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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS Instituto De Ciências Biológicas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Samuel Geremias dos Santos Costa Sistemática e ecologia de ácaros Erythraeoidea (Acari: Parasitengona) Belo Horizonte – Minas Gerais 2019 Samuel Geremias dos Santos Costa Sistemática e ecologia de ácaros Erythraeoidea (Acari: Parasitengona) Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Zoologia, da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Zoologia. Oritentador: Dr. Almir Rogério Pepato Co-orientador: Dr. Pavel Klimov Belo Horizonte – MG Março/2019 2 3 DEDICATÓRIA Aos meus amados pais, que sempre me deram apoio no caminho das ciências da natureza. A minha mãe que já no maternal preparava a merendeira cheia de amor e até hoje em meio a correria da pós- graduação uma marmita com sobremesa e lanchinhos que me lembram do apoio que vem de casa. A meu pai que tem me motivado desde a infância com os inúmeros acampamentos dos quais surgiram meu gosto pela natureza, até o apoio incondicional a minha dedicação a vida acadêmica, que é por muitos desvalorizada. Aos vários pesquisadores experientes que me apoiaram nessa jornada, dos professores do departamento de zoologia da UFMG e aqueles que me receberam no intercambio, proveram equipamento, acesso aos espécimes ou dicas valiosas. Entre eles meu orientador Dr. Almir Pepato; Dr. Hans Klompen e Dr. Jose Orlando Combita Heredia da Ohio State University; Dr. Pavel Klimov e Barry O’Connor da University of Michigan; Dr. Cal Welbourn do departamento de agricultura da Florida e Dra. Marla Schwarzfeld da Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a meu orientador Prof. Dr. Almir Rogério Pepato, por me guiar e apoiar pacientemente ao longo do processo de aprendizagem que se estende desde a iniciação científica em 2013 até a presente data. Aos membros da banca Prof. Dr. Adalberto José dos Santos, Dr. Leopoldo Ferreira de Oliveira Bernardi e Dr. Frederico Dutra Kirst por se disporem a compor a banca, ler e por meio de suas críticas e sugestões contribuir com este extenso trabalho. Aos meus irmãos e inúmeros amigos pelo apoio ao longo da jornada de pós-graduação. Entre eles se destacam Sara, Baruc, Dante, Pedro, Samuel, Lucas, Luciana, Carlos, Higor, Gabriel, Franciele, especialmente a Qinghe por ter também me hospedado durante o intercambio e a minha querida Gabriela que tanto tem me apoiado nesta reta final. Por fim, ao programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia e as agências de fomento CAPES através da bolsa Demanda Social e do programa Ciências Sem Fronteiras, a ADESITA (contrato numero 04/2016 - Agência de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social de Itabirito), Pró Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pró Reitoria De Graduação da UFMG que através de diferentes projetos apoiaram e financiaram meus estudos. 5 “Work hard, play hard” (Guetta, 2011) 6 SUMÁRIO RESUMO ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 LISTA DE ABREVIAÇÕES MORFOLOGICAS .......................................................................................................... 14 1 INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................................................ 16 1.1 Os ácaros Parasitengona classificação e ciclo de vida. ................................................................. 16 Figura 1 – Ciclo de vida dos Parasitengona. .............................................................................................. 17 1.2 Visão geral sobre os Erythraeoidea ............................................................................................... 17 Figura 2 – Características gerais e diagnosticas dos Erythraeoidea. ......................................................... 18 1.3 Escopo e desafios .............................................................................................................................. 18 1.4 Ilustrações dos caracteres morfológicos mais utilizados .............................................................. 19 Figura 3 – Posição dos principais caracteres morfológicos citados na lista de abreviações para o gnatossoma de Erythraeoidea. .................................................................................................................. 20 Figura 4 – Posição dos principais caracteres morfológicos citados na lista de abreviações para o idiosoma e scutum dos Erythraeoidea. ..................................................................................................... 21 Figura 5 – Posição dos principais caracteres morfológicos citados na lista de abreviações para as pernas dos Erythraeoidea. .................................................................................................................................... 23 Referências ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 1 - Integrative taxonomy towards the association of heteromorphic specimens: The multi-instar descriptions of cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Acari: Parasitengona). ................................................................. 25 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ 25 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 26 Material and methods ................................................................................................................................. 27 Collecting, mounting, rearing and morphological description. ................................................................ 27 Molecular analyses .................................................................................................................................... 28 Table I – Detailed sampling data and GenBank accession numbers. ........................................................ 31 Molecular analyses .................................................................................................................................. 34 Results ........................................................................................................................................................... 35 Data set characteristics. ............................................................................................................................ 36 Data set preliminary analysis. ................................................................................................................... 36 Species delimitation results. ...................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 1 – Ultrametric bayesian phylogenetic trees based on COI. .......................................................... 39 Figure 2 – Matrix illustrating the posterior probability of recovering a terminal (line) and any of the other terminals (columns) as a single species according to the bGMYC. .......................................................... 41 Descriptions .................................................................................................................................................. 41 Lasioerythraeus sp. nov. .............................................................................................................................. 41 Diagnosis ................................................................................................................................................... 41 7 Larvae. ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 Deutonymph. .............................................................................................................................................. 42 Female. ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 Remarks.................................................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 3 – Lasioerythraeus sp. nov. larva. ................................................................................................ 46 Figure 4 – Lasioerythraeus sp. nov. larva. ................................................................................................ 48 Figure 5 – Lasioerythraeus sp. nov. deutonymph. .................................................................................... 49 Figure 6 – Lasioerythraeus sp. nov. female. ............................................................................................. 50 Figure 7 – Lasioerythraeus sp. nov. female. ............................................................................................. 50 Table II – Metric data for the larval specimens of Leptus sp. nov., Lasioerythraeus sp. nov., and five new specimens of Charletonia rocciai Treat & Flechtmann, 1979. ................................................................
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