DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Genomics of Human Lactobacillus Crispatus Isolates

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparative Genomics of Human Lactobacillus Crispatus Isolates Veer et al. Microbiome (2019) 7:49 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0667-9 RESEARCH Open Access Comparative genomics of human Lactobacillus crispatus isolates reveals genes for glycosylation and glycogen degradation: implications for in vivo dominance of the vaginal microbiota Charlotte van der Veer1, Rosanne Y. Hertzberger2, Sylvia M. Bruisten1,7, Hanne L. P. Tytgat3, Jorne Swanenburg2,4, Alie de Kat Angelino-Bart4, Frank Schuren4, Douwe Molenaar2, Gregor Reid5,6, Henry de Vries1,7 and Remco Kort2,4,8* Abstract Background: A vaginal microbiota dominated by lactobacilli (particularly Lactobacillus crispatus) is associated with vaginal health, whereas a vaginal microbiota not dominated by lactobacilli is considered dysbiotic. Here we investigated whether L. crispatus strains isolated from the vaginal tract of women with Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota (LVM) are pheno- or genotypically distinct from L. crispatus strains isolated from vaginal samples with dysbiotic vaginal microbiota (DVM). Results: We studied 33 L. crispatus strains (n =16fromLVM;n = 17 from DVM). Comparison of these two groups of strains showed that, although strain differences existed, both groups degraded various carbohydrates, produced similar amounts of organic acids, inhibited Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth, and did not produce biofilms. Comparative genomics analyses of 28 strains (n =12LVM;n = 16 DVM) revealed a novel, 3-fragmented glycosyltransferase gene that was more prevalent among strains isolated from DVM. Most L. crispatus strains showed growth on glycogen-supplemented growth media. Strains that showed less-efficient (n =6)orno(n = 1) growth on glycogen all carried N-terminal deletions (respectively, 29 and 37 amino acid deletions) in a putative pullulanase type I protein. Discussion: L. crispatus strains isolated from LVM were not phenotypically distinct from L. crispatus strains isolated from DVM; however, the finding that the latter were more likely to carry a 3-fragmented glycosyltransferase gene may indicate a role for cell surface glycoconjugates, which may shape vaginal microbiota-host interactions. Furthermore, the observation that variation in the pullulanase type I gene is associated with growth on glycogen discourages previous claims that L. crispatus cannot directly utilize glycogen. * Correspondence: [email protected] 2Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, O|2 Lab Building, VU University, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Veer et al. Microbiome (2019) 7:49 Page 2 of 14 Introduction nutrients—particularly glycogen, as this is the main car- The vaginal mucosa hosts a community of commensal, bon source in the vaginal lumen, and (4) the modulation symbiotic, and sometimes pathogenic micro-organisms. of host-immunogenic responses. Considering these Increasing evidence has shown that the bacteria within points, firstly, Ojala et al. [10] observed genomic islands this community, referred to here as the vaginal micro- encoding enzymes involved in exopolysacharide (EPS) biota (VM), play an important role in protecting the va- biosynthesis in the accessory genome of L. crispatus and ginal tract from pathogenic infection, which can have postulated that strain differences in this trait could con- far-reaching effects on a woman’s sexual and reproduct- tribute to differences in biofilm formation, adhesion, and ive health [1, 2]. Several VM compositions have been de- competitive exclusion of pathogens. Secondly, experi- scribed, including VM dominated by (1) Lactobacillus ments have shown that L. crispatus effectively inhibits iners, (2) L. crispatus, (3) L. gasseri, (4) L. jensenii, and urogenital pathogens through lactic acid production, but (5) VM that are not dominated by a single bacterial spe- these studies included only strains originating from cies but rather consist of diverse anaerobic bacteria, in- healthy women [12–16]. Abdelmaksoud et al. [9] com- cluding Gardnerella vaginalis and members of pared L. crispatus strains isolated from Lactobacillus-do- Lachnospiraceae, Leptotrichiaceae and Prevotellaceae minated VM (LVM) with strains isolated from dysbiotic [3–5]. Particularly, VM that are dominated by L. crispatus VM (DVM) and indeed observed decreased lactic acid are associated with vaginal health, whereas a VM consist- production in one of the strains isolated from DVM, ing of diverse anaerobes—commonly referred to as vaginal providing an explanation for its low abundance. How- dysbiosis—has been shown to increase a woman’sodds ever, no significant conclusion could be made as their for developing bacterial vaginosis (BV), acquiring STIs, study included only eight strains. Thirdly, there is a including HIV, and having an adverse pregnancy out- general consensus that vaginal lactobacilli (including L. come [1, 2, 4, 6]. crispatus) ferment glycogen thus producing lactic acid, The application of human vaginal L. crispatus iso- but no actual evidence exists that L. crispatus produces lates as therapeutic agents to treat dysbiosis may have the enzymes to directly degrade glycogen [10, 17]. Lastly, much potential [7, 8], but currently, there are still L. crispatus-dominated VM are associated with an many gaps in our knowledge concerning the import- anti-inflammatory vaginal cytokine profile [18, 19] and ance of specific physiological properties of L. crispatus immune evasion is likely a crucial (but poorly studied) for a sustained domination on the mucosal surface of factor that allows L. crispatus to dominate the vaginal the vagina. Comparative genomics approaches offer a niche. A proposed underlying mechanism is that L. powerful tool to identify novel important functional crispatus produces immunomodulatory molecules [20], properties of bacterial strains. The genomes of nine but L. crispatus may also accomplish immune modula- human L. crispatus isolates have previously been stud- tion by alternating its cell surface glycosylation, as has ied, also in the context of vaginal dysbiosis [9, 10]. been suggested for gut commensals [21]. Taken together, Comparative genomics of these strains showed that there is a clear need to study the properties of more hu- about 60% of orthologous groups (genes derived from man (clinical) L. crispatus isolates to fully appreciate the the same ancestral gene) were conserved among all diversity within this species. strains, i.e., comprising a “core” genome [10]. The Here we investigated whether L. crispatus strains iso- accessory genome was defined as genes shared by at lated from the vaginal tract of women with LVM are least two strains, while unique genes are specific to a pheno- or genotypically distinct from L. crispatus strains single strain. Currently, it is unclear whether traits isolated from vaginal samples with DVM, with the aim pertaining to in vivo dominance are shared by all of identifying bacterial traits pertaining to a successful strains (core genome) or only by a subset of strains domination of lactobacilli of the vaginal mucosa. (accessory genome). For example, both women with and without vaginal dysbiosis can be colonized with Results L. crispatus (see, e.g., [11]), and we do not yet fully Lactobacillus crispatus strain selection and whole genome understand why in some women L. crispatus domi- sequencing nates and in others it does not. For this study, 40 nurse-collected vaginal swabs were The following bacterial traits may be of importance for obtained from the Sexually Transmitted Infections L. crispatus to successfully dominate the vaginal mucosa: clinic in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, from June to (1) the formation of an extracellular matrix (biofilm) on August 2012, as described previously by Dols et al. the vaginal mucosal surface, (2) the production of anti- [4]. In total, 33 L. crispatus strains were isolated from microbials such as lactic acid, bacteriocins, and H2O2 these samples (n =16 from LVM samples; n =17 L. that inhibit the growth and/or adhesion of urogenital crispatus strains from DVM samples). Following pathogens, (3) efficient utilization of available whole genome sequencing, four contigs (n =3 strains Veer et al. Microbiome (2019) 7:49 Page 3 of 14 from LVM; n = 1 strain from DVM) were discarded as versions described in this paper are versions they had less than 50% coverage with other assem- NKKQ01000000-NKLR01000000 (Table 1). blies or with the reference genome (125-2-CHN), sug- gesting that these isolates belonged to a different Lactobacillus crispatus pan-genome Lactobacillus species. One contig (from a strain iso- The 28 L. crispatus genomes had an average length of lated from LVM) aligned to the reference genome, 2.31 Mbp (range 2.16–2.56 MB) (Table 1), which was but its genome size was above the expected range, slightly larger than
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lactobacillus Crispatus
    WHAT 2nd Microbiome workshop WHEN 17 & 18 November 2016 WHERE Masur Auditorium at NIH Campus, Bethesda MD Modulating the Vaginal Microbiome to Prevent HIV Infection Laurel Lagenaur For more information: www.virology-education.com Conflict of Interest I work for Osel Inc., a microbiome company developing live biotherapeutic products to prevent diseases in women The Vaginal Microbiome and HIV Infection What’s normal /healthy/ optimal and what’s not? • Ravel Community Groups • Lactobacillus dominant vs. dysbiosis Why are Lactobacilli important for HIV prevention? • Dysbiosis = Inflammation = Increased risk of HIV acquisition • Efficacy of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis decreased Modulation of the vaginal microbiome • LACTIN-V, live biotherapeutic-Lactobacillus crispatus • Ongoing clinical trials How we can use Lactobacilli and go a step further • Genetically modified Lactobacillus to prevent HIV acquisition HIV is Transmitted Across Mucosal Surfaces • HIV infection in women occurs in the mucosa of the vagina and cervix vagina cervix • Infection of underlying target cells All mucosal surfaces are continuously exposed to a Herrera and Shattock, community of microorganisms Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2013 Vaginal Microbiome: Ravel Community Groups Vaginal microbiomes clustered into 5 groups: Group V L. jensenii Group II L. gasseri 4 were dominated by Group I L. crispatus Lactobacillus, Group III L. iners whereas the 5th had lower proportions of lactic acid bacteria and Group 4 Diversity higher proportions of Prevotella, strictly anaerobic Sneathia,
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Note on the Genus Lactobacillus
    Taxonomic Description template 1 A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: 2 Description of 23 novel genera, emended description 3 of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union 4 of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae 5 Jinshui Zheng1, $, Stijn Wittouck2, $, Elisa Salvetti3, $, Charles M.A.P. Franz4, Hugh M.B. Harris5, Paola 6 Mattarelli6, Paul W. O’Toole5, Bruno Pot7, Peter Vandamme8, Jens Walter9, 10, Koichi Watanabe11, 12, 7 Sander Wuyts2, Giovanna E. Felis3, #*, Michael G. Gänzle9, 13#*, Sarah Lebeer2 # 8 '© [Jinshui Zheng, Stijn Wittouck, Elisa Salvetti, Charles M.A.P. Franz, Hugh M.B. Harris, Paola 9 Mattarelli, Paul W. O’Toole, Bruno Pot, Peter Vandamme, Jens Walter, Koichi Watanabe, Sander 10 Wuyts, Giovanna E. Felis, Michael G. Gänzle, Sarah Lebeer]. 11 The definitive peer reviewed, edited version of this article is published in International Journal of 12 Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 13 1Huazhong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key 14 Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. 15 2Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience 16 Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 17 3 Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy 18 4 Max Rubner‐Institut, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kiel, Germany 19 5 School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland 20 6 University of Bologna, Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Bologna, Italy 21 7 Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Vrije Universiteit 22 Brussel, Brussels, Belgium 23 8 Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, 24 Belgium 25 9 Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 26 10 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 27 11 National Taiwan University, Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • Interstrain Variability of Human Vaginal Lactobacillus Crispatus for Metabolism of Biogenic Amines and Antimicrobial Activity Against Urogenital Pathogens
    molecules Article Interstrain Variability of Human Vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus for Metabolism of Biogenic Amines and Antimicrobial Activity against Urogenital Pathogens Scarlett Puebla-Barragan 1,2 , Emiley Watson 1,2, Charlotte van der Veer 3 , John A. Chmiel 1,2 , Charles Carr 1, Jeremy P. Burton 1,2 , Mark Sumarah 4 , Remco Kort 5,6 and Gregor Reid 1,2,* 1 Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada; [email protected] (S.P.-B.); [email protected] (E.W.); [email protected] (J.A.C.); [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (J.P.B.) 2 Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service (GGD), Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] 4 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada; [email protected] 5 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, O2 Lab Building, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] 6 ARTIS-Micropia, Plantage Kerklaan 38-40, 1018 CZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Citation: Puebla-Barragan, S.; * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-519-646-6100 (ext. 65256) Watson, E.; van der Veer, C.; Chmiel, J.A.; Carr, C.; Burton, J.P.; Sumarah, Abstract: Lactobacillus crispatus is the dominant species in the vagina of many women. With the M.; Kort, R.; Reid, G. Interstrain potential for strains of this species to be used as a probiotic to help prevent and treat dysbiosis, we Variability of Human Vaginal investigated isolates from vaginal swabs with Lactobacillus-dominated and a dysbiotic microbiota.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaginal Probiotic Lactobacillus Crispatus Seems to Inhibit Sperm Activity and Subsequently Reduces Pregnancies in Rat
    fcell-09-705690 August 11, 2021 Time: 11:32 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 13 August 2021 doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705690 Vaginal Probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus Seems to Inhibit Sperm Activity and Subsequently Reduces Pregnancies in Rat Ping Li1, Kehong Wei1, Xia He2, Lu Zhang1, Zhaoxia Liu3, Jing Wei1, Xiaomei Chen1, Hong Wei4* and Tingtao Chen1* 1 School of Life Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China, 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 4 Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Background: The vaginal microbiota is associated with the health of the female reproductive system and the offspring. Lactobacillus crispatus belongs to one of the most important vaginal probiotics, while its role in the agglutination and immobilization Edited by: of human sperm, fertility, and offspring health is unclear. Bechan Sharma, University of Allahabad, India Methods: Adherence assays, sperm motility assays, and Ca2C-detecting assays were Reviewed by: used to analyze the adherence properties and sperm motility of L. crispatus Lcr-MH175, António Machado, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009, engineered S. typhimurium VNP20009 Ecuador DNase I, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in vitro. The rat reproductive model was further Margarita Aguilera, University of Granada, Spain developed to study the role of L. crispatus on reproduction and offspring health, using *Correspondence: high-throughput sequencing, real-time PCR, and molecular biology techniques. Tingtao Chen Our results indicated that L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Microbiota Continuum Along the Female Reproductive Tract and Its Relation to Uterine-Related Diseases
    ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00901-0 OPEN The microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract and its relation to uterine-related diseases Chen Chen1,2, Xiaolei Song1,3, Weixia Wei4,5, Huanzi Zhong 1,2,6, Juanjuan Dai4,5, Zhou Lan1, Fei Li1,2,3, Xinlei Yu1,2, Qiang Feng1,7, Zirong Wang1, Hailiang Xie1, Xiaomin Chen1, Chunwei Zeng1, Bo Wen1,2, Liping Zeng4,5, Hui Du4,5, Huiru Tang4,5, Changlu Xu1,8, Yan Xia1,3, Huihua Xia1,2,9, Huanming Yang1,10, Jian Wang1,10, Jun Wang1,11, Lise Madsen 1,6,12, Susanne Brix 13, Karsten Kristiansen1,6, Xun Xu1,2, Junhua Li 1,2,9,14, Ruifang Wu4,5 & Huijue Jia 1,2,9,11 Reports on bacteria detected in maternal fluids during pregnancy are typically associated with adverse consequences, and whether the female reproductive tract harbours distinct microbial communities beyond the vagina has been a matter of debate. Here we systematically sample the microbiota within the female reproductive tract in 110 women of reproductive age, and examine the nature of colonisation by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and cultivation. We find distinct microbial communities in cervical canal, uterus, fallopian tubes and perito- neal fluid, differing from that of the vagina. The results reflect a microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract, indicative of a non-sterile environment. We also identify microbial taxa and potential functions that correlate with the menstrual cycle or are over- represented in subjects with adenomyosis or infertility due to endometriosis. The study provides insight into the nature of the vagino-uterine microbiome, and suggests that sur- veying the vaginal or cervical microbiota might be useful for detection of common diseases in the upper reproductive tract.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactobacillus Crispatus Protects Against Bacterial Vaginosis
    Lactobacillus crispatus protects against bacterial vaginosis M.O. Almeida1, F.L.R. do Carmo1, A. Gala-García1, R. Kato1, A.C. Gomide1, R.M.N. Drummond2, M.M. Drumond3, P.M. Agresti1, D. Barh4, B. Brening5, P. Ghosh6, A. Silva7, V. Azevedo1 and 1,7 M.V.C. Viana 1 Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil 2 Departamento de Microbiologia, Ecologia e Evolução, , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil 3 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnologica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil 4 Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India 5 Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 6 Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA 7 Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil Corresponding author: V. Azevedo E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 18 (4): gmr18475 Received August 16, 2019 Accepted October 23, 2019 Published November 30, 2019 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/gmr18475 ABSTRACT. In medicine, the 20th century was marked by one of the most important revolutions in infectious-disease management, the discovery and increasing use of antibiotics. However, their indiscriminate use has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Drug resistance and other factors, such as the production of bacterial biofilms, have resulted in high recurrence rates of bacterial diseases. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) syndrome is the most prevalent vaginal condition in women of reproductive age, Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (4): gmr18475 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br M.O.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Note on the Genus Lactobacillus
    TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Zheng et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae Jinshui Zheng1†, Stijn Wittouck2†, Elisa Salvetti3†, Charles M.A.P. Franz4, Hugh M.B. Harris5, Paola Mattarelli6, Paul W. O’Toole5, Bruno Pot7, Peter Vandamme8, Jens Walter9,10, Koichi Watanabe11,12, Sander Wuyts2, Giovanna E. Felis3,*,†, Michael G. Gänzle9,13,*,† and Sarah Lebeer2† Abstract The genus Lactobacillus comprises 261 species (at March 2020) that are extremely diverse at phenotypic, ecological and gen- otypic levels. This study evaluated the taxonomy of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae on the basis of whole genome sequences. Parameters that were evaluated included core genome phylogeny, (conserved) pairwise average amino acid identity, clade- specific signature genes, physiological criteria and the ecology of the organisms. Based on this polyphasic approach, we propose reclassification of the genus Lactobacillus into 25 genera including the emended genus Lactobacillus, which includes host- adapted organisms that have been referred to as the Lactobacillus delbrueckii group, Paralactobacillus and 23 novel genera for which the names Holzapfelia, Amylolactobacillus, Bombilactobacillus, Companilactobacillus, Lapidilactobacillus, Agrilactobacil- lus, Schleiferilactobacillus, Loigolactobacilus, Lacticaseibacillus, Latilactobacillus, Dellaglioa,
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Vaginal Lactobacillus Species Metabolism of Glucose, L and D-Lactate by 13C-Nuclear Magnetic
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.985580; this version posted March 11, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Differential vaginal Lactobacillus species metabolism of glucose, L and D-lactate by 13C-nuclear magnetic 2 resonance spectroscopy 3 Emmanuel Amabebea, [email protected] 4 Dilly O. Anumbaa, [email protected] 5 Steven Reynoldsb*, [email protected] 6 aDepartment of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, 7 Sheffield S10 2SF, UK. 8 bDepartment of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire 9 hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK 10 *Corresponding author 11 Dr Steven Reynolds, BSc (Hons), PhD 12 Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of 13 Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK. +44 114 215 9596, 14 [email protected] 15 16 Acknowledgements: 17 We are grateful to the University of Sheffield, UK, for providing support and the 9.4T MRS spectrometer with 18 which this study was performed. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.985580; this version posted March 11, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 28 Abstract 29 Introduction 30 Cervicovaginal dysbiosis can lead to infection-associated spontaneous preterm birth.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotic Resistance in Poultry Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Targeted Mitigation
    Antibiotic Resistance in Poultry Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Targeted Mitigation Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Yang Zhou, B.S. Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Hua Wang, Advisor Monica Giusti Michael Lilburn Zhongtang Yu Copyright by Yang Zhou 2016 Abstract The rapid emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) is a major public health concern. The poultry industry worldwide represents the largest segment in food animal production. The prevalence and abundance of antibiotic resistant (ART) bacteria in poultry and poultry products have been a recognized food safety challenge. The large amount of ART bacteria-rich feces from industrial poultry production and its release further contaminate water and soil, impacting the environmental AR gene pool. Therefore, revealing contributing factors to AR in poultry production and developing targeted control strategies has critical impacts on AR mitigation in the ecosystem. This study examined 1) the natural occurrence of AR in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of chicken without antibiotic exposure; 2) the impact of antibiotic administration route on AR ecology in chicken GI microbiota, and 3) the efficacy of commensal Lactobacillus crispatus CG-2 inocula in AR mitigation in poultry rearing. The results of this study contributed to an improved understanding of AR ecology in food-producing animals. ii The first chapter is a literature review covering the origin, propagation, and dissemination of AR, as well as AR mitigation strategies. AR status in food-producing animals, particularly poultry, and recent achievements in AR mitigation were also reviewed to lay the foundation for research presented in this dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaginal Microbiota and the Potential of Lactobacillus Derivatives in Maintaining Vaginal Health Wallace Jeng Yang Chee , Shu Yih Chew and Leslie Thian Lung Than*
    Chee et al. Microb Cell Fact (2020) 19:203 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01464-4 Microbial Cell Factories REVIEW Open Access Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health Wallace Jeng Yang Chee , Shu Yih Chew and Leslie Thian Lung Than* Abstract Human vagina is colonised by a diverse array of microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota and mycobiota. Lactobacillus is the most frequently isolated microorganism from the healthy human vagina, this includes Lactobacil- lus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus jensenii. These vaginal lactobacilli have been touted to prevent invasion of pathogens by keeping their population in check. However, the disruption of vaginal ecosystem contributes to the overgrowth of pathogens which causes complicated vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Predisposing factors such as menses, pregnancy, sexual practice, uncontrolled usage of antibiotics, and vaginal douching can alter the microbial community. Therefore, the composition of vaginal microbiota serves an important role in determining vagina health. Owing to their Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) status, lactobacilli have been widely utilised as one of the alterna- tives besides conventional antimicrobial treatment against vaginal pathogens for the prevention of chronic vaginitis and the restoration of vaginal ecosystem. In addition, the efectiveness of Lactobacillus as prophylaxis has also been well-founded in long-term administration. This review aimed to highlight the benefcial efects of lactobacilli deriva- tives (i.e. surface-active molecules) with anti-bioflm, antioxidant, pathogen-inhibition, and immunomodulation activi- ties in developing remedies for vaginal infections.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactobacillus Crispatus Produces a Bacteridical Molecule That Kills Uropathogenic E
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 2016 Lactobacillus crispatus Produces a Bacteridical Molecule That Kills Uropathogenic E. Coli Katherine Diebel Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Diebel, Katherine, "Lactobacillus crispatus Produces a Bacteridical Molecule That Kills Uropathogenic E. Coli" (2016). Master's Theses. 3560. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3560 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2016 Katherine Diebel LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO LACTOBACILLUS CRISPATUS PRODUCES A BACTERICIDAL MOLECULE THAT KILLS UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICIA COLI A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAM IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY BY KATHERINE DIEBEL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2016 ABSTRACT As many as 1 in 2 women will have at least one urinary tract infection (UTI) in their lifetime. UTIs can cause complications in pregnancy and decrease quality of life, and their treatment and prevention are expensive. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of UTI. The probiotic and bactericidal capacities of gut and vaginal Lactobacillus isolates have been studied, but the same attention has not been paid to urinary strains. These urinary isolates of L. crispatus appear to have a greater killing capacity against UPEC and this bactericidal activity does not depend on the cells themselves, consistent with the hypothesis that they secrete a molecule with anti-UPEC activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaginal Bacteriome of Nigerian Women in Health and Disease: a Study with 16S Rrna Metagenomics
    Original Article Vaginal bacteriome of Nigerian women in health and disease: A study with 16S rRNA metagenomics Anukam KC1,2,3, Agbakoba NR3, Okoli AC3, Oguejiofor CB4 1Uzobiogene Genomics, 2Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON, Canada, 3Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Anambra State, Nigeria ABSTRACT Introduction: The argument on what bacteria make up healthy vagina and bacterial vaginosis (BV) remain unresolved. Black women most often are placed in grade IV vaginal communities as lacking Lactobacillus‑dominated microbes. We sought to determine the vaginal microbiota compositions of healthy and those with BV using 16S rRNA metagenomics methods. Materials and Methods: Twenty‑eight women provided vaginal swabs for Nugent scoring. Fifteen had BV (Nugent score 7–10), whereas 13 were normal (Nugent score 0–3). DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA V4 region amplified using custom bar‑coded primers prior to sequencing with MiSeq platform. Sequence reads were imported into Illumina BaseSpace Metagenomics pipeline for 16S rRNA recognition. Distribution of taxonomic categories at different levels of resolution was done using Greengenes databases. Manhattan principal component analysis was used for similarity clustering. Results: Non‑BV subjects were colonized by 12 taxonomic phyla that represent 182 genera and 357 species. Overall, 23 phyla representing 388 genera and 805 species were identified in BV subjects.Firmicutes represented 95% of the sequence reads in non‑BV subjects with Lactobacillus‑dominated genera and Lactobacillus crispatus–dominated species, followed by Proteobacteria (3.78%), Actinobacteria (0.74%), and Bacteriodetes (0.05%).
    [Show full text]