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Civil-Military Relations: a Comparative Analysis of the Role of the Military in the Political Transformation of Post-War Turkey and Greece: 1980-1995
CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY IN THE POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION OF POST-WAR TURKEY AND GREECE: 1980-1995 Dr. Gerassimos Karabelias Final Report submitted to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in June 1998 1 ABSTRACT This report attempts to determine the evolution of civil-military relations in Turkey and Greece during the 1980-1995 period through an examination of the role of the military in the political transformation of both countries. Since the mid-1970s and especially after the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the struggle for spreading the winds of democracy around the globe has been the goal of all western states and particularly the United States of America. However, taking into consideration the volatility in the Balkans and in Central Asia, the military institution of Turkey and Greece which gave the impression that it withdrew in the barracks after their last intervention in 1980-83 and 1967-74 respectively, could easily be forced or even tempted to assume a greater responsibility in the conduct of each country’s domestic and foreign affairs. Only through a better understanding of its role during the 1980-95 period, we would be able to determine the feasibility of such scenarios. Using a multi-factorial model as a protection from the short- sighted results which the majority of mono-factorial approaches produce, this report starts with the analysis of the distinct role which the Armed Forces of each country have had in the historical evolution of their respective civil-military relations up to 1980 (Part One of Chapters Two and Three). -
2019 Summary Report
2019 SUMMARY REPORT athensdemocracyforum.com Global Conversation: Reinventing Democracy SESSION BRIEFINGS athensdemocracyforum.com 2 WELCOME REMARKS Achilles Tsaltas, President, Athens Democracy Forum Achilles Tsaltas welcomed delegates and esteemed guests to the seventh edition of the Athens Democracy Forum, introducing the five challenges of populism, new communication technologies, enormous gaps in personal wealth, the shifting terrain of the political-party system, and a sense of alienation and loss among many people, that represent the key themes for this year’s program. Reiterating the importance of preserving democracy as the only viable form of social organization, he outlined democracy as a constant process of reinvention and revival. Mr. Tsaltas warned that many of today’s democracies are so polarized, that they seem paralyzed. While optimists view the current threats to democracy as a natural process of decay and revival, he said, the pessimists are likely to consider the potential for decline into chaos and tyranny. He declared that this year’s conference brings together a sampling of both optimists and pessimists among participants, stating that through their debates and presentations, delegates will be able to glean a better understanding of where democracy might be headed. Mr. Tsaltas explained that the Athens Democracy Forum is becoming a nerve center for democratic debate, and described the new structure of the event, now hosted by the Democracy & Culture Foundation, a nonprofit entity, in association with The New York Times. Mr. Tsaltas thanked all conference partners and sponsors for their commitment. athensdemocracyforum.com 3 Annika Savill, Executive Head, UN Democracy Fund, United Nations Annika Savill underlined the task in front of delegates at this year’s event, highlighting the inspiration they might derive from the City of Athens itself, as the cradle of democracy. -
Proquest Dissertations
RICE UNIVERSITY The Struggle for Modern Athens: Unconventional Citizens and the Shaping of a New Political Reality by Othon Alexandrakis A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE Doctor of Philosophy APPROVED, THESIS COMMITTEE: ttill g^ jLS^x£ft //t/T- Jafmelames Faubi((nFaubioV, Professor, Anthropology Amy Ninetto, Assistant Professor^Anthropology Lora Wildenthal, Associate Professor, History Eugenia Georges, Professor, Anthropology HOUSTON, TEXAS FEBRUARY 2010 UMI Number: 3421434 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 3421434 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Copyright Othon Alexandrakis 2010 ABSTRACT The Struggle for Modern Athens: Unconventional Citizens and the Shaping of a New Political Reality by Othon Alexandrakis The dissertation is based on over one-and-a-half years of ethnographic field research conducted in Athens, Greece, among various diverse populations practicing unconventional modes of citizenship, that is, citizenship imagined and practiced in contradiction to traditional, prescribed, or sanctioned civil identities. I focus specifically on newcomer undocumented migrant populations from Africa, the broadly segregated and disenfranchised Roma (Gypsy) community, and the rapidly growing anti- establishment youth population. -
Athens Democracy Forum 2020 “The New Abnormal: Reimagining Democracy”
Athens Democracy Forum 2020 “The New Abnormal: Reimagining Democracy” The ADF 2020 Themes Even before the current crises, democracy was taking a beating: from hijacked elections to the spread of extreme ideologies to the increasingly sophisticated tactics of strongmen. The effects have become alarmingly apparent: migration shifts, climate change, economic uncertainty and general global unrest, for a start. Since the pandemic hit and the world struggles to get out from under it, the assaults have become even more prevalent, and calls to reinvent democracy are more urgent than ever. Operating for the second year under the aegis of the Democracy and Culture Foundation, in association with The New York Times, the Athens Democracy Forum will convene leaders from government, business, civic society and the nonprofit sector to debate -- and enact -- real solutions to the world’s most pressing issues. The Foundation’s focus on impact is designed to produce the two outcomes of "better governance" and "citizen engagement." Kim Conniff Taber, Editorial Director, Athens Democracy Forum Serge Schmemann, Editorial Board Member, The New York Times and Program Director, Athens Democracy Forum Wednesday, September 30, 2020 ALL TIMES LISTED ARE ATHENS TIME (GMT +3) Hotel Grande Bretagne Studio 1:30 p.m. – 2:20 p.m. Bespoke Panel Discussion: “Business for Purpose” Roundtable Sponsored by Mishcon de Reya and National Bank of Greece What does “business for purpose” really mean? What are the different ways that businesses can acknowledge systemic problems and build toward more systemic change? This session will wrestle with these questions and more. Valerie Keller, Co-founder and CEO, Imagine (P) Alexander Rhodes, Head of Mishcon Purpose (V) Costas Michaelides, Chairman of the Board, National Bank of Greece (P) Mete Coban MBE, Founder and Chief Executive, My Life My Say (P) Moderated by Alison Smale, Journalist and former UN Undersecretary General for Global Communications, and former Executive Editor of the International Herald Tribune (P) Hotel Grande Bretagne Studio 3:00 p.m. -
The United States and the Greek Coup of 1967
Were the Eagle and the Phoenix Birds of a Feather? The United States and the Greek Coup of 1967 by Louis Klarevas Assistant Professor of Political Science City University of New York—College of Staten Island & Associate Fellow Hellenic Observatory—London School of Economics Discussion Paper No. 15 Hellenic Observatory-European Institute London School of Economics Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/hellenicObservatory February 2004 Author’s Note: The author wishes to thank the Hellenic Observatory of the London School of Economics for its generous support in the undertaking of this project. The author also wishes to thank Kevin Featherstone, Spyros Economides, and Dimitrios Triantaphyllou for comments on a previous draft. In the summer of 2004, Greece will host the Olympic Games. Americans attending the games and visiting traditional tourist stops in Athens are sure to be greeted with open arms. But for those who delve a bit further into the country-side seeking a taste of average Greek life, some are sure to hear some fascinating tales flavored with a strong hint of anti-Americanism. To many foreigners that visit Greece these days, it might seem like the cradle of democracy is also the cradle of conspiracy. Take these schemes, for example: (1) Orthodox Serbs, not Muslims, were the true victims of the slaughters in the Balkans during the 1990s—and the primary reason that NATO intervened was so that the United States could establish a military foothold there;1 (2) the U.S. Ambassador played a tacit role in the removal of the Secretary- General of Greece’s ruling political party;2 and (3) the attack on the World Trade Center was a joint Jewish-American conspiracy to justify a Western war against Muslims—with reports that no Jews died in the September 11 attacks.3 All of these perspectives have numerous subscribers in Greece. -
War in the Balkans, 1991-2002
WAR IN THE BALKANS, 1991-2002 R. Craig Nation August 2003 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Office by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or be e-mail at [email protected] ***** Most 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/ ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-134-2 ii CONTENTS Foreword . v Preface . vii Map of the Balkan Region. viii 1. The Balkan Region in World Politics . 1 2. The Balkans in the Short 20th Century . 43 3. The State of War: Slovenia and Croatia, 1991-92. -
Koliastasis P Phd 280714.Pdf
Title The permanent campaign strategy of Greek Prime Ministers (1996–2011) Candidate Panagiotis Koliastasis Degree This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 4 Abstract Various academic authors have analysed the implementation, the causes and the impact of the permanent campaign strategy by political executives in presidential and parliamentary systems, notably the United States and United Kingdom. This study builds on this literature and extends the research on the permanent campaign in the European parliamentary majoritarian context by examining contemporary Greece as a national case study. In particular, the study addresses three questions. First, did contemporary Greek Prime Ministers adopt the permanent campaign strategy? Second, why did they do so? Third, what impact did the implementation of the permanent campaign have on their public approval? The research focuses on the cases of three successive Prime Ministers in Greece: Costas Simitis (1996–2004), Kostas Karamanlis (2004–2009) and George Papandreou (2009-2011). Simitis and Papandreou were leaders of the centre-left PASOK, while Karamanlis was the leader of the centre-right New Democracy. The study finds that all three Prime Ministers undertook the permanent campaign strategy in order to maintain public approval, aligning themselves with their British and American counterparts. They established new communication units within the primeministerial apparatus, consulted with communication professionals to form a coherent communication -
2020 SUMMARY REPORT the New Abnormal
The New York Times York The New in association with in association 2020 SUMMARY REPORT Athens Democracy Forum 2020 Democracy Forum Athens The New Abnormal: Reimagining Democracy athensdemocracyforum.comathensdemocracyforum.com athensdemocracyforum.com The New Abnormal: Reimagining Democracy 2020 SUMMARY REPORT 1 athensdemocracyforum.com BESPOKE PANEL DISCUSSION “BUSINESS FOR PURPOSE” ROUNDTABLE Sponsored by Mishcon de Reya and National Bank of Greece Valerie Keller, Co-Founder and C.E.O., IMAGINE Alexander Rhodes, Head of Mishcon Purpose, Mishcon de Reya Costas Michaelides, Chairman of the Board, National Bank of Greece Mete Coban MBE, Founder and Chief Executive, My Life My Say Moderated by Alison Smale, Journalist and Former Under Secretary General for Global Communications, United Nations Alison Smale opened proceedings by reinforcing that what we need at this time is togetherness, a theme that would feature prominently over the duration of the Forum. Valerie Keller stated that the purpose of business espoused by Milton Friedman has not worked very well, and outlined the transition from the purpose of business being shareholder profits to serving broader society, using multistakeholder, long-term models that help to solve global challenges by putting the Sustainable Development Goals at their heart. It is not enough for a company to say that it is purpose driven, she said, warning that even Hitler had a purpose. She outlined her view that we no longer need purpose-driven businesses that are generally not doing harm, instead proposing a new frontier, whereby companies put solving societal challenges at the core of their business models and work across their value chains to change the whole sector. -
Athens 2014 Conference Proceedings
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Contents FOREWORD 1 PROGRAM 2 WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION Dimitri B. Papadimitriou 6 KEYNOTE SPEAKER Yannis Dragasakis 9 SESSIONS 1. European Monetary Policy and Market Flexibility 21 2. How to Build a Stable European Financial System: The Central Banker’s View 26 3. Can the Periphery Countries Return to Growth? 31 4. Threats to European Recovery 37 5. Responding to the Challenge of European Unemployment 43 6. Austerity and Growth: An Impossible Alliance? 47 7. The Ongoing Greek Crisis: What Is to Be Done? 52 PARTICIPANTS 57 These proceedings consist of edited transcripts of the speakers’ remarks and summaries of session participants’ presentations. Foreword I am delighted to welcome you to the conference “Europe at the Crossroads: A Union of Austerity or Growth Convergence?,” organized by the Levy Economics Institute and Economia Civile with support from the Ford Foundation, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, and Marinopoulos AE. This conference is one of the public outreach activities of the joint Ford–Levy Institute Project on Financial Instability, which draws on Hyman Minsky’s extensive work on the structure of financial systems to ensure stability, and on the role of government in achieving a growing and equitable economy. Among other key topics, the conference will address the continuing debate surrounding the eurozone’s systemic instability; proposals for banking union; regulation and supervision of financial institutions; monetary, fiscal, and trade policy in Europe, and the spillover effects for the US and the global economy; the impact of austerity policies on US and European markets; and the sustainability of government deficits and debt. I trust you will enjoy the presentations that follow. -
Editorial 2016 Newsletter - Issue 14
2016 Newsletter - Issue 14 Editorial 2016 Newsletter - Issue 14 Editorial 1 The HO’s 20 year anniversary is strongly ture was entitled ‘The Hypocrisy of Euro- reflected in our programme this year pean Moralism: Greece and the Politics Photographic Exhibition 2 with academic and cultural events taking of Cultural Aggression’. A public lecture Closed Symposium at the Bank 3 place in London, Athens and Nicosia. In by HE Euripides Evriviades, High Commis- of Greece May we held a successful 20th Anniver- sioner of the Republic of Cyprus on secu- Panel discussion on Cyprus 4 and Technology sary Conference in Athens on the theme rity issues in the Eastern Mediterannean Conference at the University of ‘Getting Policy Knowledge into Gov- tackled another major topic of focus for 5 of Cyprus ernment: the Greek and European Expe- the HO. We also continue our prominent HO Annual Lecture with 6 riences’ hosted at the Bank of Greece. In and popular Megaron Plus lectures in Michael Herzfeld the same month we held a very popular Athens in which this year hosted noted Public Lecture with Euclid 7 Tsakalotos conference on ‘Interpreting the Past, LSE academics Conor Gearty and Christo- Public Lecture with Louka Present and Future of Cyprus’ at the Uni- pher Coker. 8 Katseli versity of Nicosia. Our commitment to Our commitment to high class research is Public Lecture with 9 expanding the HO’s work in Cyprus was Euripides Evriviades best exemplified by the publication of also reflected in a panel discussion we Prime Ministers in Greece: The Paradox Public Lecture with Michalis 9 organised with the LSE Cyprus Alumni Sarris and Yiannis Kitromilides of Power by Kevin Featherstone and Di- Association on ‘Cyprus and the Technolo- 10- mitris Papadimitriou, as well as the Book Launches gy Transformation’, again in Nicosia. -
Robert D. Kaplan in Conversation with Alexis Papahelas
DELPHI ECONOMIC FORUM THINK PIECE #1 Robert D. Kaplan in conversation with Alexis Papahelas DELPHI ECONOMIC FORUM Think Piece #1 3 Delphi Economic Forum is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization working in close cooperation with civil society, public organizations, businesses and individuals. It engages business, political, academic, and other top experts in an effort to address emerging challenges, influence the national and regional agendas and promote sustainable and socially responsible growth policies for Greece, Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean region. DELPHI ECONOMIC FORUM Think Piece #1 4 Author: Katerina Sokou Editing: Foteini Pipi Design and typesetting: Daphne Bei Published on May 2019 Think Piece #1 is a summary of the onstage conversation that took place in Delphi Economic Forum IV between Robert D. Kaplan and Alexis Papahelas. This is not a ver- batim transcript of the conversation and is based upon the video observation and written notes of the reporter. The notes are intended to capture only the main points made in the conversation and do not imply a specific opinion or commitment on the part of the discussants, the author or Delphi Economic Forum. The whole conversation is available on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lY26cwl8sEo This material is offered free of charge for personal and non-commercial use, provided the source is acknowl- edged. For commercial or any other use, prior written per- mission must be obtained from Delphi Economic Forum. Please direct inquiries to: [email protected] DELPHI ECONOMIC FORUM Robert D. Kaplan in conversation with Alexis Papahelas The World According to Robert D. Kaplan Robert D. -
Greece in Europe
No. 11 October 2015 South East European Studies at Oxford The SEESOX Review Inside this issue: Greece in Europe Greece in Europe 1 audience the main tenets of his foreign policy. The Minister SEESOX News bites 2 focused on the geopolitical Letter from the Director 2 significance of Greece, at the centre of a triangle of Political Economy of 3 instability defined by Eastern South East Europe Ukraine, the Middle East and Max Watson 3 Libya and affecting the whole of Europe. Greece’s stability Visiting Fellows: 4 and external support were In their own words paramount for the stability of Europe, both despite and SEESOX on Greece: 6 Greek Foreign Minister, Nikos Kotzias, delivering the SEESOX Annual Lecture Legacies and Challenges because of its economic malaise. The Minister responded At the start of 2015, Greece demoicracy based on the Bosnia and Herzegovina: 8 to questions on Greece’s again hit the headlines principle of mutual New International ability to address the new Thinking following the accession to recognition and respect for European challenges, including power of the radical left party small states. Anastasakis SEESOX Seminar Series: 10 current uncertainties in the SYRIZA, a first in Eurozone asked whether the Greek crisis Global South East Europe Balkans, the rising refugee crisis politics. SEESOX should be seen as an in a multi-polar world influx, Germany’s “economic followed these developments exception or as part of a wider colonisation” of Greece, Focus on regional politics 12 closely. We spoke in Athens in European malaise. relations with Russia and the June along with Timothy On 10 June, Greece’s SEESOX seminars and 14 voice of small states in Garton Ash on: Crisis in Foreign Minister Nikos conferences European foreign policy.