Impact of Improved Poultry Management Technique on Socio- Economic Condition of Broiler Beneficiaries
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J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 4(2): 401-411, 2006 ISSN 1810-3030 Impact of improved poultry management technique on socio- economic condition of broiler beneficiaries S.M.A. Rahmanl, M.A. Sayeedl, N.R. Sarker2 and J. Alam3 i Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 2Poultry Production Research Division, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh 3BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh Abstract In this study attempt was made with 25 broiler beneficiaries and 24 adopter farms to analyze the magnitude of changes in terms of socio-economic status and livelihood pattern of beneficiaries from commercial broiler packages developed and introduced by PMTIP in 4 Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) of Bangladesh. Results showed that number of broiler production for category I, II and III farms were 1122, 1448 and 1777/beneficiary and 488, 763 and 1073/adopter farms, respectively. Annual profitability of broiler production/beneficiary and adopter farms was Tk 8,933 and Tk 10,280, respectively. Annual employment opportunities created for category I, II and III farmers of broiler beneficiaries were 45, 58 and 67 man-days. A substantial impact on supplementary occupation was reflected in poultry business for broiler beneficiaries. Investment in poultry business, cash in hand and saving in banks increased by 3600%, 675% and 1416%, respectively. Drinking water from own tube-well increased by 12%. Katcha latrines decreased by 15.4% and that of sanitary latrines increased by 16.7%. Per capita consumption of chicken, eggs, vegetables,' milk, pulses, fish and rice increased by 65.79%, 7.27%, 7.67%, 5.12%, 10.34%, 19.70% and 8.33% in post-project period. Household assets and health status improved in post-project period. The number of school-going children of beneficiaries increased by 123% in post- project period. It facilitated employment and income earning opportunities to female beneficiaries and their participation in decision making on household expenditure, children education and memberships of NGOs increased after intervention. All these evidences *suggest that commercial broiler packages introduced by PMTIP deserve wider expansion covering larger number of beneficiaries throughout the country. Keywords: Broiler Packages, Production, Consumption, Socio-economic condition, Women Empowerment Introduction The Poultry Management Technique Improvement Project (PMTIP) came into being as a jo'it cooperative venture between the Government of Bangladesh and Japan and started functioning from July, 1996 and ended in June, 2003 (Project Proforma, 2001). During this period, under the dynamic leadership of Poultry Management Technique Improvement project commercial broiler packages suitable for the small-scale poultry farmers have been developed and introduced in the farmers' field in 4 sub-sites of the country (Siddiqui et aL, 2002), namely Khulna, Bogra, Barisal and Sylhet districts. Commercial broiler packages comprised of 3 categories of beneficiaries. Category-I, II and III of broiler beneficiaries had facilitated rearing 300, 400,500 number of birds, respectively. For rearing, Poultry Management Technique Improvement Project (PMTIP) provided input substitutions and technical assistance to the target beneficiaries and the beneficiaries had to construct broiler-sheds from their own sources. Input substitutions for broilers were consisted of cost of chicks, feeds, equipments & appliances and medicines for the whole cycle of rearing. So far, broiler beneficiaries completed 4 batches (Rahman et aL, 2004). 402 Impact of poultry management technique Keeping all these views in consideration, a survey was conducted to determine the socio- economic conditions of the beneficiaries of broiler packages in 4 Agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Bangladesh with the objective .of analyzing productivity, profitability, creation of employment opportunities, family nutrition, household assets, savings and investment, sanitation, health, children education, women empowerment of beneficiary farms and finally determining motivation and adoption rate of commercial broiler packages in the study areas. Materials and Methods There were 9, 4, 6, and 6 broiler beneficiaries under the incentive coverage of PMTIP in Khulna, Bogra, Barisal and Sylhet sub-sites, respectively. All these 25 broiler beneficiaries were selected for investigation. Similarly, there were 8, 4, 2, 6 and 4 broiler adopter farms in Khulna, Bogra, Barisal and Sylhet sub-sites, respectively. All those 24 broiler adopter farmers who did not receive input substitutions but willingly adopted those commercial broiler packages of PMTIP were also selected for investigation. Thus, in all, 49 respondents were finally selected for the purpose of interview. For collection of data, a preliminary survey schedule was prepared and tested in Dinajpui- sub-sites for finalization. After field test, necessary modifications and rearrangements were made in survey schedule. Data were collected from the records and accounts maintained by the interviewing respondents. Principal Investigator and 2 Co-principal Investigators directly collected the data from the field. Data were collected during Nov.-Dec./2003 and Jan.-Feb./2004. Analytical techniques Collected data were processed using Microsoft Excel Programme. Data were tabulated and analyzed following a partial budgeting method and impact assessment was carried out using pre- and post-project comparison. Because, the intervention was for short duration and such type of effect of intervention can better be measurable in.qualitative or descriptive reading rather than quantitative assessment. Therefore, data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools like mean and percentage. It is worthwhile to mention that socio-economic benefits and women empowerment for broiler beneficiaries were analyzed assuming that the adopter farms will have, more or less, similar pattern of change like the broiler beneficiaries. Results and Discussion Broiler production/beneficiary and adopter farm The highest number of broiler reared in beneficiary farm (1447) than the adopter farm (693). It was 1122, 1448 and 1777 number for broiler beneficiaries and 488, 763 and 1073 number for broiler adopter for category I, II and III farm, respectively. The annual average number of home consumption of broiler/ beneficiary farm was higher. (59.43) than brioler adopter farm (17.64). The body weight gained was higher (1.50 kg.) in adopter farm than the beneficiary farm (1.37 kg.). Broiler production of beneficiary and adopter farms is shown in Fig. 1. Annual profitability of commercial broiler packages The annual profitability of commercial broiler packages for all categories of beneficiary farms was Tk. 8,932.50 and profitability! broiler was Tk. 4.11. The annual profitability of broiler production for all categories of adopter farms was Tk. 10,280 and profitability/broiler was Tk. 13.07 (Fig. 2). The lower profitability of broiler beneficiary farm was associated with higher mortality of bird and higher cost involvement in rearing. Rahman et aL 403 Fig. 1: BP /Beneficiary & Adopter Farm ti 2000 1777 1448 1447 g 1500 1122 1173 pi93 Z 63 0Broiler 1000 - 118; • 500 Beneficiaries 0 •Broiler Adopters 1(300) 11(400) 111(500) All - Categories of Farms Fig. 1. Broiler Production of Beneficiary and Adopter Farmers Fig. 2: Annual Profitability/BB and Adopter Farm 16,000 14,279 14,000 - 13,052 12,000 - 9,792 10,5 • 10,280 10,000 - 8,9 8,000 - 770 0Annual Profit BB 6,000 - III Annual Profit Ad 4,000 - 2,2 2,000 0 - • 1 (300) 11 (400) 111 (500) All Categories of Farms Fig. 2. Annual profitability of beneficiary and adopter farms 404 Impact of poultry management technique Annual employment opportunities Category I, II and III farms of commercial broiler packages provided higher annual employment opportunities to the family members of broiler beneficiary farmers for 45, 58 and 67 man-days compared to adopter farms for 27, 35 and 36 man-days, respectively. Lower employment opportunities in adopter farms can be explained by the fact that number of birds and rearing days were observed lower in those farms. Many authors in their studies observed similar type of employment opportunities created for rural poor, landless labourers, small and marginal farmers and unemployed or under employed labourers (Sirohi et aL, 1982; MuIla, 1995; Alam et aL, 1998, Prodhan, 1995; Verma et aL,1998). Thus, adoption of commercial broiler packages made a positive impact on the employment opportunities to the unemployed family labour in the rural areas of Bangladesh (Table 1). Table 1. Annual employment of family labour in beneficiary and adopter farms Types of Packages Rearing Family labour/day Hired Total - Total Annual Man- Farms days (Hours) . _ lab. ' • Man- Adult Adult Male Female Adult Adult days days male female Children Children male Equivalent/day . , (Hour) Man-days Broiler I 156.18 8.9 7.45 0.9 1.56 0 12.2 1.53 29.87 44.81 beneficiary II _157.45 11.38 7.49 0 1.38 0 15.69 1.96 38.58 57.87 III 159.21 , 11.52 , 10.33 1.3 0.79 1.5 17.93 2.24 44.58 66.87 Av. 157.61, 10.61 , 8.39 0.71 1.26 0.48 15.28 1.91 37.63 56.45 Av./Balch 39.40 2.65 2.10 0.49 0.315 0.12 - 3.82 0.48 9.41 14.12 1.35 17.94 26.91- Broiler I , 106.33 8.72 3.98 0.00 0.32 0 10.80 Adopters I; 98 12.65 5.17 0 o 0 15.28 1.91 23.40 35.10 Ill 105.35 13.42 2.41 0 0 0 14.72 1.84 24.23 36.35 Av. 105.00 10.58 3.67 0.00 0.19 0 12.50 1.56 20.48 30.72 Av./Batch 26.25 2.65 , 0.92 _ 0.00 0.05 0 3.12 0.39 5.12 7.68 Changes in supplementary occupation Both in the case of principal and supplementary occupations, the highest percentage change occurred (200% and 900%, respectively) in poultry business after the adoption of commercial broiler packages. This indicated that PMTIP has made a substantial impact on principal as well as on supplementary occupations in poultry business for beneficiaries who adopted the commercial broiler packages (Table 2).