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Situating Globalization Situating Globalization. Views from Egypt 26.09.00 --- Projekt: transcript.nelson / Dokument: FAX ID 00c5267656838312|(S. 1 ) nelson.schmutztitel.p 267656838416 27.09.00 --- Projekt: transcript.nelson / Dokument: FAX ID 01b2267747145512|(S. 2 ) seite 2.p - Seite 2 267747145584 Cynthia Nelson Shahnaz Rouse (eds.) Situating Globalization Views from Egypt 26.09.00 --- Projekt: transcript.nelson / Dokument: FAX ID 00c5267656838312|(S. 3 ) nelson.title.p 267656838484 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Situating Globalization : Views from Egypt / Cynthia Nelson ; Shahnaz Rouse (eds.). – Bielefeld : transcript Verl., 2000 ISBN 3-933127-61-0 © 2000 transcript Verlag, Bielefeld Typeset by: digitron GmbH, Bielefeld Printed by: Digital Print, Witten ISBN 3-933127-61-0 02.01.01 --- Projekt: transcript.nelson / Dokument: FAX ID 01e2276111746544|(S. 4 ) nelson.impressum.p 276111746552 Contents Preface 7 Cynthia Nelson and Shahnaz Rouse Prologue 9 Cynthia Nelson and Shahnaz Rouse Globalization, Islam and the Indigenization of Knowledge 15 Philip Marfleet The Islamization of Knowledge between Particularism and Globalization: Malaysia and Egypt 53 Mona Abaza Gendering Globalization: Alternative Languages of Modernity 97 Cynthia Nelson and Shahnaz Rouse Struggling and Surviving: The Trajectory of Sheikh Moubarak Abdu Fadl. A Historical Figure of the Egyptian Left 159 Didier Monciaud 5 26.09.00 --- Projekt: transcript.nelson / Dokument: FAX ID 00c5267656838312|(S. 5- 6) nelson.inhalt.p 267656838592 Al-daght: Pressures of Modern Life in Cairo 203 Mohammed Tabishat Creating Bodies, Organizing Selves: Planning the Family in Egypt 231 Kamran Asdar Ali Death of a Midwife 255 Petra Kuppinger Problematizing Marriage: Minding My Manners in My Husband’s Community 283 Anita Häusermann Fábos A Tale of Two Contracts: Towards a Situated Understanding of “Women Interests” in Egypt 301 Heba El-Kholy “We Are Not Feminists!” Egyptian Women Activists on Feminism 337 Nadje Al-Ali The Contributors 359 6 26.09.00 --- Projekt: transcript.nelson / Dokument: FAX ID 00c5267656838312|(S. 5- 6) nelson.inhalt.p 267656838592 Preface Preface Cynthia Nelson and Shahnaz Rouse The idea of this book came into being following a panel on the theme: Gender Discourse and the Indigenization of Knowledge Debate, that Nelson organized for the Sixth Congress of the International Association of Middle Eastern Studies held at Bayt al-Ayn University, Mafraq, Jordan April 10-14, 1996. We broadened the theme to encom- pass issues of globalization and the indigenization of knowledge debates and, in addition to the five original panelists who presented at that conference (Nelson, Rouse, Abaza, Al-Ali, El-Kholy), we in- vited six additional scholars (Didier, Marfleet, Asdar Ali, Häusermann Fábos, Kuppinger, Tabishat) all with theoretical interest in and research experience on issues of globalization / localization in Egypt. The title Situating Globalization: Views from Egypt was chosen pre- cisely to reflect the fact that not only did we all meet each other in Egypt but also because the many dialogues and debates we engaged in with each other catalyzed much of the original research reflected in this book. All authors have written original papers each of which explores a particular dimension of the indigenization of knowledge debate emerging from the intersection of local experience with the broader processes of globalization – one of the most timely and relevant issues that is being debated in both the North and South. The range of perspectives and original materials dealt with by each author highlights the renewed urgency of the struggle for cultural autonomy and voice within the context of the globalization process. In other words each paper explores how the various processes at both the local and global level intersect to create new discourses and debates around the “indigenization of knowledge”. If a new wind of cultural decolonization is blowing through the Arab Middle East, which is 7 26.09.00 --- Projekt: transcript.nelson / Dokument: FAX ID 00c5267656838312|(S. 7- 8) nelson.preface.bearbeitung1.p 267656838632 Cynthia Nelson and Shahnaz Rouse having profound impact on the lives of men and women, then we should expect a new scholarship to emerge in order to grasp and understand it. This book is a contribution in that direction. However, we would not have been able to complete this project without the support and commitment of a number of individuals and institutions. First, we would like to acknowledge the generosity of the Social Science Research Council, the Council of American Overseas Research Centers which helped fund the research of Professor Rouse, and Sarah Lawrence College for providing the leave of absence that enabled her to spend the necessary time in Egypt to undertake this project. Second, we would like to extend our deep appreciation to the American University in Cairo for its support to Professor Nelson in the form of conference grants to assemble the first panel in Jordan, research assistence for seminars and open forums and continuous academic encouragement. Thirdly, we would like to offer our special thanks to Rania al-Malky and Nelly El-Zayat, Graduate Merit Fel- lows, for their many hours of library reference work, editing and typing of first drafts and their continuous communication with all the participants. Last but by no means least, goes our deepest gratitude to Roseline Matalanis and Yvette Fayez Isaac, loyal staff in the office of the Dean of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of the American University in Cairo, whose constant readiness and ideal of perfection, were generously devoted to many extra hours assisting the editors in the final preparation of the manuscript. 8 26.09.00 --- Projekt: transcript.nelson / Dokument: FAX ID 00c5267656838312|(S. 7- 8) nelson.preface.bearbeitung1.p 267656838632 Prologue Prologue Cynthia Nelson and Shahnaz Rouse One of the key dimensions of this volume concerns the issue of bor- ders and boundaries. These are both real and imaginary (i. e. symbolic and metaphoric), hegemonic and counter hegemonic. Among those real borders are spatial ones that determine individuals’ and commu- nities’ everyday location and place in the world – these include bor- ders / boundaries of class, gender, territory, and language(s). Each of these separations in turn has embedded in it, and rests on con- structions of ‘imaginary’ borders and boundaries – for instance the roles ascribed to women, the permissions and opportunities that stem from class and spatial / territorial location. In other words the real and imaginary do not exist as two disparate entities but are inextricably linked to each other in a dialectical move that simultaneously enables and disables movement and action. And it is this circular yet not tautological relation that defines the dilemmas and the promise of globalization. Until recently, three elements dominated thinking and writing on globalization: first, the newness of the phenomenon. Globalization was thus represented as a radical departure from the colonial and early post-colonial period. Second and in relation to the first, globalization was envisioned as a homogenizing process, one which threatened to engulf the local and overcome it. Implicit in such thinking is the notion that movement emanates from the north to the south; and furthermore, that the south is helpless in the face of the overwhelming power that still accrues and rests in the advanced capitalist world. The turning point in the view of many progressives and conservatives alike, was the decline and collapse of the Soviet Union, and the emergence of a ‘new’ world order. Finally, the global was represented as ‘foreign’, external 9 26.09.00 --- Projekt: transcript.nelson / Dokument: FAX ID 00c5267656838312|(S. 9- 14) nelson.prologue.bearbeitung1.p 267656838672 Cynthia Nelson and Shahnaz Rouse (to the local). The struggle therefore was posited as consisting of a dialectic encounter between hegemonic forces of globalization and ‘indigenous’ forces of resistance. Current re-visioning of globalization challenges all these supposi- tions. For those of us born in the ‘South’, globalization is nothing new. It is a new form of an on-going process that took inception during the heyday of colonialism. It might serve as a descriptive term to articulate the current historical period, but it remains theoretically problematic and imprecise. While theoretically globalization is often explained in terms of time-space compression, we feel bound to reiterate, borrow- ing from Doreen Massey’s Space, Place and Gender (1994: 147), the extent to which such a conceptualization represents the coming home of capital’s outward spread on localities in the core. She states: The sense of dislocation which some might feel at the sight of a once well- known local street now lined with a succession of cultural imports … must have been felt for centuries, though from a very different point of view, by colonized peoples all over the world as they watched the importation, maybe even used, the products of, first, European colonization, maybe British …, later U. S., as they learned to eat wheat instead of rice or corn, to drink Coca Cola, just as today we try out enchiladas. Moreover, as well as querying the enthnocentricity of the idea of time-space compression and its current acceleration, we also need to ask about its causes: what is it that determines our degrees of mobility, that influences the sense we have of space and place? Time-space compression refers to movement and communication across space, to the geographical stretching out of social rela- tions, and to our experience of all of this. The usual interpretation is that it results overwhelmingly from the action of capital, and from its currently in- creasing internationalization … . But surely this is insufficient. Among the many other things which clearly influence that experience, there are, for instance, ‘race’ and gender … . In other words, and most broadly, time-space compression needs differentiating socially. This is not just a moral or political point about inequality; it is also a conceptual point.
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