Petroleum Geological Analysis Based on Remote Sensing and Laser Scanning in Karamay Formation of Junggar Basin, China
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SCTIW Review
SCTIW Review Journal of the Society for Contemporary Thought and the Islamicate World ISSN: 2374-9288 February 21, 2017 David Brophy, Uyghur Nation: Reform and Revolution on the Russia-China Frontier, Harvard University Press, 2016, 386 pp., $39.95 US (hbk), ISBN 9780674660373. Since the 1980s, Western scholarship on modern Chinese history has moved away from the narrative of a tradition-bound Middle Kingdom reacting to the dynamism of Japan and the West. A “China-centered” view of modern Chinese history has by now become standard, much to the benefit of historical research.1 In more recent years, Anglophone scholarship on Central Asia has increasingly assumed a comparable orientation, combining indigenous and imperial sources to recenter modern Central Asian history around Central Asian actors. David Brophy’s Uyghur Nation: Reform and Revolution on the Russia-China Frontier, the culmination of a decade of research, represents a major advance in this regard. In a wide- ranging study, Brophy carefully reconstructs the interplay of local elites, intellectuals, community, and state from which the contemporary Uyghur nation emerged: a Uyghur- centered view of modern Uyghur history.2 On the basis of extensive archival, published, and manuscript sources, Brophy has written the fullest and most convincing account to date of the twentieth-century development of the Uyghur national concept. Synthesizing intellectual and political history, he puts persuasively to rest the frequent assertion that modern Uyghur identity was imposed from above by Soviet bureaucrats and passively adopted by its designated subjects. Brophy demonstrates that the Uyghur national idea, and the bureaucratic reification of that idea, emerged from complex negotiations between proto-Uyghur elites and intellectuals, ethnographers of various backgrounds, and Soviet officials on the local and national level. -
Uyghur Identity Contestation and Construction of Identity in a Conflict Setting
UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG School of Global Studies = Uyghur Identity Contestation and Construction of Identity in a Conflict Setting Master Thesis in Global Studies Spring Semester 2015 Author: Fanny Olson Supervisor: Camilla Orjuela ABSTRACT This study explores and discusses the dynamics of identity in conflict through examining Uyghur collective identity in the specific context of China as an emerging power. Particular attention is paid to how this identity is constructed and contested by different actors of the Xinjiang Conflict. The Xinjiang Conflict is a multifaceted conflict, consisting of both direct and structural violence. These dynamics of identity are based on different understandings of what it means to be a Uyghur, which is in line with existing research on contemporary conflicts that considers identity as a driving force of violence. Through a text analysis, this study sets out to assess how Uyghur identity is constructed and contested in the context of the Xinjiang Conflict, by primary actors; the Chinese government, Uyghur diaspora and the local Uyghur population in Xinjiang. As the Uyghurs’ identity has been contested, and discontent is cultivated among the Uyghur community, the conflict between Uyghurs and the Chinese government (dominated by the majority ethnic group Han Chinese) has escalated since the mid-1990s. The findings advanced in this research conclude that Uyghur identity, in the context of conflict, is contested within different areas, such as language, culture, territory, religion and even time. This paper suggests that within these areas, identity is contested though the different processes of negotiation, resistance, boundary-making and emphasis on certain features of ones identity. -
Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Low-Arsenic Groundwater in the Karamay Area Between Two High Arsenic Areas of Xinjiang, China
Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Low-Arsenic Groundwater in The Karamay Area Between Two High Arsenic Areas of Xinjiang, China Qiao Li ( [email protected] ) Xinjiang Agricultural University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-8572 Hongfei Tao Xinjiang Agricultural University Mahemujiang Aihemaiti Xinjiang Agricultural University Youwei Jiang Xinjiang Agricultural University Wenxin Yang Xinjiang Agricultural University Jun Jiang Xinjiang Agricultural University Research Article Keywords: Low arsenic groundwater area, Tectonic and sedimentary evolution, Groundwater geochemistry, Xinjiang, China Posted Date: May 10th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-498060/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/15 Abstract The groundwater of several regions in Xinjiang, China, including the Kuitun and the Manas River Basins in the Junggar Basin, is heavily polluted with arsenic. However, the arsenic content of the groundwater of the Karamay area located within the Junggar Basin is relatively low and below the recommended drinking water limit. In our study, we analyze the factors that result in this anomaly. The geological and geochemical characteristics of the water-bearing system in this area were investigated by analyzing water samples, carrying out hydrogeological surveys, and statistical techniques. Since the Carboniferous, the geological development and subsequent structural evolution resulted in a lower arsenic concentration in groundwater of the Karamay region than that of the Kuitun River Basin and the Manasi River Basin. The missing high-energy sedimentary environment in the Middle-Upper Permian and the composition of sediments controlled the characteristics of the multi-layer aquifer in this area. -
China's De-Extremization of Uyghurs in Xinjiang
PATRIK MEYER CHINA’S DE-EXTREMIZATION OF UYGHURS IN XINJIANG JUNE 2016 About the Author About New America Patrik Meyer is a fellow with New New America is committed to renewing American politics, America’s International Security program. prosperity, and purpose in the Digital Age. We generate big He has eclectic personal, academic, and ideas, bridge the gap between technology and policy, and professional backgrounds, which inform curate broad public conversation. We combine the best of his multidisciplinary research and narrow a policy research institute, technology laboratory, public the gap between theory and practice in his work. He forum, media platform, and a venture capital fund for earned his PhD in politics and international studies from ideas. We are a distinctive community of thinkers, writers, the University of Cambridge, working with Chinese researchers, technologists, and community activists who scholars to provide better understanding of the conflicts believe deeply in the possibility of American renewal. in Xinjiang, China, that fuel tensions between the Uyghurs and the Chinese government. He also holds an M.P.A. in Find out more at newamerica.org/our-story. development from Harvard Kennedy School, an M.S. in structural dynamics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a B.S. in civil engineering from the About the International Security Program University of California, Berkeley. New America’s International Security program aims to Before commencing his academic studies, Patrik provide evidence-based analysis of some of the thorniest spent twenty years traveling the world, mainly through questions facing American policymakers and the public. the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia, where he was The program is largely focused on South Asia and the deeply involved in Islamic and Chinese studies. -
Written Evidence Submitted by Lawyers for Uyghur Rights (FL0009)
Written evidence submitted by Lawyers for Uyghur Rights (FL0009) 1. Lawyers for Uyghur Rights represented two British Uyghurs Rahima Mahmut, a human rights activist and head of the World Uyghur Congress’s London Office and Enver Tohti Bughda, who is also an activist and a member of the International Advisory Committee of the International Coalition to End Transplant Abuse in China in regards to the Government’s reported decision to allow Huawei to provide infrastructure as part of the United Kingdom’s 5G network. Thankfully, the Government has reversed this reported decision and will phase out the use of Huawei within the network. 2. We believe that the work that we have done in regards to Huawei gives a good picture as to how the current legislative provisions in regards to slavery and human rights abuses within the supply chain of British companies or companies doing business in the United Kingdom are insufficient and how these companies are either negligently or intentionally acting in breach of their slavery and human rights policies and the international legal framework. This submission will suggest ways in which the law could be changed to prevent the current situation where United Kingdom consumers are involved in the purchase of goods created with the immense pain and suffering of the Uyghur and other Turkic people in China who are transported thousands of miles and forced to work in slavery. 3. We believe that the Directors of the companies named in this submission, who have refused to act in accordance with their own slavery and human rights policies, showing the toothlessness of British law on this subject, should be called before the Commission to explain how they have responded, or failed to respond in many cases, to the evidence which we have placed before them. -
Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler a Dissertati
Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Chair Ann Anagnost Stevan Harrell Danny Hoffman Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology ©Copyright 2018 Darren T. Byler University of Washington Abstract Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Department of Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies This study argues that Uyghurs, a Turkic-Muslim group in contemporary Northwest China, and the city of Ürümchi have become the object of what the study names “terror capitalism.” This argument is supported by evidence of both the way state-directed economic investment and security infrastructures (pass-book systems, webs of technological surveillance, urban cleansing processes and mass internment camps) have shaped self-representation among Uyghur migrants and Han settlers in the city. It analyzes these human engineering and urban planning projects and the way their effects are contested in new media, film, television, photography and literature. It finds that this form of capitalist production utilizes the discourse of terror to justify state investment in a wide array of policing and social engineering systems that employs millions of state security workers. The project also presents a theoretical model for understanding how Uyghurs use cultural production to both build and refuse the development of this new economic formation and accompanying forms of gendered, ethno-racial violence. -
The Xinjiang Problem
THE XINJIANG PROBLEM Graham E. Fuller S. Frederick Starr © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies The Johns Hopkins University Tel.: 1 202 663 7723 [email protected] The Xinjiang Problem 3 Table of Contents Introduction: The Xinjiang Project............................................. 1 I. What is the Problem in Xinjiang? ...........................................4 II. The Geopolitical Realities: a Primer......................................10 III. What Do The Key Players Want? .......................................16 Uyghur Grievances.................................................................................. 16 Uyghur Goals and Actions ........................................................................22 China’s Grievances..................................................................................26 China’s Goals and Actions ........................................................................30 IV. What Is At Stake? Why The Xinjiang Problem Matters ........33 Implications for Ethnic Minorities.............................................................. 33 Uyghurs and the Muslim World.................................................................34 Terrorism .............................................................................................. 40 China and Regional Geopolitics..................................................................43 Human Rights Issues................................................................................47 Economic -
The Mass Internment of Uyghurs: “We Want to Be Respected As Humans
The Mass Internment of Uyghurs: “We want to be respected as humans. Is it too much to ask?” TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................................3 BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................5 The Re-education Campaign Emerges from “De-extremification”……………………………….6 The Scale and Nature of the Current Internment Camp System…………………………………10 Reactions to the Internment Camps…………………………………………………...................17 VOICES OF THE CAMPS ...........................................................................................................19 “Every night I heard crying” .........................................................................................................19 “I am here to break the silence”.....................................................................................................20 “He bashed his head against a wall to try to kill himself”.............................................................23 LEGAL INSTRUMENTS .............................................................................................................38 RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................41 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................43 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................................43 -
Uyghur Experiences of Detention in Post-2015 Xinjiang 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................9 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................10 MAIN FINDINGS Surveillance and arrests in the XUAR ................................................................................13 Surveillance .......................................................................................................................13 Arrests ...............................................................................................................................15 Detention in the XUAR ........................................................................................................18 The detention environment in the XUAR ............................................................................18 Pre-trial detention facilities versus re-education camps ......................................................20 Treatment in detention facilities ..........................................................................................22 Detention as a site of political indoctrination and cultural cleansing....................................25 Violence in detention facilities ............................................................................................26 Possibilities for information -
LIME: Software for 3-D Visualization, Interpretation, and Communication of Virtual Geoscience Models Simon J
LIME: Software for 3-D visualization, interpretation, and communication of virtual geoscience models Simon J. Buckley, Kari Ringdal, Nicole Naumann, Benjamin Dolva, Tobias H. Kurz, John A. Howell, Thomas Dewez To cite this version: Simon J. Buckley, Kari Ringdal, Nicole Naumann, Benjamin Dolva, Tobias H. Kurz, et al.. LIME: Software for 3-D visualization, interpretation, and communication of virtual geoscience models. Geo- sphere, Geological Society of America, 2019, 15, pp.222-235. 10.1130/GES02002.1. hal-02380693 HAL Id: hal-02380693 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02380693 Submitted on 28 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Software Contribution GEOSPHERE LIME: Software for 3-D visualization, interpretation, and communication of virtual geoscience models GEOSPHERE, v. 15, no. 1 Simon J. Buckley1,2, Kari Ringdal1, Nicole Naumann1, Benjamin Dolva1, Tobias H. Kurz1, John A. Howell3, and Thomas J.B. Dewez4 1NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box 22, N-5838 Bergen, Norway https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02002.1 2Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway 3Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK 9 figures 4BRGM–French Geological Survey, 45060 Orléans, France CORRESPONDENCE: [email protected] ABSTRACT science, volcanology, natural hazards, hydrology, energy, infrastructure, and CITATION: Buckley, S.J., Ringdal, K., Naumann, N., Dolva, B., Kurz, T.H., Howell, J.A., and Dewez, mining). -
Geology of the Tarim Basin with Special Emphasis on Petroleum Deposits, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, Northwest China
Geology of the Tarim Basin with special emphasis on petroleum deposits, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, Northwest China By K. Y. Lee U.S. Geological Survey Reston, Virginia Open-File Report 85-616 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. 1985 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Regional setting 6 Purpose, scope, and method of report 6 S t rat igraphy 6 Jr r e""D inian Q Sinian 8 Paleozoic 10 Lower Paleozoic 11 Upper Paleozoic 12 Mesozoic 15 Tr ias s i c 15 Jurassi c 16 Cretaceous 17 Cenozoic 18 Tertiary 18 Quat e rnar y 2 0 Structure 21 Kuqa Foredeep 21 Northern Tarim Uplift 21 Eastern Tarim Depression 24 Central Uplift 24 Southwestern Depression 26 Kalpin Uplift 26 Southeastern Faulted Blocks 27 Evolution of the basin 27 Petroleum and coal deposits 36 Petroleum 36 Source rocks 36 Reservoir rocks 44 Cap rocks 45 Types of trap 47 Potential and description of known oil and gas fields 47 Occurrence 50 Potential 50 Summary and conclusions 52 References cited 54 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Index map of China 3 2. Geologic map of the Tarim (Talimu) basin, Xinjiang, northwest China 4 3. Airborne magnetic anomaly contours in Ta 9 4. Principal structural units 22 5. Sketch isopachs of the earth's crust 23 6. Depth to the magnetic basement rocks 25 7. Isopachs of the Paleozoic and Sinian strata 29 8. Isopachs of the Cenozoic and Mesozoic strata 30 9. Isopachs of the Jurassic strata 32 10. -
Quantitative Characterization of a Naturally Fractured Reservoir Analog
Research Paper GEOSPHERE Quantitative characterization of a naturally fractured reservoir GEOSPHERE; v. 14, no. 2 analog using a hybrid lidar-gigapixel imaging approach doi:10.1130/GES01449.1 Kivanc Biber1,2, Shuhab D. Khan1, Thomas D. Seers3, Sergio Sarmiento4, and M.R. Lakshmikantha4 1 14 figures; 7 tables Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, USA 2Statoil North America, 2107 CityWest Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77042, USA 3Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar Engineering Building, Education City, Doha, Qatar 23874 CORRESPONDENCE: kbiber@ uh .edu 4Repsol USA, Technology Hub, 2455 Technology Forest Boulevard, The Woodlands, Texas 77381, USA CITATION: Biber, K., Khan, S.D., Seers, T.D., Sarmiento, S., and Lakshmikantha, M.R., 2018, Quantitative characterization of a naturally fractured ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION reservoir analog using a hybrid lidar-gigapixel imag- ing approach: Geosphere, v. 14, no. 2, p. 710–730, The inability to accurately resolve subseismic-scale structural discontinui- Understanding the orientation distribution and spatial configuration of doi:10.1130/GES01449.1. ties such as natural fractures represents a significant source of uncertainty natural fractures is important because these structural discontinuities signifi- for subsurface modeling practices. Fracture statistics collected from outcrop cantly influence the behavior of many oil and gas reservoirs. As such, they Science Editor: Raymond M. Russo Associate Editor: Francesco Mazzarini analogs are commonly used to fill the knowledge gap to reduce the uncer- impact fluid flow (e.g., Wilson et al., 2011b) and geomechanical state of the tainty related to fracture-induced permeability anisotropy. The conventional reservoirs (e.g., Heffer, 2012; Couples, 2013).