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Reading Manual on Introduction to Disaster Management (PGS 507) Reading Manual on Introduction to Disaster Management (PGS 507) Sukanya Barua, Rabindra Nath Padaria L. Muralikrishnan and S. Naresh Kumar Division of Agricultural Extension ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012 Reading Manual on Introduction to Disaster Management (PGS 507) Sukanya Barua Rabindra Nath Padaria L. Muralikrishnan S. Naresh Kumar Division of Agricultural Extension ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012 i The resource material provided in this document is taken from various sources for the purpose of teaching. No claim of ownership is being made by authors. Any acknowledgement for further use of this material should be made to original sources and authors. The views expressed in this document are those of the contributing experts and do not necessarily represent those of course instructors. Composed by: M. S. Printers, C-108/1 Back Side, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase-1, New Delhi-110024 Mob: 7838075335, 9990785533, 9899355565, Tel.: 011-45104606 E-mail: [email protected] ii Content Sl. No. Topic Page No. 1 Important terminologies related to disaster management 1 2 Types of disaster 3 3 Earthquake 3 4 Flood 4 5 Urban Flood 6 6 Landslide 6 7 Cyclone 7 8 Volcanic Hazards 9 9 Disaster Management Cycle 12 10 Community Based Disaster & Risk Management (CBDRM) 13 11 Management of Disasters in India 16 12 Manmade Disasters - Chemical disasters, Nuclear disasters and Biological 22 disasters 13 Man-made Disaster - Building fire, coal fire, oil fire, forest fire and deforesta- 27 tion 14 Man-made Disaster - Air pollution, water pollution, Industrial wastewater 33 pollution 15 Man-made Disaster - Road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents 54 16 Combustible Dust Awareness - Quick Guide 61 17 Fire and Explosions 63 18 Preventing the Next Campus Shooting 65 19 How to Deal With Bomb Threat Checklist 74 20 What to do in a medical Emergency? 77 21 Global and regional organizations working in disaster management 79 22 Institutional Structure of Disaster Management in India 85 23 References 88 iii iv Reading Manual on Introduction to Disaster Management (PGS 507) Important Terminologies related to Disaster Management Disaster Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area (definition according to Disaster Management Act 2005, Government of India). Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. Hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis. Natural hazard Natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. Natural hazards are a sub-set of all hazards. The term is used to describe actual hazard events as well as the latent hazard conditions that may give rise to future events. Natural hazard events can be characterized by their magnitude or intensity, speed of onset, duration, and area of extent. For example, earthquakes have short durations and usually affect a relatively small region, whereas droughts are slow to develop and fade away and often affect large regions. In some cases hazards may be coupled, as in the flood caused by a hurricane or the tsunami that is created by an earthquake. Technological hazards A hazard originating from technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities, that may cause loss of life, injury, illness or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. Examples of technological hazards include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic wastes, dam failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, and chemical spills. Technological hazards also may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard event. Vulnerability The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors. Examples may include poor design and construction of buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public information and awareness, limited official recognition of risks and preparedness measures, and disregard for wise environmental management. Vulnerability varies significantly within a community and over time. This definition identifies vulnerability as a characteristic 1 Reading Manual on Introduction to Disaster Management (PGS 507) of the element of interest (community, system or asset) which is independent of its exposure. However, in common use the word is often used more broadly to include the element’s exposure. Coping capacity The ability of people, organizations and systems, using available skills and resources, to face and manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters. The capacity to cope requires continuing awareness, resources and good management, both in normal times as well as during crises or adverse conditions. Thus, the combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals is termed as its capacity. It may include infrastructure and physical means, institutions, societal coping abilities, as well as human knowledge, skills and collective attributes such as social relationships, leadership and management. Risk The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences. The word “risk” has two distinctive connotations: in popular usage the emphasis is usually placed on the concept of chance or possibility, such as in “the risk of an accident”; whereas in technical settings the emphasis is usually placed on the consequences, in terms of “potential losses” for some particular cause, place and period. It can be noted that people do not necessarily share the same perceptions of the significance and underlying causes of different risks. Risk management The systematic approach and practice of managing uncertainty to minimize potential harm and loss. Risk management comprises risk assessment and analysis, and the implementation of strategies and specific actions to control, reduce and transfer risks. It is widely practiced by organizations to minimise risk in investment decisions and to address operational risks such as those of business disruption, production failure, environmental damage, social impacts and damage from fire and natural hazards. Risk management is a core issue for sectors such as water supply, energy and agriculture whose production is directly affected by extremes of weather and climate. 2 investment decisions and to address operational risks such as those of business disruption, production failure, environmental damage, social impacts and damage from fire and natural hazards. Risk management is a core issue for sectors such as water supply, energy and agriculture whose production is directly affected by extremes of weather and climate. Reading Manual on Introduction to Disaster Management (PGS 507) TypesTypes ofof DisasterDisaster Disaster Natural Man made Geo-physical Hydrological Climatological Meterological Biological (Earth quakes, (Avalanches (Extreme temp., (Cyclones & (Disease/ Tsunami, & Flood) droughts & wild Stroms/ wave epidemics Landslide, fires) surges) / animal volcanic plagues) Conflicts, famines, displaced population, industrial/ transport accidents, Terrorism and war Earthquake: 1. An earthquake is a phenomenon that occurs without warning and involves violent shaking of the ground and everything over it. 2. It results from the release of accumulated stress of the moving lithospheric or crustal plates. 3. The earth’s crust is divided into seven major plates, that are about 50 miles thick, which move slowly and continuously over the earth’s interior and several minor plates. 4. Earthquakes are tectonic in origin; that is the moving plates are responsible for the occurrence of Earthquake:violent shakes. 1.An earthquake is a phenomenon that occurs without warning and involves violent shaking of the ground Whatand everything to do during over anit. earth quake? 2. ItStay results as safefrom as the possible release during of accumulated an earthquake stress of the moving lithospheric or crustal plates. If indoors 1. DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there is no a table or desk near you, cover your face and head 3 with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building 2. Protect yourself by staying under the lintel
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