DOCSLIB.ORG

Identity and Multiculturalism in the Romanian Banat

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identity and Multiculturalism in the Romanian Banat Méditerranée 110 (2008) Bulgarie-Roumanie ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Remus Creţan, David Turnock et Jaco Woudstra Identity and multiculturalism in the Romanian Banat ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Avertissement Le contenu de ce site relève de la législation française sur la propriété intellectuelle et est la propriété exclusive de l'éditeur. Les œuvres figurant sur ce site peuvent être consultées et reproduites sur un support papier ou numérique sous réserve qu'elles soient strictement réservées à un usage soit personnel, soit scientifique ou pédagogique excluant toute exploitation commerciale. La reproduction devra obligatoirement mentionner l'éditeur, le nom de la revue, l'auteur et la référence du document. Toute autre reproduction est interdite sauf accord préalable de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Revues.org est un portail de revues en sciences humaines et sociales développé par le Cléo, Centre pour l'édition électronique ouverte (CNRS, EHESS, UP, UAPV). ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Référence électronique Remus Creţan, David Turnock et Jaco Woudstra, « Identity and multiculturalism in the Romanian Banat », Méditerranée [En ligne], 110 | 2008, mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2010. URL : http://mediterranee.revues.org/523 DOI : en cours d'attribution Éditeur : Publications de l'université de Provence http://mediterranee.revues.org http://www.revues.org Document accessible en ligne sur : http://mediterranee.revues.org/523 Ce document est le fac-similé de l'édition papier. Tous droits réservés N° 110 - 2008 1 Identity and multiculturalism in the Romanian Banat Identité et multi-culturalisme dans le Banat roumain Remus CREŢAN David TURNOCK Jaco WOUDSTRA Professor Emeritus Professor Faculty of Geographical Sciences Department of Geography, Department of Geography Utrecht University West University of Timişoara University of Leicester. The Netherlands Pârvan 4 Timişoara, România Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K [email protected] cretan_remus@ yahoo.com [email protected] It is common for people to maintain an attachment to their native settlement La plupart des gens ont un sentiment d’attache vis-à-vis de leur village or county but there are also wider regional identities which may not be fully de naissance, mais certaines identités régionales plus larges peuvent ne pas reflected in official administrative hierarchies. The province of Banat was être reflétées par les hiérarchies administratives officielles. La province du established by the Habsburg authorities on the southeastern edge of the Banat a été créée par l’autorité habsbourgeoise sur le flanc sud-est de la plaine Pannonian Plain as an experiment in mercantilist colonisation following pannonienne sous la forme d’une expérience de colonisation mercantile suite the Turkish withdrawal. Although it was incorporated into the Hungarian au retrait des Turcs. Bien qu’incorporé dans l’État hongrois sous le système dual state under the dualist system negotiated in 1867 it retained its multicultural négocié en 1867, son caractère multi-culturel s’est maintenu, tout comme cela character ; as it was the case after the partition which followed the First a été le cas après la partition qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale. À travers World War. Through its main urban centre – Timişoara – the Romanian son centre urbain principal – Timişoara –, la partie roumaine du Banat a joué section of Banat played a leading role in the anti-communist revolution of un rôle déterminant dans la révolution anti-communiste de 1989 et a attiré 1989 and attracted a high level of foreign investment during the subsequent de nombreux investissements étrangers au cours de la période de transition qui transition period. The paper outlines the conceptual basis of regional identity, s’est ensuivie. Cet article interroge le concept d’identité régionale, s’intéresse documents the multicultural heritage of the Romanian component of the Banat à l’héritage multi-culturel de la composante roumaine du Banat et exploite les region and examines the results of a questionnaire survey –involving all résultats d’un questionnaire par sondage auprès de tous les groupes ethniques ethnic groups- enquiring into identity preferences. A strong multiculturalism portant sur les préférences identitaires. Un multi-culturalisme vigoureux emerged (in the context of both internal and external contributions) and seems émerge (issu d’apports internes et externes) et semble s’établir comme une set to remain a powerful force in the future of regionalism in Romania. force d’orientation puissante dans le devenir du régionalisme roumain. Key-words: regional identity, multiculturalism, Romanian Banat region Mots-clés : identité régionale, multi-culturalisme, Banat roumain Emerging out of its origin as the Habsburg frontier at the 1 - Introduction: conceptual basis edge of the Pannonian Plain, the Banat region1 in today’s and research programme western Romania, northern Serbia and southeastern Hungary is noted for its genuine multiculturalism which has emerged While Banat historically extends into Serbian territory from its diverse ethnic structure and turbulent history linked (east of the Tisa) and a very small part of Hungary between with imperialism during an age of enlightenment (CARTER & the Tisa and Mureş, our study of regional multiculturalism is TURNOCK 2000 ; BENNEtt 1998). Since historical experience limited to the Romanian component. We concentrate on the plays a fundamental role in the identity of the region today counties of Caraş-Severin and Timiş although many authors and, specifically for Romanian Banat (the largest part of a also consider small adjacent areas of Arad county (south of region divided by the post-1918 ethos of self-determination), the Mureş) and Mehedinţi county (along the Danube upstream this paper seeks to unravel the feelings that a particular of Orşova) as historically part of Banat, while the existence territory and history can evoke as well as the effects that of a West region (as one of eight large regions created as part these feelings have on society and its constituent groups : of the EU project) will inevitably require some consideration especially the Romanians along with the Serbs, Hungarians of Arad and Hunedoara counties. and Germans who constituted the major ethnicities with their As Berdoulay argues (quoted by PAASI 1996: 11-12) a place own villages and urban quarters. We then review the history is a mere network of social relations and a community is not of Banat with a focus on the theme of different identities necessarily bounded by a specific territory : only by discourse coexisting within this specific marginal region (inside the are the boundaries established, as is the community itself - ottoman, Hapsburg Empires as well as inside Romania) ; showing to the world as the “we” is distinct from the “other”. leading to the research outcomes and the profiling of the In other words, “when a group occupies a territory the group identities discernible today as the key to the region’s ongoing no longer defines the territory but the territory defines the multiculturalism (notwithstanding a Romanian majority that group” (HERB 1999: 17). Of course, stories and narratives now exceeds 80%) ; and its reproduction, especially through contributed by territorial elites will help to decide who joins the work of local government and the education service. and who does not : in this way the “we” will be separated See pl. 1, fig. 1, p. 52. 110DerQuadri.indd 17 06/11/2008 16:53:45 18 from the “other” by use of boundaries. But there may be rival Timişoara where the fortress built by Bela II assumed narratives such as the Hungarian and Romanian versions considerable economic and military importance. Indeed of Transylvanian history (PAASI 1996: 8-10) ; boundaries Timişoara became the residence of Carol-Robert of Anjou, being not only lines between states but invisible zones which made Timişoara a royal capital : the palace became within which groups with the same iconography distinguish the nucleus of the town and the site is currently occupied themselves from outsiders and mediate their contacts with by the Banat museum. However the Hungarian presence in them. Moreover “territories are not eternal units, but exist the mountains and hills was not maintained and, despite the for some time and disappear in the transformation of the nominal jurisdiction of Hungarian kings, several distinct world state system” (Ibid: 3). Romanian tribal districts can be identified under the rule Banat formation takes place at different scales. National of cnezii and juzii : Almăj, Bârzava, Caraş, Comeat, Fârdea, identity is one of the most privileged forms that tends to Ilidia, Mehadia and Sebeş (Caransebeş) in the present dominate others
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Advanced Hydraulic Modeling of Irrigation Channel Aranca, Romania
    Recent Advances in Energy, Environment and Geology Advanced hydraulic modeling of irrigation channel Aranca, Romania BEILICCI ROBERT FLORIN, BEILICCI ERIKA BEATA MARIA, GIRBACIU CRISTIAN Hydrotechnics Department, Civil Engineering Faculty “Politehnica” University of Timisoara Timisoara, George Enescu 1A, 300022 ROMANIA [email protected] http://www.ct.upt.ro Abstract: - Sinnicolau- Saravale drainage system is in the north part of the county of Timis. Sinnicolau- Saravale system comprises a total area of 20060 ha, of which occupied the land reclamation works of 19998 ha. own Sannicolau Mare is located in the western part of Romania, Timis County. Numerical modeling was performed using the program MIKE11. Advanced computational modules are included for description of flow over hydraulic structures, including possibilities to describe structure operation. Flood risk maps were prepared using MIKE 11 model, show a high degree of confidence. Key-Words: - irrigation channel, advanced modeling, flood maps, discharge hydrograph 1 Introduction 77.60 m registered share the wonder paddles - the Sinnicolau- Saravale drainage system is in the north confluence of the Tisa when the Yugoslav border part of the county of Timis and Tisa - Mures river dam close on Aranca . basin; sub-section II Aranca being bounded as In that moment close floodgates of Section IV and II follows: (Aranca km 40+250) and compartment II and I - North Mures drainage system and left dam Mures (Aranca km 77+940) being performed proper km 32+000 - 43+400 division of domestic waste water collected and sub- - South Basin sub-section III Aranca Galatca drainage units. - To the west sub-section IV Aranca Existing natural conditions imposed subdivision - East sub Aranca compartment I - limit Arad perimeter Sinnicolau-system drainage Saravale four County independent functional units as follows: Sinnicolau-Saravale system comprises a total area of 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Romanian Political Science Review Vol. XXI, No. 1 2021
    Romanian Political Science Review vol. XXI, no. 1 2021 The end of the Cold War, and the extinction of communism both as an ideology and a practice of government, not only have made possible an unparalleled experiment in building a democratic order in Central and Eastern Europe, but have opened up a most extraordinary intellectual opportunity: to understand, compare and eventually appraise what had previously been neither understandable nor comparable. Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review was established in the realization that the problems and concerns of both new and old democracies are beginning to converge. The journal fosters the work of the first generations of Romanian political scientists permeated by a sense of critical engagement with European and American intellectual and political traditions that inspired and explained the modern notions of democracy, pluralism, political liberty, individual freedom, and civil rights. Believing that ideas do matter, the Editors share a common commitment as intellectuals and scholars to try to shed light on the major political problems facing Romania, a country that has recently undergone unprecedented political and social changes. They think of Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review as a challenge and a mandate to be involved in scholarly issues of fundamental importance, related not only to the democratization of Romanian polity and politics, to the “great transformation” that is taking place in Central and Eastern Europe, but also to the make-over of the assumptions and prospects of their discipline. They hope to be joined in by those scholars in other countries who feel that the demise of communism calls for a new political science able to reassess the very foundations of democratic ideals and procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • PLEASE NOTE: This Book Contains Graphic Description of Inhuman Acts
    PLEASE NOTE: This book contains graphic description of inhuman acts committed by a small but unfortunately significant segment of the Serb nation. It is published for the information of politicians, diplomats, historians, soldiers, reporters and other professionals. Not recommended to the general public. To keep one's sanity it should be read with total professional detachment. Please read POSTSCRIPTUM on page 162 before you start reading the book. It will give you basic knowledge and better understanding of the true nature of the Partisan Warfare. The Publisher TITOIST ATROCITIES in VOJVODINA 1944-1945 SERBIAN VENDETTA IN BACSKA TIBOR CSERES HUNYADI PUBLISHING Copyright © Tibor Cseres 1993 All rights reserved First edition in the English Language Hunyadi Publishing Buffalo, NY - Toronto, Ont. Hungarian title: VERBOSSZU BACSKABAN Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 92-76218 ISBN 1-882785-01-0 Manufactured in the United States of America 9 AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION At the end of World War I, the southern part of the thousand year old historical Hungary was occupied by Serbian troops. Under the terms of the Paris Peace Treaty in 1921 it was annexed to the Serbo-Croat-Slovenian Kingdom, that later became Yugoslavia. The new name of this territory, situated to the east of present Croatia, was VOJVODINA (also spelled Voivodina or Voyvodina). Its former Hungarian name had been Bacska and Banat. During World War II, in 1941, Germany occupied Yugoslavia. At the same time, Hungary took possession of and re-annexed VOJVODINA from divided Yugoslavia. At the end of 1944, the Serbs reoccupied Bacska, which has belonged to Serbia ever since.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
    Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling Soil Erosion by Water on Agricultural Land in Cenei, Timiş County, Romania
    Advances in Environmental Development, Geomatics Engineering and Tourism Modeling soil erosion by water on agricultural land in Cenei, Timiş County, Romania GEORGE NARCIS PELEA, IOANA ALINA COSTESCU, ERIKA BEILICCI, TEODOR EUGEN MAN, ROBERT BEILICCI Faculty of Civil Engineering, Hydrotehnical Engineering Department University Politehnica of Timişoara G. Enescu Street No. 1A 300022 Timişoara, Timiş County ROMANIA [email protected] http://www.upt.ro Abstract: This paper aims to present soil erosion by water on agricultural land with low slope up to 5%. In the study were analyzedthe agricultural land of Cenei, in Timiş County, Romania, on part of drainage systems Răuţi – Sânmihaiu German and Checea – Jimbolia, and on the course section of river BegaVeche. The model analyzes soil erosion by water and sediment transport on the main drainage channels and the course section of river BegaVeche. Key-Words:soil erosion by water, sediment transport, drainage system, earth channels,hydrographic area, low slope erosion. 1 Introduction In order to evaluate the soil erosion by water on the Through the water cycle in nature appears the studied surface due to the small slope of phenomenon of soil erosionby water on agricultural surface,which is up to 5%., for the analysis was used land. This phenomenon affects the condition of the a modelling program -WEPP (Water Erosion drainage systems by clogging the channels section. Prediction Project) [5] Due to this problem it is brought to discussion the WEPP is software for the prediction of erosion possibility of analysis of soil erosionby water on processes in watersheds, developed by USDA agricultural land with small slopes.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Denial and "Comparative Trivialization": Holocaust Negationism in Post-Communist East Central Europe
    Between Denial and "Comparative Trivialization": Holocaust Negationism in Post-Communist East Central Europe Michael Shafir Motto: They used to pour millet on graves or poppy seeds To feed the dead who would come disguised as birds. I put this book here for you, who once lived So that you should visit us no more Czeslaw Milosz Introduction* Holocaust denial in post-Communist East Central Europe is a fact. And, like most facts, its shades are many. Sometimes, denial comes in explicit forms – visible and universally-aggressive. At other times, however, it is implicit rather than explicit, particularistic rather than universal, defensive rather than aggressive. And between these two poles, the spectrum is large enough to allow for a large variety of forms, some of which may escape the eye of all but the most versatile connoisseurs of country-specific history, culture, or immediate political environment. In other words, Holocaust denial in the region ranges from sheer emulation of negationism elsewhere in the world to regional-specific forms of collective defense of national "historic memory" and to merely banal, indeed sometime cynical, attempts at the utilitarian exploitation of an immediate political context.1 The paradox of Holocaust negation in East Central Europe is that, alas, this is neither "good" nor "bad" for the Jews.2 But it is an important part of the * I would like to acknowledge the support of the J. and O. Winter Fund of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York for research conducted in connection with this project. I am indebted to friends and colleagues who read manuscripts of earlier versions and provided comments and corrections.
    [Show full text]
  • The Szeklers and Hungarians from Romania
    STUDIA UBB GEOGRAPHIA, LX, 2, 2015, pp. 53-68 (RECOMMENDED CITATION) THE SZEKLERS AND HUNGARIANS FROM ROMANIA GR. P. POP1, A. NIŢĂ1 ABSTRACT. – The Szeklers and Hungarians from Romania. This study regards, as its main topic, the possibility of establishing at present, a geodemographical entity on Romania’s territory, since certain representatives of the Hungarian ethnical minority in our country, and with a particular insistence of those in the vicinity of the western border, always remember to bring into view the problem of establishing an autonomy, common to a Székely Land, located in the central area of our country, which would include Mureş, Harghita and Covasna counties. Without carrying out a detailed account of this situation, it needs to be mentioned, just as it will emerge of the following presentation, that such an approach has neither the most reduced geodemographical support, since the Szeklers, after being assimilated by the Hungarian ethnic group, are no longer present at the census of 20 October 2011. By taking into account the above mentioned aspects, in order to be able to respond to the insistent requests for autonomy in Transylvania, we proceeded to highlight, through a fairly detailed approach of the Hungarian ethnical minority, obviously in point of the number of inhabitants and of their distribution on Romania’s territory, resulting of this the fact that the number of Hungarians is of 1,227,623 people, value which related to those 20,121,641 inhabitants of Romania, means 6.10%. The total number of mentioned Hungarians is characterized by a pronounced concentration on Romania’s territory, standing out by creating a corridor with a diagonal aspect, on the northwest- southeast direction, consisting of seven counties, the first four (Satu Mare, Bihor, Sălaj and Cluj) being registered with 2.01% (404,561 inhabitants) of those 6.10% Hungarians, the following three (Mureş, Harghita and Covasna) accounting for 3.03% (609,033 inhabitants), and hence in the corridor are present 5.04% (1,013,594 Hungarians) of 6.10% at the level of the entire country.
    [Show full text]
  • Romania, December 2006
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Romania, December 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: ROMANIA December 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Romania. Short Form: Romania. Term for Citizen(s): Romanian(s). Capital: Bucharest (Bucureşti). Click to Enlarge Image Major Cities: As of 2003, Bucharest is the largest city in Romania, with 1.93 million inhabitants. Other major cities, in order of population, are Iaşi (313,444), Constanţa (309,965), Timişoara (308,019), Craiova (300,843), Galati (300,211), Cluj-Napoca (294,906), Braşov (286,371), and Ploeşti (236,724). Independence: July 13, 1878, from the Ottoman Empire; kingdom proclaimed March 26, 1881; Romanian People’s Republic proclaimed April 13, 1948. Public Holidays: Romania observes the following public holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1), Epiphany (January 6), Orthodox Easter (a variable date in April or early May), Labor Day (May 1), Unification Day (December 1), and National Day and Christmas (December 25). Flag: The Romanian flag has three equal vertical stripes of blue (left), yellow, and red. Click to Enlarge Image HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early Human Settlement: Human settlement first occurred in the lands that now constitute Romania during the Pleistocene Epoch, which began about 600,000 years ago. About 5500 B.C. the region was inhabited by Indo-European people, who in turn gave way to Thracian tribes. Today’s Romanians are in part descended from the Getae, a Thracian tribe that lived north of the Danube River. During the Bronze Age (about 2200 to 1200 B.C.), these Thraco-Getian tribes engaged in agriculture, stock raising, and trade with inhabitants of the Aegean Sea coast.
    [Show full text]
  • BTC EGTC, Region's Bridge of Innovation
    BTC EGTC, 20 region’s bridge 18 of innovation Preface City mayors from three countries collaboration. This is particularly have created the idea of the important for us, since we want to Grouping in 2009. keep economical, commercial, social The Grouping was established in contacts in the region covered by order to achieve their main goal BTC EGTC group. - the reducing of development The Grouping’s primary goal is a diff erences in the area surrounding harmonical regional development, the Hungarian-Romanian-Serbian improvement of the economical, border. social and territorial cohesion, as The establishment of BTC EGTC well as enabling a successful cross- provides such opportunities, which border collaboration. help to remove the borders in the region, and build bridges between BTC EGTC the local authorities, in their organization 2 BTC EGTC Introduction On 17th June 2009, almost fi fty mayors from the triple-border region municipalities decided to establish a European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) named „Banat - Triplex Confi nium” in a summit in Mórahalom. The headquarters of the Group is also in Mórahalom. The initial membership of BTC EGTC contained 37 Hungarian municipalities, 37 Romanian municipalities, as well as 8 Serbian towns as observing members. Another three Hungarian municipalities joined the Group in 2012 - Csengele, Kistelek and Zá- kányszék. Banat-Triplex Confi nium EGTC members are the following: BTC EGTC, region’s bridge of innovation 2018 Hungary • Ambrózfalva • Ferencszállás • Kunbaja • Öttömös • Apátfalva
    [Show full text]
  • The Extreme Right in Contemporary Romania
    INTERNATIONAL POLICY ANALYSIS The Extreme Right in Contemporary Romania RADU CINPOEª October 2012 n In contrast to the recent past of the country, there is a low presence of extreme right groups in the electoral competition of today’s Romania. A visible surge in the politi- cal success of such parties in the upcoming parliamentary elections of December 2012 seems to be unlikely. This signals a difference from the current trend in other European countries, but there is still potential for the growth of extremism in Roma- nia aligning it with the general direction in Europe. n Racist, discriminatory and intolerant attitudes are present within society. Casual intol- erance is widespread and racist or discriminatory statements often go unpunished. In the absence of a desire by politicians to lead by example, it is left to civil society organisations to pursue an educative agenda without much state-driven support. n Several prominent members of extreme right parties found refuge in other political forces in the last years. These cases of party migration make it hard to believe that the extreme views held by some of these ex-leaders of right-wing extremism have not found support in the political parties where they currently operate. The fact that some of these individuals manage to rally electoral support may in fact suggest that this happens precisely because of their original views and attitudes, rather than in spite of them. RADU CINPOEª | THE EXTREME RIGHT IN CONTEMPORARY ROMANIA Contents 1. Introduction. 3 2. Extreme Right Actors ...................................................4 2.1 The Greater Romania Party ..............................................4 2.2 The New Generation Party – Christian Democratic (PNG-CD) .....................6 2.3 The Party »Everything for the Country« (TPŢ) ................................7 2.4 The New Right (ND) Movement and the Nationalist Party .......................8 2.5 The Influence of the Romanian Orthodox Church on the Extreme Right Discourse .....8 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowledge Creation in a Cross Cultural Context for Sustainable Organisation Change and Development
    KNOWLEDGE CREATION IN A CROSS CULTURAL CONTEXT FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANISATION CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT by Janet Firth A thesis submitted to the University of Wolverhampton in partial fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY University of Wolverhampton Business School March 2015 This work of any part thereof has not previously been presented in any form to the University or to any other body whether for the purposes of assessment, publication or for any other purpose (unless otherwise indicated). Save for any express acknowledgements, references and/ or bibliographies cited in this work. I can confirm that the intellectual content of the work is the result of my own efforts and of no other person. The right of Janet Firth to be identified as author of this work is asserted in accordance with ss.77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. At this date copyright is owned by the author Signature...................Jan Firth......................................... Date...........................24/08/15........................................ i For Nicole Amy Firth 1986-2013 ii Acknowledgements I wish to record my thanks to everyone who has contributed to this research in any way. In particular I would like to thank the Romanian Border Police for giving me this unique and privileged opportunity to carry out my research, and for the commitment of the fourteen managers who without them this research would not have been possible. In particular my thanks go to the Commissioner, Chief of the Romanian Border Police at the time, who gave me the authority to carry out my research in the organisation at a time of transition and growing responsibility in the EU.
    [Show full text]
  • CURĂȚENIA DE PRIMĂVARĂ 2019 Pentru Că Toți Vrem Ceva Bun Dar Care Sa Nu Coste Mult, Însă Ne Și Grăbim
    8 Diverse M nitorul 3 Am îndrăznit sa aducem conceptul TO GO CURĂȚENIA DE PRIMĂVARĂ 2019 pentru că toți vrem ceva bun dar care sa nu coste mult, însă ne și grăbim. Toți cetățenii care împlinesc anul Calitatea ne caracterizează dar pentru acesta 50 de ani de căsătorie sau realizarea produsele oferite o combinam mai mult (cu excepția celor care cu foarte multa pasiune. Folosim aparate au fost premiați în anii trecuți) profesionale, și produse proaspete și de sunt așteptați să se înscrie la calitate ca să va oferim ce e mai bun. Cafea secretariatul domnului primar pentru a fi premiați pe scena de cea mai bună calitate, patiserie caldă teatrului de vară cu ocazia zilelor pe tot parcursul zilei și gamă largă de MConsiliuluinitorul Local Sânnicolau-Mare orașului în luna septembrie. răcoritoare făcută chiar de noi. MARTIE 2019 Anul XI Nr.138 Coordonator: primar Dănuț Groza Distribuit gratuit în fiecare locuință din Sânnicolau Mare Ne găsești pe strada Nistor Oprean, în fata imobilului cu nr ÎN ATENȚIA MEMBRILOR ASOCIAȚIEI 5. (în stația de autobuse). SENIORII SÂNMICLĂUȘENI ÎNTREȚINEREA ȘI DEZVOLTAREA RIDICAREA INVITAȚIILOR PENTRU ÎNTÂLNIREA DE PAȘTI SPAȚIILOR VERZI DIN ORAȘ JOI 25 APRILIE ora 1400 va avea loc la sala de sport “Ioan Morar” tradiționala întâlnire de Paști a membrilor ascociației. Vor fi discutate probleme ale asociației și ale orașului. De asemenea, participanții vor primi un cadou de la iepuraș. Participarea este doar pe bază de invitație. Invitațiile se pot ridica de la sediul asociației din Castelul Nako, în zilele de Marți, Miercuri, Joi și Vineri, între orele 900 și 1300 din data de miercuri 10 aprilie până în data de marți 23 aprilie.
    [Show full text]