Department District 11 to all archaeologists working in this region of the Clearinghouse. state. The site was .first recorded by the late RON MAY 7/4/77 Malcolm J. Rogers in the 1920 1 s and l ater re-visited by Richard Ca=ico during an EIR survey for Westec Services. Ike, Flower, and Ro th received the contract for the salvage.
The salvage removed 33. 6 cubic meters over REPORT FROM THE SAN DIFbO COUNTY 3 loci, which has been calculated to be over DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 17% of the total. However, this percentage is actually a great deal more than it appears since Since the beginning of the year, the San Diego a greater percentage of the site has been in County Department of Transportation has been in advertently damaged by mechanical equipment; volved in several archaeological projects. Staff hence the salvage portion i s a higher percentage archaeologists Gary Fink and Janet Hightower have of the surviving area. prepared environmental documents on both the project level and sub-regional level of analysis. The typology was compared to D. L. True' s Amongthem are the following: San Luis Rey II Complex site at Molpa on Palomar Mountain (see True, Meighan, and Crew, Santee ORV Park EIR~A preliminary assessment 1974) The idea was to distinguish similarities of a 1500-acre parcel of land in Santee to be used and differences in the coastal and mountain as an off-road vehicle park. Five Kumeyaay sites patterns. Certain data from R.V May' s field were recorded, ranging from single milling stations report to P. H. Ezell on a mountain Diegueno to a major vill~ site. Among some of the unique (Kumeyaay) site at Kitchen Creek and True' s features found were two rock walled structures and Diegueno (Kumeyaay) site at Cuyamaca Mountain to a rain rock. Although all sites were heavily im i'urther distinguish cultural and regional patterns. pacted, further work will be done in the near future.
The data substantiate True's finding that his Willow Glen Bridge~A historical study on a Type 1 "Cottonwood Triangle" point is -"typically" unique bridge in Fallbrook. Luiseno, while it is second to his Type 5 "Desert Side-Notched" point at "typical" Diegueno Palomar Shredder EIR~Tw o small La Jollan sites assemblages. were found on this 23- acre project near Palomar Airport in Carlsbad. The analysis revealed significant distinctions between mountain Luiseno (Molpa) and coastal Luiseno Ramona Community Plan~Field examination of (W- 137) assemblages. Fo:::- example, 11olpa tended to all previously recorded sites in this 120 square have a more developed grinding/pounding assemblage, mile area was done. A total of 56 sites recorded while W-1 37 tended to emphasize cutting , chopping, at San Diego State University and San Diego Museum and scraping. A=owpoint[i while similar in type of Man were examined, and 13 of them were recommended and frequency, constituted a smaller part of the for Resource Conservation Areas. Such status would W- 137 assemblage, suggesting either a reduction in insure their protection from future destruction. emphasis or difference in hunting modes. Trade is more evident in lithic and ceramic types from W-137 Poway Community Plan~This project was an ___ an
"'I believe that there is a good chance that the CLIFF SMITH technology exhibited in this tool and others The San Diego Union recovered could be derived from technology utilized 5/4/77, page B-1 by mid-Pleistocene peoples at Choukoutien,' Smith told Chia in a cover letter.
"Choukoutien is a famous archeological site near Peking which yielded the bones of a 500,000- year-old pre-man (Homo erectus) dubbed Peking Ma.n, EDITORIAL BY RON MAY: INDIANS AND as well as the remains of modern humans (Homo ARCHAEOLOGISTS WORKING TOGETHER sapiens) who lived in the area approximately 250,000 years ago. Consider this an editorial and report of cooperation and peaceful deali~between "Smith said the artifact mailed to China was a archaeologists and Indians as seen through the quartzite core, the center of a rock from which, eyes of the San Diego Regional Editor. A recent scraping and cutting tools were flaked. He said incident north of Escondido along the proposed the core was found on a mesa above the north edge Interstate 15 has lit the ·fire of bad feelings among of Mission Valley. certain of my colleagues toward Indian relations and resource "ma:ria.gement". Since I was the first "'This core is virtually identical to District 11 Archaeologist appointed by the Society numerous others first discovered by Dr. George F. for California Archaeology/State Division of Carter of Texas A & M Univer sity in 1957, 1 Smith Highways in 1970 and initially responsible for said in an interview. locating sites in the path of road and f reeway construction, I believe that I have the right to "Carter made his initial find at a site half correct some ethnocentric and u..~sophisticated way up the south bluff of Mission Valley near Texas impressions. Street. In 1973, rrumerous additional tools of the same type and ancient hearths were discovered in First, you should all know that Indians and Mission Valley and in Buchannan Canyon by Carter, archaeologists have been working together peace Herbert L. Minshall and D.:c·. James R, Moriarty. fully for years and that negotiations have been calm, orderly, and in compliance with the sovereignty of both Caltrans and the Rincon Band "Minshall is the author of a recently published Copley Books volume, entitled 'The Broken Stones, of Mission Indians. the Case for Early Man in California,• which des cribes a long struggle by Carter and others to Second, you should recognize that throughout the conduct of "archaeological resource management" gain acceptance of their theorie~ that man had been in America much longer than is commonly since 1970, most of my colleagues have lived by the ethnocentrism that "Land development of believed. California and loss of resources can proceed just "Moriarty is a professor of archec.log::r an.:J as long as archaeologists can excavate some history at the TJniversi ty of San Diego. compromised percentage, analyze remains, and write a funded report," The unmentioned corollary is the "Early last inonth Dr. B.O.K. Reeves of the fact that the citizens of California lose the University of Calgary reported finding tools greater percentage of these resources to the bull· and hearths of the ancient culture throughout dozer, earthmover, and finally some housing sub Mission Valley and on adjacent mesas. division. Annually, we ethnocentrically turn our heaG.-s- to--the dest-ruetion-<>cf.-f-rom 700), to- 95%-of "Reeves was l ed to many of the sites by incalculably valuable and non-renewable archaeo Minshall and Moriarty. Others were discovered logical sites! by Reeves. Carter and his colleagues have long believed that the artifacts could be as old as 100,000 years. When a government jurisdiction "recognizes" an archaeologist it assumes the opionions of that "Last Wednesday, Moriarty announced that archaeologist to represent the California Public. one 0£ the important archeological s ites bearing As anthropologists, we should always be aware of evidence of at least twoprimitive Indian cultures this awesome responsibility. A percentage and possibly much older cultures would be system scientific salvage is not always the proper or atically excavat ed. sole answer when a site coincides with a signifi cant cultural resource. "The site is just off North Hotel Circle on property owned by the Atlas Hotels chain, Finally, we come to the existence of band/ reservation sovereiantv of values among California "Smith said Reeves had sent Chia two dozen Native Americans. Again as anthropologists, we all photographs taken of the San Diego rock t ools. should be aware that there is no "Pan-Indian View point" regarding scientific excavation. Futherrnore,
·:'-'8 each sovexeign band may differ in opiruon as to It was denied. "compromising mitigation" of different kinds of sites. I find it outrageous for archaeologists to 2. Warner' s Springs, 1976-. The County of San charge inconsistency when the Rincon Band of Diego requested the opinion of CILS and the Pala Mission Indians "allegedly" told Cal trans to Band of Mission Indians with respect to a proposed bulldoze the Deer Springs Site and then the 1100 unit condominium project, fishing lake, tennis Southern California Tribal Chairman's Association courts, and club house at the former site of the sued the County of San Diego for issuing grading village of Cupa and around the existing hot springs. permit on the Kumeyaay village of Net!. This sort Archaeologists from the San Diego County Archaeo • of unsophisticated logic is like comparing apples logical Society, the Archaeological Fellowship of to oranges. San Diego State University, and such individuals as In both cases, Indians an~ archaeologists myself joined the Southern California Tribal worked together to arrive at their respective Chairman's Association in recommending the County conclusions. Let me briefly enlighten the SCA require an EIR on the potential adverse impacts to membership as to how the Deer Springs incident the religious and village sites. The Pala Band transpired. In 1972, the State Division of Highwa;rs demanded ri ts to the artifacts and scientific entered into a contract with me to survey those information at the site. At that time I was not portions of I-15 where permission was secured; two a County employee). The County required an EIR, portions were under condemnation proceedings and but none have been submitted and the sites remain the owners were hostile to trespass by State protected. officials. My survey of all other portions revealed only a destroyed site, a milling station, 3. Lattimer Site, 1976-. While backhoeing a pit a black-stained soil area (devoid of artifacts), for a septic tank on Paulie Lattimer's ranch on the and an historic farm equipment dump. I-15 was then Pala Indian Reservation, an electrician discovered given a "conditional Negative Declaration" by the a human burial. The Lattimers then contacted CILS State, requiring salvage and survey of the unstudied which in turn requested me to assist the Lattimers' portions following acquisition. All the sites in in removing the remains for scientific study; the question were discovered in 1976 by Caltrans feeling among the people of Pala wa.s that the employees and tested by that department i n the individual "wanted" to be found and there was spring of 1977 Although I have not been District "a story to be told." Assisted by Rose Tyson of Archaeologist since 1973, Cal trans then requested the San Diego Museum of Man, Wayne Tyson, Marty advice as to how to contact "California Indians" B~e, Laurie Orange, and fun Lattimer, I super for their opinions as to the discovered sites. I vised the excavation, column sampling, photography, arranged for Caltrans employees to meet with the note-taking, and recovery of the burial. Over 30 Southern Califor_.ia Tribal Chairman's Association. Luiseno and Cupefio Indians observed the recovery Calt'rans presented the history of the discoveries in good spirits and with many helpful suggestions, and informed them of a possible ceremonial find Paulie Lattimer is currently assisting Rose Tyson (here I interject sincere skepticism that a small to "discover" the story of the ancient individual~ clutch of bird bones coinciding under three small rocks could possibly be so definitely classed as an 4. Bancroft Ranch House, 1976, 1977-. In the 19th "Fagle Ceremony Burial"). The Tribal Chairman's Century, the late Hubert Howe Bancroft built a Association then appointed a committee to visit the house atop a small portion of the Kumeyaay village si~e.and meet with the elders at Rincon for an of Net!; a site estimated by Russell Kaldenberg to opiruon. approximate 50 acres in size. Since 1969, San Diego • State University and later San Diego Mesa College The truth of the matter is that Eagle Ceremonies have been test excavating portions of the site in are still an important and very private affair a community-wide program with the Spring Valley integral in the sovereignty of the Rincon Band. Historical Society. The Valle De Oro Community While other bands might not place equal value on Pla!'..ning Group has placed this as the first priority such a finding (no matter how remote the possibility for a community park, A letter from Tony Pinto, that the remains might be part of such a ceremony), Chairman of Cuyapipe Indian Reservation concurrently the elders of the Rincon Band decided that discovery urges park acquisition. In the fall of 1976, of secret and religious ceremonial places is totally illegal grading damaged a large portion of the site unacceptable. Given the ultimatum that either the and archaeologists and Indians were outraged. The site be excavated or bulldozed, the leaders chose Board of Supervisors promised an ordinance, but it the latter. No matter what the opinions of other has yet to surface. In May/June of 1977, more sovereign bands or individual Indians or archaeolo grading occurred and this time the County allegedly gists, the difficult opinion was rendered. issued a grading permit. Following further · community, archaeologist, and Indian outcry, CILS The qu2stion then comes to mind: "Are the was directed by the Southern California Tribal -a-rchaeol-ogists being· truly respunsib-:J:-e--irrrecommend Chairman~s-Asso.c iation to sue- for. destruction _(_the_ ing/accepting a percentage salvage and report at all merits cannot be argued, since the San Diego Editor archaeological sites, in the name of the California is a County employee and cannot defend or attack public?" Could this not be one of those cases where the case) the value of the site outweighs the proposed project (ref: CEQA of 1970; Hixon v. County of Los Angeles The conclusion of this lengthy editorial is not 38 Cal. App. 3d 370, 382, 113 Cal. Rptr. 433 , 440 to defend all California Indians for their differing (1974)). opinions regarding preservation and destruction of Let us now turn to the prlma~ ;;oi11t of this archaeological sites, nor is it to point an accusing editorial, the fact that archaeolc..gists and. Indians finger at California archaeologists who too often do work together, albeit not always in total agree compromise the greater bulk of public resources, but ment. Here are some classic examples: rather to illustrate that archaeologists and Indians Vallecitos Stage Station, 1972-. The County of are working in concert given the limitations of our San Diego requested input from the SCA District centrisms and value systems to protect and save that Archaeologist and California Indian Legal Services which we can for all California citizens. I finnly regardi ng a proposed gas station, dance hall, and adhere to the philosophy t hat as anthropologists, ~V park in this portion of the Anza-Borrego Desert. we SCA members ought to be more aware of the complex nature of differences between sovereign Indian ~e District Archaeologist revealed tha t a Kumeyaay cemetery would be destroyed and CILS joined Indians groups and our shared interest in resource protec and archaeologists in presenting recommendations to tion. the County Planning Commission to deny the projP.ct. RONALD V MAY 7/4/77 9 <· •;:' ~ental Quality (CEQ) standards for reference and response to opposing viewpoints and project alterna tives in a meaningf'ul manner apply only to an EIS Politic1 & Arcliaeology and not the EARs. In fact, recommendations on the preparation of an EIS do not even appear in BLM EA.Rs. Similarly, EIAs are prepared in accordance AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ODYSSEY II: with the relevant agency's own regulations for GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT rn CALIFORNIA: implementing NEPA but not according to CEQ. guide AN INTERIM REPORT FOR THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL lines for the preparation of an EIS. EARs, EAs and COMMUNITY (Part I) EIAs have been issued by the respective Federal by CLYDE KUHN agencies prior to the decision to lease certain KGRS and geothermal activity area lands, prior to In the cou:rse of a two year investigation, Beth the decision to pe:rniit site specific geothermal Jersey and I have discovered that geothermal prospecting on the leaseholds, and after geothermal development in California poses a direct and projects had been authorized and were in progress immediate threat to a number of environmental on Federally managed lands. values, including cultural resources. We have also encountered strong evidence to suggest that those What is normally thought of as an inviolable land management agencies responsible for protecting prerequisite to any Federal leasing activity is or conserving such values have been seriously negli avoided through two separate but complementary gent in taldng steps to ensure that cultural discretionary actions at two separate but critical features will be properly identified , preserved stages of geothermal activity. The surface manage or adequately mitigated prior to and during the ment agencies first do not consider the commitment geothermal development process. There is also to lease Federal land for geothermal development no reason to believe that this problem will be as a "project authorization" at the EAR level and voluntarily corrected in the near future. consequently,an EIS is not prepared. The Federal regulatory agency then does not view post-lease Programming Geothermal Development project authorization on a site specific basis a "significant undertaking" in the sense and The Federal role in geothermal development in definition of NEPA at the EA level and so an EIS California is preeminent. Basically this is is not prepared at this stage of project develop because most of the land considered potentially ment either. It is only at the field develop valuable for geothermal development in the state ment and power plant siting phase that a geo is under Federal management and under a Federal thermal EIS will be prepared by the Federal system of classification. In fact, California authorities, after an irreversible development has almost half of the total Federally designated commitment has been made and at such a time "Known Geothermal Resou=e Area" (KGRA) acreage in that most alternative options have been long ago the United States as well as vast "prospectively foreclosed. This kind of circumvention of NEPA valuable" areas. At least one source identifies safeguards also obviously foreclo_ses options for one million Federal KGRA acres in California. the protection or mitigation of environmental This clea:rly indicates where the most intensive values, and most particularly, cultural resou=es. geothermal efforts will be concentrated in the future. The Federal Scenario
••• The Federal government is on the thxeshold The following scenario is repeated for each new of a massive leasing program in which California Federal area opened for geothermal operations in public lands will be either leased competitively California: (as in the case of KGRA) or noncompetitively (as in the conversion of other existing mineral The surface management agency individually or claims and all other situations where an together with another agency prepares a geothermal application to conduct geothermal development on EAR considering either separately or together each other than KGRA land is made ) In an effort to major tract of KGRA and noncompetitively identified make more land available for geothermal prospect:ing, geothermal activity or project area in California. the Federal agencies have stepped up their leasing Preleasing archaeological and cultural resource schedules for both competitive lease sales and the evaluations may or may not entail some sampled processing of noncompetitive lease applications, portion of the proposed lease area, involving at probably in order to meet such goals as the one best no more than 25% of the total area and probab set by the Department of Interior to award one ly examined through some random sample technique million acres in geothermal leases, or the in which instead of a sample of archaeological data, equivalent of_all KGRA lands in California, by_ a sample of arbi tary grids_ or _g1.la.drants will ha_yg__ the end of 1975. This has resulted in the been obtained. On the basis of t his sample. . an appearance of a number of geothermal "Environmental archaeological sensitivity map may be applied to Analysis Records" or "Environmental Analysis the potential l ease area, or the extent and sensi Reports" (EARs), "Environmental Analyses" (EAs), and tivity of cultural resources in unsurveyed portions at least one "Environmental Impact Assessment"(EIA) of the study area may be predicted. Some areas may under what has been termed "rather tight" schedules. or may not be nominated to the National Register, and Advisory Council on Historic Preservation EA.Rs and EA.s are prepared by several Federal criteria may or may not be fully and correctly agencies at the so-called NEPA (National Environ applied to the cultural resources discovered in mental Policy Act of 1969) section 102{2)(A) level archaeological survey and inventoried i n cultural in part for the purpose of determining whether or resources evaluation. not the impacts of a proposed undertaldng are of such significance that an Environmental Impact Bo th prior to and subsequent to leasing , Statement (EIS) should be prepared in accordance prospectors can file a geothermal "Notice of Int ent" with section 102(2)(C) of NEPA. According to with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct Bureau of Land Management (Bll1) policy, the prepara the appropriate exploration activity. Prior to tion of EAiis are governed by guidelines contained leasing an EA may be pr epared in anticipation of i.Il Yarious internal marru.als. Insofar as any public preliminary geothermal prospecting, including review of EARs is concerned, input is a rather drilling shallow temperature gradient holes and pointless exercise, inasmuch as Council on Rnviron- the application of other methods to assess field 10 characteristic s or leasehold prospects. This is tion of the significance 1µ1d uniq~eness of such not cons1dered a major Federal action. Subsequent cultural and natural features encountered during to leasing , however, the USGS prepares a full drilling operations are arrived at solely by the exploration and development EA. Technically, any USGS on an individual and purely unilateral basis. specific terms and conditions stipulated by the surface management agency, including cultural A Critical Overview resource mitigation measures, and contained in the surface management agency EAR covering It is apparent that prevailing geothennal geothermal land acquisition and field development leasing and development policies and procedures are to be incorporated into the site specific plan adopted by the respective Federal agencies in of operation EA prepared by the USGS. In practice, California deliberately and openly circumvent NEPA however, most drilling i s done on Federally leased and other rules and guidelines adopted for the • lands in compliance with and according to environ conservation of the cultural environment, the mental requirements contained in a set of four preservation of cultural resources and the recovery standardized Geothermal Resource Operational of scientific information. The more adverse Orders and l ease tenns developed by the USGS as elements of the Federal geothermal program include regulatory instruments. the following points:
According to these orders and under the stand (1) Government scientists and land managers alone ardized lease tenns, a cultural resource investiga make unilateral decisions as to the occurrence, tion approved by the USGS and acceptable to the importance, and impact sensitivity of cultural surface management agency would be performed at the resources prior to development approval on the expense of the developer prior to any site specific basis of a sketchy, methodologically biased, and surface distuxbance other than casual use (the USGS limited evaluation of the surface record of past defines casual use to include geological recon human activity. This is done in direct contra naissan~e, survey and geochemical studies) The vention of the National Historic Preservation Act archaeologist would either certify that cultural (Nlll'A) and Executive Order 11593, "Protection & resource values exist or that they are absent. Enhancement of the Cultural Environment." If archaeological values are identified, and if no decision is made to relocate the drill site, a (2) In the course of development activity, mitiga salvage operation would occur, again at the cost of tion or preservation and the determination of the developer, with salvaged property remaining the significance and uniqueness of cultural resources property of the surface "owner" While the dis and related values is, at present, made on a covery of previously unlalown sites would presumedly discretionary and restricted site specific basis lead to the suspension of geothermal operations as without Advisory Council on Historic Preservation stipulated in the operating orders, an assessment or State Historic Preservation Office consultation. of the archaeological values and remedial action, The BLM is actively seeking a memorandum of agree if any, would occur on no more than an individual ment with the Advisory Council which would result site by site basis as warranted by USGS. in delaying compliance with 36 CFR 800, "Advisory Coi:.neil on Historic Preservation Procedures for the Under the most ideal conditions, then, and Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties" assuming full compliance with USGS operational until the post-leasing, s ite-specific and EA orders in the first place, cultural resources will preparation stage of geothermal development. Any be identified, avoided or salvaged at the discre such agreement developed between the Advisory tion of the USGS and the surface management agency Council and the respective Federal geothermal in the execution of site specific geothermal agencies within the context of prevailing geo operations. The effectiveness of this approach is thermal management and leasing practices would for the most part unproven in Californi a. However, clearly represent a significant threat to the at The Geysers, a northwestern California geothermal integrity and spirit of NEPA, Nlll'A, Executive area of mixed, Federal and non-Federal l and owner Order 11593 and 36 CFR 800. ship, there is no post-lease cultural resource monitoring or compliance program in effect, and (3) Incremental geothermal operations insidiously cultural resources identified in the California eat away at the cultural resource base without Environmental Quality Act EIR process on a site significantly advancing scientific knowledge, while specific basis are known to have been destr oyed or at the same time imperiling the national heritage damaged in the course of subsequent geot.hermal and destroying non-cultural data essential to operations. Of course, without any conflict of understanding the context and duration of past interest buffer between the consultant and developer , human activity. cultural resource evaluations are vulnerable to any number of factors, including verbal instruc tions (A} The Fede~l establ_is~~aj; ~~- enco)!I"_E.gi_m ;;_ tM _ _ issued-by-ttre-c·ompa:ny emp'i<>y~the~lraeologist development of a resource for which a feasible under contract, as well as lapses in the integrity, exploitation technology has not been fully demon expertise and knowledgeability of individual strated, while at the same time fostering an a~haeologists for pecuniary rewards. atmosphere of spurious demand for geotherma.l energy, inflating estimates of geothermal potential It is also i nteresting to note that the USGS and encouraging illusory geothermal energy expecta objects to proposals to include the stipulation of tions in California. Iri a calculated attempt to both "qualified" and "professional" in the defini accelerate geothennal development, the Federal tion of the individual responsible for geothermal agencies have chcsen to shortcut environmental cultural resources inventory because, according to procedures and have thereby set t he stage for the the USGS, the manpower pool tha t might accomplish exploitation of a resource in advance of adequate that task is thereby severely limited. The USGS technology to control potential side effects with has also included a specific provision in the geo disregard for the concorrita.~t loss of social, thermal operating orders which not only enjoins the cultural and environmental values. developer from destroying any known cemetery or burial ground of any culture, but orders the pr o- CLYDE KUHN 6/16/77 ection of "significant" a=haeological, historical, ultural, peleontological a.~d u_~ique geological (Part II of this arciCLe will report on one si tP.s. While at first gl ance this may appear to status of geothennal develonment in California) be an ideal stipulation, in fact, ::Jr.y ". ~te:tinina- • 11 Planning Staff. In addition, DPS has appropria tions for a series of overviews and contract BLm Aew1 inventories. The DPS 1 s initial concern is input into the planning system on the location and fre quency and type of archaeological and historical BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT DESEHT STUDY PROGRAM sites throughout the California Desert, treating the unsurveyed portions of the desert on an areal For the past decade, United States Department basis under guidelines developed in special studies of Interior, llureau of Land Management has been and detailed overviews. Briefly these include involved in the California Desert Study Program. most of the Colorado Desert, the western Mojave and In response to demands placed on the desert by the southwestern end of the Great Basin proper. various interest groups, a series of reports was Since DPS must work under a number of constraints, initially prepared beginning in 1968. it has followed the lead of geographers and other archaeologists in implementing a sampling approach The first report, titled The California Desert, to the vast expanses of desert lands. Economy is was concerned primarily with the recreational uses not, however, the sole purpose in sampling. Such of public lands in the desert. Cultural resources methodology provides data derived in a known and were first given consideration in a slightly more controlled manner. This is far more compatible comprehensive report in 1970, The California Desert with scientific inquiry and insures reasonable ~A Critical Environmental Challenge. As a result adherence to a rigorous inductive-deductive of the efforts by Archaeological Research Inc. of method necessary to generate information on Costa Mesa and the National Park Service, the prehistoric social systems and environmental report concluded that there was a need for a major relationships. program of (1) data collection and comprehensive planning and (2) interim critical management. With the development of the desert program has come an evolution in sampling methodology. This Following a 1971 report, Planning Guidelines has resulted from both a sophistication of tech for the California Desert Program, the BLM began niques applied by the discipline but also in response implementing the California Desert Program. Interim to increased lead time, funding and data compila~ critical management was provided by the Riverside tions. and Bakersfield staffs along with the Desert Planning staff (DPS), a special task force of the The initial planning unit, encompassing the BLM State Office. Besides carrying out the day to Yuha Desert, was not field inventoried. Passage day management programs of the Bureau, the of the Organic Act has since allowed DPS to return districts' staffs have been charged with establish and undertake sampling. ing and maintaining interim measures, such as establishing a ranger force, building info:rmation The second area, of western San Bernardino and stations, developing environmental education pack eastern Kern counties, the El Paso/Red !1ountain ages, initiating a vehicle control plan, and imple Planning Units , 1 ~ million acres in size and with menting a petroglyph protection program, all of little environmental data available at the time, wa~ which aid the cultural resource program. random sampled in the first stage according to topo graphic map frames at a 1% level_ Purposive From 1973, with the hiring of the first unsystematic reconnaissance served as a second stage. archaeologist, to 1976, the cultural resource The next planning unit cluster, designated East planning program was composed of five basic Mohave, of eastern San Bernardino County, was inven elements: (1) desert-wide existing archaeological toried in 3 stages, the first and second unaligned and historic data compilation; (2) desert-wide systematic random sampling totaling about 1 ~ , guides (and interim critical management plans); followed by purposive sampling, as above, of an (3) cultural resource overviews on an areal basis; additional ~~. Subsequently the Saline Planning Unit (4) field inventory; and (5) completion of areal was surveyed in a similar manner. resource analyses and management plans. Survey units in the last three areas discussed On October 21 , 1976, Congress passed the concisted of square mile quadrats corresponding to Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) which the cadastral brid. Only 8 zig- zagging-or "modified mandates completion by BLM of a California Desert spaghetti sweeps"-were undertaken in each quadrat. multiple-use activity plan before 1981. Cultural This evaluation technique (vis-a-vis intens ive) offers resources are a critical element of this plan. In certain advantages and disadvantages. Larger areas fact, Section 601 of the Act states that as the can be covered and generalities of site data genera California Desert contains numerous resources, ted but specific densities and dispersal of sample including but not limited to archaeological, histori- are sacrificed. Since this method has been likened -·crl-a:nd-cuitural value-ir,-"tha:t- a-rl r. :LIFORHIA soc~f~\.· ,, ARCHAEOLOGY~~~~~~~~~~~~~§§§§§§§§§~~~~- '.....___ - ~ RIDIONAL EDITORS: • San Diego: Ron May, 6044 Estelle St., San Diego, 92115 Los Angeles: Nan~y P. Walter, ~y· 48 Sunburst, The Society for California Archaeology, Inc. is a North.ridge, CA 91325 non-profit scientific and educational organization ~:Russell L. Kaldenberg, 831 Barstow Rd ., Barstow, dedicated to promoting the interests of California CA 92311 archaeology. All statements in the Newsletter, San Joaquin Valley: Robert A. Schiffman, Department published five or six times a year, do not necessarily of Anthropology, Bakersfield College, Bakersfield, reflect the opinion of the SCA unless said statements CA 93305. are signed by the Society's President and Executive S. Central Coast: Robert L. Hoover, Soc. Sci.Department, Calif. Polytechnic State U.,San Luis Obispo , Ca 93407 Committee. All other statements are the opinions of ASSOCIATE ED!TORS: the Editorial Staff or of the person(s) and/or organizations whose name appears below each statement. Avocational: open Geology: David Weide, Dept. of Geology, University CA OFFICEBS------of ~evada ,- Las- Vegas, NV 89109 - Historic Archaeology: Paul J.F. Schumacher, 200 President: Joseph C. Winter, Six Rivers National Forest, 710 E. Street, Eureka, CA 95501 Pinehill Road , Hillsborough, CA 94010 Vice President, Southern California: Nichael Glassow, BUSINESS OFFICE UC-Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Business Office Manager: Susan Wright, SCA Business Vice President, Northern California: David A. Office, Department of Anthropology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92634 Fredr~ckson , California State College, Sonoma, CA MEMBERSHIP President- Elect: Paul G. Chace , 1823 Kenora Drive, Dues are tax-ded~c tib le and are paid on a calendar Escondido, CA 92027 year basis: Secretary: Nancy P. Walter , 17048 Sunburst, Regular Member $1 5. 00 North.ridge, CA 91325 Student Mell!ber s 6.oo Treasurer: Jane Gothold, 10121 Pounds Avenue , Institutional 820.00 Whittier, CA 90603 Membership • EDITOH!AL STAFF SCHENK A.RGHI'11'S ~: Marcia Wire, Dept. of Anthrouology, San Jose Schenk Archives, Treganza Jlluseum, San Francisco St ate Universi 1.y, San Jose CA ~ 5 1 92 State Uni ver sity, San Francisco, CA 94132. 13 SCA NEWS SCA EXE'.:UTIVE BOARD llfEEl'ING May 21, 1977 - CSU, Fullerton Present: Joe Winter, Mike Glassow, Dave Keith Dixon has resigned as chairman of the Fredrickson, Paul Chace, Jane Gothold, Illicit Antiquities Committee, although he is Nancy Walter, Susan Wright, Jack Zahniser, willing to continue to serve on the committee. Rob Edwards, Mary Brown, Russ Kaldenberg, Connie Cameron, and Lewis Tadlock. The certification program/committee was discussed and many points covered. The williness of some OLD BUSINESS: one to head this committee has not been demonstra ted for several years. There is a need to take a 1. Committees and Chairpersons: Environmental stand for a broad basis on ~he cu=ent programs Protection Committee will be chaired by Paul that are giving certificates in archaeology. Hampson. Dennis O'Neil at Palomar has a program which will give a certificate, and the participant may also Ron May will chair the Ethics Committee and receive an AA degree. It was suggested that will be assisted by Art Pheland with Paul Chace Dennis be asked to set up a symposium to be given as ex-officio member. Ron May will review the at the next annual meeting regarding the staus, letter on in-house EIR's being perfo:r:med by progress, results, and evaluation of this kind of faculty on their own campus at the request of program. administration. The Nominations Committee is still without a Rob Edwards will continue as Membership Chai:r:man . chairperson. It is hoped that Mike Moratto can A discussion took place regarding the billing be available to serve again. The suggestion was process, renewal process and the need for more made that possibly the two vice-presidents could forms to be printed. also serve on this committee. Jim Rock was chosen to chair the Directory The need for a good Public Relations Committee was Committee since he is not personally involved in discussed. Joanne Kinney Leonard was suggested, perfo:r:ming contract EIR's, yet he-has experience since everyone felt she had done a good job on the in evaluating consultants through his work in publicity for the San Diego meetings. the Forest Service. 2. Annual Meeting Report: Dudley Varner is progressing with plans for the 1978 Annual Meeting which will be at Yosemite There were 1073 persons in attendance at the San National Park. Diego meetings. Of this total, SCA registered 339 persons. With the overlap of membership from those Marcia Wire is continuing with the Newsletter; the who belonged to more than one society, SCA made up May issue is currently at the printer and should be 27% of the total attendance. Income from the regis out within a week or two. tration and book exhibits totals $7026.20 and the bills to date total $3500.81. Several bills are The Publications Committee is under the direction still to be received and processed. After expenses, of Gary Breschini, who will be the editor of a new SCA will receive 27% of the amount left, to be SCA Publications Series. used for the 1978 meeting. Russ Kaldenberg is going to chair the new SCA Other totals are: AES 131 (10.4%), SfAA 353 (28.1%), Contract Guideline ~ommittee. Russ will try to SWAA 367 (29.3%), and TA.ASP 64(5.196). Of those 1073 cover the whys and why nots of contract writing. registering, 3 were comp. (Bateson, MacNeish and Tax), He will send out letters asking about problems 2 were unmarked,__4l5 said the:y_!!_ere members, 153 were which have occurred and how people did or did not non-members, 415 said they were students, and 65 solve them. It is also hoped that a publication checked as spouses. can come from this committee to aid all those doing/writing contracts with the differences between 3. Clearing House Meeting: the terms used for state/federal/local contracts. The problems many have had with vocabulary and There will ·be a meeting of Clearinghouse Co acronyms may have a solution soon. ordinators at Fresno City College on June 4th. A notice has been sent to each clearinghouse Gary Stickel will be first chai:rman of the new inviting attendance at the meeting. Discussion Underwater Archaeology Committee. Claude Wa=en will center around the definition of a Clearing has agreed to chair a Historical Archaeology house, how the coordinators are chosen, what is Committee. happening at the dlearinghouse level, and the responsibilities of the executive board and the A Planning and Development Commi ttee has beP.;1 cl earinghouse to each other. A memorandum of established with Clyde Kuhn as chair. This agreement has been drawn up for each co-ordinator committee will look at SCA as an organization i o to sign. In the proces~ of definition, it was see how/why it works. They will try to come up with decided that Paul Chace, Dave Fredrickson, and an v•e:4.Yiew tv enable the executive board to see Hike Glassow will form a. oofilfilittee to define tha how to make the organization more efficient. te:r:m Clearinghouse. 14 4. Grant Development Internship: 2. Butte: The executive board was introduced to a program Keith Johnson has informed SCA that there is a new sponsored by the California Environmental Intern :Butte situation. SCA has been requested to admini Program. This group will write a grant for ster or serve as a conservancy on a project under outside funding for research and publication. development. The area consists of large 40-acre The group will oversee, carry out, and do all the lots with one house to be built per site. The area paperwork for an intern to be placed with the SCA does contain archaeological sites which will not • to work on grant development. They will match be directly impacted. One of the things discussed funds and this means that SCA will need to spend by the board was the possibility of a deed restric $660 and the CEIP will match that with $500. tion or an easement for preservation. A final M/S/P That SCA commit itself to the expense of suggestion will not be made until more information s·500 plus $160 in overhead costs for an intern in can be received from Keith Johnson. cooperation with the California Environmental Intern Program. In Orange County, the Spiller case is involving 5. Other Business: District 14. This particular case involves a developer who felt there was no problem in pro Miley Holman is still asking for an evaluation of ceeding with development even though archaeological the SCA Archives. It was decided that Roger Kelly sites existed on the land. In court, the Butte will be asked to be chairman of that committee. decision was quoted but only the early portions. The entire information on this was requested to Mary Brown in cooperation with Dennis Hoptowit will be formulated for the SCA Newsletter. be working to establish a "Legal Aid Center". They hope to gather the points of record throughout the Geothermal hearings have been taking place all State of California, an index of all the arclia.eo over the state. So far, Dave Fredrickson, Clyde logical material and the law. SOFA is doing this Kuhn, and Art Pheland have testified. At the on a national level and the updating of the rules, moment, the task force holding the hearings is decisions, and state of affairs in California is favorably inclined toward the archaeologists. sorely needed. The U.S. Forest Service has requested input from NEW BUSINESS: SCA regarding priorities concerning management of arid lands. State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO): It was pointed out by Russ Kaldenberg that As the result of various problems which have according to new antiquities law revision, an recently cropped up at the State level, a request antiquity is now defined as anything over 100 was made for archaeologists to meet with the years old. There i s a looming possibility that governor, so that he could have some reassurance this may eventually only apply on posted sites • concerning archaeology. Several members of SCA went to Sacramento to meet with Gov. Brown. The Museum of Man wrote and asked for an Joe Winter, Mike Glassow, and Rob Edwards were exchange of information rather than holding an present; Roberta Greenwood and Mike Moratto institutional membership in SCA. Nancy Walter • were unable to attend. Gov. Brown was unable to will write to tell them SCA does not exchange meet with them but they did spend time talking and point out the advantages of membership. to Planning and Research as well as Mr. Rhodes, the State Historic Preservation Officer. The Mary Brown discussed a situation in Riverside need for better communication among all concerned where a landowner/developer said he did not was a central point. Many problems in the state care about the sites on the l and and planned have been the result of poor planning. In to bulldoze them. UCR had done a surface several cases, many problems could have been survey on the property. Mary got a settlement prevented if the archaeologists had been in out of court and site mitigation is now in volved at the start of a project rather than process. toward the end as the (or one of the) delaying factor(s). The possibility of the state regional Mary Brown requested permission to quote the offices was discussed and the SHPO is willing to written portion of Archaeology of the Pacific me~j;_w:i:th_amhaeologis:ts _in_the -.£al.L.Lor-all-in~ - coa-stw1UCllTOID1G.ng WI"ote several. years- ago. d~pth discussion on the issues mentioned above. Tom King had given Mary his permission. The A committee is needed to synthesize and present executive board m/s/p to give Mary Brown to the State of California some guidlines for permission. statewide planning to speed up the EIR and EIS process. Mike Moratto did recommend a statewide The next executive board meeting will be network to document the process in the report at Dave Fredrickson's house in Berkeley. he wrote for the Task Force. The need to be up .The meeting will be Sat. Sept. 10th (notes front rather than at the tail end of the EIR and earlier said Sept. 9, but that is a Friday) EIS process is a problem for all concerned. The Fall Data Sharing meetings will be There is a definite need for system advance Oct. 22nd at Sonoma with an executive board planning. The question is--how do we fit into the meeting and Oct. 15th at Pierce College in established bureaucracy? Archaeology needs to Woodland Hills. plug in--~here and how. is the problem. Respectfully submitted, NANCY PETERSON WALTER • 5/21/77 15 SOCIEI'Y :roR CJ.LH'ORNIA !RCHAEXlLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY NOH .PROFIT ORG. CALI:roRNIA STATE UNIVERSITY U.S. POSTAGE roLI..ERTON, CA 9.?6~4 PAID PERMIT NO. 31 CAMPBELL, CA. ~ Paul J. F. SchUina.Cher 200 Pinehill Road ' 3 \ Hillsborough, CA 94010 ' -~~