Nevada Offsites Fact Sheet
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Richard G. Hewlett and Jack M. Holl. Atoms
ATOMS PEACE WAR Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission Richard G. Hewlett and lack M. Roll With a Foreword by Richard S. Kirkendall and an Essay on Sources by Roger M. Anders University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London Published 1989 by the University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England Prepared by the Atomic Energy Commission; work made for hire. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hewlett, Richard G. Atoms for peace and war, 1953-1961. (California studies in the history of science) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Nuclear energy—United States—History. 2. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission—History. 3. Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969. 4. United States—Politics and government-1953-1961. I. Holl, Jack M. II. Title. III. Series. QC792. 7. H48 1989 333.79'24'0973 88-29578 ISBN 0-520-06018-0 (alk. paper) Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii List of Figures and Tables ix Foreword by Richard S. Kirkendall xi Preface xix Acknowledgements xxvii 1. A Secret Mission 1 2. The Eisenhower Imprint 17 3. The President and the Bomb 34 4. The Oppenheimer Case 73 5. The Political Arena 113 6. Nuclear Weapons: A New Reality 144 7. Nuclear Power for the Marketplace 183 8. Atoms for Peace: Building American Policy 209 9. Pursuit of the Peaceful Atom 238 10. The Seeds of Anxiety 271 11. Safeguards, EURATOM, and the International Agency 305 12. -
Bibliography on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS Bibliography Unit Library & Technical Information Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Bombay 85. India 1970 We regret that some of the pages in the microfiche copy of this report may not be up to the proper legibility standards, even though the best possible copy was used for preparing the master fiche. FOREWORD The subject of peaceful uses of nuclear explosions hns been attracting increasing attention in view of i~s immense potentialities. The United States of America and the Soviet Union, which are among the countries most ad- vanced in the field of nuclear science and technology, have already conducted several experiments in this dire- ction and have several projects underway. The principai aim of the compilation of the present bibliography is to make available to the Indian scientists and engineers up-to-date information on the subject based upon all available literature. The bibliography comprises 685 references with in- formative abstracts. The main sources of information used for compiling it are .-Nuclear Science Abstracts, (NSA), primary journals and reports. Whenever USA is referred to, its volume and abstract numbers are given at the bottom of the abstract. In addition to the author and report number indexes, a list of major Plowshare events is also given. The compiler of this bibliography is Miss.ft.A.liagarathna of the IN IS Unit of the Library and Technical Information Section of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Although every effort has been cade to include all available pub- lished literature in this field till May 1970, omissions are inevitable. -
Bob Farquhar
1 2 Created by Bob Farquhar For and dedicated to my grandchildren, their children, and all humanity. This is Copyright material 3 Table of Contents Preface 4 Conclusions 6 Gadget 8 Making Bombs Tick 15 ‘Little Boy’ 25 ‘Fat Man’ 40 Effectiveness 49 Death By Radiation 52 Crossroads 55 Atomic Bomb Targets 66 Acheson–Lilienthal Report & Baruch Plan 68 The Tests 71 Guinea Pigs 92 Atomic Animals 96 Downwinders 100 The H-Bomb 109 Nukes in Space 119 Going Underground 124 Leaks and Vents 132 Turning Swords Into Plowshares 135 Nuclear Detonations by Other Countries 147 Cessation of Testing 159 Building Bombs 161 Delivering Bombs 178 Strategic Bombers 181 Nuclear Capable Tactical Aircraft 188 Missiles and MIRV’s 193 Naval Delivery 211 Stand-Off & Cruise Missiles 219 U.S. Nuclear Arsenal 229 Enduring Stockpile 246 Nuclear Treaties 251 Duck and Cover 255 Let’s Nuke Des Moines! 265 Conclusion 270 Lest We Forget 274 The Beginning or The End? 280 Update: 7/1/12 Copyright © 2012 rbf 4 Preface 5 Hey there, I’m Ralph. That’s my dog Spot over there. Welcome to the not-so-wonderful world of nuclear weaponry. This book is a journey from 1945 when the first atomic bomb was detonated in the New Mexico desert to where we are today. It’s an interesting and sometimes bizarre journey. It can also be horribly frightening. Today, there are enough nuclear weapons to destroy the civilized world several times over. Over 23,000. “Enough to make the rubble bounce,” Winston Churchill said. The United States alone has over 10,000 warheads in what’s called the ‘enduring stockpile.’ In my time, we took care of things Mano-a-Mano. -
Nevada Test Site: Desert Annex of TESTS SINCE the Nuclear Weapons Laboratories 1945 Q Denotes “Subcritical” Introduction Test
Western States Legal Foundation Nevada Desert Experience Information Bulletin Summer 2005 update 1,000+ U.S. NUCLEAR The Nevada Test Site: Desert Annex of TESTS SINCE the Nuclear Weapons Laboratories 1945 q denotes “subcritical” Introduction test Aardvark 1962 Abeytas 1970 The Nevada Test Site (NTS), an immense tract of desert and mountains northwest of Las Abilene 1988 Able 1946 Able 1951 Vegas, is the test range where the United States government set off over 900 nuclear Able 1951 Able 1952 explosions during the Cold War phase of the arms race. For most Americans, the Test Site is Abo 1985 Absinthe 1967 only a symbol of a closed chapter of history, a time of great danger that now is over. Even Ace 1964 Acushi 1963 those who know that the Nevada Test Site still is used for “subcritical” testing of nuclear Adobe 1962 Adze 1968 weapons materials and components underground may think operations largely have been Agile 1967 Agouti 1962 Agrini 1984 suspended, with unused facilities retained only against the eventuality of a return to full scale Ahtanum 1963 Ajax 1966 underground nuclear testing. But the Test Site remains an important part of the nuclear Ajo 1970 Akavi 1981 weapons complex, both a remote site where dangerous activities can be conducted with little Akbar 1972 Alamo 1988 public knowledge and a weapons laboratory unto itself. High risk programs involving nuclear Aleman 1986 Algodones 1971 material, such as nuclear criticality experiments, are slated for transfer to the Test Site, and it Aligote 1981 Aliment 1969 Allegheny 1962 also is being considered as a location for a proposed factory to mass produce plutonium pits, Alma 1962 Almendro 1973 the atomic explosive “triggers”at the core of most nuclear weapons. -
Sandia's Weapons Program
Sandia’s weapons program: Exciting work ahead, but the fiscal environment will be challenging Joan Woodard talks about program’s accomplishments, prospects, budgets, and staffing The Lab News had the opportunity recently to sit three things that are important. First of all, we down with Deputy Labs Director for Nuclear Weapons need to have a stockpile that’s sized appropriately, Joan Woodard to talk about the state of the program. and the president has made his decision about The interview was conducted by John German and where to go with that stockpile and we’re on that Stephanie Holinka. Here’s a transcript of their course to get there by 2012. conversation. The second part of this issue is that the stock- * * * pile needs to be capable of addressing the interna- Lab News: Let’s start with a big question . tional threat environment; it needs to have the What are the strongest arguments today for mainte- right capabilities. The military and DoD will need nance of the existing stockpile as a credible deterrent? to make that determination. As a nation, we talk There’s a national debate on this subject and the about capabilities-based strategy for national secu- outcome of that debate will determine much of the rity and defense; this strategy needs to be applied Labs’ future. in the nuclear deterrent arena. Joan Woodard: Let me first note that I don’t The third part is maintaining the technical think there’s a person at Sandia — and it would strength and competency to understand nuclear probably be hard to find anyone in the nation — weapons physics, weapons design engineering, who wouldn’t welcome a nuclear weapons-free, advanced technology, survivability, surety technol- peaceful world if we could really get there with ogy and systems, etc. -
The Nevada Test Site and the Socializing Practices of a Nuclearized World
C H A P T E R 1 The Nevada Test Site and the Socializing Practices of a Nuclearized World The Nevada Test Site is a devastatingly holy place. —Anne Symens-Bucher1 “So this is how it feels,” Mary Ann Cejka thought, as she stared down at the handcuffs loosely fastened about her wrists. Writing about the act of nonviolent civil disobedience she took part in at the Nevada Test Site the first week of January, 1986, Ms. Cejka mused how, strangely, “I felt perfectly calm as I waited my turn to be frisked by a female official from the U.S. Department of Energy.”2 A campus minis- ter at California State University Long Beach at the time, Cejka had been drawn by a compelling sense of urgency to take nonviolent action at the United States’ nuclear proving ground sixty-five miles north of Las Vegas. Concerned about what she perceived as the increasing threat of nuclear war, Cejka decided to take part in the Nevada Desert Experience “New Year’s” ritual of prayer and nonviolent witness. Driving east from Southern California across the Mojave Desert and then skirting Death Valley, Cejka had arrived at St. James Catholic Church in Las Vegas the day before the activities at the test site began. She joined nearly two hundred people in preparation for their journey to a site where the United States and Britain had detonated hundreds of nuclear bombs. They participated in a nonviolence training that set the tone for the peace witness and prepared some of them to risk arrest. -
Lithium Resources and Requirements by the Year 2000
Lithium Resources and Requirements by the Year 2000 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1005 Lithium Resources and Requirements by the Year 2000 JAMES D. VINE, Editor GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1005 A collection of papers presented at a symposium held in Golden, Colorado, January 22-24, 1976 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director First printing 1976 Second printing 1977 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Vine, James David, 1921- Lithium resources and requirements by the year 2000. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1005) 1. Lithium ores-United States-Congresses. 2. Lithium-Congresses. I. Vine, James David, 1921- II. Title. HI. Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1005. TN490.L5L57 553'.499 76-608206 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02887-5 CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction, by James D. Vine, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo ______________-_______-_-- — ------- —— —— ——— ---- 1 2. Battery research sponsored by the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, by Albert Landgrebe, Energy Research and De velopment Administration, Washington, D.C., and Paul A. Nelson, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill-__- —— -____.—————— 2 3. Battery systems for load-leveling and electric-vehicle application, near-term and advanced technology (abstract), by N. P. Yao and W. J. Walsh, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 111___.__________________________________-___-_________ — ________ 5 4. Lithium requirements for high-energy lithium-aluminum/iron-sulfide batteries for load-leveling and electric-vehicle applications, by A. -
Un International Day Against Nuclear Weapons Tests, August 29, 2020
-- OMNI UN INTERNATIONAL DAY AGAINST NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS, AUGUST 29, 2020. NEWSLETTER #5. https://jamesrichardbennett.blogspot.com/2020/08/omni-un-international-day-against.html Compiled by Dick Bennett for a Culture of Peace, Justice, and Ecology. (#1 August 29, 2012; #2 August 29, 2013; #3 August 29, 2014; #4, August 29, 2015). http://omnicenter.org/donate/ Please forward #1 August 29, 2012: http://jamesrichardbennett.blogspot.com/2012/08/hiroshima-nagasaki- remembrance-2012.html #2 August 29, 2013: http://jamesrichardbennett.blogspot.com/2013/08/nuclear-free-future- month-newsletter.html #3 August 29, 2014: http://jamesrichardbennett.blogspot.com/2014/08/un-international-day- against-nuclear.html #4, August 29, 2015. http://jamesrichardbennett.blogspot.com/2015/08/omni-un-international- day-against.html GET INFORMED AND TAKE CONVERSION/ TRANSITION ACTION THROUGH CONGRESS, REPRESENTATIVES JIM MCGOVERN AND BARBARA LEE, GREEN NEW DEAL Warheads to Windmills: How to Pay for a Green New Deal. 26.06.2019 - US, United States – Pressenza International Press Agency, New York By Tim Wallis. Warheads to Windmills: How to Pay for a Green New Deal was officially launched in Congress on June 20th, with the endorsement of the Sierra Club and support of Representatives Jim McGovern and Barbara Lee. Rep. Jim McGovern has been a staunch supporter of both the Green New Deal and the campaign to eliminate nuclear weapons. He suggested that a Congressional hearing could “make these connections, how we can transition from one industry to another.” MORE The original article can be found on our partner's website here NUCLEAR RISK Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (8-10-20) Podcast: Nuclear weapons at the brink In the most recent episode of the At The Brink podcast, members of the Bulletin's Science and Security Board join other scholars, advocates, and policy makers in clearly outlining the destabilizing costs and effects of nuclear modernization (testing). -
Edward Lewis and Radioactive Fallout the Impact Of
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Caltech Theses and Dissertations EDWARD LEWIS AND RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT THE IMPACT OF CALTECH BIOLOGISTS ON THE DEBATE OVER NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTING IN THE 1950s AND 60s Thesis by Jennifer Caron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science Science, Ethics, and Society Option CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2003 (Presented January 8, 2003) ii © 2003 Jennifer Caron All Rights Reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Professor Ed Lewis, I am deeply grateful to you for sharing your story and spending hours talking to me. Professor Ray Owen, thank you for your support and historical documents I would not have found on my own. Professor Morgan Kousser, I am grateful for your advice and criticism, especially when this project was most overwhelming. Chris Waters, Steve Youra and Nathan Wozny, thank you for helping me get the writing going. Jim Summers and Winnee Sunshine, thank you for providing me with a quiet place to write. Professors Charles Barnes, Robert Christy, and John D. Roberts, thank you for sharing your memories and understandings of these events. Peter Westwick, thank you for the reading suggestions that proved crucial to my historical understanding. Kaisa Taipale, thank you for your help editing. Professor John Woodard, thank you for helping me to better understand the roots of ethics. Professor Diana Kormos-Buchwald, thank you for being my advisor and for your patience. And Scott Fraser, thank you for telling me about Lewis’s contribution to the fallout debate and encouraging me to talk to him. -
America's Nuclear Past: Examining the Effects Of
S. HRG. 116–94 AMERICA’S NUCLEAR PAST: EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION IN INDIAN COUNTRY FIELD HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 7, 2019 Printed for the use of the Committee on Indian Affairs ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 38–548 PDF WASHINGTON : 2019 VerDate Mar 15 2010 12:59 Dec 10, 2019 Jkt 038548 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\DOCS\38548.TXT JACK COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS JOHN HOEVEN, North Dakota, Chairman TOM UDALL, New Mexico, Vice Chairman JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming MARIA CANTWELL, Washington LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska JON TESTER, Montana, JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii STEVE DAINES, Montana CATHERINE CORTEZ MASTO, Nevada MARTHA MCSALLY, Arizona TINA SMITH, Minnesota JERRY MORAN, Kansas T. MICHAEL ANDREWS, Majority Staff Director and Chief Counsel JENNIFER ROMERO, Minority Staff Director and Chief Counsel (II) VerDate Mar 15 2010 12:59 Dec 10, 2019 Jkt 038548 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\DOCS\38548.TXT JACK C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on October 7, 2019 ............................................................................ 1 Statement of Senator Udall .................................................................................... 1 WITNESSES Chavarria, Hon. J. Michael, Governor, Santa Clara Pueblo ................................ 46 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 48 Christensen, Loretta, Chief Medical Officer, -
U.S. Department of Energy EEOICPA Search Process
Department of Energy EEOICPA Search Process Office of Health and Safety Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security Greg Lewis, Director, Office of Worker Screening and Compensation Support [email protected] November 2020 Types of requests Three types of requests: Employment verification NIOSH DAR (Document Acquisition Request) Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security 2 Types of requests Employment verifications are the first step of the process and typically the most straightforward NIOSH requests all radiological monitoring and dose data DAR is a request for all health, employment and exposure records related to an individual Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security 3 Site Points of Contact DOE EEOICPA Site POCs: Coordinate all research activities with NIOSH, NIOSH Advisory Board, DOL and various contractors Set up site visits and tours for NIOSH, NIOSH Advisory Board, DOL as well as other groups. Work with both DOL and NIOSH to identify site subject matter experts and to facilitate interviews with current and former workers; Manage site’s response to individual records requests. Ensure DOE responses are complete and timely. Provide onsite EEOICPA information to workers. Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security 4 History – Search Process Started with primarily paper records sent via mail Mix of paper records and electronic records on CD All records electronic via CD or thumb drive Encryption SERT system Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security 5 History – Search Process Scanning and indexing projects Some are large scale (Idaho, Nevada test Site, Hanford) Most are small and targeted . Small collections, binders, notebooks, etc. Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security 6 Process - Individual Claims The records search process is different at each DOE site, but at most active sites the process follows a similar outline. -
The New Nuclear West: Uranium Milling As Community on Colorado's
THE NEW NUCLEAR WEST: URANIUM MILLING AS COMMUNITY ON COLORADO’S WESTERN SLOPE by Abraham S.D. Tidwell A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Political Economy of Resources. Golden, Colorado Date ________________ Signed: _________________________ Abraham S.D. Tidwell Signed: _________________________ Dr. Jen Schneider Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date ________________ Signed: _________________________ Kathleen J. Hancock Director and Associate Professor MIPER Program Liberal Arts & International Studies Signed: _________________________ Elizabeth Van Wie Davis Professor and Division Director Liberal Arts & International Studies ii ABSTRACT In mid-2007, Energy Fuels, a Toronto-based uranium mining and milling company, announced their intent to build Piñon Ridge, the first new conventional uranium mill in the United States in 30 years. The prospect of a return to uranium milling has mobilized community support to bring back an industry some see as both familiar and capable of supporting and growing their communities. Using transcripts generated during the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment’s public meetings and hearings during 2010 and 2012, this study examines how proponents of the mill frame the socioeconomic advantages of bringing the industry back. Applying Kinsella’s bounded constitutive model of communication, this study shows that the community and the uranium mill are bound in a “sorge-enframing” duality where the care generated by each binds the other to the recalcitrant nature of the uranium industry and preconceived notions of socioeconomic development, respectively. This conclusion suggests that current public engagement processes associated with uranium mill licensing fail to address the complex social and economic issues surrounding the uranium industry, limiting the ability for community members to establish a new, more sustainable, development narrative.