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Adama Science and Technology University ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DETERMINANTS OF THE SUCCESS OF RECENT VILLAGIZATION PROGRAM IN GODERE WOREDA, MAJANG ZONE, GAMBELLA REGIONAL STATE By Belay Gebremichael Gawo August, 2018 Adama, Ethiopia i DETERMINANTS OF THE SUCCESS OF RECENT VILLAGIZATION PROGRAM IN GODERE WOREDA, MAJANG ZONE, GAMBELLA REGIONAL STATE MA Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Master of Arts Degree in Geography and Environmental Studies Advisor: Tesfaye Ganamo (PhD) August, 2018 Adama, Ethiopia ii Declaration I, the undersigned, declare that this study entitled ―Determinants of success of the Recent Villagization program in Godere Woreda, Majang Zone of Gambella Regional State‖ is my own work. I have undertaken the research work independently with the guidance and support of my research advisor Dr. Tesfaye Genamo. I confidently declare that this study has not been submitted for the award of any diploma or degree program in this or any other institutions. Thus, all sources of materials used for the thesis have been duly acknowledged. Name: Belay Gebremichael Gawo Signature: ____________ Place: Adama Science and Technology University Date of Submission: _______________________ iii Acknowledgments First of all I would like to thanks my almighty God for his mercy. Secondly, my gratitude goes to my advisor Dr. Tesfaye Ganamo for his appreciated support and continuous guidance while conducting this research. Without his constructive comment, encouragement and invaluable advice it would have been impossible for me to accomplish this work. Next I like to thank my all respondents who provided the necessary information for this study and really they contributed much for its success. Moreover, I would like to acknowledge my lovely wife Genet Kidane and my twin kids Nati and Nardos who supported me during data coding and editing process. My gratitude also goes to my friend Ato Mihretu Assefa who helped me in translating the local language (Majang) during the data collection period. Lastly, not the least, I would like to appreciate all of my classmates who attended their MA thesis for five consecutive summer at ASTU and staff members who encouraged and helped me in material as well as moral. iv Table of Contents Declaration……………………………………………………………………………………i Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………………………….ii Table of contents……………………………………………………………………………...iii Acronyms .................................................................................................................................... x Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... xi Chapter One ................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 General Objective..................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Specific Objectives................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Significance of the Study .................................................................................................................. 6 1.6 Scope of the Study ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.7 Limitation of the Study ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.8 Operational Definitions of Terms ...................................................................................................... 7 1.9 Organization of the Paper................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter Two ............................................................................................................................... 8 Review of the related literature ................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Theoretical and Conceptual Literature ............................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 The Concept of Villagization .......................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Major theories about Displacement ……………………………………………………10 2.2 Reviews of Empirical Studies ........................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 Villagization Experience in Ethiopia ........................................................................................ 15 2.2.1.1 Villagization during the Derg Regime ...................................................................... 15 2.2.1.2 The Current Villagization Program in Ethiopia: Overview ...................................... 17 2.2.1.3 Villagization in Gambella Region ............................................................................ 18 2.3 Conceptual Framework of the study ................................................................................... 21 Chapter Three ........................................................................................................................... 24 Brief description of the study area and research methods and materials .................................. 24 3.1 Brief Description of the Study Area. ................................................................................................ 24 3.1.1 Location .................................................................................................................................... 24 v 3.1.2 Topography and Climate ........................................................................................................... 26 3.1.3 Demography and Socioeconomic Characteristics ................................................................... 26 3.2 Research Methods and Materials ..................................................................................................... 27 3.2.1 Research Design and Approach ................................................................................................. 27 3.2.2 Study Population ........................................................................................................................ 27 3.2.3 Data Types and Sources ............................................................................................................. 28 3.2.4 Sampling Techniques and Sample Size Determination ............................................................. 28 3.2.5 Methods of Data Collection ....................................................................................................... 30 3.2.6 Methods of Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 31 3.2.6.1 Model Specification ................................................................................................... 32 3.2.6.2 Definition of Variables .............................................................................................. 33 3.2.7 Reliability and Validity ................................................................................................... 33 3.2.8 Ethical Considerations .................................................................................................... 34 Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................. 35 4. Data Presentation and Analysis ........................................................................................... 35 4.1 Demographic Profiles of Respondents .............................................................................. 35 4.1.1 Head of Households .................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2 Age of Respondents ..................................................................................................... 36 4.1.3 Marital Status of the Household ................................................................................ 37 4.1.4 Family Size of the Respondents.................................................................................. 38 4.1.5 Educational Background of the Respondents ............................................................ 39 4.2 Socioeconomic Factors of the Household ......................................................................... 40 4.2.1 Income and Expense of the Respondents ..................................................................... 40 4.2.2 Farmland Size and Agricultural Productivity
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    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/73814 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Joswig, A. Title: The Majang Language Issue Date: 2019-06-04 Bibliography 521 Bibliography Ahland, C. A. (2012). A Grammar of Northern and Southern Gumuz (Ph.D. dissertation). University of Oregon, Eugene, OR. Ameka, F. K. (2006). Interjections. In J. Verschueren & J.-O. Östman (Eds.), Handbook of Pragmatics (pp. 1–22). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Andersen, T. (1988). Ergativity in Päri, a Nilotic OVS Language. Lingua, (75), 289–324. Andersen, T. (1995). Absolutive and Nominative in Berta. In R. Nicolai & F. Rottland (Eds.), Cinquième Colloque de Linguistique Nilo-Sahari- enne / Fifth Nilo-Saharan Linguistics Colloquium. Nice, 24-29 août 1992. Actes / Proceedings. (pp. 39–69). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. Anderson, S. R. (1976). On the Notion of Subject in Ergative Languages. In C. N. Li (Ed.), Subject and Topic (pp. 1–23). New York: Academic Press. Andrews, A. (1985). The Major Functions of the Noun Phrase. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. I. Clause Structure (Vol. I, pp. 62–154). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Arensen, J. (1982). Murle Grammar. Occasional Papers in the Studies of Sudanese Languages, 2, 1–143. Belkadi, A. (2015). Associated Motion with Deictic Directionals: A Com- parative Overview. SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics, 17, 49–76. Bender, L. M. (1975). The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans. Addis Ababa: self-pub- lished. Bender, L. M. (1977). The Surma Language Group – A Preliminary Report. Studies in African Linguistics, (Supplement 7), 11–21. Bender, L. M. (1983). Majang Phonology and Morphology.
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