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The Meaning of the Federalist Papers
English-Language Arts: Operational Lesson Title: The Meaning of the Federalist Papers Enduring Understanding: Equality is necessary for democracy to thrive. Essential Question: How did the constitutional system described in The Federalist Papers contribute to our national ideas about equality? Lesson Overview This two-part lesson explores the Federalist Papers. First, students engage in a discussion about how they get information about current issues. Next, they read a short history of the Federalist Papers and work in small groups to closely examine the text. Then, student pairs analyze primary source manuscripts concerning the Federalist Papers and relate these documents to what they have already learned. In an optional interactive activity, students now work in small groups to research a Federalist or Anti-Federalist and role-play this person in a classroom debate on the adoption of the Constitution. Extended writing and primary source activities follow that allow students to use their understanding of the history and significance of the Federalist Papers. Lesson Objectives Students will be able to: • Explain arguments for the necessity of a Constitution and a bill of rights. • Define democracy and republic and explain James Madison’s use of these terms. • Describe the political philosophy underpinning the Constitution as specified in the Federalist Papers using primary source examples. • Discuss and defend the ideas of the leading Federalists and Anti-Federalists on several issues in a classroom role-play debate. (Optional Activity) • Develop critical thinking, writing skills, and facility with textual evidence by examining the strengths of either Federalism or Anti-Federalism. (Optional/Extended Activities) • Use both research skills and creative writing techniques to draft a dialogue between two contemporary figures that reflects differences in Federalist and Anti-Federalist philosophies. -
Alexander Hamilton to John Jay on African-American Soldiers (March, 14, 1779)
Alexander Hamilton to John Jay on African-American Soldiers (March, 14, 1779) On March 14, 1779, Alexander Hamilton wrote this letter to John Jay regarding the recruitment of black soldiers. Hamilton expressed his opinion that former slaves might prove even better soldiers than the whites. Unlike many of his contemporaries, he rejected prejudices about the natural abilities of African-Americans and attributed any of their deficiencies to their social condition as slaves. As you read the letter, consider why Hamilton advocated giving the slaves "their freedom with their muskets" and what effect he thought this would have on slaves throughout the South. How did he propose to overcome the objections of slaveowners? Why was his plan rejected by congress? Col Laurens, who will have the honor of delivering you this letter, is on his way to South Carolina, on a project, which I think, in the present situation of affairs there, is a very good one and deserves every kind of support and encouragement. This is to raise two three or four batalions of negroes; with the assistance of the government of that state, by contributions from the owners in proportion to the number they possess. If you should think proper to enter upon the subject with him, he will give you a detail of his plan. He wishes to have it recommended by Congress to the state; and, as an inducement, that they would engage to take those batalions into Continental pay. It appears to me, that an expedient of this kind, in the present state of Southern affairs, is the most rational, that can be adopted, and promises very important advantages. -
Cwa News-Fall 2016
2 Communications Workers of America / fall 2016 Hardworking Americans Deserve LABOR DAY: the Truth about Donald Trump CWA t may be hard ers on Trump’s Doral Miami project in Florida who There’s no question that Donald Trump would be to believe that weren’t paid; dishwashers at a Trump resort in Palm a disaster as president. I Labor Day Beach, Fla. who were denied time-and-a half for marks the tradi- overtime hours; and wait staff, bartenders, and oth- If we: tional beginning of er hourly workers at Trump properties in California Want American employers to treat the “real” election and New York who didn’t receive tips customers u their employees well, we shouldn’t season, given how earmarked for them or were refused break time. vote for someone who stiffs workers. long we’ve already been talking about His record on working people’s right to have a union Want American wages to go up, By CWA President Chris Shelton u the presidential and bargain a fair contract is just as bad. Trump says we shouldn’t vote for someone who campaign. But there couldn’t be a higher-stakes he “100%” supports right-to-work, which weakens repeatedly violates minimum wage election for American workers than this year’s workers’ right to bargain a contract. Workers at his laws and says U.S. wages are too presidential election between Hillary Clinton and hotel in Vegas have been fired, threatened, and high. Donald Trump. have seen their benefits slashed. He tells voters he opposes the Trans-Pacific Partnership – a very bad Want jobs to stay in this country, u On Labor Day, a day that honors working people trade deal for working people – but still manufac- we shouldn’t vote for someone who and kicks off the final election sprint to November, tures his clothing and product lines in Bangladesh, manufactures products overseas. -
Constitutional Reflections
Loyola University Chicago Law Journal Volume 49 Issue 4 Summer 2018 Article 9 2018 The United States as an Idea: Constitutional Reflections H Jefferson Powell Follow this and additional works at: https://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation H J. Powell, The United States as an Idea: Constitutional Reflections, 49 Loy. U. Chi. L. J. 705 (). Available at: https://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj/vol49/iss4/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago Law Journal by an authorized editor of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The United States as an Idea: Constitutional Reflections H. Jefferson Powell* I’d like to begin my remarks with two completely unoriginal observations. The first is that United States is a nation that rests on ideas, in a sense that isn’t quite true of many other nations. What we mean by, say, Denmark, or my ancestral country of Wales, certainly is tied up with ideas about what it means to be Danish or Welsh. To be Welsh is, among other things, to belong to a nation of poets: the greatest cultural achievement for any Welshman or woman—leaving aside organized sports!—is to be crowned Bard (chief poet) at the National Eisteddfod. But the ideas that characterize Denmark or Wales belong to a national community that did not begin with ideas and a conscious decision. There was no convention that established Denmark, no declaration that announced Wales, and it is pointless to ask when either nation was created.1 Both emerged out of “the mists of time,” out of a particular human experience of geography, culture, language, religion, perceived physical kinship, and so on. -
Twenty-Third Day
TWENTY-THIRD DAY MORNING SESSION. defeating or negativing directly or indirectly the regulation of the traffic by a license herein pro TUESDAY, February 20, 1912. vided for. The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, was AGAINST LICENSE. called to order by the president and opened with prayer No license to traffic in intox:icating liquors shall by the Rabbi Joseph S. Kornfield, of Columbus, Ohio. hereafter be granted in this state; but the gener The journal of yesterday was read. al assembly may by law provide against the evils Mr. ANDERSON: I call for the special order to resulting therefrom. day, Proposal No. 151. lVIr. PRESIDENT: The journal has not yet been SECTION 2. At said election, a separate ballot approval. Are there any corrections? If none the shall be in the following form: journal will stand approved as reacl. INTOXICATING LIQUORS. SECOND READING OF PROPOSALS. Mr. KING: I offer an amendment. I For License. The PRESIDENT: The gentleman from lVIahoning [Mr. ANDERSON] calls up the special order Proposal No. ----- 151 and the member from Erie [Mr. KING] offers an I' Against License. amendment which the secretary will read. The secretary read the amendment as follows: Amend Proposal No. 151 by striking out all SECTION 3. Separate ballot boxes shall be pro after the word "Proposal" and inserting the fol vided for the reception of said ballots. lowing: SECTION 4. The voter shall indicate his choice "To submit substitute for schedule, section 18, by placing a cross-mark ,vithin the blank space op of the constitution.-Relatin~to licensing the traf posite the words "For License" if he desires to fic in intoxicating liquors. -
Splitting Sovereignty: the Legislative Power and the Constitution's Federation of Independent States
Splitting Sovereignty: The Legislative Power and the Constitution's Federation of Independent States JAMES T. KNIGHT II* ABSTRACT From the moment the Constitutional Convention of 1787 ended and the Framers presented their plan to ªform a more perfect Union,º people have debated what form of government that union established. Had the thirteen sepa- rate states surrendered their independence to form a new state stretching from New England to Georgia, or was their individual sovereignty preserved as in the Articles of Confederation? If the states remained sovereign in some respect, what did that mean for the new national government? I propose that the original Constitution would have been viewed as establish- ing a federation of independent, sovereign states. The new federation possessed certain limited powers delegated to it by the states, but it lacked a broad power to legislate for the general welfare and the protection of individual rights. This power, termed ªthe legislative powerº by Enlightenment thinkers, was viewed as the essential, identifying power of a sovereign state under the theoretical framework of eighteenth-century political philosophy. The state constitutions adopted prior to the national Constitutional Convention universally gave their governments this broad legislative power rather than enumerate speci®c areas where the government could legislate. Of the constitutional documents adopted prior to the federal Constitution, only the Articles of Confederation provides such an enumeration. In this note, I argue that, against the background of political theory and con- stitutional precedent, a government lacking the full legislative power would not have been viewed as sovereign in its own right. -
Supreme Court Justices
The Supreme Court Justices Supreme Court Justices *asterick denotes chief justice John Jay* (1789-95) Robert C. Grier (1846-70) John Rutledge* (1790-91; 1795) Benjamin R. Curtis (1851-57) William Cushing (1790-1810) John A. Campbell (1853-61) James Wilson (1789-98) Nathan Clifford (1858-81) John Blair, Jr. (1790-96) Noah Haynes Swayne (1862-81) James Iredell (1790-99) Samuel F. Miller (1862-90) Thomas Johnson (1792-93) David Davis (1862-77) William Paterson (1793-1806) Stephen J. Field (1863-97) Samuel Chase (1796-1811) Salmon P. Chase* (1864-73) Olliver Ellsworth* (1796-1800) William Strong (1870-80) ___________________ ___________________ Bushrod Washington (1799-1829) Joseph P. Bradley (1870-92) Alfred Moore (1800-1804) Ward Hunt (1873-82) John Marshall* (1801-35) Morrison R. Waite* (1874-88) William Johnson (1804-34) John M. Harlan (1877-1911) Henry B. Livingston (1807-23) William B. Woods (1881-87) Thomas Todd (1807-26) Stanley Matthews (1881-89) Gabriel Duvall (1811-35) Horace Gray (1882-1902) Joseph Story (1812-45) Samuel Blatchford (1882-93) Smith Thompson (1823-43) Lucius Q.C. Lamar (1883-93) Robert Trimble (1826-28) Melville W. Fuller* (1888-1910) ___________________ ___________________ John McLean (1830-61) David J. Brewer (1890-1910) Henry Baldwin (1830-44) Henry B. Brown (1891-1906) James Moore Wayne (1835-67) George Shiras, Jr. (1892-1903) Roger B. Taney* (1836-64) Howell E. Jackson (1893-95) Philip P. Barbour (1836-41) Edward D. White* (1894-1921) John Catron (1837-65) Rufus W. Peckham (1896-1909) John McKinley (1838-52) Joseph McKenna (1898-1925) Peter Vivian Daniel (1842-60) Oliver W. -
Committee on Election Law Michael J
NEW YORK STATE ASSEMBLY ANNUAL 2012 REPORT Committee on Election Law Michael J. Cusick, Chairman SHELDON SILVER, SPEAKER THE ASSEMBLY CHAIRMAN STATE OF NEW YORK Committee on Election Law ALBANY COMMITTEES Governmental Employees Higher Education Mental Health MICHAEL CUSICK Transportation rd Assemblyman 63 District Veterans Affairs Ways and Means December 15, 2012 Honorable Sheldon Silver Speaker of the Assembly New York State Assembly State Capitol Albany, New York 12248 Dear Mr. Speaker: It is with great pleasure that I present to you the 2012 Annual Report of the Assembly Standing Committee on Election Law. During the 2012 session, the Committee reported significant legislation that was later enacted into law to change the primary election date from September 11, 2012 to September 13, 2012. Under the New York State Election Law the 2012 fall primary election was scheduled for September 11, 2012. This legislation recognized and respected the significance of the anniversary of September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks by rescheduling the 2012 fall primary for September 13, 2012. The Committee also enacted legislation to allow for the continued use of lever voting machines for school districts, villages and special districts in their respective local elections until December 31, 2014. Other legislative initiatives which the Committee reported and the Assembly passed include: ensuring the security of lever voting machines used in village elections; requiring voting material to be provided in Russian; prohibiting certain candidates for public office from serving as poll watchers; requiring absentee ballot applications for village elections to conform to state board of election absentee ballot requirements; providing that absentee ballots for all elections shall be made available in Braille upon the request of a blind or visually impaired voter; and amending deadlines to facilitate timely transmission of ballots to overseas military voters for primary and general elections. -
Updating New York's Constitutional Environmental Rights
Pace Law Review Volume 38 Issue 1 Symposium Edition 2017 Article 9 September 2017 Updating New York’s Constitutional Environmental Rights Nicholas A. Robinson Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Environmental Law Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Nicholas A. Robinson, Updating New York’s Constitutional Environmental Rights, 38 Pace L. Rev. 151 (2017) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr/vol38/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROBINSON.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 10/24/17 4:20 PM Updating New York’s Constitutional Environmental Rights By Nicholas A. Robinson* Every twenty years, the New York State Constitution mandates a public decision on whether or not to conduct elections for delegates to convene in a convention to rewrite the constitution.1 2017 presents New Yorkers again with this question.2 As voters begin to contemplate what their government should do to prepare for the impacts of climate change, the 2017 ballot opens the door for New York to recognize an environmental right as a preferred way to do so. This article examines the issues that a constitutional convention will encounter as it may debate how best to update protection of New York’s environment. -
Read the Westchester Guardian
35(6257(' 67$1'$5' 3(50,7 :+,7(3/$,161< Vol. V No. XXVII Thursday, July 7, 2011 :HVWFKHVWHU·V0RVW,QIOXHQWLDO:HHNO\ Fatal Flaws of Nuclear Power 3DJH Still More Disorganized Puns 3DJH Barbecued Bard Criminals 3DJH Running City of Mount Vernon Less Space for Future Felons 3DJH Lawrence Hospital Building Project 3DJH Rye City Council Updates 3DJH Letters to the Editor 3DJH Mr President, Bring Our Soldiers Home )`:HTAOLYRH7HNL 3DJH westchesterguardian.com PAGE 2 THE WESTCHESTER GUARDIAN THURSDAY, JULY 7, 2011 Of Significance CommunitySection Community Section ...................................................................2 Books ........................................................................................2 BOOKS Northern Westechester ............................................................3 Energy Issues ...........................................................................4 The Retired (Try To) Strike Back—Chapter 11 – A Revolution Community ..............................................................................6 By ALLAN LUKS Humor .....................................................................................6 Energy Issues ...........................................................................7 “As retirees, we can help our involved in making the Retired Person’s Dating government that is going broke Film. “Any comments so far on the dialogue Legal ........................................................................................6 and be recognized by the public they’ve created for their characters? -
Patriotism and Honor: Veterans of Dutchess County, New York
Patriotism and Honor: Veterans of Dutchess County, New York Dutchess County Historical Society 2018 Yearbook • Volume 97 Candace J. Lewis, Editor Dutchess County Historical Society The Society is a not-for-profit educational organization that collects, preserves, and interprets the history of Dutchess County, New York, from the period of the arrival of the first Native Americans until the present day. Publications Committee: Candace J. Lewis, Ph.D., Editor David Dengel, Dennis Dengel, John Desmond, Roger Donway, Eileen Hayden, Julia Hotton, Bill Jeffway, Melodye Moore, and William P. Tatum III Ph.D. Designer: Marla Neville, Main Printing, Poughkeepsie, New York mymainprinter.com Printer: Advertisers Printing, Saint Louis, Missouri Dutchess County Historical Society Yearbook 2018 Volume 97 • Published annually since 1915 Copyright © by Dutchess County Historical Society ISSN: 0739-8565 ISBN: 978-0-944733-13-4 Front Cover: Top: Young men of Dutchess County recently transformed into soldiers. On the steps of the Armory, Poughkeepsie, New York. 1917. Detail. Bottom: Men, women, and children walk along the railroad tracks in Poughkeepsie at lower Main Street, seeing off a contingent of soldiers as they entrain for war. 1918. Back Cover: Left: Nurses from around the country march in the parade of April 6, 1918. Detail. Middle: A “patriotic pageant,l” performed by children. April 1918. Right: Unidentified individual as he gets ready to “entrain” in the separate recruitment of African Americans. 1918, Detail. All Photographs by Reuben P. Van Vlack. Collection of the Dutchess County Historical Society. The Dutchess County Historical Society Yearbook does not assume responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. -
John Marshall
William & Mary Law Review Volume 43 (2001-2002) Issue 4 Symposium: The Legacy of Chief Article 9 Justice John Marshall March 2002 John Marshall: Remarks of October 6, 2000 William H. Rehnquist Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr Part of the Legal History Commons, and the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Repository Citation William H. Rehnquist, John Marshall: Remarks of October 6, 2000, 43 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1549 (2002), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol43/iss4/9 Copyright c 2002 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr JOHN MARSHALL REMARKS OF OCTOBER 6,2000 WILLIAM H. REHNQUIST* Thank you, Dean Reveley, for the kind introduction. It is a great pleasure to be here. Next January will be the two hundredth anniversary of the appointment of John Marshall as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. I am quite convinced that Marshall deserves to be recognized along with George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Thomas Jefferson as one of the "Founding Fathers" of this country. Admittedly, he does not have the name recognition of Washington, Hamilton, or Jefferson, but a strong case can be made for the proposition that his contribution to our system of government ranks with any of theirs. I shall try to make that case this evening. Of these Founders, Washington had the experience as a military commander and the reputation for public rectitude that were essential in our first President.