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10 Water Resources in Africa and Kenya III.Key Water Withdraw and Use in Kenya: Well water development International Water Issues UN-WATER/WWAP/2006/12 Water Availability in Kenya 37 The inadequate maintenance of the hydro- management. As a result, water allocation and meteorological data collection network makes it abstraction decisions and investment decisions impossible to carry out meaningful water are based on inadequate water resources data. resources planning, design, operations, and Table 2.2.Spatial Variability of Average annual surface water availability Drainage area Volume in million cubic meters per year Percentage of water abstracted Lake Victoria 11,672 2.2 Rift valley 2,784 1.7 Athi River 1,152 11.6 Tana River 3,744 15.9 Ewaso Ng’iro 339 12.4 National 20,291 5.3 Source: The aftercare study on the National Water Master Plan, July 1998 Table 2.3: .Status of Hydrometric stations in Kenya Drainage Basin Registered Stations operating Stations % Reduction stations by 1990 operating in from registered 2001 stations Lake Victoria 229 114 45 80% Rift Valley 153 50 33 78% Athi 223 74 31 86% Tana 205 116 66 67% Northern Ewaso Ng’iro 113 45 29 74% National 923 399 204 78% Source: Report on Towards a Water secure Kenya (April 2004) Table 2.4:.General Hydrological characteristics ISSUES TARGETS INDICATORS Inadequate monitoring Reconnaissance of all hydro -No. of stations stations monitoring stations to rehabilitated Inadequate Funding to determine status maintain/expand hydro /rehabilitation -No. of new Hydro network programme/maintenance stations established Limited Equipment, Expansion of hydro Network -No of Q Transport) O& M Regular river flow measurements taken Vandalism of installed measurements monitoring equipment Modernization (automation of -No. of stations Flood related damage some key stations) installed (automated) to installed stations Develop hydrological models -No. of models Recession of developed lakes/shifting river courses UN-WATER/WWAP/2006/12 Water Availability in Kenya 37 The inadequate maintenance of the hydro- management. As a result, water allocation and meteorological data collection network makes it abstraction decisions and investment decisions impossible to carry out meaningful water are based on inadequate water resources data. resources planning, design, operations, and Table 2.2.Spatial Variability of Average annual surface water availability Drainage area Volume in million cubic meters per year Percentage of water abstracted Lake Victoria 11,672 2.2 Rift valley 2,784 1.7 Athi River 1,152 11.6 Tana River 3,744 15.9 Ewaso Ng’iro 339 12.4 National 20,291 5.3 Source: The aftercare study on the National Water Master Plan, July 1998 Table 2.3: .Status of Hydrometric stations in Kenya Drainage Basin Registered Stations operating Stations % Reduction stations by 1990 operating in from registered 2001 stations Lake Victoria 229 114 45 80% Rift Valley 153 50 33 78% Athi 223 74 31 86% Tana 205 116 66 67% Northern Ewaso Ng’iro 113 45 29 74% National 923 399 204 78% Source: Report on Towards a Water secure Kenya (April 2004) Table 2.4:.General Hydrological characteristics ISSUES TARGETS INDICATORS Inadequate monitoring Reconnaissance of all hydro -No. of stations stations monitoring stations to rehabilitated Inadequate Funding to determine status maintain/expand hydro /rehabilitation -No. of new Hydro network programme/maintenance stations established Limited Equipment, Expansion of hydro Network -No of Q Transport) O& M Regular river flow measurements taken Vandalism of installed measurements monitoring equipment Modernization (automation of -No. of stations Flood related damage some key stations) installed (automated) to installed stations Develop hydrological models -No. of models Recession of developed lakes/shifting river courses BOX 16.1 ACCELERATING WATER INNOVATION – CASE STUDIES Ontario, Canada The Government of Ontario created the Water Technology Acceleration Project (WaterTAP) in 2011 to help connect companies with the resources they need to successfully enter water technology markets by facilitating the demonstration, commercialization and adoption of innovative water solutions through knowledge sharing, attracting investment and developing innovative financial models. Established as a non-profit organization, WaterTAP champions and supports Ontario’s status as a world water technology hub. It promotes close cooperation between Ontario’s public and private water industry institutions and businesses and consists of 100 technology incubators, accelerators and programs. In this ‘knowledge mobilization’ process, Ontario’s water-related research organizations collaborate closely with university researchers, government agencies, municipalities and the water industry. Specific water technology clusters cover biogas energy generation and nutrient recovery from wastewater and stormwater management and treatment to counteract the heavy rainfall events of climate change, buried pipeline infrastructure inspection, monitoring and rehabilitation, and ‘smart’ technologies involving the collection and processing of real-time data. Ontario has a strong track record in producing water-related patents, where the water industry holds some 22,000 jobs in 100 water-related research organizations, 300 start- ups, 700 established companies and more than 750 water and wastewater treatment facilities. Europe Like other European innovation partnerships, the European Innovation Partnership on Water (EIP Water) was initiated by the European Commission (EC) to accelerate water innovations, with a specific focus on those that serve to address societal challenges, foster the EU’s competitiveness and support the EC’s overarching goal of creating jobs and stimulating economic growth. The EIP Water is intended to create market opportunities for these innovations (inside and outside of Europe), remove barriers by advancing and leveraging existing solutions, and initiate and promote collaborative processes for change and innovation in the water sector across the public and private sector, NGOs and the general public. The implementation of the EIP Water started in May 2013, and its primary vehicles are voluntary, multi- stakeholder Action Groups (almost 30 registered in 2015) and an online Market Place on the EIP Water online platform. African cities Commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs to run initially from 2014-2017, VIA Water is a programme that aims to identify innovative solutions for water problems facing cities in seven African countries: Benin, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Rwanda and South Sudan. It connects ‘curious researchers and creative entrepreneurs, innovative NGOs and progressive policy-makers’. VIA Water financially supports small-scale innovations at the start of the supply chain through the VIA Water Fund and provides matchmaking between potential partners from the seven VIA Water countries. The programme shares and enriches the knowledge obtained along the innovation process through its VIA Water Learning Community. Contributed by Uta Wehn (UNESCO-IHE), based on WaterTap (n.d.); EIP Water (n.d.); Viawater (n.d.). 118 WWDR 2016 For example, whereas water can be an essential Statistical systems are moving towards measuring new input in sectors such as agriculture and power ‘work’ standards, and different forms of work and generation, water is not necessarily essential for labour underutilization indicators (ICLS, 2013). This many tasks undertaken by workers in those sectors, should also serve to facilitate construction of water- such as administrative or clerical tasks. To date, dependent decent work indicators: National statistical no research examining or comparing the ‘water systems could combine water-related variables and intensity’ of certain jobs has been undertaken. data from all available/potential sources (i.e. regular/ ad hoc/special modules), such as census, labour Chapter 18 of this report provides further force surveys, household income and expenditure suggestions on increasing knowledge and surveys, demographic and health surveys. Building innovation to be able to make decisions based on statistical baseline data provides impetus to advocate robust metrics. for government investment in and commitment to developing and maintaining the public water system. 17.2 Opportunities Indicators for water and indicators for jobs and employment have something in common: both need For example, whereas water can be an essential Input-outputStatistical systems (I-O) analysis are moving and socialtowards accounting measuring new to be appropriate for collection by a regular, national input in sectors such as agriculture and power matrices‘work’ standards,(SAMs) identify and different how water forms is used of work as an and statistical data collection programme and for the generation, water is not necessarily essential for inputlabour by underutilizationdifferent subsectors, indicators and seek (ICLS, to 2013). quantify This generation of comparable time-series analysis (even if many tasks undertaken by workers in those sectors, theshould jobs createdalso serve when to facilitate a government construction increases of water-or infrequent, i.e. every five years). such as administrative or clerical tasks. To date, improvesdependent water decent supply. work This indicators: would help National develop statistical a no research examining or comparing the ‘water comprehensivesystems could mappingcombine ofwater-related the linkages variables between and As previously mentioned in Chapters 4 and 14, there intensity’
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